What kind of sport is mountain biking. Mountain bikes
Mountain bike (English) mountain bike) - extreme olympic view sports, which includes a number of disciplines: bike trial, dirt jumping, street, slopestyle, cross-country, parallel slalom, downhill, freeride, uphill, north shore.
The International Cyclist Union (FR. Union Cycliste Internationale, UCI) is a cycling association that oversees cycling events at the international level.
The history of the emergence and development of a mountain bike (mountain bike)
In 1817, the German professor Baron Karl von Dres from Karlsruhe created the first two-wheeled scooter. The first bicycle, which was similar to the bicycles used today, was invented in 1884.
For a long time, bicycles were designed to ride on flat surface, but there were people who wanted to conquer mountains on bicycles. Along with this, craftsmen appeared who tried to adapt the bike to mountain conditions. The result of their labors was a bike with soft suspension suspension, wider wheels, multi-speed drive and index shifting.
The exact date of birth of mountain biking is not known, but there are two popular points of view on this issue. One of them says that mountain biking appeared about 50 years ago, when an American student tried to conquer a mountain peak on a bicycle. According to the second version, mountain biking appeared 30 years ago, when the first mass start on mountain bikes took place.
In 1990, the first World Mountain Biking Championship was held, in the same year international union cyclists officially recognized mountain biking as a separate sport. In 1996, mountain biking was included in the program Olympic Games in Atlanta.
Mountain bike disciplines
Mountain biking has 10 disciplines, which in turn are divided into subspecies. Let's take a closer look at each of the mountain bike disciplines, its features and equipment.
Bicycle trial
Bike trials is one of the disciplines of mountain biking, the essence of which is to overcome a series of obstacles on a mountain bike. Obstacles in the bike trial can be natural or artificial: parapets, stones, logs, boards and others. When overcoming obstacles, do not lean on your legs, arms or other parts of the body.
dirt jumping
Dirt jumping is a discipline of mountain biking, which is the jumping of athletes (with the performance of tricks) on a series of jumps. A dirt jump bike is very similar to BMX: a hardtail with one gear, no suspension fork, no front brake (required for some tricks), wide pedals, wide tires. This type very spectacular, so it is very popular.
Straight
Street (English street) - extreme skating along the streets of cities and other artificial objects, at the moment it is not a discipline, rather it is a style of skating that is gaining popularity. Street bikes are distinguished by the fact that the frames and cranks of such bicycles are made of steel, for greater strength and "indestructibility" when sliding along the railing or in case of accidental falls. For better handling, the wheels are reduced from 26 to 24 inches, the weight of such a bike reaches 14 kg.
Slopestyle
Slopestyle (English slopestyle) - is a series of acrobatic jumps on ski jumps, pyramids, counter-slopes, drops, railings and other objects located sequentially throughout the route. Each trick must be performed carefully, accurately and technically correctly, since if you fall, there is a high probability of getting injured and not going through the track to the end. If the offsets are large enough, then a small size freeride bike is suitable for slopestyle, but if everything is not so scary, then a street bike will do.
cross country
Cross-country (English cross-country) is a male or female discipline, which is a cross-country mountain bike race. The cross-country track contains a large number of descents, long climbs, as well as high-speed and technical sections. In cross-country, both natural and artificial obstacles can be used. In this discipline, a mandatory element of equipment is a helmet.
Parallel Slalom or Biker Cross
Parallel slalom is a discipline in which 4 racers compete with each other at the same time. Discipline presupposes some contact between athletes, but this contact should not be contrary to the spirit of fair play. The race takes place on a specially prepared and extended downhill track. The slalom bike has an increased distance between the wheels, a lowered center of gravity. Attachments are placed with the lightest weight for better acceleration.
Downhill (downhill)
Downhill is a discipline of mountain biking, which consists in the fastest possible descent from the mountain on a mountain bike. For downhill skiing, a bike with two shock absorbers and a strong hitch is suitable, the weight of such a bike should not exceed 20 kg.
Freeride
Freeride is a discipline of mountain biking, which involves free descent from the mountain without any tracks and paths at the highest possible speed. In this discipline, two-suspension bikes are usually used, similar in design to downhill bikes, but varying depending on their purpose. A mandatory element of equipment is a closed helmet.
Uphill
Uphill is a discipline of mountain biking, which consists in high-speed ascent to the slope. The bike in this discipline should be as light as possible, the weight of less than 10 kg can be considered ideal.
north shore
North Shore is a discipline of mountain biking, the essence of which is to overcome a certain route with natural and artificially constructed obstacles (narrow winding log bridges and spiral "stairs", "swings" and even "dead loops").
We tried to cover the topic as fully as possible, so this information can be safely used in the preparation of messages, reports on physical education and essays on the topic "Mountain Biking".
Mountain biking is a fairly young sport. WITH English name discipline is translated as "mountain bike", which fully explains its essence. Mountain cycling is actively developing, every year there are more and more adherents of this sport.
It is authentically known that the first bicycle was invented at the end of the 19th century. Cars had not yet been invented at that time, so cycling gained immense popularity. Most people preferred to ride on ordinary roads, but there were also extreme sports lovers who wanted to conquer mountain peaks on a bicycle. Unfortunately, the design of the cycling transport of that time did not allow such difficult trips, and therefore lovers of new sensations had to work hard to turn it into a mountain bike. Long years different people worked on the creation of a mountain bike. Their efforts were not in vain, because now in every city there is a shop where you can buy a mountain bike. From regular bike it features a soft shock-absorbing suspension, wider wheels, multi-speed drive, index shifting. Moreover, even modern designs are constantly being improved.
There are two birth dates for mountain biking. The first says that he appeared about 50 years ago, when an American student was trying to conquer a mountain peak on a bicycle. According to the second version, this sport appeared 30 years ago, when the first mass start on mountain bikes took place. In 1990, the UCI, the International Cycling Union, officially recognized mountain biking as a separate sport. At the same time, the first world championship was organized. In 1996, this discipline was included in the program of the Olympic Games in Atlanta.
As you already understood, a mountain bike is necessary for quickly and easily overcoming off-road arrays of different levels of difficulty. There are several types of mountain bikes, each of them is designed for different kind ride. And what are the types?
Bicycle trial is a ride over natural or artificial obstacles.
Dirt is ski jumping. The track for this type of racing consists of various jumps, and in the jump between them, athletes can perform tricks. This style has conquered many, so it is crazy popular.
Street - skiing with extreme elements. To be more precise, the main task of a cyclist is extreme riding. Not every person is capable of reckless actions, therefore, not everyone will try their hand at such a sport.
Slopestyle - this kind of riding requires special training, because each trick must be performed carefully, accurately and technically correct. If an athlete falls, his rhythm comes true, and the probability of completing the track to the end decreases due to the likelihood of injury.
Cross-country - this type of mountain riding was included in the Olympic program in 1996. Such a mountain bike consists of riding over rough terrain, maintaining a normal rhythm of speed while crossing a long straight section of the route, climbing uphill. The presence of a helmet in this type of cycling is mandatory; in its absence, the athlete is not allowed to compete.
Parallel slalom - this type came to cycling from ski competitions. According to the rules, two or three participants simultaneously start to pass the distance. They go along parallel tracks, which are absolutely identical to each other, because if the athletes do not have equal conditions, then the race will be unfair.
Downhill - this type of mountain bike has another name: downhill. The tracks consist of several sections of different difficulty levels, each of which is passed for a while. The type of passage of such sections is also different.
Freeride - riding on difficult tracks. As a rule, natural tracks are used for competitions, but artificial ones are sometimes created. It should be noted that in order to practice this discipline, you must have a very good physical training, and the bike needs to be carefully prepared.
Mountain bike - extreme sport. It attracts a large number of people, because many want to tickle their nerves, get adrenaline and feel like an extreme. But when choosing this sport, remember that health is above all, so be careful and follow the necessary safety measures. Happy racing!
Mountain biking is one of the most diverse sports. In total, he has twelve riding styles, not even considering that some of them are also divided into subspecies.
Many disciplines are borrowed from other sports such as BMX, snowboarding and skiing. All of them are different from each other - by doing them, you achieve different goals and results. Some disciplines, such as cross-country, uphill and biker-cross, have a more sporty tone and are less extreme, others, such as street, slopestyle and dirt jumping, are designed to get pleasant emotions. The pleasure of riding in the forest, in the mountains and skateparks, adrenaline on ski jumps and urban open spaces - all this can give you a mountain bike. Try to find a discipline to your liking, understand what you want more, and find out what is useful for this ...
Cross country (XC)
Dust in my mouth, blood in my lungs, a ragged heartbeat, and many more miles ahead of me on an impassable route. Light frame, light fork, light wheels and long cranks. Rigid, Hardtail, Full Suspension and Soft Tail bikes fall into this category (for a breakdown of the models, see the article "How to choose a mountain bike"). Attachments are usually as light as possible and are not designed for extreme loads. Such a bike should not weigh more than 13 kg. The purpose of the XC-bike is to ride over rough terrain over long distances. Cross country is the easiest and most common type of mountain biking. This event is included in the program of the Olympic Games, and remember: you will need endurance, physical strength and willpower. For riding you will need: a helmet that covers upper part heads, contact pedals and contact shoes (increase pedaling efficiency).
Sweat-wicking underwear and clothing, bicycle gloves will be useful, and glasses with a set of lenses for different times of the day will save you from the sun and unauthorized entry of a fly into your eye. A small backpack with a hydraulic system is indispensable on sunny days, in addition, you can put a small pump, a spare chamber and an energy bar in it.
The best extreme athletes came out of this discipline, whose names are in the top lines of all MTB ratings.
All-Mountain
The name speaks for itself (All Mountain in translation from English - "intended for skiing on all types of mountains"). This is a versatile bike, heavier than the XC but more reliable. Descent, ascent - you are everywhere the road. Do you want to try everything? Try! Usually this style uses bikes with a strong frame and light hitch, so the final weight should not exceed 14 kg. Such bikes are used in multi-day marathons, so a winter spent in the gym will be a good help for a cyclist who wants to ride All-Mountain. From accessories - everything is the same as for the XC, plus some light protection in the form of knee pads, and cycling gloves with long fingers.
Uphill (UH)
Everything is simple here: you have to climb up the slope with the highest possible speed (uphill - in English means "up the mountain"). Work wears out, so the bike should be as light as possible - up to 10 kg just right. The problem of choice - hardtail or two-suspension - is solved on the terrain: if the terrain is even and smoother, then the hardtail will come out stronger, if there are a lot of bumps and other irregularities on it, on which the rear wheel of the hardtail will lose grip, Full Susp will be stronger, or two-suspension. Protection and other accessories are optional, everything is thrown into the weight reduction furnace. Feel like a conqueror of the steepest peaks!
Downhill (DH), or downhill
Amplitudes and speed, cliffs and spans, landing, sharp turn, flight to nowhere… Oh, are you still alive? Then the mountains are your element! An injection of adrenaline in the heart awaits everyone at the top!
The name of this cycling discipline is taken from alpine skiing and fully describes the task - to move down the mountain as quickly as possible. A bike with two shock absorbers and a strong linkage, weighing no more than 20 kg, will help here (weight here is just as important as in the XC). On light but durable motorcycle-style bikes, the "fathers" of this discipline can jump over up to three series of jumps in one swoop.
A DH bike is really heavy: riding it just like that, and even more so uphill, seems to be a rather problematic task. Here we come to the rescue ski resorts with chair lifts, where special routes for cyclists are built in summer. No need to take water and spare cameras with you (all this should be waiting for you downstairs). If you get distracted during the race, the fight will be lost - in DH the fight goes on for a split second. On the track, a helmet with chin protection (full face), goggles, a protective shell, knee pads with shin protection, gloves with protective plates, and in some cases motor boots - special boots assembled from impact-resistant plastic will help you more. And may the strength, control and stability be with you!
Freeride (FR)
Freeride is freedom in everything, where everyone wants to rise and go beyond the limits of what is possible.
Previously, the word freeride united all extreme directions in MTB, but now this concept means free descent from the mountain outside the tracks and paths at the highest possible speed. Freeride originated as pure fun, pleasure, and opposed itself to long-existing disciplines, which in their development relied on the possibility of skiing only on specially prepared tracks. But this is just a pathetic definition of such a broad concept that was once taken from snowboarding.
This discipline is dominated by two-suspension devices, similar in design to downhill devices, but undergoing changes depending on their purpose. It happens that a person is fond of dropping - jumping from rocks from a great height, then his bike can weigh more than 20 kg. If a person just likes to do crazy things and it doesn’t matter if he goes down or up, then you need a bike no more than 17 kg. Climbing skills and endurance are only welcome here, because lifts do not "grow" everywhere and, unfortunately, they are not found in the most interesting areas. From the clothes you will need: a helmet "with a chin" - full face, full protection all parts of the body, a backpack with a hydraulic system, and the rest of the equipment is up to your imagination. And remember: a good freerider is an old freerider! No fluff to you ...
North Shore (NS)
Translated from English, North Shore means "northern coast". This discipline really appeared in the north, off the Pacific coast of Canada, near the port city of Vancouver. There, in the Cordillera, freeriders began to build various structures from wood that helped them overcome interesting sections in the mountains. This explosive mixture of natural terrain with wooden structures makes the track more dangerous and interesting. North Shore is jumps and landings, narrow paths at a height of several meters, swings, spinning wheels and other things that the imagination can only suffice for. In general, build better - ride harder, that's the motto of the NS fan. Any bike with short chainstays for quick starts (see What a mountain bike is made of) and a good cushioning system for good landings will do for this kind of extreme cycling. The weight of the bike depends on your wishes, the harder the ride, the heavier the bike. Usually such riding does not require serious physical training, but you will have to acquire the skills to master the technique of tree riding!
Therefore - anneal the rubber, but do not catch the nail!
Dual Slalom (DS), or Parallel Slalom
One of the oldest types of extreme cycling, the name and idea are borrowed from skiing. Two athletes rush down the mountain, divided into two parts, enter turns and overcome jumps. Whoever arrived first is right. And so - until you defeat everyone who stood with you in front of the starting gate. But in 2002, dual slalom officially gave way to biker cross (4X), as discussed below.
Biker Cross (4X)
4 people participate in the race. The fours are formed based on the results shown by the athletes on the basis of the previous races. All four riders start at the same time on the same track, which is usually about 250 meters long. The first and second participants who have come to the finish line go to the next round of the competition. In the finals, the four strongest riders meet, who compete for the first four places. Before the final heat, a small final is held for the losers of the semi-final heats. It distributes places from 5th to 8th.
Note to spectators: there may be some unintentional contact between riders on the track during the course, which will not be penalized if it does not contradict the spirit of fair play and sporting attitude towards rivals. Such rules, of course, add entertainment and mass character to this sport. 4X should use wide tracks, which leaves a lot of room for your imagination. Reaction and good sprinting qualities come in very handy here, as the lead is usually played at the start and then held throughout the race. Don't forget to pick right bike: it should be a hardtail with short top tube and short chainstays, light hitch, contact pedals and rolling tires. All this will reduce the acceleration time, which is so important in this discipline. Weight sports equipment should not go off scale for 12 - 13 kg. It is necessary to approach accessories very carefully, this, of course, is not downhill, but it is no longer cross-country. So you will need to wear a bowler hat, glasses, knee pads and elbow pads. Since the ride takes one to two minutes, a backpack and other bells and whistles are not needed. Explore the trail on foot, then do a couple of warm-up exercises and give it a whirl!
Trial (TR)
Jump from a height, jump on rear wheel, jump on the pedestals, turn the "degrees" and try to become a cat. In trial competitions, the main task is to pass the track faster than others. Typically, an obstacle course is made up of various objects, such as: cars, truck tires, boulders, building materials, and even real or artificial waterfalls. Judges must carefully monitor that the athlete does not touch the track with his feet.
A trial bike has the following features: the frame is as low as possible with shortened rear stays and an elongated front triangle, there is often no saddle, the frame is very light and rigid; the wheels are wide and not heavy. Rigid or lightweight suspension forks are also used. Bicycles of this category are always distinguished by an enviably low weight, sometimes even to the detriment of strength qualities. good bike with 26-inch wheels will weigh about 9 kg. From the equipment here, a light helmet, shin guards, gloves and wide-soled skate shoes will come in handy.
So if you do not want to use a bicycle as a means of transportation and the world of tricks beckons you, then you should think about buying a trial bike.
Dirt jumping (DJ)
You are flying through the forest on a bicycle and suddenly you take off into the air, release the steering wheel, and then your legs (thus performing the nothing trick) ... A moment of free flight, the ground is already approaching and you grab the steering wheel, put your feet on the pedals and the next "camel" appears in front of you . It's not about the zoo. A camel (or "dirt") is a springboard divided into departure and landing, between which there is a void (because everyone is too lazy to carry another 40 buckets of earth because of such a coward as you). To start practicing this discipline, you need to have a nearby forested area. Not necessarily with ready-made turds - you can build them yourself. Believe me, if you treat it with intelligence and design thought, it can capture you more than skating itself. Your bike should be BMX-like: hardtail with one gear (single speed), no suspension fork, no front brake to perform the front wheel spin trick, wide BMX "stomp" pedals, wide tires, etc. The weight in this discipline is not critical, many manufacturers produce steel frames in order to save your money and increase the strength of the bike. At first, it's hard to feel in the air, and a heavy bike is the best assistant - there is something to "cling to". Although at some point you want to fly higher and further, then everyone starts thinking about weight again.
Dirt does not require special endurance or strength qualities, the only advice is to start with small jumps and remember the main rule: "Get out - crawled away" so as not to interfere with the enjoyment of others. From the outfit you will be helped by a "bowler hat", knee pads, good gloves with long "fingers" and skater sneakers. You can bring a bottle of water with you, it is not necessary to jump with it, but it will help your friends to quench their thirst. The hunt has already begun.
Street
You are rushing through the city, hot from tension, there are traffic jams around you, crowds of people, but you know who is the owner of these streets and how to deal with it all. On the left is a "clogged" road, on the right is a sidewalk full of people. Your eyes are looking for an exit, and you make a jump and ride along the wall ...
Street is not yet a discipline, but it is already a fairly common style of skating. And most of the biker people in the cities try to ride that way. The street takes its name and origin from BMX: the guys on mountain bikes liked to jump and spark from railings and parapets, jump from stairs, run onto walls and generally conquer the urban terrain in every possible way, adding to this various MTB tricks.
For these purposes, hardtails are used, like models from biker cross and dirt jumping. Although relatively recently appeared the new kind street bikes, which have frames and cranks made of steel, for greater strength and "indestructibility" when sliding along the railing and during accidental falls. Wheels for better handling are reduced from 26 inches to 24, the weight of such a bike reaches 14 kg. In this style, skills from north shore, trials and dirt jumping will come in handy. Among the street party it is fashionable to skate in casual style mixed with skater and heavy-metal symbols. People travel without protection, but this does not mean that they rush into the pool with their heads and do not calculate their every step, commensurate with the level of their professionalism and the danger of the situation.
Night is a good friend of any streeter, especially in big cities where there are fewer cars at night and right places brightly lit. Try a new dimension, collect your unique collection of tricks. All this is waiting for you right outside your window ...
Slope Style (SS)
This style came to us from snowboarding, and it's something absolutely stunning. Imagine a track that incorporates north shore structures, freeride drops, trial obstacles and dirt jumping camels that transition into street themes (eg trucks and cars). And the whole thing concludes with a half-pipe taken from winter views sports. Yes, the strongest will win here - the one who was able to master all the previous styles and take the very salt from them. At competitions, judges do not look at the time of passing the track, but only at the style, quality, beauty, diversity, and even the relevance of certain tricks. There are few such competitions, but they exist, gathering huge crowds of spectators, these are: Red Bull Rampage, Adidas Slopestyle and Crankworx Slopestyle. Bicycles are used differently - if the departures are large enough, then bikes for freeride of a small size are suitable, if everything is not so scary, then a "bike" for a street is just right. Spins, flips, slides (grinds)… Figure out how to cheat gravity and you can rise above the ordinary!
So you know about all twelve types of cycling. Choose any, they all deserve respect and a serious approach. As a precaution, never repeat the tricks that other riders are doing without first trying them in a safe place and with a smaller amplitude. Do not make rash acts, keep the situation under control. It's always better to come to your senses and get away from danger in advance than to spend time in the company of grandpas with a broken femoral neck later. Use protection and find yourself a friend or instructor who will help you and explain the basics. When you buy a street bike, don't ever say that cross-country riders "suck their paws" compared to street or slope guys. It also cannot be said that cross-country is the only Olympic sport, so the rest only breathe dust in pursuit. Respect all two-wheeled brothers and remember, even 10 years ago mountain bikes were almost the same...
In order to start cycling off-road, you need a good bike, and to know how to choose it, this article is intended!
“Why do you need a mountain bike if you live in the city?” - most often asked by people who do not understand anything about it. But, it's not uncommon that the title doesn't quite fit the content: the mountain bike handles well on pavement, and it also handles well on roads with frequent ups and downs. Sure, a mountain bike can't keep up with a road bike on flat, smooth surfaces, but the MTB doesn't care if it hits a pothole or pothole. So if you need reliable bike, then it is the mountain bike that should become it.
A simple example: you decide to ride in the local forest park or go out of town. An asphalt bike won't allow you to do this, because there is no deep tread pattern on the tires and a straight steering wheel for a confident ride. At the same time, moving along the highway on a mountain bike, there is no discomfort as such. The main disadvantage is that the mountain bike will not allow you to develop maximum speed.
So, if you: prefer cycling; often drive on bad roads; looking for a versatile bike,
MTV will become the best option. Now let's understand the features of choosing a mountain bike.
To each his own: we determine the dimensions of the model
Before looking at the number of gears on a bike, its brake system or evaluate the manufacturer, you need to limit the search for the model that is ideal for you. To do this, first decide on physical parameters bike.
Here key moment consists in choosing the dimensions of the frame, the length of which directly depends on your height. There is a standard size chart for mountain bikes.
As can be seen from the table, at all neighboring points there is a junction of sizes, which is due to the orientation to different styles ride. For example, if your height is 175 centimeters, and you prefer an aggressive ride, it is better to prefer the "18th" frame to avoid injuries to the "19th" frame. For riders who prefer quiet, measured rides, a larger frame is considered a priority.
Now you should decide on the diameter of the wheels. Most often on the market there are models with 26- and 28-inch wheels. The latter are characterized by a massive rim, excellent grip, slow acceleration, but significant momentum. They greatly affect the weight of the mountain bike, so they are not very suitable for sharp and maneuverable riding.
The 26s are the complete opposite of the niners: with a lot of rolling, they are ideal for long distance cycling marches and racing on flat terrain.
Hardtail, full suspension, or which MTB design do I need?
A classic mountain bike is equipped with only a front suspension fork without rear suspension. Hence the name "hardtail", which literally translates from English as "hard tail". In the manufacture of the frame for these bikes, aluminum alloys are most often used to ensure the light weight of the model. Bikes like the Cannondale Trail 6 are fun to ride on forest paths, parks, and rugged terrain in general.
We recommend choosing a full suspension for connoisseurs of a comfortable ride: rear depreciation will make itself felt when driving on gravel or stones, when descending from hills and mountains. True, the cost of really high-quality bikes with a pair of shock absorbers significantly exceeds the price of hardtails with a similar body kit. This is due to the presence hydraulic brakes. Note that full-suspensions like the Bergamont Fastlane Team and GHOST RT Actinum 5700 will be comfortable to use for people who have problems with the spine.
Look at the transmission and brakes
It is customary to refer to the transmission of any bicycle as front and rear shifters, shift knobs (shifters), front and rear sprockets. On standing models, a Shimano body kit from the Alivio line and above (Deore, Deore LX, SLX, Deore XT, XTR) is installed. Sram also manufactures quality components.
Selecting the right gear on your mountain bike will help you climb hills more easily, go through rough terrain better, or stay confident on the highway. In the front, in most cases, there are 3 rear gears - from 3. We recommend choosing models with at least 8 rear stars, preferably with 9 or 10. More speeds (from 24) will allow you to establish complete control over the behavior of the MTV on a particular surface.
And a little about the brakes. They are rim, mechanical disc and hydraulic disc. Rim (they are vibrakes) guarantee normal operation only in dry weather, and if suddenly the wheel starts to go “eight”, then you can not hope for vibrakes. Hydraulics provide almost instantaneous stopping after a light touch of the brake lever, but only an experienced rider will figure out how to adjust them. Mechanical discs are the best option: they are reliable both in rain and mud, and even when the wheel behaves unstable due to loosening of the spokes.
Summarizing
A mountain bike is the most versatile bike that is designed to conquer bad roads, but performs quite well on paved surfaces. When choosing a bike, first decide on the frame size and wheel diameter, then the overall design of the model, and only then pay attention to the transmission and brakes. A good starting mountain bike would be a bike like the Cronus Holts 340, a hardtail with mechanical disc brakes, 27 speeds and an aluminum alloy frame.
Source: technoportal.ua
Task 1 of 15
1 .
Are the Rules violated in the situations depicted?
Right
f) tow bicycles;
Wrong
6. Requirements for cyclists
6.6. The cyclist is prohibited from:
d) hold on to another vehicle while driving;
f) tow bicycles;
Task 2 of 15
2 .
Which cyclist does not break the rules?
Right
6. Requirements for cyclists
6.6. The cyclist is prohibited from:
Wrong
6. Requirements for cyclists
6.6. The cyclist is prohibited from:
b) move on motorways and roads for cars, as well as on the carriageway, if there is a nearby Bike Lane;
Task 3 of 15
3 .
Who must give way?
Right
6. Requirements for cyclists
Wrong
6. Requirements for cyclists
6.5. If the cycle path crosses the road outside the intersection, cyclists must give way to other vehicles moving on the road.
Task 4 of 15
4 .
What loads are allowed to be carried by a cyclist?
Right
6. Requirements for cyclists
22. Shipping
Wrong
6. Requirements for cyclists
6.4. The cyclist can only carry such loads that do not interfere with the control of the bike and do not create obstacles for other participants. traffic.
22. Shipping
22.3. Carriage of cargo is permitted provided that it:
b) does not violate the stability of the vehicle and does not complicate its management;
Task 5 of 15
5 .
Which cyclist violates the Rules when carrying passengers?
Right
6. Requirements for cyclists
6.6. The cyclist is prohibited from:
Wrong
6. Requirements for cyclists
6.6. The cyclist is prohibited from:
e) carry passengers on a bicycle (with the exception of children under 7 years of age who are transported on an additional seat equipped with securely fastened footrests);
Task 6 of 15
6 .
In what order will the vehicles pass through the intersection?
Right
16. Passage of intersections
Wrong
16. Passage of intersections
16.11. At the intersection of unequal roads, the driver of a vehicle moving along a secondary road must give way to vehicles approaching this intersection of carriageways along the main road, regardless of the direction of their further movement.
16.12. At the intersection of equivalent roads, the driver of a non-rail vehicle must give way to vehicles approaching from the right.
This rule should be guided by each other and tram drivers. At any unregulated intersection, a tram, regardless of the direction of its further movement, has an advantage over non-rail vehicles approaching it along an equivalent road.16.14. If the main road changes direction at the intersection, the drivers of vehicles moving along it must be guided by the rules for passing the intersections of equivalent roads.
This rule should be guided by each other and drivers moving on secondary roads.Task 7 of 15
7 .
Cycling on sidewalks and footpaths:
Right
6. Requirements for cyclists
6.6. The cyclist is prohibited from:
Wrong
6. Requirements for cyclists
6.6. The cyclist is prohibited from:
c) walk on sidewalks and footpaths(except for children under 7 years old on children's bicycles under adult supervision);
Task 8 of 15
8 .
Who has the right of way at the intersection with the bike lane?
Right
6. Requirements for cyclists
6.5. If the cycle path crosses the road outside the intersection, cyclists must give way to other vehicles moving on the road.
Wrong
6. Requirements for cyclists
6.5. If the cycle path crosses the road outside the intersection, cyclists must give way to other vehicles moving on the road.
Task 9 of 15
9 .
What distance should be between groups of cyclists moving in a column?
Right
6. Requirements for cyclists
Wrong
6. Requirements for cyclists
6.3. Cyclists, moving in groups, must ride one after another so as not to interfere with other road users. A column of cyclists moving along the carriageway should be divided into groups (up to 10 cyclists in a group) with a distance of 80-100 m between groups.
Task 10 of 15
10 .
Vehicles will pass the intersection in the following order
Right
16. Passage of intersections
16.11. At the intersection of unequal roads, the driver of a vehicle moving along a secondary road must give way to vehicles approaching this intersection of carriageways along the main road, regardless of the direction of their further movement.
Wrong
16. Passage of intersections
16.11. At the intersection of unequal roads, the driver of a vehicle moving along a secondary road must give way to vehicles approaching this intersection of carriageways along the main road, regardless of the direction of their further movement.
16.13. Before turning left and making a U-turn, the driver of a non-rail vehicle is obliged to give way to a tram of the same direction, as well as to vehicles moving on an equivalent road in the opposite direction straight or to the right.
Task 11 of 15
11 .
The cyclist passes the intersection:
Right
16. Passage of intersections
Wrong
8. Traffic regulation
8.3. The signals of the traffic controller take precedence over traffic signals and traffic signs and are mandatory. Traffic lights other than flashing yellow take precedence over road signs priority. Drivers and pedestrians must comply with the additional requirements of the traffic controller, even if they contradict traffic signals, traffic signs and markings.
16. Passage of intersections
16.6. When turning left or turning around at the green signal of the main traffic light, the driver of a non-rail vehicle is obliged to give way to a tram in the same direction, as well as vehicles moving in the opposite direction straight or turning right. This rule should be guided by each other and tram drivers.
Task 12 of 15
12 .
Flashing red signals of this traffic light:
Right
8. Traffic regulation
Wrong
8. Traffic regulation
8.7.6. To regulate traffic at railway crossings, traffic lights with two red signals or one white-moon and two red signals are used, having the following meanings:
a) flashing red signals prohibit the movement of vehicles through the crossing;
b) a flashing white-moon signal indicates that the alarm system is working and does not prohibit the movement of vehicles.
At railway crossings, simultaneously with the prohibitory signal of the traffic light, an audible signal may be turned on, additionally informing road users about the prohibition of movement through the crossing.
Task 13 of 15
13 .
Which vehicle driver will pass the intersection second?
Right
16. Passage of intersections
16.11. At the intersection of unequal roads, the driver of a vehicle moving along a secondary road must give way to vehicles approaching this intersection of carriageways along the main road, regardless of the direction of their further movement.
16.14. If the main road changes direction at the intersection, the drivers of vehicles moving along it must be guided by the rules for passing the intersections of equivalent roads.
This rule should be guided by each other and drivers moving on secondary roads.
Wrong
16. Passage of intersections
16.11. At the intersection of unequal roads, the driver of a vehicle moving along a secondary road must give way to vehicles approaching this intersection of carriageways along the main road, regardless of the direction of their further movement.
16.14. If the main road changes direction at the intersection, the drivers of vehicles moving along it must be guided by the rules for passing the intersections of equivalent roads.
This rule should be guided by each other and drivers moving on secondary roads.
16 Crossings
Wrong
8. Traffic regulation
8.7.3. Traffic lights have the following meanings:
A signal in the form of an arrow, allowing a left turn, also allows a U-turn, if it is not prohibited by traffic signs.
The signal in the form of a green arrow (arrows) in the additional (additional) section (sections), turned on together with a green traffic light, informs the driver that he has an advantage in the direction (directions) indicated by the arrow (arrows) over vehicles moving from other directions;
f) a red signal, including a flashing one, or two red flashing signals prohibit movement.
A signal in the form of a green arrow (arrows) in the additional (additional) section (s) together with a yellow or red traffic light informs the driver that traffic is allowed in the indicated direction, provided that vehicles moving from other directions are allowed to pass unhindered.
The green arrow on the plate, installed at the level of the red signal of a traffic light with a vertical arrangement of signals, allows movement in the indicated direction when the red traffic light is on from the rightmost lane (or the leftmost lane on one-way roads), subject to the provision of an advantage in traffic to its other participants moving from other directions to a traffic light signal allowing movement;
16 Crossings
16.9. While driving in the direction of the arrow switched on in the additional section at the same time as the yellow or red traffic light, the driver must give way to vehicles moving from other directions.
While driving in the direction of the green arrow on the table set at the level of the red traffic light with a vertical arrangement of signals, the driver must take the extreme right (left) lane and give way to vehicles and pedestrians moving from other directions.
