Lfk decoding. Therapeutic physical culture: what is it and who needs it

Therapeutic Physical Culture (exercise therapy) - a treatment method consisting in the application of physical exercises and natural factors of nature to a sick person for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. This method is based on the use of the main biological function of the body - movement. The method of strictly dosed exercises against the background of correct breathing.

The term "physiotherapy exercises" primarily denotes a branch of medicine that studies the treatment and prevention of diseases by methods of physical education (usually in combination with physiotherapy procedures and massage).

However target the use of these funds treatment or prevention of disease. As you know, the goal of physical education is to educate a healthy person, and sport is to achieve results. Therapeutic physical education performs not only a therapeutic, but also an educational function. It brings up a conscious attitude to the use of physical exercises, instills hygienic skills, introduces natural factors of nature to hardening the body. In this exercise therapy is in close contact with pedagogy and hygiene. Exercise therapy develops strength, endurance, coordination of movements, instills hygiene skills, hardens the body. At present, no one doubts that physiotherapy exercises are an obligatory and necessary component of all sections of modern practical medicine, especially traumatology, orthopedics and neurology. However, this was not always the case, and physical therapy has come a long way before taking its place in modern healthcare.

Means, forms and methods of exercise therapy

Main therapeutic method L FC is physiotherapy, that is, physical exercises specially selected for treatment. Main means exercise therapy - physical exercise used in accordance with the objectives of treatment, taking into account the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, the functional state of the body, and general physical performance.

The form of physical therapy is the organizational form within which the means of physical therapy are used and the methods of exercise therapy are carried out.

Methods (techniques) of exercise therapy, in fact, are the tasks of exercise therapy. The name of the exercise therapy technique indicates the disease or pathological condition in which this method is used. For example, “Exercise therapy for arthrosis of the hip joint in the form of individual morning exercises” or “Exercise therapy for chronic coronary heart disease in the form of group exercise therapy”, or “Teaching walking with a cane in the form of individual exercise therapy”.

Physical therapy means are effective therapeutic factors, such as gymnastic physical exercises, physical exercises in water, walking, gym workouts…

Table 1. Classification of means, forms and methods of exercise therapy.

Forms of exercise therapy

Means of exercise therapy

Methods of exercise therapy

The method of conducting exercise therapy

morning exercises

Physiotherapy

Dosed walking

Industrial gymnastics

Therapeutic swimming.

Hydrokinesitherapy.

Mechanotherapy.

Occupational therapy, teaching household skills and walking.

Games, sport games.

Tourism.

Terrencourt.

Physical exercise.

Physical exercise in the water.

Walking.

Climbing

Training on simulators.

Swimming

in diseases of the musculoskeletal system (exercise therapy with coxarthrosis, in case of violation posture, at osteochondrosis, scoliosis…);

with diseases of the cardiovascular system;

with diseases of the respiratory system;

with diseases of the digestive system;

in case of violation posture;

with injuries;

during operations on the chest;

during pregnancy;

learning to walk with a cane...

Lessons with an exercise therapy instructor (individual, small group and group lessons)

Self-study - physical training

Usually, a combination of various forms and means of exercise therapy is used to treat a particular disease. For example, for the treatment of osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, exercise therapy is prescribed in the form of daily morning exercises, in the form of industrial gymnastics, in the form of dosed walking classes, and for teaching corrective exercises and monitoring the correctness of their implementation, the form of exercise therapy is used (for example, in a clinic) 1 time per week . For functional disorders nervous system exercise therapy is prescribed in the form of near tourism (for example, in a sanatorium), while using a variety of exercise therapy tools: walking, swimming, training on simulators. Classes on simulators can be an independent form conducting exercise therapy. For example, exercising on an exercise bike with excess weight. Forms, means and methods of exercise therapy are presented in table. 1.

The main forms of exercise therapy are: morning hygienic gymnastics, therapeutic gymnastics procedure, physical exercises in water ( hydrocolonotherapy), walks, close tourism, health run, various sports-applied exercises, mobile and sports games. Therapeutic physical culture is also used in the form of industrial gymnastics. Everyone finds the most convenient form for themselves. For example, in the USA, shaping is wittily used in large stores (supermarkets) for therapeutic purposes, using walking with a cart as a means of exercise therapy (for example, exercise therapy for the treatment of arthrosis of the ankle joint is a technique).

For children, exercise therapy is used in the form of a game, directing the motor activity of children in the right direction. For example, playing ball on the river bank is associated with the need to walk and run on uneven ground and sand. This is the therapeutic factor - an exercise therapy tool, which is used in the exercise therapy technique for flat feet. In adolescence, it is advisable to involve children in game types sports or sports locomotion. For example, therapeutic swimming for scoliosis, elements of athletics for postural disorders, or equestrianism for the treatment of cerebral palsy. It is difficult to dose the load and focus on the movements that determine the therapeutic effect, excluding unnecessary and harmful ones, but with the participation of a doctor and a specialist in the field physical education And sports it is quite possible.

Healing Fitness

Healing Fitness(exercise therapy) - a treatment method consisting in the application of physical exercises and natural factors of nature to a sick person for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. This method is based on the use of the main biological function of the body - movement. The method of strictly dosed exercises against the background of correct breathing.

The term therapeutic physical culture (or exercise therapy) refers to a variety of concepts. This includes breathing exercises after a major operation, learning to walk after an injury, and developing movements in a joint after removing a plaster cast. This is the name of the office in the clinic, and the department at the Institute of Physical Education, and the department at the Medical Institute. The term "physiotherapy exercises" is used in a variety of aspects, denoting both the method of treatment, and the medical or pedagogical specialty, and the section of medicine or physical education, and the structure of health care.

Exercise therapy - a section of clinical medicine

On the other hand, therapeutic physical culture is a section of physical culture, which considers physical exercises to restore the health of a sick person and his ability to work.

At the same time, physical therapy is an independent scientific discipline, united according to the existing state standard into a single scientific specialty: “therapeutic physical culture and sports medicine with courses of balneology and physiotherapy”, which has the scientific specialty code 14.00.51. This is the medical sciences. That is, a specialist in the field of physical therapy can be a doctor with a diploma from the medical or pediatric faculty of a medical institute. An integral part of exercise therapy are mechanotherapy, occupational therapy and massotherapy. Any physical activity can be a means of exercise therapy: swimming, walking, bath procedures, and even games, if they are used for medicinal purposes.

exercise therapy in Russia

The way of life and outlook of the Russian people have created a peculiar system of physical culture, optimal for a given anthropogenic type and climatic conditions. Russian physical culture (sports games and competitions, such as gorodki, chizh, lapta), Russian wrestling, fisticuffs and stick fights, archery, running, throwing logs or spears) was, like other nations, a means of maintaining and improving physical preparation for the upcoming campaigns and battles. In ancient Russian culture physical health was considered the basis of external beauty.

The famous traveler, Arab merchant Ibn Fadlan wrote about his observations during the trip (-):

I saw the Rus - when they came with their goods and settled on the Volga. I have not seen people more perfect in physique - as if they were palm trees.

The ancient Slavs also had a peculiar form of hygiene and therapeutic physical culture that has existed since the beginning of our era - a bath ritual. In the bath, they treated and recuperated after hard hikes and illnesses. The Englishman William Took, a member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, wrote in the city that the Russian bath prevents the development of many diseases, and believed that the low incidence, good bodily and mental health, as well as the long life expectancy of Russian people, are explained precisely by the positive effect Russian bath.

The science of the therapeutic use of physical exercises began to develop in Russia from the second half of the 18th century after the creation of Moscow University in 1755 by Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov, which also included the Faculty of Medicine. Now it is the Moscow Medical Academy. The first professors of medicine at Moscow University were active supporters of physical exercise and natural factors for the treatment and prevention of diseases.

Try not to have a single day without movement ... A body without movement is like standing water, which is moldy, deteriorates, rots.

He instructed:

After a night's sleep, do not lie too long, but rather resort to washing, bodily movements, because the morning time is the most capable for all kinds of labors, exploits and sciences.

In general, it is quite amusing to see to what extent a person can sometimes be carried away by some idée fixe. So, for example, the venerable doctor says that both boys and girls need to do gymnastics from the age of four, and that the father, mother, teacher and tutor should do the movements themselves as an example ...

Elderly man doing stretching exercises in the gym

a learned author is so carried away by his science that he does not even spare gray-haired old age. The author attacks poor old women over the age of sixty (it seems that they could be spared) and advises them to shift in one place ..., twirl their legs ..., tilt their bodies back and forth ... and squat. .

Such an opinion about the benefits of gymnastics can often be heard in our time. At the same time, over the past 100 years, physical therapy, having passed a difficult path, which can be divided into several stages, has taken shape as an independent medical and scientific discipline.

A great contribution to the creation of physical therapy was made by Soviet scientists N. A. Semashko, V. V. Gorinevsky, Valentin Nikolaevich Moshkov, V. V. Gorinevskaya, Dreving, A. F. Kaptelin, V. I. Dikul and many others.

During the Great Patriotic War, physiotherapy exercises developed rapidly. Physicians faced the problem of the rapid recovery of fighters after injuries and wounds, and exercise therapy acquired particular importance as one of the powerful factors in the restoration of labor and combat capability of the wounded and sick. The knowledge and practical experience acquired in those years have not lost their significance to this day. Especially widely therapeutic physical culture was used for injuries of the musculoskeletal system. locomotive apparatus, chest,

exercise therapy

actual control line

Dictionary: Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations of the army and special services. Comp. A. A. Shchelokov. - M .: AST Publishing House LLC, Geleos Publishing House CJSC, 2003. - 318 p.

exercise therapy

physiotherapy

Dictionary: S. Fadeev. Dictionary of abbreviations of the modern Russian language. - S.-Pb.: Polytechnic, 1997. - 527 p.

exercise therapy

Laboratory of Physical Kinetics

education and science, physics.

exercise therapy

amateur football club
amateur football team

sport

Source: http://ffmo.ru/lfk/zio.php

Examples of using

LFC CSKA

LFK "Innovator"

exercise therapy

lithofacies complex

geol.

Source: http://www.uran.ru/structure/institutions/igg/Lithology/litsov/litsov15.htm

Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations. Academician. 2015 .

Synonyms:

See what "LFK" is in other dictionaries:

exercise therapy- physical education Dictionary of Russian synonyms. exercise therapy n., number of synonyms: 1 physical education (5) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin ... Synonym dictionary

exercise therapy- [elfek a], indistinct, female. (abbreviated: physiotherapy exercises) ... Russian spelling dictionary

exercise therapy- Abbreviation: LFK Therapeutic physical culture Also: LFK Amateur Championship football clubs Russia (such and such a year) List ... Wikipedia

exercise therapy- physiotherapy … Dictionary of abbreviations of the Russian language

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Healing Fitness- (exercise therapy) 1) a method of non-specific therapy that uses the means of physical culture to restore the health and working capacity of the patient, to prevent the consequences of the pathological process; 2) a section of clinical medicine that studies rational ... Medical Encyclopedia

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Essay

By academic discipline: Physical Culture

On this topic: physiotherapy

Work completed

9th grade students

Telechko Anna

THERAPEUTIC PHYSICAL CULTURE (LFK)

TO physiotherapy exercises(exercise therapy) includes methods of treatment, prevention and medical rehabilitation, based on the use of therapeutic exercises, consisting of specially selected and methodically developed physical exercises.

When prescribing a course of physiotherapy exercises, the doctor takes into account the characteristics of the disease, the nature, degree and stage of the disease process occurring in systems and organs human body. The health-improving effect of therapeutic gymnastics is based on physical activity, strictly dosed in relation to patients with poor health.

Types of physiotherapy exercises (LFK)

There are two types of physical therapy: general training and special training. General training in exercise therapy is aimed at strengthening and improving the body as a whole; and special training during the course of physiotherapy exercises are prescribed by a doctor to eliminate violations in the functioning of certain organs or systems in the body.

Exercises included in exercise therapy gymnastics differ in anatomical principle and degree of activity. According to the anatomical principle, the exercises of therapeutic gymnastics are divided into physical education for the muscles of the arms, legs, respiratory organs, etc. - that is, we are talking about gymnastics for specific muscle groups. According to the degree of activity, physiotherapy exercises are divided into active (exercises performed completely by the patient himself) and passive (exercises performed by a patient with impaired motor functions of the body with the help of a healthy limb, or with the help of a methodologist).

To achieve results in physiotherapy exercises, certain exercises are used to restore the functions of one or another part of the body (for example, to strengthen the abdominal muscles, physiotherapy includes a set of physical exercises in a standing, sitting and lying position). As a result of taking a course of exercise therapy, the body adapts to gradually increasing loads and corrects the disorders caused by the disease.

The attending physician prescribes a course of therapeutic exercises, and a specialist in physiotherapy exercises (exercise therapy) determines the methods of training. The procedures are carried out by an instructor, in especially difficult cases - by a physiotherapist. The use of therapeutic exercises, increasing the effectiveness of complex therapy of patients, accelerates the recovery time and prevents further progression of the disease. You should not start exercise therapy classes on your own, as this can lead to a deterioration in the condition, the method of therapeutic exercises prescribed by the doctor must be strictly observed.

Physiological basis of health training

The system of physical exercises aimed at increasing the functional state to the required level (100% DMPK and above) is called health-improving or physical training (conditional training abroad). The primary goal of health training is to increase the level physical condition to safe values that guarantee stable health. The most important goal of training for middle-aged and elderly people is the prevention cardiovascular disease, which are the main cause of disability and mortality in modern society. In addition, it is necessary to take into account age-related physiological changes in the body in the process of evolution. All this determines the specifics of health-improving physical culture and requires appropriate selection. training loads, methods and means of training.

In health-improving training (as well as in sports), the following main components of the load are distinguished, which determine its effectiveness: type of load, load value, duration (volume) and intensity, frequency of classes (number of times a week), duration of rest intervals between classes.

Load type

The nature of the impact physical training on the body depends, first of all, on the type of exercise, the structure of the motor act. In health training, there are three main types of exercises with different selective focus:

Type 1 - aerobic cyclic exercises that contribute to the development of general endurance;

Type 2 - cyclic exercises of mixed aerobic-anaerobic orientation, developing general and special (speed) endurance;

Type 3 - acyclic exercises that increase strength endurance. However, only exercises aimed at developing aerobic capacity and general endurance have a health-improving and preventive effect on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. In this regard, the basis of any wellness program for middle-aged and elderly people should be cyclic exercises of an aerobic orientation.

Studies by B. A. Pirogova (1985) showed that the decisive factor determining the physical performance of middle-aged people is precisely the general endurance, which is estimated by the value of the IPC.

In middle and old age, against the background of an increase in the volume of exercises for the development of general endurance and flexibility, the need for speed-strength loads decreases (with the complete exclusion of speed exercises). In addition, in people over 40 years of age, the reduction of CHD risk factors (normalization of cholesterol metabolism, blood pressure and body weight) is of decisive importance, which is possible only when performing aerobic endurance exercises. Thus, the main type of load used in recreational physical culture is aerobic cyclic exercises. The most accessible and effective of them is health jogging. Due to this physiological basis training will be considered on the example of a health run. In the case of using other cyclic exercises, the same principles of dosage of the training load remain.

According to the degree of impact on the body in health-improving physical culture (as well as in sports), threshold, optimal, peak loads, as well as overload are distinguished. However, these concepts regarding physical culture have a slightly different physiological meaning.

- this is a load that exceeds the level of habitual physical activity, the minimum value of the training load that gives the necessary healing effect: compensation for missing energy costs, increasing the functionality of the body and reducing risk factors. From the point of view of compensating for the missing energy costs, the threshold is such a duration of load, such a volume of running that correspond to an energy consumption of at least 2000 kcal per week. Such energy consumption is provided by running for about 3 hours (3 times a week for 1 hour), or 30 km of running with average speed 10 km/h, as when running in aerobic mode approximately 1 kcal / kg per 1 km of travel is consumed (0.98 for women and 1.08 kcal / kg for men).

An increase in functionality is observed in novice runners with a weekly volume of slow running equal to 15 km. American and Japanese scientists observed a 14% increase in BMD after completing a 12-week training program, which consisted of 5-kilometer runs 3 times a week (K. Cooper, 1970). French scientists in the forced training of animals in a thread bath (3 times a week for 30 minutes) after 10 weeks found a significant increase in the density of the myocardial capillary bed and coronary blood flow. Loads twice as small in volume (15 min each) did not cause such changes in the myocardium.

A decrease in the main risk factors is also observed with a running volume of at least 15 km per week. So, when performing a standard training program (running 3 times a week for 30 minutes), there was a clear decrease in blood pressure to normal values. Normalization of lipid metabolism in all indicators (cholesterol, LIV, HDL) is observed with loads over 2 hours per week. The combination of such training with a balanced diet allows you to successfully deal with overweight. Thus, the minimum load for beginners, necessary for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and health promotion, should be considered 15 km of running per week, or 3 sessions of 30 minutes each.

- this is a load of such volume and intensity, which gives the maximum healing effect for a given individual. The zone of optimal loads is limited from below by the threshold level, and from above - maximum loads. Based on long-term observations, the author found that the optimal load for trained runners is 40-6O min 3-4 times a week (on average 30-40km per week). A further increase in the number of kilometers run is not advisable, since it not only does not contribute to an additional increase in the functional capabilities of the body (MNS), but also creates a risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system, disruption of the cardiovascular system (in proportion to the increase in training loads). So, Cooper (1986), based on data from the Dallas Aerobics Center, notes an increase in injuries to the musculoskeletal system when running more than 40 km per week. There was an improvement in the mental state and mood, as well as a decrease in emotional tension in women with a weekly running volume of up to 40 km. A further increase in training loads was accompanied by a deterioration in mental state. With an increase in the volume of running loads in young women up to 50–60 km per week, in some cases, menstrual irregularities were noted (as a result of a significant decrease in the fat component), which can cause sexual dysfunction. Some authors call the running “barrier” 90 km per week, the excess of which can lead to a kind of “running addiction” as a result of excessive hormonal stimulation (the release of endorphins into the blood). It is also impossible not to take into account the negative impact of large training loads on immunity, discovered by many scientists (Gorshkov, M. Ya. Levin, 1984, etc.).

In this regard, everything that goes beyond the optimal training loads is not necessary from a health point of view. Optimal loads provide an increase in aerobic capacity, overall endurance and performance, i.e., the level of physical condition and health. Maximum length training distance in recreational running should not exceed 20 km, because from that moment on, as a result of the depletion of muscle glycogen, fats are actively included in the energy supply, which requires additional oxygen consumption and leads to the accumulation of toxic products in the blood. Running 30-40 km requires an increase in special marathon endurance associated with the use of free fatty acids (FFA), and not carbohydrates. The task of recreational physical education is to improve health through the development of general (rather than special) endurance and performance.

Marathon running problems.

Running a marathon is an example overload, which can lead to a long-term decrease in efficiency and depletion of the body's reserve capabilities. In this regard, marathon training cannot be recommended for health-improving physical education (especially since it does not lead to an increase in the “amount” of health) and cannot be considered as the logical conclusion of a health-improving run and the highest level of health. Moreover, excessive training loads, according to some authors, not only do not prevent the development of age-related sclerotic changes, but also contribute to their rapid progression (AG Dembo, 1980, etc.).

In this regard, it would be useful to dwell at least briefly on physiological features marathon run.

IN last years marathon distance is becoming more and more popular, despite the difficulties associated with overcoming it and extreme effects on the body. Ultra-long distance running is inherent in the aerobic nature of energy supply, however, the ratio of the use of carbohydrates and fats for oxidation is different depending on the length of the distance, which is associated with muscle glycogen stores. in the muscles lower extremities high-class athletes contain 2% glycogen, while recreational joggers have only 1.46%. The reserves of muscle glycogen do not exceed 300-400 g, which corresponds to 1200-1600 kcal (4.1 kcal is released during the oxidation of carbohydrates). Considering that at aerobic running 1 kcal / kg is consumed per 1 km of the path, then for an athlete weighing 60 kg this amount of energy would be enough for 20-25 km. Thus, when running for a distance of up to 20 km, muscle glycogen stores fully ensure muscle activity, and there are no problems in replenishing energy resources, and carbohydrates account for about 80% of total energy consumption, and only 20% for fats. When running for 30 km or more, glycogen reserves are clearly not enough, and the contribution of fats to energy supply (due to FFA oxidation) increases to 50% or more. Toxic metabolic products accumulate in the blood, poisoning the body. With a running time of 4 hours or more, these processes reach a maximum and the concentration of urea in the blood (an indicator of the intensity of protein metabolism) reaches critical values (Yummol/l). Nutrition at a distance does not solve the problem of lack of carbohydrates, since during the run the processes of absorption from the stomach are disturbed. In undertrained runners, the fall in blood glucose can reach dangerous levels - 404 mg squared instead of 100 mg% (normal).

Additional difficulties also arise due to fluid loss with sweat - up to 5-6 liters, and on average - 3-4% of body weight. A marathon is especially dangerous at high air temperatures, which causes a sharp increase in body temperature. Evaporation from the body surface of 1 ml of sweat leads to the release of 0.5 kcal of heat. The loss of 3 liters of sweat (the average loss during a marathon race) provides a heat loss of about 1500 kcal. Thus, during the Boston Marathon, runners aged 40-50 experienced an increase in body temperature (according to telemetric registration) up to 39-41 degrees (Magov, 1977). In this regard, the danger of heat stroke increased, especially with insufficient preparedness; even cases of death from heat stroke during a marathon have been described.

Preparation for a marathon, which requires a significant increase in training loads, can also have a negative effect on the body. American authors Brown and Graham (1989) note that in order to successfully overcome the marathon, it is necessary to run at least 12 km daily or 80-100 km per week for the last 12 weeks before the start, which is much more than the running optimum (no longer a recreational, but a professional training) . In people over 40, such a load often leads to overstrain of the myocardium, motor apparatus or central nervous system.

That is why, before you start a marathon training, you need to decide what goal you are pursuing and soberly weigh your options - taking into account the physiological effect of a marathon. Those who are sufficiently prepared and at all costs decided to subject themselves to this difficult test, need to go through a cycle of special marathon training. Its meaning is to painlessly and as early as possible “teach” the body to use fats (FFA) for energy supply, thus preserving glycogen stores in the liver and muscles and preventing a sharp decrease in blood glucose (hypoglycemia) and the level of performance. To do this, it is necessary to gradually increase the distance of Sunday running up to 30-38 km, while not changing the volume of loads on the remaining days. This will avoid an excessive increase in the total volume of running and overstrain of the musculoskeletal system.

Load intensity

The intensity of the load depends on the running speed and is determined by heart rate or as a percentage of the IPC.

Depending on the nature of the energy supply, all cyclic exercises are divided into four zones of the training regime.

1. Anaerobic mode - running speed is above critical (higher than the level of MNS), the content of lactic acid (lactate) in the blood reaches 15-25 mmol/l. It is not used in health training.

2. Mixed aerobic-anaerobic regime - speed between PANO and MIC levels, blood lactate - from 5 to 15 mmol/l. Periodically it can be used by well-trained runners to develop special (speed) endurance in preparation for competitions.

3. Aerobic mode- speed between the aerobic threshold and the level of PANO (2.0--4.0 mmol / l). It is used to develop and maintain the level of general endurance.

4. recovery mode - lower speed aerobic threshold, lactate less than 2 mmol/l. It is used as a method of rehabilitation after illnesses.

In addition to health training, physical education should include teaching the basics of psychoregulation, hardening and massage, as well as competent self-control and regular medical supervision. Only an integrated approach to the problems of mass physical education can ensure the effectiveness of classes for a radical improvement in the health of the population.

Manual therapy

The circulation of energy in the human body has not only energy, but also a "material" expression - in the form of blood and lymph circulation. Disturbed circulation makes it difficult to nourish tissues and remove waste products, which can lead to problems in both "deficient" areas and areas of "excess" energy. Such disorders are often caused by "mechanical problems" in the body - diseases of the spine, displacement of the vertebrae and joints as a result of injuries, muscle strain and spasms, improper gait (posture, landing), etc. As a result - edema, pain syndromes, limitation of mobility.

Manual therapy- a complex of biomechanical techniques performed by hands aimed at eliminating pain and restoring mobility of the joints and spine. Manual therapy procedures are somewhat reminiscent of massage, differing from it in the limited localization of the areas of application and the dosed strength of the impact.

The name of the first specialist in manual therapy is unknown. But it is likely that he was a hunter. Injuries, bruises, dislocations during the hunt, of course, forced the use of any therapeutic measures. Naturally, not all injuries of the musculoskeletal system were treated with a knife and medicines. Dressings, heat, decoctions of medicinal herbs are traditionally used in folk medicine.

Information about manual aids for spinal injuries is contained in numerous literature sources. ancient world. They were known to Hippocrates as an effective method of treating diseases of the spine (rachitherapy); some technique were very original: two assistants stretched the lying patient, tying him by the arms and legs, and the third walked along the patient's back. Walking on the back to eliminate pain symptoms in the spine was practiced by many peoples. You can find a lot of such information in the literature. This is evidence that the methods of traditional traditional medicine passed down from generation to generation, creatively processed, contributing to the formation of a specialist in manual therapy.

The history of manual therapy in Russia is somewhat different from its development in the world. There was no opposition of traditional medicine to the official one. The bone-setting business included elements of massage, including acupressure, stretch marks, blows, warm-ups and spells. The absence of the need for expensive drugs, the availability and sufficient effectiveness in many diseases of the spine are the reason for the existence of this branch of traditional medicine.

Massage

Massage is an active therapeutic method, the essence of which is to apply dosed mechanical irritations to the exposed body of the patient with various, methodically carried out special techniques performed by the massage therapist's hand or with the help of special devices.

During massage, numerous nerve receptors, embedded in various layers of the skin and associated with the periosteal and vegetative system, are primarily affected. In the process of massage, the first stage of transformation of the mechanical energy of massage movements into the energy of nervous excitation takes place, giving rise to a complex chain of reflex reactions.

Massage- physiological action.

The mechanism of action of massage is based on difficult process due to the interaction of nervous and humoral factors. To this it must be added that massage at the site of its impact also has a direct mechanical effect on tissues, resulting in the movement of tissue fluids (lymph, blood), stretching and displacement of tissues (with scars, adhesions) and other changes.

Massage at Kim Dao

IN Chinese medicine massage plays a special role: on a par with acupuncture and treatment folk remedies and medicinal herbs, massage is no less common and effective method treatment and healing of the body. Chinese massage differs from Western massage, first of all, by the strength and depth of the impact. Especially good results Chinese massage gives in combination with acupuncture (acupuncture).

Even if you don't have special problems with health, massage is a great way to relax muscle spasms, increasing the tone of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, relaxing muscles and stretching overstressed ligaments.

Honey massage

Honey massage- a method of treatment and recovery known among traditional healers of Tibet and Bulgaria. Honey massage of the back and collar area perfectly combines the healing effects of honey, massage and aromatherapy.

During the procedure, microcirculation is significantly enhanced; biologically active substances, vitamins and minerals contained in honey are absorbed into the skin; when removing honey, accumulated toxins are removed from the pores of the skin; at the end of the session, the skin is massaged with natural fir or other aromatic oils.

Only natural honey is used. Honey massage is effective in the treatment of bronchitis, pneumonia, colds, radiculitis, myositis; helps to increase immunity; removes toxins from the body. Honey massage is recommended (after consulting experts!) in courses of 3 to 10 procedures with different intervals between sessions.

The duration of one procedure is from 45 minutes to 1 hour. After the massage, you need to stay in the room for 15-20 minutes. Absolute contraindication - allergic reactions to honey and bee products!

Healing honey massage is an excellent means of maintaining a weakened body in modern conditions of all kinds of overloads and stresses, relieves fatigue and fills with lightness and freshness! This method of treatment is perfectly combined with manual therapy, physiotherapy procedures, drug therapy and other methods of treatment.

Yoga

The very word "yoga" means "to bind, reunite" in the meaning of "connection of the soul with God", that is, in other words, yoga is the path to God, in fact, a kind of religion. The purpose of yoga is to restore our original connection with God, ways and means of approaching him. India is considered the birthplace of yoga, where many varieties of yoga arose.

At the heart of every yoga is the desire to improve the spirit, which is the true content of the physical body. To improve the spirit in yoga is required in order to separate the pure spirit from the physical shell and, then, freeing it from the body, to achieve the state of nirvana. Each of the existing yogas has its own creed and philosophical doctrine, moral and religious codes of conduct and cults. Except theoretical basis, yogis offer their practical ways to achieve their goals.

In the West, the most widespread is the so-called hatha yoga, the elements of which are perceived by non-Orientalists as the only existing yoga, although, in fact, their number is much larger.

Hatha yoga: spiritual principles

Hatha yoga is the yoga of the sympathetic (vegetative) nervous system, which regulates the activity internal organs, glands and vessels of the human body. Hatha yoga is the path to the perfection of the spirit through physical perfection, that is, through achieving control over all the internal processes of the body, which can be achieved by performing a complex of physical and breathing exercises. Hatha yoga is the initial stage of the more complex raja yoga.

Europeans tend to perceive hatha yoga not as a way spiritual development human, but as a means of healing the body. In the West, the main goal of hatha yoga, its spiritual and philosophical parts are often ignored and yoga is used only as a complex of physical and breathing exercises, like therapeutic exercises. However, the basis of all martial arts, which are derivatives of any ideology, the main thing has always been the perfection of the spirit, and by no means physical perfection. Therefore, a Western person who does not have deep faith and is not ready to follow the path of severe hardships is unlikely to achieve the main goal of yoga - merging with God. However, existence various kinds yoga, differing from each other in ways to achieve the main goal, allows everyone to choose the path that suits him: for someone - the path of recovery, for someone - achieving nirvana.

Breathing exercises

Often fatigue comes so quickly because the body is not well supplied with oxygen. IN Everyday life our breathing is superficial, we most often do deep breaths and exhalations only when we are in a state of emotional arousal - actually elements of breathing exercises. But many who are not even familiar with the term "breathing exercises" know that there is an easy way to relieve the growing tension - take a few deep breaths (inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth) - after that, a noticeable relief immediately comes, and life no longer seems such an ordeal.

Everyone knows that the basis of modern "physical education" - shaping and aerobics - is a combination of breathing and motor exercises: after all, with the help of breathing exercises and oxygen enrichment of the blood, fat is burned, and in combination with gymnastics that affects certain muscle groups, such physical education is excellent. a weight loss product that replaces difficult diets.

So popular in Soviet times, "charging" also included, along with motor exercises, elements of breathing exercises. But in order to lose weight or improve well-being, it is not at all necessary to do physical education in the gym: breathing exercises you can do it separately from active physical exercises - even your workplace in the office is quite suitable for this.

Parterre gymnastics

We constantly make a lot of movements: we walk, run, bend over, pick something up and carry it from place to place, squat, reach for something, drive a car, and so on. But all these movements do not add to our health - they are narrowly focused and monotonous, tire specific muscle groups, weakening them over time.

This is "physical inactivity", i.e. "lack of mobility": lack of regular, competent physical activity, strengthening the body as a whole, maintaining efficiency and well-being, lightness in the body and sufficient mobility of the joints, elasticity of the ligaments and muscle tone.

The purpose of ground gymnastics:

ü the study of various muscle groups;

ü improvement of trophism of intervertebral structures;

ü increased joint mobility;

ü stimulation of the normal functioning of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

Types of therapeutic exercises:

ü adaptive (light version, slow pace);

ü basic (extended complex, medium pace);

ü special thematic programs (taking into account a specific pathology).

Balance gymnastics

One of the treatment and preventive programs for children and adults that the Rehabilitation Laboratory offers is gymnastics, which develops balance and improves coordination of movements. It is a complex of movements with elements of hippotherapy. In this case, the ball serves as a simulator that replaces the horse. When performing certain movements, low-frequency vibrations emanate from it, the same as in therapeutic riding. Influencing deep muscular-ligamentous structures, they give an excellent therapeutic effect.

The main factors and goals of the gymnastic part of the program are as follows:

ü the use of low-frequency vibrations, passively received by the patient when performing exercises on the ball, to relieve spasm of deep short muscles spine and restoration of disturbed motor stereotypes;

ü teaching balancing on the ball, transferring body weight to a given position, synchronizing movements;

ü elimination of rigidity of the adductor muscles of the thigh with the restoration of range of motion in the hip joints.

In the structure of the program, a certain place is given to learning to control your body. For this, the experience of Hatha Yoga is used - the performance of certain postures (asanas) and breath control (pranayama). By the way, the balls have found worthy application in this part of the program.

Activities with children

If we talk about programs for classes with children, then they pursue quite traditional, but extremely important goals:

ü prevention of muscle insufficiency and posture disorders;

ü improvement of coordination of movements, correction of incorrect motor stereotypes;

ü Prevention of the development of flat feet;

ü prevention and treatment of functional disorders of many organs and systems; (headaches, biliary dyskinesia, frequent or chronic inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, vegetative neuroses, weakening of immune defense mechanisms, conditions after injuries, etc.);

ü teaching children how to work on the ball in order to further use the acquired skills when practicing at home.

Gymnastics for pregnant women

If the pregnancy proceeds safely, without complications, then daily execution simple physical exercises (gymnastics) are an obligatory component for maintaining a stable well-being of a pregnant woman and creating optimal conditions for the development of the fetus.

Pregnant woman needs gymnastics!!!

During pregnancy, a woman's body works doubly hard: the condition of the fetus is directly dependent on the physical and mental well-being of the expectant mother. Performing small series of exercises every day, with a given number of repetitions, a woman helps the body cope with a double load. Such self-care qualitatively improves the functions of the respiratory system and activates the work of the heart and blood vessels, ensures the delivery of the necessary nutrients and oxygen for the growth and development of the unborn baby, removes carbon dioxide and other metabolic products of the fetus in a timely manner.

Contraindications for doing gymnastics

ü the threat of abortion or premature birth;

ü bleeding;

ü high blood pressure.

It should be noted: even without the listed contraindications, daily exercises should be started after a conversation with a doctor.

Oriental gymnastics

Oriental gymnastics- This effective method health promotion.

The luminaries of ancient Eastern medicine attached great importance to moderation in food, a reasonable lifestyle, personal hygiene and exercise. It was believed that the peace of the soul is found in movement and that the peace of mind and the will of a person are inextricably linked with his physical activity. Intellectual and physical activity is the key to strengthening the body's defenses and preventing premature aging.

Oriental gymnastics includes basic exercises Okinawan karate.

Oriental gymnastics contributes to:

ü Development of flexibility and strength.

ü Development of coordination of movements.

ü Improving immunity.

ü Being engaged in oriental gymnastics, you:

ü Increase your vitality.

ü Remove negative emotions.

ü Make your body slim.

Provide prevention of diseases of the musculoskeletal system, respiratory, cardiovascular, nervous and genitourinary systems of the body.

The duration of the lesson is 90 minutes. Visiting schedule - at least once a week.

Oriental gymnastics is suitable for both men and women of all ages.

Pilates

Pilates- This...

Gymnastic programs "PILATES" occupy one of the leading places in terms of popularity and attendance among clients of health and sports centers.

Primary and average level difficulties, all movements are performed lying on the floor, on the rug: skills in mastering specific muscle groups, learning breathing techniques, analyzing one's own feelings, moderate pace.

Working on yourself according to the Pilates system, you ...

ü strengthen muscles;

ü achieve greater elasticity of the ligaments;

ü gradually become slimmer and more balanced;

ü rejuvenate the body as a whole, stimulating biochemical processes;

ü Please yourself with new results.

The purpose of the lessons:

Achieving flexibility, harmony and plasticity, as well as removing the feeling of fatigue and psychological relaxation.

MINI-gymnastics for children.

General physical development babies is a question that any family has to solve.

The correct approach to systematic exercises is formed in children from the first attempts to perform even elementary exercises. This is what we will try to teach the kids in the lessons of MINI-gymnastics!

We call these classes trainings, first of all, because their goal is to achieve the first positive results in general physical training, teach kids coordinated movement, introduce the most elementary exercises.

And the fascination of this training is given by music, fun games and competitions, beautiful multi-colored balls and the skill of the instructor as a teacher.

We have not forgotten about such an important detail as psychological comfort: environment, music, access fresh air, no rush, error tolerance, alternating period

Physical education is a very important support for both healthy and chronically ill people. It is needed by everyone who has any pathologies, has suffered serious injuries, is recovering from operations. Properly selected set of exercises significantly accelerates the return of a person to normal life. However, it should be prescribed only by a specialist - a physiotherapist (exercise doctor).

What is physiotherapy

The term exercise therapy hides a special kind of therapy, which includes a specially selected complex gymnastic exercises. As a rule, it is prescribed for:

injuries and congenital diseases of the musculoskeletal system;

neurological diseases;

obesity (weight loss method).

Of course, all exercises are selected individually, taking into account the diagnosis of the patient. Exercise therapy is most often used in postoperative rehabilitation, when the threat to life has passed and the patient needs to be returned to a working state.

What does a physical therapy doctor treat?

The doctor of physical therapy has three main tasks:

improving the health of the patient;

rehabilitation and restoration of body functions;

improvement sports achievements amateurs and professional athletes.

The last direction is far from the main one. In this case, the exercise therapy doctor often works in sports teams along with massage therapists, sports doctors and other medical professionals.

The main contingent of an exercise therapy doctor is convalescent patients. Of course, he himself does not prescribe any treatment, but selects methods and a set of exercises, based on the diagnoses of other specialists.

At the same time, physical therapy classes are divided into sessions and can take place both in special halls of rehabilitation centers and in hospital wards. However, patients are not always kept in clinics for a long time. In severe cases, they are discharged, and the exercise therapy doctor comes to the patient's house at a certain time.

In work, the specialist actively interacts with his other colleagues:

neurologist;

chiropractor;

gastroenterologist;

The skills and abilities of an exercise therapy doctor are indispensable for patients with the following problems:

suffered a stroke;

recovery after surgery;

congenital pathologies or acquired deformity of the spine;

problems with respiratory system;

joint diseases;

fractures or breaks muscle tissue;

problems with the musculoskeletal system.

Responsibilities of a Physical Therapist

The responsibilities of a Physiotherapist include:

receiving and diagnosing patients to draw up an individual plan of therapeutic measures;

development individual complex exercises with further adjustment;

carrying out various preventive measures on the benefits of physical education with various segments of the population;

provision of necessary medical care;

work with medical records.

Requirements for a Physiotherapist

In order to carry out professional activities as a physiotherapist, you must meet certain criteria. The specialist must have:

higher medical education;

completed training in the direction of "Therapeutic physical culture";

no medical contraindications;

knowledge of modern methods of physical therapy;

the ability to apply non-drug methods of therapy;

skills to identify various pathologies.

Where do physical therapy doctors work

Most often, exercise therapy doctors can be found in various sports and rehabilitation centers, multifunctional clinics, and private offices. In some cases, they also work at fitness centers, where they spend wellness classes, unless of course the organization has a license to provide medical services.

In addition, it is not uncommon for experts in the field to collaborate with major sports clubs or work in teams. In some cases, exercise therapy doctors provide private services, including home visits.

Where to learn to be an exercise therapy doctor?

Before choosing a place and method of getting education in the field of physical therapy, it is necessary to clearly understand that several specialists can work in this area. Everyone has different education and qualifications:

physical therapy doctor - a specialist with a higher medical education;

the instructor-methodologist has a higher education in the field of sports, as well as additional training in physiotherapy exercises;

instructor - a specialist with a secondary medical education, certified in exercise therapy.

To work as an instructor, higher education is not required. But in order to get exactly a medical specialty, you first need to graduate from a medical university with a degree in General Medicine or Pediatrics. Next, you need to unlearn in residency in the direction of "Therapeutic exercise."

Personal qualities of the profession of a physiotherapist

Rehabilitation is always a long and difficult process. An exercise therapy doctor has to put seriously ill patients on their feet, work with the consequences of strokes, severe injuries. Such work requires, first of all, skill and unlimited patience. Also, the doctor of exercise therapy requires:

erudition;

sociability;

stress resistance;

the ability to charge with optimism, set the patient up for the result.

How much do exercise therapy doctors in Russia earn?

A specialist of this profile as a whole has enough high level wages. Of course, the highest salaries are offered by health and sports institutions in large cities.

For example, an experienced exercise therapy doctor in Moscow can earn about 100,000 rubles. If we are talking about a specialist from St. Petersburg, then the level of his salary will vary in the region of 75,000 rubles.

Pros and cons of the profession of a physiotherapist

The positive aspects of the specialty include the following:

demand and prospects;

high level of income;

Opportunity to start private practice.

And to add to the minuses:

long learning process;

high level of responsibility;

frequent stressful situations.