What kind of Savat: the history of the origin and rules of French boxing competitions. Types of martial arts ► French boxing (savate) The origin of French boxing
Savat (French boxing) rules.
These "Rules" are drawn up taking into account the basic requirements of the competition rules of the International Federation of French Savate Boxing and are mandatory for organizations holding savate competitions throughout Russia. Officials (team leaders, coaches, athletes, judges, official delegates) participating in competitions, must be guided in their actions by generally accepted standards of conduct and ethics. They are obliged:
Know and comply with these competition rules and regulations;
To be self-possessed and correct in relation to colleagues and rivals;
Show high moral qualities, observe the moral principles of sports - honesty, nobility, adherence to principles;
To do everything necessary for the development of Savat, taking care of the health of athletes.1. Sections and systems of competitions in savate.
1.1. In savate, there are two sections of the competition:
1.1.1. “Asso” - light contact (L’assaut) is a section in which it is forbidden to deliver accented (strong) punches and kicks, but technical skill and accuracy of hits are taken into account.
1.1.2. "Komba" - full contact (Le combat) - a section in which accented kicks and punches are allowed. Depending on technical and competitive level athletes are:
- "Pre-combat" (Le pre-combat), when the helmet and shin guards are the mandatory equipment of the athlete (series 2).
- “Combat” (Le combat), when the use of helmets and shields is prohibited (series 1). The section in which the fights are held is established by the “Regulations on Competitions” drawn up by the organization conducting these competitions. 1.2. Competitions can be team, personal, personal-team. In personal competitions, only personal results are determined. In team competitions, only the results of the teams are determined. In personal-team competitions, both personal and team results are determined. 1.3. Competitions can be held:
1.3.1. According to the system with the elimination of the losing athletes after the first defeat.
1.3.2. According to the round robin system, in which the savate player meets with each of the opponents of his weight category. According to the results of the fights, the athlete receives points:
Victory: 3 points;
Defeat: 1 point;
Draw: 2 points;
No show: 0 points;
Disqualification: - 1 point.
In case of equality of points scored, the finalists are identified according to the following criteria in descending order of importance:
1. The winner in a personal meeting with an opponent who has an equal number of points.
2. An athlete who received fewer warnings.
3. The athlete with the most victories.
4. The athlete who weighed less at the weigh-in.
5. Athlete, younger in age.
The competition system is established by the "Competition Regulations", which is drawn up by the organization conducting these competitions.
Competitions in the "komba" section are held according to the tournament system in two stages:
I. Qualifying Tournament(until the final) is held in the "pre-combo" section according to the formula of 3 rounds of 2 minutes and no more than two fights per day.
II. The final takes place in the combo section:
juniors and women: 4 rounds of 2 minutes;
men: 5 rounds of 2 minutes.
Competitions in the "asso" section are held according to the tournament system in one stage with a fight formula of 3 rounds of 2 minutes and no more than four fights per day.2. Age categories.
2.1. Men and women, boys and girls competing separately in their age groups are allowed to participate in competitions. Competition between persons of different sexes is prohibited.
2.2.1. Asso section:
Boys and girls - 12, 13 years old
Boys and girls - 14, 15 years old
Boys and girls - 16, 17 years old
Men and women - 18 years and older
2.2.2. Sections "pre-komba" and "komba":
Boys - 16, 17 years old
Juniors - 18, 19, 20 years old
Women - 20 years and older
Men - 21 years and older.
2.3. Athletes up to 15 years old inclusive can compete only in the “asso” section, from 16 years old in the “asso” and “pre-comba” sections (series 2), and only from the age of 18 can start competing in the “comba” section ( series 1). Athletes under 19 years of age can compete only in the “asso” section, from 20 years old they can also compete in the “komba” section (series 1).
2.4. Russian athletes participants participating in official Russian and international competitions must have the citizenship of the Russian Federation.
3.2. The following weight categories are defined in savate: men and juniors up to 56 kg; up to 60 kg; up to 65 kg; up to 70 kg; up to 75 kg; up to 80 kg; up to 85 kg; over 85 kg. women up to 48 kg; up to 52 kg; up to 56 kg; up to 60 kg; up to 65 kg; up to 70 kg; up to 75 kg; over 75 kg. youths (16 - 17 years old) up to 52 kg; up to 56 kg; up to 60 kg; up to 65 kg; up to 70 kg; up to 75 kg; over 75 kg. girls (16 - 17 years old) up to 48 kg; up to 52 kg; up to 56 kg; up to 60 kg; up to 65 kg; up to 70 kg; over 70 kg. youths (14 - 15 years old) up to 48 kg; up to 52 kg; up to 56 kg; up to 60 kg; up to 65 kg; up to 70 kg; over 70 kg. girls (14 - 15 years old) up to 45 kg; up to 48 kg; up to 52 kg; up to 56 kg; up to 60 kg; up to 65 kg; over 65 kg. boys (12 - 13 years old) up to 45 kg; up to 48 kg; up to 52 kg; up to 56 kg; up to 60 kg; up to 65 kg; over 65 kg girls (12 - 13 years old) up to 42 kg; up to 45 kg; up to 48 kg; up to 52 kg; up to 56 kg; up to 60 kg; over 60 kg.4. The admission of athletes to competitions.
4.1. The admission of athletes to competitions is carried out by a mandate commission consisting of: a secretary, a chief judge, a doctor, a representative of the organization conducting the competition.
4.2. Beginners are allowed to compete after at least one year of special education and training.
4.3. The following documents are submitted to the credentials committee:
Application for participation in competitions, certified in the city medical and sports dispensary (see Appendix No. 2);
ID card (with photo);
Medical passport (with medical examination data and examination by a doctor giving permission to participate in competitions, but not earlier than three days before the start or departure for them);
Sports passport (where the athlete’s category is indicated according to the EVSC, data on the results of his performances in competitions and technical category);
Insurance policy;
Compulsory medical insurance policy (in case of hospitalization).
5. Medical control /
5.1. The organizers of the competition must provide a medical service consisting of one or more doctors.
5.2. The medical service must provide assistance, if necessary, to all athletes, officials, spectators.
5.3. The medical service checks the athletes' sports and medical passports and signs the "Weighing Protocol".
5.4. Doctors must not leave the competition hall, except for the evacuation of athletes or officials.
5.5. At competitions in the “komba” section, an ambulance team with a car is required to be on duty.
6. Weighing athletes
6.1. Weigh-in is carried out on scales checked and marked by the chief referee.
6.2. Participants are allowed to make control estimates on the main scales, but not more than twice.
6.3. Athletes weigh in naked or in swimming trunks.
6.4. The weigh-in must begin on the first day of the competition and be held for at least one hour. The weighing time may be increased by the organizers of the tournament depending on the number of participants in the competition. Weigh-in must end no later than one and a half hours before the start of the fights.
6.5. During the weigh-in, the athlete provides the panel of judges with an identity card.
6.6. Athletes who did not participate in the official weigh-in are not allowed to compete.
6.7. After the end of the set weighing time, the chief judge declares the weighing finished.
7. Draw and pairing
7.1. The draw is carried out by the chief referee in the presence of representatives of the teams that have passed the weigh-in.
7.2. Pairs are made up as follows: a savate wrestler with No. 1 meets with a savate wrestler No. 2, a savate wrestler No. 3 - with a savate wrestler No. 4 and so on. The number of pairs in the first round depends on the number of athletes in a given weight category and is determined in such a way that round in this weight there would be 2, 4, 8 or 16 athletes. Athletes with large numbers remain free from fights in the first round.
7.3. During the draw of participants, the strongest savate players (champions of Russia, winners of the Cups and championships of Russia), as well as athletes of the same organization, can be “scattered”. In this case, the schedule can be drawn up in such a way that the strongest are free from fights in the first round.
8. Equipment and protective equipment of the savatee
8.1. Each athlete must enter the fight in clean, neat overalls that comply with the rules of Savat.
8.2. Wearing jewelry during the fight (earrings, chains, rings, etc.) for safety purposes is prohibited.
8.3. Competitions can be held only if the savate players have the appropriate uniform and mandatory protective equipment, namely:
8.3.1. Gloves.
Must be in good condition (no cracks, tears or other damage).
Boxing gloves for savatists in weight categories: up to 48 kg 6 oz
48 kg - 52 kg - 56 kg 8 oz
60 kg - 65 kg - 70 kg 10 oz
75 kg - 80 kg - 85 kg 12 oz
over 85 kg 14 oz
The gloves are laced, then tied at the back and covered with soft adhesive tape.
8.3.2. Bandages.
Before the fight, savate players bandage their hands elastic bandages, the size of which is not more than 5 cm in width and 2.5 meters in length. The use of adhesive tape is prohibited.
Bandages and gloves before the fight are marked by the chief referee or the deputy appointed by him.
8.3.3. Shoes.
Sports shoes should be on soles, the thickness of which is from 2 to 5 mm, without protrusions, without heels.
The laces should be wrapped with soft duct tape around the ankle.
The top of the shoe must be made of soft material (leather, suede, etc.) and must not exceed 5 cm.
8.3.4. Overalls.
A sleeveless jumpsuit made of lucra or other elastic material is a specific form of French boxing.
8.3.5. Protective equipment.
Mandatory means of protection are:
Capa - protection for teeth;
Bandage - groin protection;
Chest protector (for women).
In competitions in the form of a "pre-comb", shin guards (made of soft material that does not contain any hard parts) and a combat helmet (with an open chin) are also required.
In competitions in the form of an asso, the use of a combat protective helmet for shin guards is at the discretion of the athlete.
In komba competitions, the use of a protective helmet for shin guards is prohibited.
Before the fight, protective equipment is checked by the referee.
A savate player who enters the ring without mandatory protective equipment and fails to eliminate its shortcomings within two minutes is disqualified.
9. Obligations and rights of savatists
9.1. The Savate must:
Know and comply with the "Competition Rules";
Before weighing, present an identity card and hand over to panel of judges athlete's passport to fix the result of the fight;
Two fights before entering the ring, approach the chief referee or the deputy appointed by him with bandaged hands to mark the bandages, put on gloves in his presence;
Follow the referee's orders;
Present in a neat manner;
Have two seconds;
Before the start of the first round, as well as after the announcement of the result of the fight, exchange the greeting “Salute” with the opponent;
At the command of the referee “Alle”, start the fight, at the command of the referee “Stop”, stop, and then continue the fight only on the command “Alle”;
During the breaks between rounds must be facing the center;
In the event that his opponent was in a knockdown position, as directed by the referee, move to a neutral corner and stay there, standing with his back to the ropes, until the next command;
Be correct in relation to the opponent and the referee;
Consult a neurologist and an ophthalmologist if he had a knockout or a knockdown from a blow to the head, and only after their permission to start training or participate in competitions.
9.2. Savatist has the right:
During the break between rounds, before the fight and after the fight, use the services of no more than two seconds;
Refuse to fight at any stage;
Contact the panel of judges through the head, coach or team captain, in between rounds - through the second.
10. Seconds
10.1. Seconds can be coaches or qualified savate players.
10.2. During the fight, the seconds are obliged to be near the ring and not leave their place, to assist the athlete during the breaks between rounds, as well as at the end of the fight.
10.3. One of the seconds has the right to be in the ring before the fight, after the fight and in between rounds until the referee's command "Seconds out of the ring!".
10.4. The second on behalf of the savate player has the right to refuse the fight by throwing in the ring towel.
10.5. It is forbidden for a second to, in any way, give advice, help or encourage an athlete during a fight, refuse to fight at the moment when the referee is counting.
10.6. 3a violation of the rules a second may be reprimanded or removed from seconding; for his violations, the referee may announce a warning to the athlete. A second away from the ring is not allowed to second throughout the day. If the second is removed from the ring for the second time, then he is removed from the competition.
10.7. The second has the right to file a protest, which is handed to the chief referee in writing by the head of the delegation until the end of the competition.
10.8. Seconds must be in sportswear and in sports shoes without heels.
11. Team representation
11.1. The composition of the delegation is determined by the "Regulations on the competition".
11.2. The head of the delegation is responsible for the discipline of all members of his delegation.
He is obliged:
Ensure their timely appearance at competitions, organize and conduct educational work;
To be present at the draw, as well as at the meetings of the refereeing board, if they are held together with the team leaders;
During the competition, stay in specially designated places for them.
11.3. The head of the delegation has the right:
In case of violation of the "Rules" or "Regulations on the competition", submit a written protest indicating the paragraph of the "Rules" or "Regulations" that, in your opinion, have been violated. The protest must be filed before the end of the competition;
Require the chief referee to endorse a copy of the protest, if dissatisfied with his decision, indicating the reason for the refusal;
Ask the GSK to keep a control note on the battle;
Appeal against the actions of the chief referee in the French Boxing Federation of Russia, attaching a certified copy of the protest and evidence of the violation.
11.4. The coach during the competition is with the participants and is responsible for preparing the fighters to enter the ring. In some cases, the coach performs the duties of the head of the delegation, which is stipulated by the "Regulations of the competition".
11.5. The team captain is chosen from among the participants. He, along with the leader and coach, is responsible for discipline in the team.
11.6. The team doctor is responsible for the medical support of the team members and supervises the work of the massage therapist. He has the right to apply to the chief physician for the removal from the competition for medical reasons of the participants of his team.
12. Panel of judges
12.1. The panel of judges of the competitions is formed by the Federation of the corresponding level and is coordinated with the organization conducting these competitions.
12.2. Main judge competitions, according to the results of which the title of “Master of Sports of Russia” is awarded, and one of his deputies are appointed by the Presidium of the French Boxing Federation of Russia.
12.3. The direct management and conduct of the competition is entrusted to the main panel of judges (HJC), which includes: the chief judge, referee, secretary and a representative of the organization conducting the competition, who has a referee category in savate.
12.4. Judges can be persons who have been assigned a judicial category.
12.5. Judges wear a uniform: a white shirt, dark trousers, dark socks, sports shoes without heels, a dark bow tie and the emblem of the panel of judges. When out of the ring, judges may wear jackets at the discretion of the Ground Jury.
12.6. During the competition, the judges must be in the places reserved for them.
12.7. At the same competition, a referee cannot act as a head of delegation, coach or second.
12.8. Refereeing of each fight is carried out by three or five side judges and a referee.
12.9. The Ground Jury may keep a control note for each bout.
13. Chief Judge
13.1. The chief referee conducts competitions in accordance with the "Rules" and "Regulations on competitions".
He is obliged:
Check the condition and readiness of the competition venue, inventory, equipment, facilities for judges and athletes;
Conduct weigh-in and draw of savate players;
Assign referees and judges to judge fights;
After the fight, check the correctness of filling in the judges' notes by the judges and, based on the decision of the majority of them, determine the winner;
In cases where there are errors in refereeing when determining the winner in a fight, in case of disagreement between the judges, in case of an invalid referee's note, the chief judge announces the winner by decision of the main panel of judges;
Suspend athletes, coaches, referees and other officials from competitions who have violated discipline and ethical standards;
Analyze the work of referees and judges, evaluate their activities and, in case of gross errors, remove them from refereeing;
Upon receipt of a protest, make a decision and announce it no later than 1 hour later; in case of refusal, at the request of the team leader, endorse him, indicating the reason;
In case of a knockout, make a mark in red ink in the sports passport of this athlete;
Not later than five days after the end of the competition, submit a report to the French Boxing Federation of Russia;
Inform the French Boxing Federation of Russia about the emergencies that have taken place, both during the competition and after it.
13.2. The chief judge has the right:
Cancel competitions if the place of their holding, equipment or inventory do not meet the requirements of the rules, about which an act is drawn up;
Stop the competition, announce a break if, under unfavorable conditions, the competition place has become unusable or the spectators interfere with the normal course of the battles by their behavior;
Make changes to the competition program, if necessary;
Move during the competition the referee and judges to perform other duties related to the conduct of the competition;
Keep a GSK control note for each fight;
Deprive awards of boxers disqualified for violation of the rules; - involve the best judges to maintain control notes;
Cancel any decision if it considers that it was made in error; if a question arises due to the interpretation of the rules, the final decision is made by the chief referee and the panel of judges;
Stop the fight and give the necessary instructions to the referee in case of a gross error or replace the referee if he fails to referee the fight;
Stop the fight at the reasonable requirements of the chief doctor in case of injury to the savantist;
Stop the fight and declare the winner due to the clear advantage of one of the athletes, if the referee does not stop the fight, and the actual situation requires it;
To give a command to continue the fight if the referee, having stopped it, made a mistake;
Make a decision in all cases arising during the competition, not provided for by these "Rules".
14. Deputy Chief Judges
14.1. Deputy chief referees, together with the chief referee, are responsible for the correct conduct of the competition and, in his absence, perform his duties.
14.2. On behalf of the chief judge, they analyze the work of the referee and judges, as well as supervise the work of the judicial support staff.
14.3. They can keep a checklist.
14.4. The chief doctor of the competition is the deputy chief judge for medical support. He supervises the work of the medical staff and is responsible for the medical support of the competition.
15. Referee (judge in the ring)
15.1. The referee judges the fight in the ring, he monitors the observance of the rules of the fight and in his actions proceeds from the interests of preserving the health of the athletes.
15.2. Before the start of the fight, the referee instructs the athletes to greet each other with the French boxing salute “Salute”. This gesture is performed by moving right hand from the left shoulder to the front at the beginning and end of each bout. The savate salute serves to show respect for the opponent and to express a willingness to abide by the rules.
To direct the fight, the referee uses the commands:
"Salute" - a command for saluting the opponent, judges, spectators by the savatists.
"Hangar" - the command means: "Attention, get ready" (the savatist must take a fighting stance); served before the start of the fight and when it is resumed after the “Stop” command.
"Halle" - this command is used to start the fight and continue it after the referee stops.
"Stop" - command to stop the fight.
15.3. The referee must: - know the rules of French boxing perfectly;
Before the fight, check the gloves and protective equipment of the athletes, make sure that the full composition of judges, a doctor and seconds are available, inform the chief judge about
The readiness of the opponents for the fight and after his permission to give a command to the referee - the timekeeper;
Gather two opponents in the center of the ring before the start of the fight in order to give them the necessary instructions;
During the break after each round, check the completion of the referee's notes by the side judges;
After the end of the fight, collect referee's notes, check the correctness of filling and transfer them to the chief judge;
After the end of the fight, check the marking of the judge on the bandages of both savate players;
If the savatists violate the rules of combat, give the “Stop” command and issue a remark or warning;
When knocked down, give the “Stop” command, indicate to the savate player who sent the opponent to the knockdown, to which corner of the ring he should move and start counting seconds;
Stop the fight at any stage in the following cases: a clear advantage of one savate wrestler over another, disqualification of the athlete, refusal of the savate wrestler or his second to continue the fight, knockout, inability of the savate wrestler to continue the fight (if the referee doubts the nature of the injury, he seeks the advice of a doctor, and the decision of the doctor in this case is final).
In all cases of stopping the fight, the referee communicates his decision to the chief judge and brings this decision to the judges.
15.4. The referee has the right:
15.4.1. Reprimand the savate player for a minor violation of the rules by stopping the savate player and the chronometer with the “Stop” command.
15.4.2. Announce a warning to the savatist for violating the rules, stopping the savatists and the chronometer with the “Stop” command, require the fighters to go to neutral corners, point with their hand at the athlete who violated the rules:
The first warning can be given:
a) by the referee himself, after several remarks to the athlete or in case of violations of technical, sports or refereeing rules;
b) after questioning the opinions of the judges (if two judges out of three or three judges out of five agree);
The referee calls and shows the nature of the violation. At the same time, the judges express their opinion with gestures (see paragraph 16.7.). After that, he resumes the duel with the “Alle” team, having previously placed the savatists in a combat stance with the “Angar” team.
The second warning is given by the referee in case of a new violation of the technical, sporting or judicial rules by one of the savate players, who already had the first warning, after polling the opinion of the judges (if two judges out of three or three judges out of five agree).
The referee announces by voice and gestures the nature of the violation, the judges express their opinion with gestures. In this case, the referee informs the GJC about this. After that, he resumes the fight with the “Alle” team, having previously placed the savate players in a combat stance with the “Angar” team. Each warning leads to an automatic deduction of a point in the referee's notes.
In competitions in the "asso" section, warnings are also given with an accentuated (strong) punch or kick.
15.4.3. To disqualify a savate player after polling the opinion of the judges (by a majority of votes):
After the second warning in the event of a new violation by the athlete of technical, sporting or refereeing rules;
Immediately (after questioning the opinion of the judges or the referee himself) in case of gross violation of the rules or unsportsmanlike behavior towards the opponent, officials or the public.
The Referee announces by voice and gestures the nature of the violation. At the same time, the Judges express their opinion with gestures. If they agree (by a majority vote), the referee announces to the chief judge his intention to disqualify the athlete.
If both savate players break the rules, they both receive comments, warnings or are disqualified.
15.4.4. Stop counting the knockdown to the savate player if his opponent has not moved to a neutral corner.
15.4.5. Disqualify a savate player who does not obey his commands, behaves offensively or aggressively towards the referee.
15.4.6. For the behavior of a second that violates the normal course of the duel, the referee may:
Announce a remark to the second;
Announce a warning to the second for a repeated violation;
Issue a warning to the athlete and remove the second for a third violation.
15.4.7. Stop the fight ahead of time due to circumstances beyond the control of the otsavatists, judges, seconds.
15.4.8. Stop counting with a heavy knockout and urgently call a doctor to the ring.
15.4.9. When announcing the result of the fight, the referee raises the hand of the winner.
15.4.10. The Referee makes a decision in all cases that arise during the fight and are not provided for by these Rules.
In the event that the referee, for whatever reason, cannot continue refereeing, he is replaced by another referee.
16. Judge (side judge)
16.1. Each judge must independently evaluate both participants and determine the winner in accordance with these Rules.
16.2. The referee must not talk during the bout to the competitors, to any other referee, or to anyone other than the referee. During the fight, the judges have the right to communicate with the referee during the break between rounds and inform him of their observations or recommendations.
16.3. The referee determines the outcome of each round by the points that he enters during the fight on the reverse side of the referee's note (in accordance with paragraph 21.2.).
16.4. The referee must record the scores awarded to both participants at the end of the round, without errors or corrections, on the front side of the score sheet immediately after the end of each round, as well as make notes about knockdowns and warnings.
In case of an error, the referee must ask for a new note, fill it out and pass both copies through the referee at the end of the match to the chief referee.
16.5. At the end of the match, each judge counts the total number of points, determines the winner, puts his signature in the referee's note, which is passed by the referee.
16.6. The referee must not leave his seat at the referee's table before the announcement of the winner.
16.7. If the referee accepts sanctions, the judges show their decision with a gesture:
Consent - a hand raised above the head;
Disagreement - arms crossed in front of the face;
No opinion - hands raised on each side of the head.
In the case when two judges out of three or three out of five agree with the referee who violated the rules, a warning is announced.
16.8. In the case when the referee announces a warning to the savatist, the side referee notes this in the referee's note.
17. Timekeeper
The timekeeper during the fight obeys the referee, acting on his signals and instructions.
He must: - be in close proximity to the ring, closely monitor the progress of the fight and be ready to fulfill the referee's command;
At the beginning of each round, turn on the stopwatch after the referee's command "Halle";
Notify with a gong signal about the beginning and end of rounds, help the referee count seconds in case of a knockdown;
At the end of each round, the timekeeper strikes the gong and at the same time starts a second stopwatch to measure the minute of rest;
5 seconds before the end of the minute of rest warns "5 seconds" before the end of the break. At 60 seconds, strikes the gong and waits for the referee's command to turn on the stopwatch;
After each referee's command "Stop", the timekeeper:
Stops the stopwatch;
Only after the referee's command "Halle" the timekeeper starts the stopwatch again;
Do not signal the end of the round after the referee's "Stop" command, if this command occurs, on last second round. Only after the referee's command "Halle" can the timekeeper signal the end of the round;
If the time of the round has expired while the referee is counting, the signal for the end of the round is given only after the referee's command "Halle".
The timekeeper must have a referee diploma.
18. Host (judge - informant)
18.1. The leader is appointed by the organizer of the competition. He may be selected from among the panel of judges.
18.2. The host announces:
Battle status;
Battle level (1/4, 1/2, final);
Combat section (asso, combo, series);
the chief judge, the organizer of the competition, the panel of judges;
Referee and judges before each fight.
18.3. The host names and introduces athletes in each fight (city, club, category, sports achivments, number of fights), their coaches, angle.
18.4. The host announces the result of the fight at the direction of the chief judge.
18.5. The host announces to the public all the information, official messages of the organizer of the competition or the chief judge.
19. Duration of the fight
19.1. Depending on the age of the athletes, their level of training and the section of the competition, the following duration of the fight is set:
Boys, girls 12 - 13 years old (section "asso") beginners and all categories 3 rounds of 1 min
Boys, girls 14 - 15 years old (section "asso") beginners and all categories 3 rounds of 1.5 minutes
Girls 16 - 17 years old beginners and all categories 3 rounds of 2 minutes
Boys 16 - 17 years old beginners and all categories 3 rounds of 2 minutes
Juniors 18, 19, 20 years old beginners and 3 category 3 rounds of 2 minutes (combo section) 2 categories and above 4 rounds of 2 minutes
Women 18 years and older (asso section) Beginners and all categories 3 rounds of 2 minutes
Women 20 years and older beginners and 3 category 3 rounds of 2 minutes (combo section) 2 categories and above 4 rounds of 2 minutes
Men 18 years and older (asso section) beginners and all categories 3 rounds of 2 minutes
Men from 21 years old beginners and 3 category 3 rounds of 2 minutes each (combo section) 2 category and above 5 rounds of 2 minutes
19.2. There is a 1 minute rest break between rounds.
19.3. In competitions that are held according to the tournament system (i.e. several days in a row) in the "comba" section for juniors, men and women, preliminary fights (until the final) are held in the "pre-combo" section (series 2) of three rounds of two minutes.
The final fights take place in the combo section (series 1):
Juniors - 4 rounds of 2 minutes;
Women - 4 rounds of 2 minutes;
Men - 5 rounds of 2 minutes.
20. Legal strikes and targets
20.1. The following techniques are allowed:
Hand punches:
Jab - straight punch;
Hook - side kick;
Uppercut - a blow from the bottom up.
Leg kicks:
Frontal (direct) chassis - direct frontal impact;
Lateral (lateral) chassis - kick to the side;
Fuete - circular kick;
Reverse - heel strike from the side or from above at an angle of 45 degrees;
Reverse - tornan - blow with rotation;
- "sweeping" - a blow to the shin.
All kicks are allowed to be applied only with the foot. Shin kicks are prohibited.
20.2. Permitted hitting surfaces:
a) for kicks:
Front and side surfaces heads;
All surfaces
Savate is a box of French origin., it uses both arms and legs equally, elements of western boxing are used in combination with kicks. The rules of wrestling only allow kicks, unlike other martial arts that allow kicks and knees.
Savat is a unique style, in which opponents wear boots.
Savate was created on the basis of two French schools that studied kicking. One school was in Paris, the other in the south of France, not far from Marseille. Her first name was "Marseille Surprise", due to the peculiarities of the style for any fighter. However, the most famous name for the style was "chausson". It was used by soldiers and sailors as entertainment during long voyages on ships of that time.
Savat of the Riga school was considered the most cruel. “Sawat” is translated as “fight in slippers”, or “trodden shoe”, and the slang version of the translation of this word is a tramp, a tramp. It was among them that the techniques of the Parisian version of savate were improved and transmitted, which explained their cruelty and effectiveness.
In 1830 the famous fighter Charles Lecourt, who was engaged in boxing and fencing in addition to savate, decided to open his own school, because. he was not satisfied with the reputation of this fight as rough and brutal, applicable to street fights.
He taught Savata to members of the bourgeoisie and freelancers: doctors, lawyers, artists. Lecourt removed the most dangerous techniques from his school in order to make a sports fight out of savate, in addition, he combined punches from boxing and kicks from savate into one technique.
In 1832 the unification of both species into a new discipline was successfully completed. Lecourt began teaching a new sport called "French boxing". A special code of honor was created, the rules, Lecourt informed the general public about the basic techniques.
The writer of that time, Theophile Gauthier, who was also a student of Lecourt, wrote that savate, which for a long time was an unfair struggle of vagabonds, was miraculously transformed by Charles Lecourt into a real art.
Among the students of Lecourt were many celebrities of that time, such as Baron de La Rochefoucauld, Alexandre Dumas.
However, Joseph Pierre Charlemont is considered to be the true founder of French boxing., who was not only the most prominent specialist of his time in this sport, but also published a whole system that defined the essence of French boxing for more than sixty years.
The era of Charlemont began in 1862, when Charlemont Sr. made a successful tour of Europe, and its end is considered to be 1924, when the students of Charlemont Jr. showed French boxing as a national sport on Olympic Games.
Now the French Boxing Federation includes 59 countries, including Russia.
Savate Competition Rules (French Boxing)
In savate, there are 2 sections of the competition:
- "Asso" - light contact - this is a section in which you cannot apply strong punches and kicks, the quality and accuracy of the technique is important.
- "Komba" - full contact - a section in which strong blows with the limbs are allowed.
Depending on the level of training of athletes, there are “Pre-komba”, when protection is mandatory, and “Komba”, when the use of protection is prohibited.
Competitions are divided into team, personal, personal-team. Competitions are held in several stages of 2 minutes each, depending on the section and stage of the tournament.
All athletes must go to the fight in clean sleeveless overalls, which must fully comply with the rules, as well as use protection in the form of gloves, bandages, special protective equipment. Before the fight, the savate players bandage their hands with elastic bandages, which are marked by the judge before the fight. Special means include protection for teeth, groin area, chest - for women. Before the fight, all protection is checked, in case of violations in the equipment, the athlete is disqualified.
Fights are judged on the basis of an assessment of the quality of equipment and combat, the effectiveness of combat. In each round, points are given to athletes according to a certain system, and a draw is possible only in one of the rounds.
Video: sawat martial arts France
The content of the article
FRENCH BOXING SAVAT(Savate), a type of combat sport and self-defense system. The arsenal of techniques used includes both striking techniques (with legs, knees, hands), as well as all kinds of grips, creases, throws and painful locks. Work with improvised objects is provided - a stick, a cane, etc. The system of self-defense techniques allows one person to fight with several opponents at the same time. Included in the training system of the French army.
The name "French boxing savate" became common after World War II. (It is also called European kickboxing.) As a sports discipline, it is now cultivated in many countries. French boxing competitions are regularly held, including the world championships for men and women every two years.
Rules.
Fight formula.
It takes place in a standard boxing ring 8×8 m and can consist of 2, 3, 4 or 5 rounds, each of which lasts a minute, one and a half or two minutes of "effective" fighting time (time-outs appointed by the referee are not included in the timing of the fight) . The break between rounds is one minute.
Competitions are held according to the rules close to the rules of kickboxing, full-contact karate and euro-thaiboxing (the European version of Thai boxing - without elbows to the head). Hard contact with hands and feet is allowed.
In savate, both a victory on points and a clear victory (knockout) are possible.
Fights are held in gloves weighing 16 ounces - 454 g, lightweight shoes and gymnastic leotards or sports trousers and a T-shirt. Of the protective equipment, mouthguards are used, as well as (in some types of competitions) helmets, shields, body protectors, etc.
Sparring.
There are three types of them.
Conditional contact – strikes must be technically correct, accurate, fast, but not strong. In such fights, the technical skill and individual style of the fighter are evaluated.
Semi-conditional contact - blows are applied to full force, but at the same time, opponents use the entire set of protective equipment: helmets, shields, body protectors, etc. In addition to technique and style, semi-conditional sparring also takes into account the effectiveness of strikes and the morale of the competitors.
Full contact - no protective equipment is used, strikes are delivered with full force and on top speed. Evaluated, first of all, "combat" leaving a sports duel.
Permitted and prohibited equipment.
In savate, percussion techniques of hands and feet are distinguished. Corresponding strikes are classified depending on the direction and nature of the movement of the leg (total - 11 categories of strikes) and arm (straight punch, uppercut, swing and hook). Protective equipment includes various cares and blocks.
In addition to those permitted by the rules in the Savat technique, there are also prohibited techniques, the use of which is allowed only for the purpose of self-defense, but not during sports fights. These include:
blows below the belt (with the exception of kicks to the leg);
kicks on the back of the neck, on the back of the head and on the top of the head;
dangerous movements (head, knee, etc.)
in women's competitions - any blows to the chest area.
The rules also prohibit pulling or pushing an opponent, striking while holding the opponent, hitting him while he is lying in the ring or trying to get up, kicking him, leaning his hands on the floor or ropes, dragging out the fight.
Weight and age categories.
According to international rules, participants in French boxing competitions are divided into 18 (conditional sparring) and 14 (semi-conditional and full contact) weight categories. In the first case, the category up to 24 kg is considered the smallest, and the largest - over 89 kg. In the second classification, respectively: 39–42 kg and over 85 kg.
Age division includes eight categories: 7-9 years old, 10-11, 12-13, 14-15, 16-17, 18-20, 21-34 and 35 years and older.
Qualifications.
Since the Second World War, there has been a division into ranks in French boxing.
Like the colored belts adopted in karate, colored - "student" - stripes are used here. on gloves around the wrist one inch (2.5 cm) wide: blue, green, red, white, yellow. There are three levels of silver stripes for instructors and a gold stripe for professors.
It is believed that a student - subject to continuous training - can fulfill the standard of "yellow gloves" in two years. All degrees from blue to yellow gloves are assigned to the applicant by an instructor or professor at the club where the athlete trains.
Silver gloves are assigned by the Technical Commission of the National Federation of French Boxing. To be eligible for the First Class Silver Glove Examination, an athlete must: be at least 16 years of age, have at least two years of boxing experience, and be “yellow gloves”. Admission to the examinations for each subsequent degree of silver gloves, as well as for the degree of professor, requires two years of training between assessments.
To qualify for a professor's degree, it is necessary to demonstrate theoretical knowledge in the amount of a graduate of a physical education institute or college. To pass the exam for a professor's degree, an athlete must win at least once in a prestigious tournament, or be in the top three at least three times. At the same time, it is impossible to obtain a professorship in France without being a French citizen.
In addition to the colored stripes on the gloves, boxers wear the corresponding emblem on the chest, on the left side. The presence of the emblem is mandatory for participation in competitions, seminars and exams. Only boxers who have passed the examination for a degree not lower than the "red gloves" can participate in the competition.
The birth of French boxing. Its components.
French boxing was based on savate, chausson, English boxing and fencing.
Savat.
An old folk entertainment in which two rivals tried to kick each other in the shin. The name comes from the French "savate" (meaning "old worn shoe"). The most widespread - as a type of duel - received among loaders, workers, vagrants, criminals, cabbies, etc. When exactly the savate originated, there is no exact information. For example, the French historian Michel Delaye believes that he appeared on the outskirts of Paris in the 17th century.
Blows in savate were applied with a toe, edge or heel of a rough shoe on the shin, knee, groin or stomach. Hand strikes played an auxiliary role and were carried out mainly with the edge or base of the palm, less often with fists. Targets for defeat by hands - ears, temples, nose, throat, carotid arteries, back of the head.
Over time, the fun of commoners was transformed into a kind of duel and hand-to-hand combat. A whole dueling code of savators was formed. The fights were either very tough (“to the death”), or in a milder version (“to the first blood”). Hard martial arts were fought in rough boots lined with nails, in this variant of savat almost everything was allowed - blows to the throat with hands, kicks in the groin, etc. In a milder version, kicks were allowed to lift the foot on the lower leg and thigh, and hands were allowed to work only on the body.
In the middle of the 18th century one of the most famous masters of the dueling savate was the former dancer Baptiste. He is credited with the authorship of several kicks at the upper level.
Punches to the head were introduced into Savat by criminals. The emphasis was on incapacitating the enemy with a single blow: gouging out an eye, breaking a throat, tearing an eardrum, etc. Criminals were also the first to use all sorts of improvised means - brass knuckles, clubs and knives.
Chausson.
From fr. chausson (night slippers). In the middle of the 17th century. in Marseilles, a game was popular among French sailors in which you had to touch your partner above the waist with your foot in soft shoes. Over time, local sailors began to use kicks to the body and head during fights. Often French sailors sorted things out with the English. The British, for the most part, were good at “working” with their hands: the school affected English boxing.
Techniques borrowed from the British over time significantly enriched the technique of French boxing. Chausson became popular with the general public much later than Savat, at the beginning of the 19th century. It is believed that the term "chausson" itself appeared in 1829.
Parisian chausson masters introduced chubby leather gloves. They were worried about the safety of the faces of profitable clients who studied the basics of martial arts, the bulk of which were wealthy young people.
The "calling card" of the chausson was a kick to the head. But at the same time, it was not strength that was valued in the chausson, but the speed and accuracy of strikes, the technique and dexterity of the participants in the duel. The peak of fashion for the chausson falls on 1830-1848.
English boxing.
The art of boxing, combined with wrestling and fencing with poles and clubs, existed in the British Isles even before the Norman invasion. By the 17th century There were three styles of hand-to-hand combat: Westmorland, Devonshire and Cumberland. From their mixing, boxing arose.
The art of English boxing in France was well known, and not only because of the port brawls of sailors. There were boxing clubs in Paris where English specialists taught.
One of the founders of French boxing, Charles Lecourt, studied English boxing in London, and then continued his studies in Paris, with an English trainer named Adams. Lecourt was a strong savate fighter, but inferior to the English specialists in hand technique. Thanks to him, there was a synthesis of French boxing and English. He also coined the term "French boxing", published a code of boxers, rules (basically repeating the Broughton boxing rules of 1743) and a statement of the main techniques.
Unlike English boxing, in which they fought for a long time with bare hands, Lecourt immediately introduced gloves. In addition to boxing, Lecourt taught at his gym fencing.
Fencing.
In classical French boxing, which existed before the outbreak of the Second World War, the influence of fencing was clearly visible. For example, the combat stance repeated the fencer's stance, leaving the line of attack was not recognized: the opponent's blows had to be parried. The main ones were direct punches and kicks. Punches were carried out with a lunge forward - in the manner of fencing. It is characteristic that the accuracy of hitting and the speed of movement and striking were valued above the force of the blow.
Further development of savate.
As an independent discipline, French boxing was finally formed by the middle of the 19th century. Its further development is connected, first of all, with the activities of such outstanding masters as the father and son of Charlemon. And Pierre Barusi.
The era of the Charlemons.
An acclaimed fencing master, Joseph-Pierre Charlemont began studying French boxing in Algiers, where he military service. In 1862 he traveled to a number of European countries, where he challenged the famous masters of English boxing, swordsmen on sticks and representatives of other martial arts. He did not know defeat in any duel.
In 1871 he took an active part in the Paris Commune, but after the defeat of the Communards, he was forced to flee with his son Charles to Belgium. There, Charlemont developed his own martial arts system, streamlined the fights and published a book on French boxing.
Upon his return to Paris in 1879 he opened the French Boxing Academy. He spent his last fight in Marseille in 1897, at the age of 57, with Michel Zhinoux, and won. Great fighter and an excellent organizer, Charlemont Sr. had a huge impact on the further development of French boxing, in fact, turning it from dubious fun into a real combat sport.
In 1899, he handed over the leadership of the Academy to his son Charles Charlemont, whom he taught the basics of boxing technique from a young age. Charles became the first French boxing world champion in history: in 1899 he won a sixth-round fight with English boxing middleweight champion Jerry Driscoll.
French boxing in the 20th century Activities of Pierre Barousi.
Pierre Barusi (aka Count Barozzi and Baron de Santorin) devoted 97 years 83 to French boxing.
From 1922 to 1937 11 times became the champion of France in the middle, light heavyweight and heavyweight. In total, he entered the ring more than 200 times, not counting demonstration performances. Last Stand held at age 70.
In 1924 he represented French boxing at the Olympic Games in Paris. Since 1934, he headed the commission on French boxing in the leadership of the French Boxing Federation, which united two areas: French boxing and English.
In 1937, the last - before a long break - the French championship took place, the next one took place only 30 years later. On the eve of the Second World War, French boxing in France itself was practiced by no more than 500 people (for comparison: at the beginning of the 20th century their number exceeded 100 thousand). In 1938, the Academy of Charlemont closed and - despite the efforts of Barusi - French boxing was on the verge of extinction. This is primarily due to the huge competition from the Olympic sports disciplines and the absence of a strong and efficient organizational structure.
Until 1960, Barusi almost single-handedly published a magazine dedicated to French boxing, rented halls at his own expense, trained coaches, and paid salaries to instructors.
The revival of French boxing began in the mid-1960s. In 1965, Barusi created the National Committee of French Savate Boxing. The committee united 30 clubs throughout the country, with a total of about a thousand people involved. Ten years later, the committee was transformed into the National Federation. (Ironically, the first national federation of French boxing was created - back in 1922 - not in his homeland, but in Belgium, which, along with France and Italy, became one of the centers of the development of savate.) Since 1975, a genuine revival of French boxing begins. By the time the FIS was created in 1985 ( see below) The Federation of France had 25,000 members.
Baruzi died in 1994, being the honorary president of the national and International French boxing federations, created with his direct participation. The only thing he did not have time to do was to achieve the recognition of savate as an Olympic sport.
International Federation of French Savate Boxing (FIS).
It is known that international fights (with the participation of savaters of Belgium, France and Italy) were held at the beginning of the 19th century. However, the creation of the International Federation became possible only at the end of the previous century.
It was organized in March 1985 at a meeting of representatives of 11 states. At first, it united about 20 countries: Belgium, Ivory Coast, Great Britain, Germany, the Netherlands, Greece, Spain, Italy, Cameroon, Portugal, Senegal, France, Switzerland, Yugoslavia, etc. Currently in the FIS (sometimes the abbreviation CIF is also used) includes national federations of more than 60 countries of the world, including Russia.
Under the auspices of the FIS, men's and women's championships world, Europe (since 1997 also tournaments of African countries, and since 2003 - Arab states) in various types sparring among adult athletes and juniors.
French boxing as a system of self-defense.
Develops in parallel sports direction. Comes from Michel Casso and Baron Fenier.
Michel Casso (born in 1794 in the suburbs of Paris) participated in street skirmishes from childhood and eventually gained a reputation as an experienced street fighter. In 1824 he published a pamphlet in which he described his own combat system, which he called "savate". Around the same time, he opened a number of gyms, where many representatives of the nobility worked out, including Sh. Lekur.
The basis of the Kasso system was made up of direct, lateral and circular kicks with legs shod in rough shoes, according to ankle joint, shins, knee, groin. It is better to keep your hands mainly below, to capture the opponent's legs and to block blows aimed at the groin. Kasso recommended punches with an open palm on the nose, ears and throat. In special cases, he advised to use a stick or brass knuckles.
The Casso system, which has nothing to do with sports, is nevertheless the progenitor of modern French boxing. Today in France there is a large group of enthusiasts who promote the "orthodox savate" as a national system of self-defense. This group is affiliated with the Francomb Martial Arts Association.
French boxing in Russia.
Savat boxing was introduced to Russia by a graduate of the Joinville high school Sports Ernest Lustallo. (A four-sided defense was developed at this school, which allowed the fighter to fight in 4 directions at the same time.) Having arrived in St. Petersburg in 1897 at the invitation of the Athletic Society of Dr. V.F. Kraevsky, Lustallo began to teach boxing, swimming, fencing and gymnastics: he had international champion titles in all named sports.
In 1899, the Athletic Society held the first national championship in French Savate boxing, where Ernest Lustallo, his students Guido Meyer and Franz Custers won.
In the USSR, French boxing was not cultivated. It was revived only at the end of the century, when in 1987 at the St. Petersburg Academy of Physical Education. P.F.Lesgaft, the world and European champion Richard Silla demonstrated to the students an unusual technique of martial arts. Head boxing department Vladimir Taymazov supported the development initiative effective system self-defense and developed a program of methods and instructions for training.
In 1989, at the invitation of the Savat Boxing Federation of Russia, now headed by the rector of the Academy of Physical Education, Professor V.A. Taymazov, specialists from France arrived in our country, who held the first international seminar for athletes, instructors, and judges.
In 1991, Russia made its debut at the World Championships in Paris: Petersburger Alexander Ievlev won silver medals, losing only to multiple European champion Francois Pinacchio, and Vadim Lapin (Arkhangelsk), who lost to world champion Andre Panza.
The official debut of our team at the European Championship - in 1992 - was even more impressive: 3 gold, 1 silver and 7 bronze medals. The first "gold" was won by Vladimir Konoplev (Ekaterinburg), who defeated the titled Frenchman Valerie Boucher. Lesgaft students Sergei Volodin and Sergei Andrianov performed brilliantly, becoming the winners of the continent among youth.
Now Savat boxing development centers operate in St. Petersburg, Ufa, Yekaterinburg, Krasnodar, Volgograd, Saratov, Murmansk, the Republic of Sakha and other regions of the country.
Successfully perform at international tournaments and Russian athletes who have mastered the technique of the female savate, which is gaining popularity . Natalia Larionova became the European champion three times in ten years of performances and received the Grand Cup of the World Champion. Elena Logunkova from Ufa became the champion of the world and the continent. For many years, representatives of St. Petersburg Elena Fatkullina were leaders in the international arena, Svetlana Gashuta and Natalia Ageevets.
From 1991 to 2002, at the European and World Championships, Russians won a total of 13 gold, 36 silver and 28 bronze medals.
The President of the European Savate Boxing Federation is currently V.A. Taymazov, who initiated the World Savate Universiade.
Igor Ryazantsev
Being engaged in martial arts, many come to what Bruce Lee once described in his book “The Way of the Leading Fist” - the search for new information about other systems in order to expand their horizons and combat arsenal. Daniel Daby confirms this rule with his film Street Savat. In addition to Savate, he studied Kung Fu, Sambo, Jujutsu and is naturally familiar with the works of Bruce. In turn, this left an imprint on his technique and allowed him to consider the technique within the framework of Jeet Kune Do.
He studied French boxing with the master of the traditional (non-sporting) Savate, Philippe Boujoma. Masters with extensive experience in street fights. Most likely, it was this experience that allowed him to keep the kicking techniques in his boot in his arsenal. Which are of the greatest applied interest, and which are discussed in the most detail in this video.
This authentic striking technique using the heel and welt of the boot is covered in each of the four parts. This is due to the fact that it fits perfectly into the framework of self-defense.
After all, we often walk in shoes, and not barefoot. This means that we need to take into account the advantages that shoes give us - protecting the foot during impact and using the sole with its edges as a striking surface. This increases the arsenal and efficiency of kicks.
Another aspect to pay attention to is the way the leg is swung. Which gives us some tactical advantages in combat. It is here that you can find a place for kicks in shoes that are different from the classic options accepted, for example, in karate.
Each part of the video has its own specific theme.
In the first part of the film, Daniel Daby is the basic technique and warm-up exercises.
In the second, the secrets of French boxing are all sorts of tricks and tricks that have survived to our times and are known to a few masters of our time.
The third part, on stopping kicks, explains the authentic technique using the heel and considers Savat as an integral part of Jeet Kune Do.
Fourth, a lot of emphasis on working in the clinch, controlling the opponent with footwork at close range. This part deals with the techniques borrowed by him from other styles, which is the arsenal of his combat system.
In turn, he considers it as the embodiment of three aspects:
1. Street (applied) Savat.
2. Sports option.
3. Savat, as part of a personal combat system, that is, within the framework of Jeet Kune Do.
The film is useful in that it demonstrates a clear example of combining sports and traditional techniques within the framework of a personal combat system while maintaining an applied focus.
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Today, its rules define four forms of combat according to the degree of contact and allowed strike zones: limited contact; light contact; Full contact; free style (circular kicks on the legs are allowed) (Kulikov A., 1999.). Some authors believe that kickboxing is a synthesis of boxing, karate and judo (Filimonov V.I., Nigmedzyanov R.A., 1999.).
One of the best aids for learning kickboxing techniques can be considered educational films released by Benny Urquidez (Urquidez Benny, 1986; 1989.). In these tutorials, world kickboxing champion Benny Urquidez, who received sports world the nickname "reactive", consistently addresses many aspects of an athlete's training in kickboxing. These films are made in the form of a training seminar with athletes of different levels of training, the lesson is held in the Benny Urquidez gym and all the equipment is demonstrated by him personally (Benny "The Jet" Urquidez, nos. 1-6, 1986).
Another series of eight educational films produced by Benny Urquidez was distributed through Budostore (Paris) in 1989. Fundamental differences it did not have a previous training series and differed by the addition of two films: No. 5, "Savoir pour gagner!" (“know to win!”) and No. 7, “Une Self-defense efficace” (“ effective self-defense”) (Benny "The Jet" Urquidez, "Budostore", 1989.).
We had a chance to meet the author of these tutorials at a training seminar in Moscow, where Benny Urquidez demonstrated kickboxing techniques in the ring, talked about himself and his path in sports. He was invited to conduct a seminar, which took place during the World Championship among professionals in kickboxing, with the participation of an athlete from our club, Sergei Andrianov.
When our athlete won the fight ahead of schedule, the champion belt was presented to him by Benny Urquidez. We asked the famous champion questions to find out his opinion about the fight and technique of our student. Mr. Urquidez readily answered questions and gave helpful tips, which were taken into account by us in our further work, both with Sergey Andrianov and with other athletes from the Russian national Savat team.
Summing up the consideration of kickboxing as a sport, we can draw the following conclusion: fighting without shoes forces kickboxers to fight at a shorter distance than in savate boxing.
Thai boxing(Thai boxing, thai boxing or muay thai) is a tough martial art that uses punches with gloves (as in English boxing), elbows, and legs - foot, shin and knee.
Textbooks on this type of martial arts, books and educational videos are now published under several names: muay thai, "muay thai - chakuriki", thai kickboxing, thai boxing, Thai boxing and Thai boxing. When describing this martial art, we adopted the name "thai-boxing", due to its brevity.
According to some authors (Artemenko O. L. et al., 2001.), it is impossible to establish the exact date of the birth of this type of martial arts, since in 1767 the Burmese troops destroyed the ancient capital of Siam, and all earlier historical documents were burned by the conquerors.
Today, Thai boxing is very popular in Thailand, with four TV channels showing Thai boxing fights several times a week. As for the "signature" strikes of tie-boxing, these are primarily elbow strikes (elbow strikes to the head are especially effective) and knee strikes.
As a tutorial on Thai kickboxing technique, you can use the film "Thai kickboxing", created by Panther Productions in 1986 (Pudpad Noy Worawoot, 1985.). This film was created with the participation of Thai boxing champion, nicknamed "Golden Leg" - Pudpad Noy Worawoot: "Fighting, training, techniques", it covers many aspects of training in Thai boxing: the traditional dance performed by Thai boxers before the fight, fighting stance, movement, punching technique.
For an idea of how Thai boxing is developing in the USA, you can read study guide in thai-boxing - "Thai kickboxing" released by "American Martial Arts University" (Master Robert Lyons, 1995.). The story about thai-boxing and demonstration of techniques in this film is carried out by "Master Robert Lyons" from the state of Florida.
Another guide to learning tie-boxing techniques, but on a higher level, can be called an educational film created by Tom Haring, a well-known trainer from Holland. Analyzing Tom Haring's "thai-boxing school", we can conclude that it successfully combines good technique English boxing and the traditional manner of fighting by Thai boxers (Thai boxing. The Hardest Sport On Earth. "Kwon", 1991).
Among other films about Thai-boxing, it is worth highlighting a series of four educational films (total duration - 3 hours), which deals with various aspects of teaching Thai-boxing ("Scorpio film", Nos. 1–4, 1992.).
Summing up the consideration of tie-boxing, we can conclude that in traditional tie-boxing, great importance was attached to power struggle, as well as the strength and rigidity of blows, which negatively affected the technique of movement. Strikes with the shin, knee and elbow dictated the need to fight at a closer distance than in savate boxing.
1.3. Terminology and explanatory French-Russian dictionary
The problem for coaches, athletes and judges who want to develop savate boxing in Russia was the lack of an initial information base. This primarily concerned such areas of research as the development and systematization of modern Russified terminology of boxing savate (allowing for a more concise and accurate description of techniques), as well as descriptions and classifications of techniques.
Certain difficulties were caused by the lack of an explanatory French-Russian dictionary of savate boxing terms, since the sports and terminological translation of many words from the savate boxing lexicon in general dictionaries and dictionaries dedicated to Olympic sports sports, absent. This created difficulties in communication between specialists, reduced the effectiveness of interaction between athletes, coaches and judges, and complicated the use of special literature.
The lack of a comparative analysis of the savate boxing technique with the technique of related types of martial arts led to a misunderstanding of the meaning of a number of techniques specific to savate boxing, and, as a result, to their incorrect interpretation.
Taking into account the above factors led to the need to develop these areas of research - the creation of an initial information base - for its further use in scientific, methodological and practical work.
table 2
Description of the stages of development of the initial information base necessary for the organization of the educational and pedagogical process of teaching Savat boxing
Systematization of terminology of boxing savate
Unlike the terminology of English boxing that has already become familiar in Russia, the terminology of French boxing savate is still in the process of formation and needs to be clarified. The international terminology of savate boxing is defined by the technical regulations of the French Savate Boxing Federation (which creates language difficulties in its use in Russia) and has shortcomings in the systematization of techniques.
This paper provides a systematic description of the terminological apparatus of savate boxing, which is more convenient for use. The terminology of savate boxing was based on the terminology of English boxing, adopted in Russia.
To name the elements of technique specific to boxing savate, the translation of the corresponding French term into Russian is used (for example, chasse - a straight kick), and in cases where the Russian-language equivalent is not able to fully convey the semantic content of the French term, it narrows or overly expands the meaning native word, the name is borrowed from the French language.
For example, a detailed description of a fouette kick (French - fouetté) can be represented as follows: a “whip-like” kick from the side, along an arc trajectory, from the outside-in towards the supporting leg, applied by the surface of the instep of the foot or toe. In practical work, such a long name of the impact is inconvenient to use.
With regard to borrowings, in this work we adhere to the view that is dominant in modern linguistics, according to which the borrowing of a name together with a concept is often preferable.
Many language researchers say that it is preferable to borrow a foreign name together with a concept, instead of choosing a name from the lexical means of “one’s own” language. The following are given as arguments in support of borrowing a foreign word:
1. Semantic certainty, “terminology” of borrowed words (Sorokin Yu. S., 1965; Lotte D. S., 1982.).
As Yu. S. Sorokin notes, new concepts must be expressed using stable terms. At the same time, as the researcher notes, many root words, due to their wide use and compatibility with other words, are characterized by ambiguity. On the contrary, borrowed words are often characterized by semantic unambiguity. According to Yu. S. Sorokin, they are “prone to terminology, that is, they act in the borrowing language as direct signs of known objects and concepts” (Sorokin Yu. S., 1965, p. 59.).
A similar point of view is shared by D.S. Lotte. One of the main reasons for borrowing terminological vocabulary, the researcher considers the need to combine the requirement of "scientific accuracy", on the one hand, and practical brevity, on the other. Foreign borrowing is most often associated with the whole concept: it is “used to express not any individual feature, but the totality of all necessary and sufficient features that characterize this concept” (Lotte D.S., 1982).
Yu. S. Sorokin points to the fact that borrowed words express the shades of the concept so emphatically and specifically that the semantic content of their and Russian-language correspondences is still different. (Sorokin Yu.S., 1965).
2. The tendency to match the indivisibility of the designated concept with the indivisibility of the signifier (Krysin L.P., 1968.).
L.P. Krysin points to the following fact: if the designated is a single whole, one phenomenon, then the language tends to call it one word, and not a phrase, (Krysin L.P., 1968.). For this reason, from the point of view of the researcher, a foreign word is often preferable to the original turnover (for example, the one-term expression “sniper” is often used instead of the two-term expression “marksman”).
We also took into account the experience of using foreign words when creating terminology in such sports as gymnastics and acrobatics (flips, rondat, kurbet), figure skating(toe loop, flip) and fencing (batman, remise, feint) (Urkan M. L., Shlemin A. M., 1977; Korkin V. P., 1981; Mishin A. N., 1985; Tyshler D. A. , 1978.).
The borrowing of a part of the terminology of boxing savate from the French language is also determined by the following extralinguistic factors:
1. The priority role of France in the development of French Savate boxing, where this sport originated and where the headquarters of the International Savate Federation (FIS) is located.
2. The release of a large amount of literature on savate boxing in French.
3. Official judging language international competitions in French boxing, savate is the French language.
4. Expanding contacts between Russia and France in the development of savate boxing.
The above factors determine the influence of the French language on the Russian terminology of savate boxing, which is expressed, in particular, in the penetration of borrowings into it. Below is a brief explanatory French-Russian dictionary of Savat boxing terminology and the system of terms adopted in this work.
Brief explanatory French-Russian dictionary of termsThe first column gives the term adopted by the International Savate Federation (FIS); the second column shows short description this technique performed by the author; in the third - the proposed term.
Table 3
Movement
Table 4
punches
Table 5
Direct frontal kicks
Table 6
Direct lateral kicks
Table 7
Side kicks
Table 8
Reverse frontal kicks
Table 9
Reverse lateral kicks
Table 10
Kicks from below
Table 11
protection
To name the elements of the savate boxing technique that can be described using the established sports terminology, in this work the corresponding terminology is used (mainly from the terminological system of English boxing).
Chapter II. Savat boxing technique
Direct lateral kick is performed by European champion Gilles Le Duigou
2.1. Technique and teaching methods
2.1.1. Fundamentals of a savate boxerCombat stance. The fighting stance in the savate box should create an optimal starting position, both for offensive and defensive actions. A typical fighting stance, from which training in technical actions in Savat boxing begins, is characterized by: a straightened position of the torso, slightly turned inward shoulders, slightly lowered head, fists raised to the height of the chin, elbows freely touching the front of the chest.
The position of the legs of a savate boxer in a typical combat stance is as follows: the left leg is extended forward, the body is turned with the left shoulder forward halfway to the opponent, the feet rest on the surface of the ring with the entire sole or only the toes, the toes are slightly turned inward, and the feet are located approximately shoulder width apart.
The distribution of body weight on the legs should be optimal and allow the athlete to freely act with the left, in front standing foot, which in savate boxing is most often used for striking and itself, in turn, is the most frequent target for attacks by the opponent.
The position of the right foot in the ring should be comfortable both for the frequently used escape defense (against kicks to the lower level) and for kicking on the jump, which is also often used in Savate boxing.
The left-handed boxer pushes the right leg forward and turns the whole body with the right shoulder forward.
The use of long kicks with the right leg, kicks with a body turn of 180 or 360 degrees and kicks with a significant displacement in the frontal plane, leads to the fact that during the fight the athlete repeatedly assumes the position of the right-handed, left-handed and frontal fighting stance.
The individualization of the fighting stance of a savate boxer can manifest itself in a different arrangement of feet in a fighting position, as a different manner of fighting and an individual manner of performing technical actions requires appropriate combat positions.
When kicking with a body rotation of 180 or 360 degrees, the head, shoulders and arms of the athlete are included in the general rotation movement with a slight delay, and the gaze fixes the opponent until the last moment (as far as the flexibility of the athlete allows him to keep the position of the arms and shoulder girdle unchanged). During the movement of the return and setting the shock leg in place (in the position of the combat stance), the protective position of the hands provides protection for the head and torso of the savate boxer from the counterattack of the opponent.
The setting of the hands and forearms in a combat stance should provide reliable protection torso and head from blows while moving around the ring in all episodes of the fight. The hands are approximately at the height of the chin, in order to timely protect the head from blows and kicks with the hands and forearms. The shoulders are relaxed, and the elbows are in a slightly inward position in front of chest. Elbows provide protection to the torso, participating in the implementation of defenses against punches and kicks with supports and rebounds.
With a frequent change of fighting stance during the fight (which is typical for fighting in Savate boxing), striking with legs with a body turn of 180 or 360 degrees, the Savate boxer must constantly ensure that his elbows are in the optimal position for defensive actions.
The typical stance of a savate boxer in a fight at a long distance is high, the body is straightened, the left arm can be extended forward towards the opponent, the body is strongly turned with the left shoulder forward, the left leg is in front of the right. The distance between the feet in the fighting stance at a long distance is slightly greater than the width of the shoulders. This position of the body allows the savate boxer, if necessary, to fight, using strikes and defenses only with his feet, preventing the opponent's attempts to close the distance and strike with his hands.
The space of combat interaction at a long distance has a greater length in length than in the frontal plane. This circumstance limits the ability of savate boxers to deliver kicks with a large displacement in the frontal plane and practically excludes the possibility of delivering punches with frontal displacement.
Typical stance of a savate boxer in a fight on medium distance usually semi-frontal, with the right leg closer to the left leg in depth and more forward than in a long-range fighting stance. This position of the legs allows the savate boxer to deliver kicks with a step in any direction, without leaving the position of the fight at a medium distance.
The body of the savate boxer is slightly bent, the shoulders are slightly turned inward, the position of the hands is higher than in the long-range stance, and they constantly protect the head from unexpected blows.
At close range, the savate boxer lowers his head and adopts a more grouped stance than in the middle range position, his right shoulder is more forward and he fights with a frontal torso position.
He flexes his torso more than in a mid-range combat stance and squats down slightly with a slight bend in his knees. The position of the feet is almost frontal, which allows savate boxers to strike with equal ease with both the left and right foot at any time of the fight on close range.
The small distance between the athletes at a close combat distance does not allow them to use the entire arsenal of savate boxing kicks, as well as to deliver kicks that are effective enough to end the fight ahead of schedule. Kicks at this distance more often play a connecting role in the course of a fight: with their help, savate boxers try to upset the opponent’s balance, divert his attention and deliver a decisive blow with his hand.
Since at close range of all the kicks used in savate boxing, only the lower kick can be delivered (due to the short distance), this distance is often preferred by athletes who are not technically trained enough to fight in the style of savate boxing.
A limited arsenal of kicks at close range (only one kick is possible - a low kick to the lower level), makes it easier for an athlete with insufficient technical training performing protective actions against kicks at this distance.
Movement around the ring. The most common type of movement in the ring in savate boxing is side steps, when combining punches and kicks, strikes are also used on a regular step under the opposite leg, and when kicking from a long distance, the main types of movements are side steps or a jump.
At the beginning of learning kicking techniques, relatively slow cross-step movement (marché-croisé) is used to move with kicks, this type of movement makes it easier for a beginner savate boxer to learn how to maintain body stability. With further study of the technique, cross-stepping is often replaced by a faster type of movement - jumping.
The ability to move freely and quickly during a fight in any direction is one of the most important skills in savate boxing. Kicks to the leg are one of the main weapons of savate boxing. To effectively protect the legs of a savate boxer from attacks to the lower level, the “easy” positioning of the legs in the ring, the ability to quickly strike with the foot in any episode of the battle, remove the leg from the opponent’s blow and in tempo deliver a counterattack with it in return.
The constant and tight setting of the legs in the ring by the boxer savate, "rooting" (according to the terminology adopted in some martial arts), deprives the athlete of the necessary mobility, fetters his actions and limits the ability to use the full scope of the technical arsenal of savate boxing.
In turn, easy and quick movement around the ring allows the savate boxer to constantly maintain a fighting distance, more successfully perform quick defenses legs from blows with escapes and pulls, to effectively mask the preparation of one's own attacks and to carry them out in a timely and sudden manner.
In order to deliver strong and long kicks to the body or to the leg, the savate boxer performs a squat on the supporting leg at the moment of the emphasis of the blow with a decrease in the O.C.T. of the body and rigid fixation of the muscles at the moment of contact with the target.
The ability of a savate boxer to quickly and timely move from light and fast movement around the ring to hard tension of the body muscles at the moment of applying an accentuated kick and again quickly move on to continue moving around the ring is determined by his technical level and ability to control the degree of muscle tension and relaxation.
The high pace of the fight with the frequent use of jump kicks places increased demands on the endurance of the savate boxer: the loss of mobility in the ring in the final rounds of the fight will lead to the loss of the fight, since the savate boxer will not be able to protect his legs from the opponent's blows.
“A necessary condition for conducting a battle is a change in the combat stance depending on the movements of the opponent” (Degtyarev I.P., 1979. - P. 25). Correction of the position of the body, depending on the actions of the enemy, can be carried out both by movement using steps along relatively simple and straight-line trajectories, and by jump movement with body rotation.
combat distances. In savate boxing, there are three main fighting distances: long, medium and close. The difference in the anatomical length of the arms and legs forces savate boxers to make adjustments when it is necessary to accurately determine the combat distance.
Far distance. At a long distance, a savate boxer, in a fighting stance, can strike with a leg or a straightened arm, making a jump or a step forward. The long distance allows you to strike with the leg almost completely extended in the final shock phase. The large mass of the leg compared to the arm, strong leg muscles, heavy savate boxers on the legs - all this makes long-range kicks a formidable weapon.
The close location of the vertical axis of the thigh at the time of the final phase of the impact to the O. C. T. of the body and the shorter distance from the support along the vertical, compared to punches, give kicks more rigidity and make it possible to strike at a long distance sufficient in terms of effectiveness of strikes of any foot.
To successfully fight at a long distance, a savate boxer needs to master the technique of movement well, be able to move equally well in the ring in any direction, and have a heightened sense of distance. “Calculating the distance at a fast pace of battle is one of the most difficult skills acquired only by constant practice in training battles” (Gradopolov K.V., 1965 - p. 31).
Average distance. The body position of a savate boxer in a fighting stance at a medium distance is lower and more collected than in a fighting stance at a long distance. Athletes are located at a distance from each other with a kick or a straightened arm (when striking with the body tilted forward), without the need to take a step forward to reach the strike distance, they are constantly in the zone of a possible attack, within the reach of any punch or kick, included in the arsenal of boxing savate.
A close distance from the enemy, who is at an average combat distance, does not give the athlete the opportunity to fully visually control his actions, therefore, at an average distance, the importance of the athlete’s skill to determine the structure of impact actions in the early stages of development of an impact, during preparatory actions, increases. This skill comes to an athlete as a result of a large amount of special work and is fixed in the course of conditional and free-style fights.
Forward movements during combat at an average distance are not used to change the strike distance; when striking with arms and legs, athletes use torso forward bends (when striking with a hand) or torso bends back (when delivering some kicks).
Body movements (leaning forward and back) allow the Savate boxer to change striking distance more easily and to link punches and kicks more quickly than when using movement. At the same time, stepping movements when striking make it easier for the opponent to apply sweeps, which are often performed at a pace along the walking leg and can lead to an imbalance or even to a fall of the athlete.
When determining the average distance in savate boxing, it must be taken into account that at this distance the distance at which it is possible to strike with a straightened leg without a step is insufficient in order to strike with a straightened arm without a step or torso tilt;
Close distance. At close range, strikes can only be delivered with an arm bent at the elbow (straight, from below and from the side) or a lower kick with a leg. The remaining kicks from the Savat boxing arsenal at close range are not applied, as they will, due to their specifics, have a form prohibited by the rules (according to the rules of Savat boxing, kicks are applied only with a zone protected by shoes, kicks or knee strikes are prohibited).
The lower kick is delivered almost straight in knee joint foot, so it can be applied from a minimum distance to the target and without a backswing. The close distance between savate boxers at close combat distance does not allow one to deliver a low kick with sufficient force to decide the outcome of the fight in one's favor.
