The most famous sports venues in the world. Sports zones of multifunctional parks Sports parks of the world structure design

Any sports facilities should be located among green spaces and, at best, near the water.

sports parks different in size and location - from very small among the existing urban development to vast territories of hundreds of hectares on the outskirts. They can be both independent and adjacent to the park as its continuation.

Architectural and planning solutions for sports parks depend on their purpose, natural and climatic conditions, range of facilities, etc.

The range of sports park facilities should meet the diverse needs of various categories of visitors in accordance with their age, desire for certain sports, and physical fitness.

The recreation area (park area) unites all zones and, in turn, is divided into several sections: active rest with playing fields, playgrounds, glades for physical education and sports and quiet recreation with the organization of a network of walking alleys and recreation areas. It is also recommended to create a children's zone, for which the skillful use of the terrain, landscape, plantings is of great importance.

Microclimatic conditions on the territory of sports parks can be significantly improved by a system of planning and engineering measures, with vegetation playing a leading role. Green spaces are necessarily included in each group of sports facilities, they have the property of unifying the environment, making it organic.

In Krasnoyarsk on the Yenisei, a large sports and recreation park on Otdykh Island has become a favorite place for mass festivities and walks for city residents. The composition of the park is free, although its main planning axis coincides with the main traffic routes for visitors (motorway and pedestrian alleys), dividing the park into two parts: an active recreation area (entertainment, sports, fitness) and a zone of quiet recreation and walks.

The center of the park's space-planning solution is a group of structures with a central arena for 30,000 spectators, a sports and concert hall for 6,000 people, a small sports arena, outdoor and indoor swimming pools, flat sports facilities, service pavilions, and parking lots are also located there.

The saddle-shaped stadium, round in plan, dominates the landscape of the park and is organically connected with nature by the wide expanses of the river and the mountains visible on the horizon. The sports and concert hall adjoins, on the one hand, pavilions and exposition areas of the flower exhibition, on the other hand, a zone of mass entertainment facilities. A significant area of ​​the park is reserved for the children's area.

The recreation area is a landscape park with a system of picturesque alleys. Along them in the glades - platforms and devices for board games and quiet rest. Placed in the zone

a large pond of irregular shape for swimming and bathing with a well-equipped beach strip. On the bank of the Yenisei there is a boat station with a slipway. The nomenclature of facilities and organization of the park allow it to be used for recreation and activities. physical education and sports in both summer and winter.

Noteworthy are the architectural and planning solutions and the improvement of some foreign sports parks.

Sports park on Otdykh Island in Krasnoyarsk: I - demonstration area. Sports complex: 1 - stadium for 31 thousand spectators; 2 - small sports arena; 3 - open swimming pool; 4 - indoor swimming pool; 5 - dressing room pavilion; 6 - sports grounds; 7 - cash desks; 8 - parking lots; 9 - economic zone; 10 - universal gym for 6 thousand people; 11 - exhibition pavilions; 12 - central exhibition area. Territory of mass entertainment events; 13 - restaurant, dance hall, cinema hall; 14 - gazebo; 15 - pavilions; 16 - Green Theatre; 17 - lawns for games; attractions; II - educational and training zone: 18 - training sports core; 19 - training football field; 20 - sports grounds; 21 - dressing room pavilion; III - children's zone: 22 - area of ​​​​pioneer parades; 23 - House of Pioneers; 24 - "Old Fortress"; 25 - Marine Club; 26 - playgrounds; 27 - "Flight into space"; 28 - viewing platform; 29 - children's depot railway; 30 - club rooms; 31 - children's stadium; 32 - buffet; 33 - labyrinths; 34 - rocket plane; 35 - the town of "merry little men"; 36 - autobicycle route; 37 - children's railway; 38 - board games pavilion; IV - recreation area: 39 - beach; 40 - swimming pool; 41 - dressing room pavilions; 42 - playgrounds for board games; 43 - cafe; 44 - rental pavilion; 45 - reading room; 46 - veranda; 47 - boathouse; 48 - boat station
Sports park in Tremblay, suburb of Paris: 1 - main entrance; 2- kindergarten; 3 - club; 4 - center water sports; 5 - ice rink; 6 - basketball and volleyball courts; 7- tennis courts; 8 - shooting range for archers; 9 - riding grounds; 10 - athletics center; 11 - sector of recreation and free games	Layout plan of the "Health" park in the Palanga resort in Lithuania: 1-2 - the main entrance and park facilities; 3,4,6 - entertainment sectors; 5 - group of sports devices; 7 - sector physiotherapy exercises; 8 - a group of pools with sea ​​water; 9, 10 - men's beach (general, therapeutic); 11 - common beach; 12, 13 - women's beach (general, therapeutic); 14 - maintenance of beaches; 15, 16 - seaside forest park; 17 - sculpture; 18 - artificial lake; 19 - the road to the balneary
People's Sports Park in Rihimäki (Finland): 1 - sports core; 2 - football field; 3 - summer stage; 4 - platform with terraces for spectators; 5 - tennis courts; 6 - bathing complex; 7 - indoor gyms; 8 - natural park; 9 - car parks

10 km from the center of Paris, architect. Bourbonnet designed a youth sports, recreation and entertainment park. Half of the entire territory (35 ha) is reserved for sports facilities, about 10 ha for parking lots for 3,000 cars and the remaining 30 ha for a recreation area.

Although a territory with a completely flat, uninteresting relief was allocated for the park, the widespread use of artificial relief techniques made it possible not only to functionally separate zones of different purposes, but also to create a modern picturesque park with good natural conditions for recreation and an interesting spatial composition.

The layout of the park is a ray composition, typical for French parks in the second half of the 17th century. Park alleys and roads fan out from the main building of the youth club, located at the entrance to the park; the beams are united by a number of circular alleys. The entire territory is an elliptical bowl. Around the central zone of recreation and walks there is a system of terraces, on which there are physical culture and sports devices. Creating a concave surface allows you to look at all the spaces of the park from any point.

In European countries, popular sports parks have become widespread. In them you can play sports games, go in for physical education, take a walk along the shady alleys, sunbathe on the open lawns. They are designed for visitors to relax in the open air among the greenery.

The main load on the parks occurs in the summer evening hours and on holidays, when equipment and devices for carrying out sports competitions And national games. During weekday morning hours, only sports and training complexes and park areas for quiet recreation are mainly used on the territory. An example is the folk-sports park in the Finnish city of Rihimaki, in which entertainment and entertainment facilities are located directly next to the sports area. All major planar and volumetric sports facilities are close to the entrances to the park from the side of the main highway.

At some distance from the main structures in the meadows, among the greenery, there is a summer stage and a complex of swimming pools. Most of the territory is organized as a quiet recreation area with a network of walking alleys and meadows in green areas.

Of great interest are special sports and recreational parks (LFK), which are widely used primarily in resort cities.

The exercise therapy park is a medical facility that has a close functional connection with sports center, but not adapted for demonstration activities. To organize a park, it is advisable to use the territory of a well-ventilated, dry, sparse forest on the shore of a reservoir or sea.

In the park "Health" in the resort in Palanga (99.5 hectares), most of the territory is occupied by a seaside pine forest with a network of walking alleys. Open glades and lawns are equipped for physical education, games and relaxation. In the western part, where the stream flows, a bathing complex and medical beaches are organized.

Exercise therapy parks are widely known due to the simplicity, accessibility and mass use of natural methods of treatment and strengthening the body with the help of natural factors. In winter, on park flat sports facilities in areas with appropriate natural and climatic conditions, skating rinks are arranged for mass and figure skating, hockey fields, paving ski slopes. Many foreign parks and green areas of cities are equipped with illuminated ski slopes, which Scandinavian urban planners consider "the biggest gain in the field of recreation, which, moreover, are cheaper than other sports facilities."

Olympic parks. An important event in sports life around the world are Olympic Games. For their implementation, unique sports facilities and entire complexes located in green areas are created.

In our century, the preparation of Olympic sports complexes requires the construction of not separate structures, but the creation of an interesting original landscape using various forms of space, combining the ensemble with the surrounding nature, rational use of facilities and the entire park after the end of the games.

Since ancient times, sport has accompanied human life, the history and development of sports are associated with the development of the material and spiritual life of society.

At the end of the 19th century, when economic, cultural and scientific ties between states expanded, it became necessary to hold international sports competitions. By the 1st Olympiad in 1896 in Athens, it was enough to reconstruct the ancient stadium somewhat. The II Olympiad was generally held in the clearing of the Bois de Boulogne in Paris. Later, for the Olympics, they began to build new sports facilities in green areas. The first Olympic stadiums of our time were built in 1908 in London and in 1912 in Stockholm. The X Olympiad was held in Los Angeles (USA, 1932) at a stadium with three-tier stands for 105,000 spectators, located on an area of ​​40.5 hectares.

Plan of the stadium of the XI Olympic Games in Berlin: 1 - approach from the center of Berlin; 2 - main gate; 5 - central arena; 4 - May field; 5 - open theater; 6 - platforms for gymnastic exercises; 7 - dance floor; 8 - The educational center; 9 - tennis courts; 10 - platform; 11 - restaurant; 12 - station; 13 - hippodrome

Plan of the university sports complex, located south of Mexico City: L-A - Expressway "Rebel Avenue"; 1 - administrative building; 2 - central library; 3 - humanitarian faculties; 4-faculty of exact sciences; 5 - engineering and architectural faculties; 6 - Faculty of Medicine; 7 - university sports grounds and south of them hostels; 8 - Olympic Stadium for 110 thousand viewers

Olympic complex in Munich: 1 - central arena; 2 - gym; 3 - swimming pool; 4 - cycle track; 5 - universal hall; 6 - hall for volleyball; 7 - fields for field hockey; 8 - training fields; 9 - hall for warm-up; 10 - Olimpic village(for women); 11 - Olympic village (for men); 12 - TV tower; 13 - radio and television center; 14 - press town; 15 - theater; 16 - artificial lake; 17 - hill; 18 - metro station; 19 - high-speed railway station; 20 - parking lot; 21 - photography direction

Olympic Park in Munich: a - a schematic diagram of the park's landscaping; A - the main sports facilities; B - Olympic village; B - higher sport school; G - Olympic Hill; b - placement of adult trees on the main pedestrian alleys laid on the embankment

For the XI Olympiad, the reconstruction of the old stadium in Berlin was carried out. Its construction was carried out in three stages. At that time, the stadium was the largest in the world, its central arena could accommodate 100,000 spectators (35,000 standing places), and even more was the Mayskoye Pole, where up to 250,000 athletes could take part in sports parades at the same time. The longitudinal west-east planning axis of the park, on which the main entrance, the central arena and the Mayskoye Pole are located, goes well with the slanting winding alleys connecting the main sports facilities with various sites. The outdoor theatre, hippodrome, swimming pool are successfully located - they are located on the edges of the forest that begins here.

The 15th Olympic Games in 1952 were held in Helsinki at a reconstructed stadium that could seat 65,000 spectators. The stadium is located in the central park of the city, next to football fields, swimming pool and versatile gym.

The authors succeeded on the territory Olympic Park to create a typical Finnish landscape using granite rock outcrops, boulders, combined with old and minor new plantings, and most importantly, to successfully fit fairly significant sports facilities into it. During the construction of structures, landscaping and landscaping were mainly reduced to the desire to preserve the surrounding nature in its natural state.

At the XIX Olympiad in Mexico City, the main competitions and training took place on the sports complex of the university campus with an area of ​​300 hectares, where the central stadium "Estadio Olimpico" is located.

The undoubted advantage of the campus is its unity with nature. It is achieved by landscaping, a successful combination of natural and artificial relief, as well as the widespread use of local building material - gray tuff of various shades.

At the XX Olympiad in Munich, all major competitions were held at the new sports facilities of the Olympic Park. On the territory of 300 hectares, the authors of the project managed to achieve an organic combination of nature and architecture, they created a single landscape that includes various forms of space use. The main facilities of the complex - the Olympic Stadium (the capacity of the stands is 80 thousand people), the swimming pool and the sports hall - are located on an elevated earthen platform and close the main Olympic Square on the north side in a semicircle.

On the south side, this space opens onto an artificial lake with a fountain. On the square at the edge of the stadium there is a bowl with the Olympic flame, around it are the flags of the participating countries.

The main pedestrian alley, laid along the embankment, starts from the central square of the park and passes under the cable-stayed roof, the width of which in some places reaches 120 m. up to 7 m high with linear planting along the top. This minimized the negative impact of heavy traffic.

Football field central arena placed in an artificially created recess. Under the grass cover at a depth of 25 cm, a system of underground irrigation and heating pipes with a total length of 18.95 km was laid, which makes it possible to extend the operation time of the field and improve its grass cover.

The main pedestrian roads on the territory of the complex (up to 20 m wide) are laid on raised (up to 3 m) embankments, all intersections with highways are at different levels. They offer picturesque views of the wide lawns used to disperse spectators after the end of the competition and the expressive sports facilities of the park.

Mature trees were planted along the pedestrian alleys with a grid of 7.5X7.5 m, and some of them were placed directly on the paths, which allowed the flow of spectators along the shaded corridors from bus stops and parking lots to the main sports facilities. The conceptual scheme of planting greenery of the complex was decided on the basis of creating a park on a completely bare spot in an extremely short period of time (2-3 years). And the landscaping scheme made it possible to provide good care for the plants and get the effect in just a year.

Unusual architectural forms of structures, bold engineering and design solutions are further emphasized by the surrounding nature. Abandoning large, monumental squares and parade axes, the authors created a unique and rare beauty of the Olympic Park. Green spaces divided its territory into separate sections, each of which was given an individual character due to the use of various types and forms of green spaces, their high decorative qualities and the use of plant characteristics to change depending on the season and lighting.

The green hills, which owe their origin to the former landfill, have become one of the decorations of the park. Their slopes are lined with low-growing pines, oaks, and shrubs. A network of walking paths is organically inscribed in the relief. Among the heaps of granite blocks, artificial streams with waterfalls flow down from the top. At the foot is an artificial lake with an area of ​​3.6 hectares with an island near the shore, where a stage is equipped for concerts and performances. Spectators sit on terraces with grass, an amphitheater descending to the water. Evening performances take place against the backdrop of illuminated hills, a fountain and a water surface. The lake is used for boating and at the same time as a reservoir for collecting storm water from a huge cover. On the shores of the lake and the canal, lined with willow, water iris, all conditions have been created for visitors to walk along the lawns and groves, paths of free contours have been laid, and recreation areas have been equipped. The lake is especially beautiful in the evening, when the illuminated multi-colored bushes on the slopes of the hills with the snow-white jets of the fountain, beating high in the center of the lake, create an absolutely fantastic picture. During the construction of the park, about 5,000 mature trees and 180,000 bushes were planted. The main tree species is small-leaved linden. 36 tons of grass seeds were used to create lawns (area of ​​85 ha) and grass cover of sports grounds.

Parking lots for 5,000 cars near the central arena are arranged in an unusual way. The entire territory is divided by rows of mature trees into eight areas covered with granite slabs with seams sown with grass. On ordinary days they are used for holding physical education classes and sports games.

The main sports complex of the Olympics, which took place in Moscow in 1980, was the Lenin Central Stadium in Luzhniki, built in 1956.

The territory of the stadium within the boundaries of the Moskva River and the district railway has an area of ​​180 hectares, of which 40 hectares are used for organizing entrances, approaches, stops and parking lots of public and individual transport.

The stadium is located on a floodplain terrace with unfavorable hydrogeological conditions. To prevent flooding during spring floods, its entire territory is raised by an average of 1.5 m due to double expansion (up to 250 m) and deepening of the river bed. In total, about 3.5 million m3 of sand were washed. For downgrading high level groundwater, a drainage system with a length of about 6 km was built.

The stadium is compositionally built on two mutually perpendicular axes; dominated by its transverse axis, oriented towards the city and the Lenin Hills. The core of the general plan is the Central Sports Arena, located at the intersection of the main alleys - the main axes of the complex, along which spectators from the metro station, stops and parking lots of ground transport get to sports facilities.

Along the front alley on the embankment there is a park recreation area. In total, more than 40,000 trees aged 5 to 50 years, 400,000 shrubs, and more than 2 million flowers were planted on the territory of the stadium. Moreover, the trees were taken not only from nurseries, but also from the forest; among them are blue spruce, small-leaved linden, maple, white locust, bird cherry, larch, chestnuts, etc. One hedge stretches for more than 30 km. Green spaces cover an area of ​​78 hectares.

When carrying out landscaping, a variety of techniques were used: in areas with a regular layout near the main structures - ordinary plantings, in a park recreation area - freely, picturesquely located.

Due to the need for construction at an accelerated pace (its construction took 450 days), tree planting was carried out not only in spring and autumn, but also in summer. Moreover, at the same time, the construction of an irrigation water pipeline was carried out, the pipes of which were laid on the surface of lawns with a slight deepening when passing alleys and paths.

A major Olympic center is Krylatskoye, where one of the best Rowing Canals in the world was built at the foot of the Krylatsky Mountains. A large body of water goes well with low, elongated sports facilities. The canal is filled by gravity through water intake facilities due to the difference in water levels of the canal and the Moscow River.

The two green squares (90X90) located between the canal and the ring road are archery fields with stable sports turf.

All buildings are united by a wide park area. When forming the park landscape, natural and artificial reservoirs are used, which serve mainly decorative purposes, floodplain meadows, mountain slopes covered with forests, hills and islands. The earth from the works during the construction of the rowing canal and artificial reservoirs went to create an artificial relief.

Like any sports complex, the Olympiyskiy is primarily interpreted as a park that can provide an opportunity not only for holding large entertainment events, for training athletes and athletes, but also for recreation for residents of nearby urban areas in the bosom of nature. With its green spaces, it significantly affects the improvement of the city's environment.

Faster, higher, stronger - this is no longer relevant. Now we can safely add the word “extreme” to this classic sports triad, because such sports are beginning to bypass the classic ones in popularity. And today we will tell you about 8 of the best and most unusual extreme parks in the world.

In the Spanish city of Mérida, no one is wondering what to do with young people so that they leave the streets and stop leading an asocial lifestyle. A public space for young and active people appeared there - the Youth Factory extreme park.

designed for unemployed and carefree youth who are looking for a place to realize their abilities. Here you can practice extreme sports, such as rollerblading, skateboarding, performing tricks on bicycles and rock climbing.

This complex also has a library, a computer lab, a conference room, a cinema and a lecture hall where young kids from the streets can get new buildings and even additional education.

China wouldn't be China if it didn't take aim at the world's largest skatepark. Street extreme sports are highly developed in this country due to the mass population and the relative cheapness of equipment. So, through the efforts of the authorities in the Middle Kingdom, thousands of playgrounds for active youth are built every year.

The pearl of this street infrastructure is the SMP Skatepark in Shanghai. With a size of 13,700 square meters, it is the largest such sports center on Earth. Therefore, it hosts major competitions of both Chinese and world level.

Much more modest in size is the Skate Park House skate park in one of the districts of Tokyo. The area of ​​its active zone is less than two dozen square meters, but more is not needed. The fact is that these ramps are located inside a residential building.

Under the skate park in the Skate Park House given only one room. Of course, this would not be enough for a professional skateboarder, but just right for children. Namely, this home sports facility was created for children's entertainment.

Excalibur - the world's largest climbing wall

Rock climbing compares favorably with mountaineering in that for this type of activity extreme sports it is not at all necessary to go somewhere to the mountains - sites for it can be made in every settlement, there would be a desire. Here, the inhabitants of the Dutch Groningen had it, which is why a climbing wall with the name Excalibur appeared there.

Excalibur is the world's largest climbing wall"]
Stretched into the sky, the 37-meter one looks like a giant sword sticking out of a stone. In fact, these are two different weapons of the legendary King Arthur, but this error does not bother visitors to the object. Moreover, people from all over the Netherlands and even other countries go to climb Excalibur, because it is the largest climbing wall in the world.

Excalibur is the world's largest climbing wall"]
There are times when extreme sports do not need to leave the hotel at all. And we are not talking about Soviet-era hotels, where spending the night itself is dangerous, but about special hotels created for active people.

The first such hotel for extreme sports is planned to be built in Barcelona. The project called Barcelona Rock involves the construction of a multi-story building that will look like a rock. Therefore, climbers and rock climbers will be able to climb to the upper floors of this building right along the outer walls.

Inside Barcelona Rock there will be a swimming pool, a cinema, Gym and 50 rooms of different levels of comfort. But real thrill-seekers will be able to set up tents for a modest fee on the ledges of the artificial rocks of the Barcelona Rock Hotel.

Extreme sports enthusiasts from the British region of Wales are planning to build an artificial lake for surfing. Surf Snowdonia will be a 300-meter long pool where you can automatically create waves of different heights and amplitudes.

Weather in Wales all year round quite moderate, but most of the year the sea water is very cold. And it will be heated. In addition, cafes, sports shops and playgrounds for children will appear in the future complex.

And if in Wales they only plan to build an artificial lake for surfing, then in the city of Al Ain in the United Arab Emirates, such an object already really exists. Moreover, this center of extreme aquatic species sports right in the middle of the desert.

The Wadi Adventure Center is designed for surfers and rafters who can swim in a 200-meter pool with many dangerous branches, rapids and artificial underwater rocks. And the main entertainment of this water complex is a wave 3.3 meters high, which passes through the reservoir with a certain frequency to the delight of people in it.

And if in all other countries of the world rich people splurge as a demonstration of their status and opportunities, then in the UAE, water is the last one. The water sports center in the desert is proof of that.

Waldseilgarten in Germany is the most extreme camping site in the world. First, it is not so easy to get to. Indeed, on the way to this hotel, a person will need to go through many trials - a rope park, trolls and other obstacles for extreme people.

Secondly, the tents in the Waldseilgarten are not on the ground, but above it. Some of them hang on the thick branches of centuries-old trees, and some are generally attached to a rock at a height of 300 meters. Only people with the strongest nerves in the world, as well as those with perfect coordination of movements, can spend the night in this place.

At the service of tourists who have fallen into the Waldseilgarten, quite a comfortable toilet and a shower with hot water. But real thrill-seekers will surely ignore these benefits of civilization, giving their preference to bathing in a waterfall.

Today, when the accelerating pace of life tells us the need to preserve our inner potential, health - physical and mental, the transition to a healthy lifestyle is important.

The external form of manifestation of this direction in last years actively advocates the development of sports infrastructure in the country as a major international, all-Russian, regional sports events and locally at the level of small territories.

Speaking about landscape design - as a unique activity to preserve the natural landscape in the urban environment and create unique images of the harmony of nature in various scales of public and private territories - in refraction to the sports environment, a list of sports facilities known to us is drawn, the creation of which is associated with the use of tools and techniques of landscape architecture and design. These are flat structures (stadiums, universal sports grounds, tennis courts) that have gained popularity in the domestic environment and are dynamically developing. sport complexes(universal sports and recreation complexes, specialized complexes, track and field arenas, fitness rooms) and adjacent territories to them. A special place in their complexity, novelty or scale in the landscape and architectural practice of Russia is occupied by such sports objects like racetracks, golf courses, skate courts, outdoor tennis courts.

In our opinion, in the context of modern trends in the development of sports infrastructure, it is important to ensure mass access to sports facilities so that their use becomes possible for citizens and works in solving social problems for the development of a culture of sports, healthy lifestyle life, self-improvement and spiritual development nation. From this point of view, in our opinion, it is important to create and develop integral natural complexes - sports parks located in the areas of accessibility of residential areas, which could act as:

• an active social place for personal development;

• a center for the development of many sports at the same time;

• daily training grounds for city residents;

• a place for active family walks.

In confirmation of the words, I would like to give an example of foreign practice - approaches to organizing places for mass active recreation and sports in the city of New York (USA), which we managed to get acquainted with while on an internship at the American landscape and architectural company Balmori Associates in July-August 2009 of the year. Surprisingly, in conditions mass building territories are uniquely preserved and consciously allocated for mass relaxation, activity, recreation of citizens.

In contrast to the arrangement of other urban areas, it is here that the features of the landscape design of sports facilities are clearly expressed: 1) complexes of sports and cultural recreation areas are successfully combined; 2) a harmonious combination of "green" zones, routes for the movement of visitors has been built, taking into account their occupation various types sports; 3) compliance with the requirements for noise and wind protection, distribution of sunlight is ensured; 4) the planning and development technologies used take into account the potentially high degree of visitor loading of the park territory and ensure the long-term sustainability of its landscape.

An example of modern trends in the landscape design of sports parks in the urban environment in New York City is the famous Central Park, which occupies more than 3 square meters. km of area, is the "core" and "island" of the nature of the city. At first glance, this is a natural complex, but upon closer inspection, there are kilometers of paths for jogging, cycling, skateboarding , roller skating, horse riding. The park has retained the features of the natural landscape of rocky ledges, hilly areas, forest zones, but at the same time, fields for playing football, rugby, golf have been created to meet the needs of park users, and children's sports and entertainment playgrounds have been organized. The natural background surprises visitors with fauna - squirrels, "walking" badgers, "singing" forest and swimming birds.

In recent years, maximum use projects have gained particular popularity. New York city waterfront. On both banks of the rivers (Hudson River, East River), washing Manhattan, there are embankment parks stretching for many kilometers - Hudson River Park East River Park, Riverbank State Park, — which have uniquely preserved the historical features of the place and combine modernity, environmental friendliness, harmony of natural content, complete functionality in use, the individuality of the continuation of the city's architecture and its balance with the watery nature of the elements surrounding the island. Thanks to thoughtful work, the implemented projects of these parks have created a unique atmosphere of accessibility and ease of playing sports for any person, regardless of age, social status, position in society.

In the complex of sports parks, without exception, additional features for active recreation and sports for disabled people, who, along with ordinary citizens, have the opportunity to use all the possibilities of functional areas, doing athletics or participating in team sports games. In the evenings, on weekends - sports parks - a cluster of teenagers, adults on playgrounds for playing volleyball, basketball, skateboarding, rollerblading. On the scale of the city, the territory of piers on the water is effectively used, on which the operation of football fields, golf clubs is organized, and their placement is harmoniously included in the space of coastal parks. It is noteworthy that many sports grounds in the parks quickly transform into public skating rinks in winter. A striking example is Bryant Park, located in the center of New York among skyscrapers, where in the summer a recreation area is regularly opened on the lawn parterre, yoga classes, sports dance classes for youth, holding tennis tournaments, cultural events, and in winter, the open lawn area turns into a skating rink to the delight of users for free skating, competitions, celebrations.

Thus, the mass availability of sports facilities - through the organization of sports parks - is a unique opportunity for the development and preservation of the nation. The achievement of functionality, completeness of the idea, individuality of the sports park is determined at the stage of landscape design. In this regard, in order to create a holistic multifunctional natural recreation and sports complex, it is recommended to adhere to the following principles of territory design at the project development stage:

• When developing the territory design concept, study the “portrait” of a potential user and form, taking into account his preferences in the project, a complex of functional zones, their order and distance of placement. Include areas for active recreation and sports of all age groups - children, teenagers, adults

• Ensure the accessibility of the park's sports facilities relative to residential areas. Limit sports fields Treadmills from public transport roads; distinguish between the movements of pedestrians and actively moving people on bicycles, roller skates, skateboards. The location of the facilities to ensure ease of loading and the possibility of quick evacuation of people. Establish conditions for the convenience of servicing sports park facilities

• Place sports facilities in green areas or recreate a natural environment around them through the use of coniferous trees, shrubs, grasses, perennial flowers of the field or alpine type in landscape design

• Combine sports facilities with areas of the natural environment (natural or artificial reservoirs, natural reliefs, alleys), providing a decorative environment at any time of the year. Provide easy transformation of summer sports facilities into areas winter views sports and recreation. Observe the orientation of sports facilities to the cardinal points

• When developing the technical part of a landscape project, it is necessary to provide for the use of natural materials in the arrangement of the territory - wood, stone, gravel.

These sports facilities, stadiums, arenas have become the venue for the most iconic and popular matches, competitions, and fights. List of the most famous sports venues in the world.

10 PHOTOS

The biggest football stadium in Brazil and the largest stadium in the world. The stadium was built specifically for the 1950 FIFA World Cup. Capacity - 78,838 spectators.

This stadium was built in 1907. Twickenham is the home of English rugby. The stadium's capacity is 82,000 spectators.

The only golf course hosting one of the four major golf championships each year. Well-groomed green grass, coupled with water barriers and other obstacles will create a unique environment for players and golf enthusiasts.

It is here that the World Snooker Championships have been held since 1977. Snooker competitions at the Crucible can attract up to 1,000 spectators.

5. MGM Grand Garden Arena, Las Vegas, USA.

The MGM Grand Garden Arena has been the venue for many high-profile boxing matches. One of them is the Fight of the Century between Floyd Mayweather and Manny Pacquiao.

The stadium with a capacity of almost 100,000 spectators is the venue for American football competitions.

The oldest baseball stadium, opened in 1912.

8. Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo, Monaco.

A popular Formula 1 circuit. Due to the incredibly narrow streets, overtaking on this circuit is very dangerous. Cheltenham has the status of one of the greatest racetracks where horse racing competitions are held. The stadium has a capacity of over 50,000 spectators.

Private sport Club located in the London suburb of Wimbledon. Today, this oldest club has 19 tournament and 16 training courts. Center Court is a 15,000-seat stadium.

The modern rhythm of life forces many of us to abandon even very elegant, but such impractical types of outerwear. But this does not mean at all that people living in constant motion should look boring and dull. Modern designers systematically delight lovers of an active lifestyle with new models of sports jackets. In this season, special attention deserve parks. In the fashionable assortment of manufacturers there are both male and female models of such jackets, and this is good news.

parka jacket

The classic parka model attracts consumers because it is as simple as possible. Its cut is mostly straight, and only overhead bulky pockets at the level of the arms and chest act as a decor. Distinctive features parkas are also a deep hood, a high stand-up collar that covers the face a little, as well as a sewn-in zipper with an insulated valve with buttons or snaps. In principle, these are all the features that distinguish the parka from other jackets, but its main advantage lies in the phenomenal warming properties. Why this season people should pay attention to sports models park?

Features and Benefits

The fact is that sports parks are distinguished by an anatomical cut, therefore they do not fetter a person at all during vigorous activity. The absence of unnecessary details and decorative elements does not make the jackets heavier in terms of weight, so you feel as comfortable and free as possible in them. Thoughtful details, such as internal pockets for headphones, as well as additional layers of fabric on the elbows, are an important advantage of such jackets. But the main advantage lies in the warming properties of the fabric.

Sports parkas are sewn from modern materials that have excellent air exchange properties, as well as the ability to absorb excess moisture. Thus, even during maximum activity, the slightest overheating of the body is completely excluded. As a heater for such jackets, an innovative material is used - thinsulate, and it is distinguished by its very low weight and the ability to remove moisture. And the shades of these jackets are always bright and versatile, so they can be worn literally for any occasion.

How to choose

Choosing sports parks should be guided primarily by the material. Suitable fabrics for the outside will be nylon combined with cotton, and for the inside - wool or polyester. For winter period ideal parks with natural insulation, that is, those that combine down and feathers of waterfowl. For a warmer off-season, it is better to choose lighter linings developed by modern manufacturers. It is good if the hood is decorated with natural fur trim, which, moreover, will also be removable.

The style of the parks is better to choose only in size. In models for growth, you will not feel very comfortable, just like in back-to-back models. When choosing parks, girls should also take into account the features of their own silhouette. For men, classic straight-cut parkas are suitable.

Fashion trends

The most trendy fashion season 2016 - 2017 are military-style sports parks. Slightly saturated with a military spirit, models attract men and women with neutral shades. The combination of olive, green, beige, gray, brown and sand allows you to use such a jacket even in periods of slush and dampness. Solid colors are no less attractive - black, blue, white, dark green, lilac, blue, red, pink, yellow and orange.

But the fashionable length is not too big - a maximum of up to the knee or a little higher. The shape of the hem in trendy models is most often straight, but it can also be asymmetrical. The rope on the hem allows you to pull it up to the desired length according to the figure and make the image not only practical, but also harmonious. A very popular option is a jacket with a deep hood like Alaska, as well as a parka with leather inserts on the sleeves.

What to wear

Wearing a sports parka in winter is necessary with insulated wardrobe elements. These can be classic jeans or tight-fitting trousers with insulation, as well as knitted sweaters, tunics and dresses. You can wear under such a park and a classic sweatshirt, as well as thermal underwear. A mandatory element of any winter look is a hat, scarf and gloves. It is good if they fully correspond to the style of outerwear and are distinguished by sports tailoring.

An off-season look with a parka can be a little more effortless. Under it, you can wear checkered shirts and blouses, combining them with skirts, as well as classic jeans and tight dress pants. For women, an option with a dress that does not exceed the hem of the outerwear will be appropriate. A silk scarf can also be used as a stylish addition, but there is a combination option that can be called almost a win-win.

With sweatpants

If you already chose to purchase a sports parka, then you should match this image to the end. In this case, sweatpants will become a universal addition to the looky with a parka, both for men and women. All you have to do is choose suitable model pants, which will be well combined in texture and shade with a jacket.

What accessories and shoes are suitable

But shoes for a sports park should be chosen primarily according to the season. A versatile option could be sport shoes, but if you want variety, you can complement the image with coarse soldier's boots, and ankle boots, and boots, and half boots. As an accessory, you can use a sports backpack or shoulder bag.

Stylish images

And in order for the image with the park to be truly stylish, it is necessary to take into account the harmony of color combinations in the process of selecting clothes. Remember that it is not recommended to combine warm shades with cold ones, and it is better to dilute bright colors with a calmer one. For the rest, you can follow the call of your heart.