Clothing for physical education should be. Operational and technical requirements for clothing, footwear, sports equipment and places of physical culture and sports, providing convenience and safety
Based on hygienic requirements and requirements for ensuring the safety and convenience of performing physical exercises, it is necessary to observe the following basic rules for preparing places for physical education classes:
1) special physical culture and sports facilities (sports and GYM's, athletics and football arenas, etc.) must be clean and well ventilated;
2) the temperature in sports facilities must comply with hygienic requirements, i.e. be + 14 - + 18 ° С;
3) the inventory and equipment used should be located on the site (in the hall) in such a way that the distance between sports equipment allowed those involved to freely perform physical exercises on them, without interfering with each other;
4) the places of employment should be evenly lit, the light source (for example, the sun) should not dazzle those involved during the exercise;
5) when organizing self-study in non-equipped places (in natural conditions), it is necessary to carefully check for ditches, pits, ledges and foreign objects (stones, broken glass, cans, chips, branches from trees, etc.), that may cause injury, and prepare the site accordingly or choose a new one;
6) before training in long jump and triple run jump, you must first dig (loose) the sand in the jump pits and make sure that there are no objects in it that can cause injury (stones, broken glass, metal scraps);
7) gymnastic equipment must be well strengthened and checked before class; during classes on gymnastic equipment, it is necessary to lay gymnastic mats near them (especially in places of jumps and possible falls), and lay them with a tight fit, without gaps between them;
8) when choosing a track for training ski training it is necessary to provide that it passes in a place protected from the wind (especially on the descent), does not cross frozen reservoirs, dense thickets of bushes, highways and dirt roads. The width of the track must be at least 3 m, and at turns and descents - at least 5 m.
When choosing sportswear for physical exercises, the following rules are followed. Sportswear is selected depending on the place of employment (outdoors or indoors). Clothing should be light and comfortable, fit the growth of the student, not hinder movement. In addition, it must regulate heat transfer, keeping the body dry and preventing it from overheating. For indoor or outdoor activities in good warm weather, sportswear may consist of a T-shirt and shorts, a cotton or light woolen suit. For outdoor activities in winter, it is necessary to select clothes with high heat-shielding and windproof properties. In this case, underwear should be made of fabric that absorbs sweat well from the surface of the body.
For ski training, you need ski overalls or a knitted suit, warm underwear, a ski cap, mittens, warm woolen socks.
Currently, in physical culture and sports, thermal underwear (underpants, a T-shirt or shirt with long sleeves, socks) is used, made of special fabrics, which allows you to exercise in any weather: from summer heat to -15 ° C and below. Due to the special weaving and material, the fabric, as it were, adapts to the temperature of the environment and the intensity of perspiration, actively removes moisture from the surface of the body during aerobic exercise. In cold weather, such underwear retains heat and removes moisture, protects against hypothermia, in hot weather it removes excess heat, moisture, and protects against overheating. In addition, it does not cause allergies and prevents the appearance of an unpleasant odor, as it is treated with an antibacterial composition.
Sports shoes for physical exercises should be chosen as follows. Shoes should fit the leg well, hold tightly on it (but not pinch, do not impede blood circulation). The sole of the shoe should not slip on the surface of the sports ground. The best footwear for most sports is leather. Shoes should correspond not only to weather conditions, but also to the peculiarities of the content of classes. For example, gymnastics classes are best done in gymnastic slippers, and sports games and jogging classes are best done in special sneakers. Athletic shoes should be comfortable, lightweight, durable (durable), flexible, provide traction, and be well ventilated. The basis of safety in active classes physical exercises - a cushioning system in sneakers in the form of air chambers. The chambers are located in different parts of the shoe, and when pressed, air is injected into them, which reduces power loads and protects the ligaments and muscles from injury. For physical exercises in slush and snow conditions, warm and waterproof sneakers are used, for example, winter sneakers-boots with a double sole (outside - embossed outsole for stability, inside - made of flexible rubber), top made of water-repellent material (leather) and insulation . Winter sneakers-boots are able to withstand frost down to -32°C. For winter sports, shoes must protect the foot from hypothermia. Therefore, they select it one size larger so that woolen ones can also be worn on ordinary socks. Failure to comply with the rules for choosing and preparing places for classes, the rules for selecting sports shoes very often leads to injuries during physical exercises.
General requirements for schoolchildren's clothes - information for parents
- the clothes that the child puts on should be comfortable: tailored in size, having a suitable cut - so as not to restrict movements, not to cause skin abrasions;
- clothing must be appropriate for the season; the optimum air temperature under clothing is 28-32 ° C; the color of clothing matters: in the cold season it is recommended to wear dark clothes that absorb the sun's rays well and, together with them, energy; in the warm season, light-colored clothes are preferable for a child - such clothes reflect the sun's rays, so the child is provided with more comfortable conditions;
- seams should not rub and irritate the skin; abrasions greatly reduce the protective properties of the skin; if an infection gets into the places of abrasions, then the development of an inflammatory reaction is not excluded; seams and folds should not put pressure on the skin and thereby interfere with peripheral blood and lymph circulation - otherwise, stagnant foci may occur in certain parts of the body, which have a very adverse effect on health;
- clothing should be breathable without much difficulty; Let us remind you that the human body receives oxygen not only due to the activity of the lungs; one of the functions of the skin is respiratory; and if you put on clothes that do not allow air to pass through, in other words - create a closed space around the body - the body will suffer to some extent from oxygen deficiency; in addition, if a child puts on clothes that do not allow air to pass through, then proper evaporation of sweat from the surface of the body does not occur, and, as a result, the thermoregulation of the body suffers;
- clothes should be made from fabrics that are difficult to get dirty, but at the same time, clothes should be easy to wash, detergents should be easily rinsed out of fabrics; for children's clothing, woolen, knitted, silk fabrics are recommended; fabrics made of synthetic fibers for children's clothing are not recommended;
- the child's clothing should not accumulate static electricity, therefore, when buying clothes for a child, it is not recommended to opt for clothing made from synthetic fabrics and fabrics containing synthetic fibers.
Shoes for schoolchildren
Indoor shoes
- For boys, it is best to purchase sandals, low shoes or moccasins.
- When buying, it is better not to choose shoes with a dark (black) sole, it is even prohibited in many schools, because it can leave marks on the floor.
- For girls, it will be optimal to buy shoes with a clasp or velcro. Shoes can be colored, patent or matte.
Sports shoes
- For the gym, it is best to purchase sports slippers or sneakers. Their
the sole is made of rubber or polyurethane - materials that have excellent anti-slip properties. In such sneakers, the student will not fall while running or jumping.
- For training in the stadium, sneakers are best suited. The thick sole will take the load off the student's feet while running or outdoor games.
How to dress properly for class
physical exercise and sports?
- First of all, clothes and shoes should correspond to your size, do not restrict movement, breathing and blood circulation. Therefore, collars, cuffs, belts, elastic bands should not be narrow and tight.
- If classes are held indoors or outdoors in warm weather, it is better to be dressed in a cotton knitted suit or sports shorts and a T-shirt. Such clothes well absorb sweat from the surface of the body.
- In cold weather, sportswear should consist of three layers: underwear (cotton is best), a shirt (preferably flannel), a warm knit suit or wool sweater, and sports trousers. A light jacket is put on over everything.
- A knitted cap is usually put on the head, mittens are put on the hands (preferably with a non-wetted top).
- Shoes should be appropriate in size and comfortable. Tight shoes disrupt blood circulation. In cold weather, this can lead to frostbite on the skin.
21. Requirements for clothing and footwear intended for classes physical culture and sports.
measures did not impede blood circulation, respiration, did not hamper movements. Collars, cuffs, belts, elastic bands and other details of clothing should not be tight. For mobile activities and sports games, gymnastics, athletics indoors in the winter and for outdoor training in the summer when the air temperature is -f 14 ° C and above, it is best to wear shorts, a tank top or a T-shirt. Such clothing does not cause overheating, as it passes air well and absorbs sweat and fumes from the surface of the body. In such cases, taking into account individual characteristics, you can also use a thin cotton training suit. In cold weather, clothing for physical exercises should have three layers: underwear made of cotton (linen) fabric, a flannel shirt, a sports knitted suit (woolen sweater and trousers) on top. A woolen hat is put on the head, mittens are put on the hands. To protect against strong winds, you can wear a light jacket made of raincoat fabric over everything. Shoes should fully comply with all the features of the structure of the foot and be comfortable in movement. Uncomfortable, tight shoes with rough seams and folds impair blood circulation and warm the foot. It causes abrasions, calluses and scuffs. In winter, sports shoes should be worn over a woolen sock, under which it is also good to have a thin cotton one. Too loose shoes are also uncomfortable: they rub the skin. Clothes and shoes need constant, daily care. Underwear adjacent to the body must be washed after each workout. Soiled and wet shoes are cleaned, dried and smeared with cream. Store sportswear and shoes in a ventilated place.
22. What is the maintenance of human reproductive function by means of physical culture?
Maintaining the reproductive function of a person by means of physical culture at first glance seems naive and somewhat incorrect, as if also immodest. But this is only at first glance, but in fact the question is quite serious. One has only to think for a moment about a very simple situation: is it possible to influence one's own heredity, and if so, how and with what help. The nature of the inheritance of traits, such as weight, height, blood pressure, resistance or predisposition to various diseases, is determined by the complex interaction of genes involved in their formation. At the same time, to a large extent, the development of these features depends on the influence and impact of the environment. A person who is predisposed to thinness, in case of excess nutrition, can exceed in weight a prone to fullness. The manifestation of heredity before the age of self-awareness proceeds as if automatically, completely under the influence of the environment provided by the parents. From the moment of self-awareness, a person acquires the ability to influence the course of his own development, mental and motor activity. The heredity of a person cannot be considered separately from the integrity of his physical essence, therefore, the use of physical education means, to one degree or another, undoubtedly has an impact on maintaining the reproductive function of a person. The question is only how to determine the adequacy of the use of physical culture, so as not to cause harm. Recall the main means of physical culture. These are hygiene, tempering procedures and physical exercises. It must be remembered that hygiene is not only a guarantee of health and vigor, but also a necessary condition for preventing injuries, receiving from each training session maximum benefit. Personal and public hygiene must be observed always and everywhere: at home, at school, on vacation. Neatness and cleanliness are necessary for a person, as well as high moral qualities. Personal hygiene is skin care, hygiene of clothes, shoes and other components of everyday life. Skin care is of great importance for maintaining health. The skin is not only an organ of touch, it protects the body from external harmful influences and plays an important role in the body's thermoregulation, in the process of breathing. For the skin to perform the above functions effectively, it is necessary to keep it clean and take good care of it: regularly wash the body with hot water and soap, wipe it daily with cool water, followed by rubbing the skin with a towel. Face, neck, hands should be washed at least twice a day - in the morning and in the evening. Better wash in the morning cold water, it gives vivacity, promotes hardening. Skin care should be especially careful when exercising. People have fought and continue to fight diseases for centuries, relying on natural hardening. The recipe for this "elixir" of health is simple: the sun, air and water (see ticket number 4 - the answer to question 3). If physical exercises are built reasonably, loads increase gradually, rest intervals provide normal and timely restoration of strength and energy, then they cannot be the cause of illnesses and injuries. Only with the wrong mode and training methodology, use excessive loads, training in a painful state or other violations of the regimen (combinations of great physical and mental stress, alcohol and drug use, sleep disturbance, diet, etc.), various disorders may occur, accompanied by a decrease in working capacity, deterioration in health, which negatively affects and on human reproductive function.
measures did not impede blood circulation, respiration, did not hamper movements. Collars, cuffs, belts, elastic bands and other details of clothing should not be tight. For mobile and sports activities
indoor games, gymnastics, athletics in winter and for outdoor training in summer when the air temperature is -f 14 ° C and above, it is best to wear shorts, a tank top or a T-shirt. Such clothing does not cause overheating, as it passes air well and absorbs sweat and fumes from the surface of the body. In such cases, taking into account individual characteristics, you can also use a thin cotton training suit. In cold weather, clothing for physical exercises should have three layers: underwear made of cotton (linen) fabric, a flannel shirt, a sports knitted suit (woolen sweater and trousers) on top. A woolen hat is put on the head, mittens are put on the hands. To protect against strong winds, you can wear a light jacket made of raincoat fabric over everything. Shoes should fully comply with all the features of the structure of the foot and be comfortable in movement. Uncomfortable, tight shoes with rough seams and folds impair blood circulation and warm the foot. It causes abrasions, calluses and scuffs. in winter sports shoes it is necessary to put on a woolen sock, under which it is good to have also a thin one made of cotton fabric. Too loose shoes are also uncomfortable: they rub the skin. Clothes and shoes need constant, daily care. Underwear adjacent to the body must be washed after each workout. Soiled and wet shoes are cleaned, dried and smeared with cream. Store sportswear and shoes in a ventilated place.
Ticket 18 What is the maintenance of human reproductive function by means of physical culture?
Maintaining the reproductive function of a person by means of physical culture at first glance seems naive and somewhat incorrect, as if also immodest. But this is only at first glance, but in fact the question is quite serious. One has only to think for a moment about a very simple situation: is it possible to influence one's own heredity, and if so, how and with what help. The nature of the inheritance of traits, such as weight, height, level blood pressure, resistance or predisposition to various diseases, is determined by the complex interaction of genes involved in their formation. At the same time, to a large extent, the development of these features depends on the influence and impact of the environment. A person who is predisposed to thinness, in case of excess nutrition, can exceed in weight a prone to fullness.
The manifestation of heredity before the age of self-awareness proceeds as if automatically, completely under the influence of the environment provided by the parents. From the moment of self-awareness, a person acquires the ability to influence the course of his own development, mental and motor activity. The heredity of a person cannot be considered separately from the integrity of his physical essence, therefore, the use of physical education means, to one degree or another, undoubtedly has an impact on maintaining the reproductive function of a person. The question is only how to determine the adequacy of the use of physical culture, so as not to cause harm. Recall the main means of physical culture. These are hygiene, tempering procedures and physical exercises. It must be remembered that hygiene is not only a guarantee of health and vigor, but also a necessary condition for preventing injuries, getting the maximum benefit from each training session. Personal and public hygiene must be observed always and everywhere: at home, at school, on vacation. Neatness and cleanliness are necessary for a person, as well as high moral qualities. Personal hygiene is skin care, hygiene of clothes, shoes and other components of everyday life. Skin care is of great importance for maintaining health. The skin is not only an organ of touch, it protects the body from external harmful influences and plays an important role in the body's thermoregulation, in the process of breathing. For the skin to perform the above functions effectively, it is necessary to keep it clean and take good care of it: regularly wash the body with hot water and soap, wipe it daily with cool water, followed by rubbing the skin with a towel. Face, neck, hands should be washed at least twice a day - in the morning and in the evening. It is better to wash your face in the morning with cold water, it gives vigor, promotes hardening. Skin care should be especially careful when exercising.
People have fought and continue to fight diseases for centuries, relying on natural hardening. The recipe for this "elixir" of health is simple: the sun, air and water (see ticket number 4 - the answer to question 3).
If physical exercises are built reasonably, loads increase gradually, rest intervals provide normal and timely restoration of strength and energy, then they cannot be the cause of illnesses and injuries. Only with the wrong mode and training methodology, the use of excessive loads, training in a painful state or other violations of the regimen (combinations of great physical and mental stress, alcohol and drug use, sleep disturbance, diet, etc.), various disorders may occur, accompanied by a decrease in working capacity, a deterioration in the state of health, which negatively affects the reproductive function of a person.
Ticket No. 19 What is the expediency of individual control over the results of motor fitness (to draw up a personal plan of individual control)?
Two concepts are often confused: "physical fitness" and "physical fitness". Physical fitness is the result physical training expressed in a certain level of development physical qualities, as well as motor skills and abilities necessary for the successful implementation of a particular activity (labor, sports, etc.). Depending on the purpose of monitoring the results of motor fitness, the most appropriate assessment system is selected. With the help of special standards, physical fitness is assessed in the following cases: at physical education lessons, at physical education exams, when entering military educational institutions, in a cosmonaut corps, during classification competitions for assigning sports category in any sport. Based on certain units of measurement (meters, centimeters, kilometers, seconds, times, etc.), physical fitness can be estimated by increments, which is more suitable for individual control over the effectiveness of the means and methods used during physical exercises. For example, two young men with equal physical development(weight, height, etc.) in September they showed the same result in the standing long jump, and it was (conditionally) 168 cm. Re-measurement at the end school year(May) showed that for one of them the result was 185 cm, and for the other 170 cm. The individual increase in the first was 17 cm, in the second - 2 cm. way of life, it is possible to develop for them individual recommendations on loads during physical exercises, diet, work and rest. The procedure for performing individual control exercises
1. Running 30 meters from a high start. At the command "Start!" go to the start line and take a starting position. At the command "Attention!" lean forward and at the command "March!" run to the finish line along your path. The time is determined with an accuracy of 0.1 s.
2. Raising the torso is performed in the supine position (on a gymnastic mat or on the floor) for 30 s. I. p. - light, legs are fixed with socks under the lower rail gymnastic wall or held by partner, knees bent, hands behind head. At the command "Exercise start!" turn on the stopwatch. The participant rises to a sitting position (vertically), touches his knees with his elbows and returns to and. P.
3. The 2000m (3000m) run may be run on the track in the stadium or on medium cross country.
4. Running for speed is performed in place with maximum frequency and high hip elevation for 10 s. After this time, the number of knees touching the palms of the hands bent at an angle of 90 ° is counted (hands first fall along the body, and then bend in elbow joints up to 90 ° - this will be the position of the hands during the run).
5. Pull-ups (boys perform an exercise from a hang with an overhand grip on high bar, girls - from hanging lying on a hanging crossbar, installed at a height individually selected for each schoolgirl). At the command "Exercise start!" pulling up to the level of the chin, and then lowering to straight arms. The exercise is performed smoothly, without jerking. When arching the body and bending the legs at the knees, the attempt is not counted. The girls pull themselves up without taking their feet off the floor.
6. A six-minute run can be done as in gym(along the marked path), and at the stadium (in a circle). For a more accurate count treadmill it is advisable to mark every 10 m. After 6 minutes, the runner stops, and his result is determined (in meters).
September 1st is coming soon. It's time to get ready for school, which means that it is not only necessary to prepare a school uniform, textbooks, notebooks, stock up on pens, pencils and other school supplies, but also think about sports uniforms and shoes for physical education.
Physical education lessons at school can be held in the gym, at the school stadium, in swimming pool. Physical education classes usually require two types of uniforms: short (for classes in the gym); long (for outdoor activities or sports grounds). For a physical education lesson in the hall you will need a short sports uniform: T-shirt, sweatpants or shorts. T-shirts are preferably cotton with a small content of synthetic fibers, without sparkles and rhinestones, bright patterns and inscriptions. Sports shorts, leggings and pants should be made of elastic fabric without belts and buckles, up to the middle of the thigh or just below the knee. The elastic band of the trousers should not be too narrow, preferably at least 2-4 cm wide.
For outdoor activities, a long form is suitable - it can be tracksuits: track pants and a T-shirt, long leggings and a jacket. Sweatpants should not be wide, as it will be difficult to perform jumping rope, running exercises and exercises with objects.
For physical education, you must have two options for shoes: for the hall and for the street. From shoes, sneakers, sneakers, sports shoes are suitable. It is advisable not to buy Czechs and moccasins, since soft socks and backs of such shoes, the absence of an arch support can lead to injuries. The sole of the shoes should be low, elastic. So that the sole does not slip, the shoes must have a raised tread pattern. For younger students, it makes sense to buy sports shoes not with laces, but with Velcro, as kids can take a long time tying their shoelaces.
If physical education lessons will be held in a swimming pool, then you need to pick up a swimsuit and a cap. Swimming in the pool involves more active movement in the water than regular swimming, so it is better if you purchase a one-piece sports swimsuit. Sports swimsuits are designed in such a way that they provide the most comfortable swimming and exercising in the water. Sports swimsuits do not have laces, are not decorated with ruffles, frills and rhinestones, their task is to ensure the best streamlining of the body and freedom of movement. Lycra content in a sports swimsuit must be at least 20%.
To swim in the pool you need to buy a cap. There are only two sizes of hats: for adults and for children. They differ in volume and in that for young children there may be more bright colors decorated with different designs. It is best to buy a hat made of silicone. Such hats have many advantages: they are hypoallergenic, do not stick to the hair, which is very important for girls with long hair, easy to put on and take off, because the material is very elastic.
The material was prepared by S.V. Kolotilshchikova.
