Instruction

Sports tourism It is more of a team sport than a solo one. Teamwork develops a sense of mutual assistance and mutual assistance, discipline, the need to transfer experience and knowledge. Sports trips develop the horizons of a person, allow you to get acquainted with the culture and life of the peoples of different countries, their sights and various parts of nature. Unlike many other sports, tourism does not involve significant financial costs.

In a sports campaign, each team member must fulfill his role. Therefore, in advance, by common agreement, various positions are assigned to everyone. For example: captain (leader), medic, navigator, household and equipment managers, mechanic, meteorologist, treasurer, chronicler-photographer and others. In small groups, one person, as a rule, combines several positions. Experienced tourists have the skills necessary for each position and can replace a sick friend at any time.

The equipment is selected depending on the nature of the proposed trip, the distance, the complexity of the route and mainly includes special clothing and shoes. They put on jackets and trousers made of waterproof material, take warm clothes, gloves, thermal underwear, a supply of underwear, comfortable and practical shoes. Necessarily - or awnings, ropes and carabiners, lanterns with batteries, campfire accessories and camping utensils, portable burners, navigation and communications equipment. From special equipment, if necessary, they take mountain, ski or bicycle shoes, wetsuits, goggles and helmets, climbing equipment, snowshoes, pack animals, technical transport: kayaks and catamarans, skis, bicycles, cars, motorcycles.

Each tourist must be able to provide first aid in a qualified manner, evacuate the victim, be able to choose a place and set up a camp or parking lot on it, use ropes in various situations, overcome water obstacles and other obstacles. Have survival skills in extreme situations: spend the night in the snow, work with insufficient food or when separated from the group, provide self-help for injuries and injuries, use improvised means as equipment. Skills in making a fire and preparing camp food, repairing equipment, orienteering and navigation are very useful. Additional skills can be: knowledge of the language of local residents, skills in hunting and fishing, handling animals and equipment, engineering knowledge, knowledge in geography, biology and zoology.

Depending on the complexity and duration, sports trips are divided into several types. Weekend hikes are designed for 1-2 days and are needed for training beginners, keeping fit and for a joint cultural and recreational weekend in nature. In children's and youth tourism, trips are designed for 1-3 category of difficulty. For adults, the number of categories depends on the type of tourism. And there are a lot of them: hiking, skiing, water, mountain, caving (traveling through the caves), sailing, car and motorcycle tourism, horse and cycling tourism. All categories of difficulty are described in detail in the "Classification of sports routes"

To receive a category in sports tourism, a tourist or a group of tourists needs to develop a route of a certain category of complexity and register it with the route qualification commission, which confirms the declared complexity and gives permission. After the completion of the trip, the leader of the group assigns a detailed report on the passage of the route and the commission, based on the consideration of materials, assigns to all members of the group. In total, there are 3 youth and 3 adult categories, the title of candidate master of sports, master of sports and honored master of sports. The last titles are awarded by judges at the All-Russian sports and tourism competitions.

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Ministry of Education and Sciences of the Russian Federation

Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov

Department of Physical Education and Sports

Report on the topic:

"Sports tourism"

Belgorod 2012

Sportsmoutdoor tourmgp-- a sport based on competitions on routes that include overcoming obstacles categorized by difficulty in the natural environment (roads and trails with various surfaces and off-road, crossings, passes, peaks, rapids, canyons, caves, etc.), and on distances laid in the natural environment and on artificial terrain.

Sports tourism (ST) in Russia and a number of neighboring countries is a sport with a long tradition. It includes not only the sports component, but also a special spiritual sphere, and the way of life of the wanderers themselves. Non-commercial clubs of tourists (tour clubs) are still the centers for the development of sports tourism, although many tourists are engaged in it on their own. The sport "Sports tourism" is included in the All-Russian register of sports under the number 0840005411Я (2006-2009).

Currently MSMK titles and ZMS for sports tourism are not assigned, the rest of the qualifying sports ranks and ranks up to MS are assigned on the territory of Russia.

In addition, ST has specialized professional titles associated with the right to carry out professional commercial or teaching activities in the field of sports tourism: guide-guide, instructor (senior instructor, instructor international class) sports tourism.

As in other official sports, in sports tourism there is an organized and professional refereeing, whose activities are regulated by relevant regulatory documents. By gaining refereeing experience and undergoing appropriate professional training (schools, seminars), judges acquire the appropriate judicial titles. At the same time, a certain feature of refereeing in ST is that the remuneration of sports judges is small, or refereeing is carried out on voluntary. Many of the judges are themselves sports tourists with extensive experience and significant sports achievements. Sports referees in ST, without exaggeration, are respected, honorary representatives of the sports community of ST.

Many sports tourists are also involved in related sports: orienteering (running and cycling), multisport, rock climbing, mountaineering, rafting, mountain biking (amateur cross-country), skiing (marathons), yachting, etc. Sports tourists are, including a reserve for the training of rescuers in the natural environment.

Sports tourism, primarily sports trips, is a team sport in which traditions of mutual assistance and mutual assistance are strong, sports discipline, self-improvement and mutual transfer of knowledge and experience.

Passion for sports tourism allows you to get acquainted with the culture and life of various countries and peoples, with wonderful and often even unique corners of nature, interesting sights, enjoy communication, and find reliable comrades.

Participation in sports trips the initial categories of complexity and in competitions at distances, as a rule, does not require significant financial costs, at the same time it allows you to get the necessary basic skills and enjoy participation in hiking and competitions.

Engaging in sports tourism, as a complex sport carried out in a complex natural and social environment, of course, carries certain risks and requires the athlete to have versatile knowledge, skills, experience and good physical, technical and psychological preparation.

In large cities of Russia there are many sports organizations sports tourism and amateur tourism clubs, which, among other things, conduct tourism training schools (initial, basic, specialized and advanced levels (the latter are intended for sports tourism instructors)). Education in such schools is desirable, although not mandatory for tourism.

Among the main functional positions in a sports trip, in addition to the official position of the head of the tourist group, one can list the deputy head of the group (can be appointed if necessary), the head (captain) of the rafting facility or sports vessel, the physician, the navigator, the head of the household (supply manager), the head of the equipment ( zavsnar), mechanic (remmaster), meteorologist, treasurer, timekeeper, chronicler, photographer, etc. flexible, because all tourists in the group must possess, to one degree or another, various basic skills and provide mutual assistance whenever necessary. In small groups, one person combines various positions.

Equipment in sports tourism depends on its type and includes special clothing and footwear (storm jackets and trousers, windproof, insulated, self-dumping, etc., thermal underwear, gloves, trekking, ski, mountain or trekking-bike shoes, shoe covers, bicycle uniforms, wet and dry suits, neoprene shoes or socks, goggles of various types, etc.), helmets or hard hats, ropes, carabiners, etc. devices (alpenstocks, ice axes, crampons, walking sticks, snowshoes, etc.), campfire accessories and camping utensils, multi-fuel burners, navigation and communications equipment, as well as technical equipment and inventory by type (catamarans and other rafting aids, skis, bicycles , cars, backpacks of various types, life jackets, cargo mini-sleds, etc.).

The main skills of a tourist include: providing first aid, organizing and conducting the evacuation of victims, skills in choosing a place and setting up a camp and temporary parking lots, working with ropes and technical means of guiding crossings, insurance, etc., traffic techniques and overcoming obstacles of a different nature organization of the order of movement and other actions in the group, survival in extreme conditions (for example, spending the night in the snow, working with insufficient food, actions in extreme weather conditions, actions in case of loss of contact with the group, self-help, use of improvised means as equipment and etc.), compiling menus and food layouts in a sports trip, making and maintaining a fire, cooking, repairing equipment, orienteering and navigation, psychological work and conflict resolution, managing various works and actions in extreme situations. Additional useful skills include knowledge of the language of the hiking area or a common language, skills in related tourism and sports, skills in hunting and fishing, handling animals and various equipment, useful knowledge in the field of geography, flora and fauna, skills of a negotiator, storyteller, general engineering ingenuity, etc.

Types of sports tourism

The types of sports tourism are:

Hiking - movement on the route is carried out mainly on foot;

ski tourism - movement on the route is carried out mainly on skis;

· mountain tourism- hiking in high mountains;

· water tourism - rafting on the rivers, depending on the category, the rivers are usually mountainous;

speleotourism - travel through underground cavities;

sailing tourism - travel on ships under sail on the sea or water areas of large lakes;

· on means of transportation - a section that includes cycling, horse riding and auto-motor travel;

· combined tourism - travel, combining elements of various types of tourism;

By age-social On the basis of sports tourism is divided into:

children's tourism;

youth tourism;

· adult tourism;

· family tourism;

tourism for people with disabilities.

IN last years the following have been actively developed directions of sports tourism:

travel (including solo travel);

· extreme tourism;

distance discipline;

Discipline distance indoors on artificial terrain;

short routes in the class of sports hikes.

Route classification

Depending on the difficulty of the obstacles to be overcome, the area of ​​the hike, autonomy, novelty, length of the route and a number of other factors characteristic of different types of sports tourism, according to increasing complexity, hikes are divided into:

Weekend hikes

· hikes 1 - 3 degrees of difficulty - in youth tourism;

sports category trips. IN different types tourism, the number of categories of complexity is different: in hiking, mountain, water, skiing, cycling and speleotourism - six categories of complexity (c. s.); in automoto and sailing tourism - five; in the horse - three.

This division is given in more detail in the Unified All-Russian Sports Classification of Tourist Routes (EVSKTM). The route qualification commissions are public expert (certification) bodies that carry out conclusions on the categorization of routes, confirmation of the compliance of the qualifications of participants and the leader with the declared category of complexity of the route. sports tourism route competition

Ranks and titles in sports tourism

The category of a tourist-athlete makes it possible to judge his sports qualification, expressed in the ability to pass routes of certain categories of difficulty.

To obtain a sports category in tourism, before passing the route, the group needs to register it and obtain permission from the route qualification commission (MKK). After the end of the hike, a report is submitted to the ICC, on the basis of which the materials are considered, and in case of a positive decision, categories are assigned to the participants and the leader.

According to the "Class requirements for sports tourism for 2001-2004" categories can be assigned (in ascending order of sportsmanship):

· badge "Tourist of Russia" - tourists who have reached the age of 12 are awarded;

3rd youth category;

2nd youth category;

1st youth category;

· 3rd category;

· 2nd category;

· 1st category;

Candidate Master of Sports (CMS);

Master of Sports of Russia (MS);

Master of sports of international class (MSMK).

Tourist and sports competitions

Tourist and sports competition- this is the movement of a person alone or as part of a group in the natural environment on any technical means and without them. "TSS" are held in two groups of disciplines: 1. "Routes" - directly hikes and sports tours (according to the category of difficulty); 2. "Distances" - the former "tourist all-around" - depending on the complexity of the stages, they are divided into classes from 1 to 6. The distance class conditionally corresponds to the complexity category of the corresponding trip.

Competitions are usually held separately for each type of tourism. It is allowed to conduct competitions at combined distances.

By socio-age competition factors are divided into:

family;

children;

youthful;

student,

youth;

Adults

Among the elderly

among veterans;

· mixed-age;

among boys and/or girls;

among men and/or women;

among the disabled.

Organizational structure

Amateur movement of tourists chasing sports goals, organizationally represented by tourist groups (teams) and clubs of tourists at the place of residence, sections of sports tourism - at the first and second levels of self-organization. On federal level The head self-government body for tourist athletes is the Tourist and Sports Union of Russia, located in Moscow.

History of sports tourism

· In 1949 included in the Unified All-Union Sports Classification.

· In 1970, competitions for the best hiking trip were organized for the first time.

Sociology of tourism

Due to the availability of sports and health tourism, children are involved, as well as all segments of the population, among which are youth, students, intellectuals, teachers, doctors, businessmen, state and municipal employees.

Conclusion

Thus, summing up, in order to create optimal conditions in the country for the implementation of an effective sports tourism complex that can involve as many Russian citizens as possible in the sports tourism movement and realize modern technology active rest aimed at social adaptation, spiritual and physical improvement of the individual, a concept was developed, which is the basis for the development of a set of measures for the development of sports and recreational tourism, involving the unification of the efforts of the federal executive and legislative authorities, the authorities of the subjects Russian Federation, local governments, tourist and sports public associations, all interested organizations, as well as individual citizens.

It is also necessary to say about the social significance of sports tourism, since, unlike other sports, sports tourism requires minimal costs, since training process and the routes themselves pass in the natural environment, expensive stadiums and special sports halls are not required.

Sports tourism is not only a national sport, it is a social movement that unites sports, spirituality, patriotism, the slogan of which is "Spirituality-Sport-Nature".

Sports tourism refers to a social sport, it is carried out by segments of the population that do not have large incomes - youth, students, intellectuals, teachers, doctors.

The public nature of the relationship in tourism I demand from the participants of collectivism, mutual assistance, self-sacrifice in the name of a common goal, educates spirituality. Therefore, speaking of sports tourism, we are talking about the education of patriotism, courage, citizenship. Sports tourism has a pronounced military-applied significance.

Sports tourism is also an effective means of environmental education.

Sports tourism is an effective counteraction to drug addiction, drunkenness and delinquency. Example: sports camps and trips with troubled teenagers are very effective.

Sports tourism is sports trips, trips in the natural environment associated with the passage of categorized (i.e. having a certain category of difficulty from simple 1 to 6 of the highest difficulty) obstacles. Currently popular among young people extreme views classes. Sports tourism offers such a proposal.

List of used literature

1. Abukov A.Kh. "Tourism at a new stage: social aspects of tourism development in Russia". - M.: Profizdat, 1983. - 277 p.

2. Azar V.I. "Economics and organization of tourism". - M.: Enlightenment, 2007 - 344s.

3. Alekseev A. "Sports tourism in Russia: problems of formation and development" Parliamentary newspaper. - 86. - August 8, 2004.

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Sports tourism is considered not only as a sport, but also as a form of human activity in various life conditions - from outdoor activities to the professional sphere.

Keywords: kind of sport, sports tourism, route, refereeing.

Sports tourism was previously considered as a fashionable hobby for young people, then sports tourism was positioned in the health services market as an area of ​​active recreation for the population. Recently, sports tourism has become increasingly important in the professional field.

Purpose: to consider sports tourism not only as a sport, but also as a form of human activity in various life conditions - from outdoor activities to the professional sphere.

Problem: lack of sufficient information and promotion of this sport. There is a need for young people to engage in this sport. We need a program with a clear mechanism for the implementation of this sport. The participation of beginners and professionals are completely different things. Those who want to engage in this type of tourism do not know where to start and do not have a sufficient level physical training, which is necessary for this particular sport.

Moreover, for a certain part of the population, this sport should be positioned as a form of professional and active recreation.

Sports tourism is a kind of sport based on competitions on routes that include overcoming obstacles categorized by difficulty in the natural environment (roads and trails with various surfaces and off-road, crossings, passes, peaks, rapids, canyons, caves, etc.), on distances laid in the natural environment and on artificial terrain. The route, route, with certain places is set.

This is the preparation and sports travel in order to overcome the extended space wildlife on skis (ski tourism), by means of rafting (water tourism) or on foot in the mountains (mountain tourism).

There are two types of sports tourism: active and passive. With an active form of tourism, the basis is the need to practice some kind of sport. When passive - this is an interest in a sport, observation.

Sports tourism is a traditional form of activity. New forms of sports tourism have significantly revived it in recent times.

This is a sport, the main meaning of which is the passage of a certain distance in a certain time with a certain set of obstacles in natural conditions with a high degree of autonomy. Sports tourism includes the following types of tourism: hiking, mountain tourism, cycling, water tourism, skiing, horseback riding, autotourism, speleotourism.

Sports trips are divided into categories of difficulty: from the 1st - the simplest (you need to walk 100 km in at least 6 days in hiking) to the 6th category - the most difficult. If the 1st and 2nd categories of difficulty are suitable for people in normal physical shape, then for the 3rd and above you already need to be in excellent sportswear, have good stamina, knowledge and high moral character. Not everyone can withstand the daily hard physical labor at the limit of their capabilities in a close team and when every drop of comfort goes to work, while maintaining a positive attitude and, first of all, thinking about a friend. In sports tourism, sports categories are assigned up to the master of sports.

In sports tourism there are specialized professional titles associated with the right to carry out professional or teaching activities in the field of sports tourism: guide, instructor (senior instructor, international class instructor) of sports tourism. As in other official sports, in sports tourism there is an organized and professional refereeing, whose activities are regulated by relevant regulatory documents. By gaining refereeing experience and undergoing the necessary professional training (schools, seminars), judges acquire the appropriate judicial titles up to a judge of the All-Russian category. At the same time, a certain feature of refereeing in sports tourism is that the remuneration of sports judges is small or refereeing is carried out on a voluntary basis. Many of the judges themselves are tourists - athletes with extensive experience and significant sporting achievements. Sports judges in sports tourism, without exaggeration, are respected, honorary representatives of the sports community.

It should be noted that many tourists are also involved in related sports: orienteering and multisport, rock climbing, mountaineering, rafting, mountain biking, skiing, yachting and other outdoor activities and sports. Tourists are a reserve for the training of rescuers in the natural environment.

Sports tourism - primarily sports trips - is a team sport in which traditions of mutual assistance and mutual assistance, sports discipline, self-improvement and mutual transfer of knowledge and experience are strong. Passion for sports tourism allows you to get acquainted with the culture and life of various countries and peoples, with wonderful and often even unique corners of nature, interesting sights, enjoy communication, and make reliable friends.

Participation in sports hikes of the initial categories of complexity and in competitions at distances, as a rule, does not require significant financial costs, at the same time it allows you to get the necessary basic skills and enjoy participation in hikes and competitions. Engaging in sports tourism as a complex sport carried out in a complex natural and social environment, of course, carries certain risks and requires the athlete to have versatile knowledge, skills, experience and good physical, technical and psychological preparation.

In large cities of Russia there are many sports tourism organizations and amateur tourist clubs, which, among other things, conduct schools for the training of tourist personnel. Education in such schools is desirable, although not mandatory for tourism. That is why sports tourism is divided into its different types: cycling, mountain, water, walking and others. Combinations of these types are possible. But in any form, the main thing is the competitive component.

More and more people want to engage in sports tourism. Moreover, this desire does not depend on social status, age and occupation. Sports tourism is the most democratic kind of sport, commensurate physical needs with material possibilities.

Many people who want to join this sport do not know where to start so as not to harm their health.

In Krasnodar, sports tourism is developed - mountain, hiking, caving, water, skiing is gaining popularity. Alpinism and rock climbing exist in small professional groups.

Conclusion. It should be noted that some types of sports tourism are not only traumatic, but also dangerous to human life in general. Therefore, the occupation of such types of tourism should be carried out with specialists and in special equipment. Moreover, professionals can be engaged in certain areas to perform vital tasks and improve professional skills.

Bibliography

1. Alekseeva, O. V. Professional and sports training of students in sports and health tourism / O. V. Alekseeva // Uchen. app. un-ta im. P. F. Lesgaft. - 2012. - No. 7 (89). — S. 12-17.
2. Bondarenko, A.V., Bondarenko G.V., Ekon. and humanitarian. research regions. - 2015. - No. 6. - S. 99-101.
3. Grineva, T. I., Taran L. N. Assessment of the level of readiness of boys aged 10-12 years under the influence of sports tourism. education and sports. - 2012. - No. 1. - S. 49-52.
4. Dolgopolov, L.P. Methods of rock preparation on artificial terrain (climbing walls) in sports mountain tourism at the stage initial training/ L. P. Dolgopolov, A. I. Kuznetsov // Resorts. Service. Tourism. - 2013. - No. 1 (18). - S. 80-83.
5. Ivanov, V. D. sports law: concept, subject, sources, problems and development prospects / V. D. Ivanov, A. A. Orekhova, M. M. Rakitin // Education and science in modern times. conditions. - 2016. - No. 4 (9). - S. 257-261.
6. Ovchinnikov, Yu. D. Pedagogical and ergonomic biomechanics at school / Yu. D. Ovchinnikov // Health-saving education: modern factors of development: collective. monograph. - Samara, 2016. - S. 39-51.
7. Ovchinnikov, Yu. D. Biomechanics of sports in the system of movements / Yu. D. Ovchinnikov // Prospects for the development of science and education: Sat. scientific tr. according to the materials of the International scientific-practical. conf. - M., 2014. - S. 127-129.
8. Ovchinnikov, Yu. D. Academic subject and its structural and functional orientation / Yu. D. Ovchinnikov // Materials of scientific and scientific and methodological conferences of the faculty of the Kuban State University physical education, sports and tourism. - Krasnodar, 2016. - T. 1. - S. 156-158.
9. Roleder, L. N. Features of sports tourism at the university / L. N. Roleder // Young scientist. - 2016. - No. 5 (109). - S. 772-774.
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For citation: Ovchinnikov, Yu. D. Sports tourism as a kind of sport and form of activity / Yu. D. Ovchinnikov, S. N. Talyzov // Physical culture. Sport. Tourism. Motor recreation. - 2017. - V. 2, No. 2. - S. 117-120.

The article reveals the characteristic features of sports tourism as a specific type of tourism activity. A comparison is made of sports tourism as a type of tourism activity and sports tourism as a sport, a characteristic is given to both types of sports tourism.

ESSENCE AND CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF SPORTS TOURISM AS A SPECIFIC TYPE OF TOURIST ACTIVITY

Badalyants Sergey Viktorovich,

Don State Technical University

Associate Professor of the Department of Service, Tourism and Hospitality Industry

Rostov-on-Don, Russia,

E -mail: [email protected]

THE NATURE AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPORTS TOURISM AS A SPECIFIC FORM OF TOURIST ACTIVITIES

Badaliants Sergey Viktorovich,

Associate Professor of the Department of "Service, Tourism and Hospitality Industry" of the Don State Technical University,

Rostov-on-Don, Russia

E-mail: [email protected]

ANNOTATION:

The article reveals the characteristic features of sports tourism as a specific type of tourism activity. A comparison is made of sports tourism as a type of tourism activity and sports tourism as a sport, a description is given of both types of sports tourism.

ABSTRACT:

T he article describes the characteristic features of sport tourism, as a specific type of tourist activity. A comparison of sport tourism as tourist activity and sports tourism as a sport, is a characteristic of both types of sports tourism.

Keywords: tourism, sports tourism, sports, competitions, Russian tourism.

key words: tourism, sports tourism, sport, events, Russian tourism.

Tourism as a diverse phenomenon includes a large number of forms and types. A large number of types of tourism creates great opportunities for the development of tourism activities in the country. The most important view tourism is sports. The importance of developing this type of tourism activity is beyond doubt, since sports tourism solves two major tasks:

Contributes to meeting the needs of the population in tourism products;

Stimulates the development of sports, increase physical activity population and, as a result, improve the health of citizens.

Currently, there is no consensus among researchers regarding the definition of sports tourism. Different authors give different meanings to this category, while the existing definitions can be divided into two large groups:

Sports tourism as a sport

Sports tourism as a form of tourism activity.

Proponents of the first approach (for example, Birzhakov M.B., Kazakov N.P.) define sports tourism as a sport based on competitions on routes that include overcoming categorized obstacles in the natural environment (passes, peaks (in mountain tourism), thresholds (in water tourism), canyons, caves, etc.), and at distances laid in the natural environment and on artificial relief. The main feature of sports tourism as a sport is that it is focused primarily on athletes or people with good physical shape. The purpose of sports tourism as a sport is to overcome natural obstacles by applying various tactics and technology. Makarenko V.S. adheres to a similar point of view, defining the main task of sports tourism as providing an opportunity (during the entire tour) to engage in the chosen sport.

Supporters of the second approach (for example Safronov R.A. and Avagyan G.K.) give such a definition. Sports tourism is a type of tourism associated with physical activity and the organization of non-standard tours to exotic and environmentally friendly natural reservations and includes unusual travel, non-traditional vehicles. In our opinion, this definition is too narrow, since it does not include a large number of forms of sports tourism. In addition, sports tourism is not necessarily associated with tours to ecologically clean and exotic natural reservations. For example, one of the very popular types sports tourism - cycling can take place along the highway, through city blocks, etc.

In our opinion, according to the second approach, sports tourism is a form of tourism activity associated with the preparation and conduct of sports trips, visiting tourist places that involve a stable physical activity for the tourist, or attending sports entertainment events.

Based on this definition, the following two types of sports tourism can be distinguished as forms of tourism activities:

Active sports tourism, the main feature of which is a stable physical activity for the tourist and his direct participation in a sporting event.

Passive sports tourism (sports and event tourism), associated with visiting sports events by a tourist.

In addition, the differences between sports tourism, as a form of tourism activity, lie in the fact that when doing sports tourism, as a sport, high demands are made on the physical fitness of a person. The only exceptions are some types of sports tourism, such as hiking, where such requirements are not always put forward. With sports tourism as a form of tourism activity, such high requirements are not imposed, since the main goal of sports tourism, as a form of tourism activity, is precisely to get new impressions, as well as to maintain a good physical form. That is, the consumer of a tourist product in the field of sports tourism does not strive to achieve victory in any sports competition, he is more interested in new experiences, as well as his own physical form. In addition, for tourists attending sports events, the goal of maintaining physical fitness is not at all relevant when choosing a tourism product.

You can also highlight another important feature of sports tourism as a sport - this is competition. Competitiveness (competitiveness) is the most important feature sports activities. "A characteristic feature of sports activity is that competitive wrestling is presented in it in the purest form" . If we turn to the definitions of the concept of "sport", then in almost any of them there will be a corresponding indication: "Competition is one of the main and integral features of sports activities or" A characteristic feature of sports is that it is inconceivable without competitions and competitions, etc. d. and so on. In this case, indeed, sport can be interpreted as actually competitive activity, a specific form of which is the competition system. A system that has historically developed mainly in the field of physical culture of society as a special area for identifying and unified comparison of human capabilities.

For sports tourism, as a type of tourism activity, competitiveness is not a defining feature, it may be absent altogether. Sports tourism involves overcoming hiking, cycling, skiing and other routes, while their goal is to get new experiences, and not to win in a certain competition. Tours can take place in one team, or they can be carried out by one person, while the tourist in this case does not compete with anyone, and the goal of overcoming the tourist route in a certain time will not be decisive either.

The competitive nature of sports tourism, as a sport, predetermines its rather risky nature. So Ovchinnikov Yu.D. and Talyzov S.N. quite rightly note that "engaging in sports tourism as a complex sport carried out in a complex natural and social environment, of course, carries certain risks and requires the athlete to have versatile knowledge, skills, experience and good physical, technical and psychological preparation" .

Many types of sports tourism are extreme, and therefore the level of risks increases significantly. Extreme tourism, which is singled out by many researchers in independent form tourism is not so much entertaining as a "test" journey: tourists are rather busy with self-knowledge and self-affirmation.

Sports tourism, as a form of tourism activity, in turn, carries fewer risks, which are associated with a lower value or no competition at all when passing tourist routes. In turn, passive sports tourism does not carry the risk of injury at all, since it consists in passive observation of sports events.

Thus, we can distinguish the following differences between sports tourism as a sport and as a form of tourism activity.

Table 1. Comparative characteristics of sports tourism as a sport and as a specific type of tourism

signs	Sports tourism as a sport	Sports tourism as a specific type of tourism
Subject's participation in a sporting event	Direct involvement	Both direct participation and participation as a spectator at a sporting event are possible
competitiveness	Adversarial nature	May be adversarial or non-adversarial
primary goal	overcoming natural obstacles through the use of various tactics and techniques.	obtaining new impressions and maintaining the physical form of a tourist (for active sports tourism)
Physical fitness requirements		High (for active sports tourism) and no requirements (for passive sports tourism)
Injury hazard		High (for active sports tourism) and low (for passive sports tourism)

Thus, the analysis testifies to the qualitative differences between sports tourism as a sport and sports tourism as a specific type of tourism. Understanding the data is very important for the development of sports tourism as a form of tourism activity in the country, since this species tourism has huge potential. Hosting major international sports competitions in Russia, such as the 2014 Winter Olympics, Summer Universiade in Kazan in 2013, the upcoming 2018 FIFA World Cup provide a surge of public interest in sports in general and sports tourism in particular. The use of this interest in order to popularize sports, a healthy lifestyle, as well as the development of sports tourism in the country should become one of the main tasks of the state.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Badalyants S.V. Prospects for the development of rural tourism in the Rostov region// In the collection: Modern concepts of the development of science Collection of proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. Managing editor: Sukiasyan Asatur Albertovich. 2015. S. 106-109.

Badalyants S.V. Rural tourism as a factor in the development of rural areas in the region//Rostov scientific journal. 2017. No. 7. S. 47-54.

Birzhakov M.B., Kazakov N.P. Tourism safety. - St. Petersburg: Gerd Publishing House, 2008. - 208 p.

Visit N.N. social nature modern sports. - Chisinau: Shtiintsa, 1979. - 84 p.

Makarenko V.S., Sobodyr A.V. The specifics of the development of sports tourism in the Rostov region//Fundamental and applied Scientific research. Materials of the international scientific-practical conference. Managing editor A.A. Zaraisky. 2017. S. 116-119.

Matveev L.P. Generalizing theory of physical culture at the current stage of its formation // Theory and practice of physical culture. - 2009. - No. 9. - P. 16-17.

Ovchinnikov, Yu. D. Sports tourism as a kind of sport and a form of activity / Yu. D. Ovchinnikov, S. N. Talyzov // Physical culture. Sport. Tourism. Motor recreation. -2017. - T. 2, No. 2. - S. 117-120.

Safronov R.A., Avagyan G.K. Sports tourism as a specific type of tourism// Innovative economy and modern management. 2015. No. 3 (4). - P. 44-48.

Chapter 1. Characteristics of sports tourism as a sport

The conditions for overcoming obstacles are also diverse: climatic, meteorological, alpine, etc. When overcoming natural obstacles, various equipment and tactics, various means of transportation and security.

Overcoming natural obstacles requires different time and intensity of work of the tourist-athlete. Tourist work in this case is a combination of physical and technical actions sports tourist. It has a certain similarity with physical exercises, taken as the fundamental principle in the theory and methodology of physical education, but is much wider in content. Tourist work has a certain, different from exercise structure. Its structural basis is the actions of a tourist-athlete aimed at overcoming natural obstacles with minimal effort and maximum security.

Certain restrictions on the minimization of efforts and the maximum level of safety are associated with the nature of the obstacles and the conditions for overcoming them, and therefore, in each specific case, an optimization problem must be solved. For example, when passing a complex rocky terrain, it is required to use perfect rock technique and provide reliable insurance. The optimal solution to this problem is possible when operating at moderate power. Both slow and accelerated passage of difficult rocky terrain in marching conditions can lead to a loss of the necessary level of safety.

In theory sports training(Matveev L.P., 1991) the fundamental principles are actually competitive exercises (often identical to the concept of "sport") and training forms of competitive exercises. Competitive exercises are considered as holistic actions (including complex sets of actions), which serve as a means of conducting wrestling and are performed in the same composition as in the conditions of competitions in chosen kind sports. In this sense, the main elements of tourist work can be considered competitive exercises, taking into account the peculiarities of the training forms of such exercises and the peculiarities of their use in the preparation of tourist athletes. In sports tourism, these exercises are diverse. They can be both speed-strength, and actually power, and complex-coordinated. They can have relatively stable and variable forms depending on the situational conditions. At the same time, complexly coordinated exercises form the basis of the tourism technique in overcoming natural obstacles.

Sports tourism refers to sports that are characterized by active motor activity with the manifestation of physical and volitional qualities. It can be attributed to complex (mixed) sports such as all-around. An athlete-tourist must have a specific all-round special tourist endurance.

In hiking trips there is many hours of work of a cyclic nature, associated, for example, with long movements along the trail with backpacks. This work is usually of moderate power. There is also acyclic work in tourism when overcoming various natural obstacles. Basically, this work is also of moderate power, although some parts of it are in the zones of high, submaximal and maximum powers.

A characteristic of athletes' readiness for loads can be data on heart rate during bicycle ergometry in 18 masters of sports in mountaineering aged 28 to 48 years, shown in Table. 1 (Gazenko O.G., 1987).

The table shows the individual and average group values ​​of the studied parameters at different physical loads of the submaximal level. Physical exercise tolerance was regarded as good, i.e., the response of all ECG parameters was adequate to the work performed, and their normalization was almost completed by the end of the 10-minute recovery period for all indicators, except for heart rate, which remained approximately 30% higher than the initial level.

The average amount of work performed per person in the group with a pulse rate of about 150 bpm was 17458 + 920 (11250-25050) kgm, the amount of work per 1 kg of the subject's weight was 244.0 + 11.0 (156.3- 321.2) kgm/kg, minute oxygen consumption during this period on average for the group was 3096 ± 54 (2750-3568) ml/min, oxygen consumption per minute per 1 kg of weight -43.5 + 1.04 (36, 8-51.7) ml/kg, and the oxygen consumption for performing 1 kgm of work is -2.33 ± 0.04 (2.00 - 2.62) ml/kgm.

The results of this survey revealed the presence high level performance in this group of athletes preparing for the Himalayan expedition.

From the experience of ski trips higher categories difficulty and ascents within the framework of the USSR championships (Fedotov Yu.N., 1985), it can be concluded that the model characteristics physical activity, in sports tourism ( mountain view) and mountaineering are almost the same. Therefore, both the preparation and readiness of athletes in these formally different sports are almost identical.

The data given in table. 1 can serve as a model in the preparation of tourist-athletes for complex hiking trips in any type of sports tourism, although they most adequately reflect the specifics of mountain tourism.

These data also make it possible to estimate average value maximum oxygen consumption (MOC) of tourists-athletes as a model characteristic. The value of the IPC (in ml per minute per 1 kg of weight) reliably characterizes physical performance a person and is the basis for determining the maximum aerobic power. IPC estimates exist in various types sports and fluctuate, according to V.L. Karpman, from maximum to cross-country skiing on long distances(in men - 77 ± 3) to the minimum in throwers in athletics(43±1).

Tentatively, the value of the IPC of tourists-athletes can be determined on the basis of the well-known statement that well-trained athletes with a heart rate of 150 bpm have an average oxygen consumption of 65% of the IPC (Chepik V.D.). In this case, it is not difficult to estimate the model characteristic of the IPC of tourists-athletes, equal to 66.9 + 1 (56.6-79.5), which is comparable in terms of the average value with the IPC of athletes involved in race walking and rowing, and to the maximum - with cross-country skiing.

Table 1 - Heart rate (bpm) with bicycle ergometry

	Examined	Load steps, kgm/min

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