Where the first Olympic Games were held in antiquity. History of the Olympic Games for Children
OLYMPIC GAMES(summer Olympic Games, Olympics), the largest international complex sport competitions modernity. The principles, rules and regulations of the Olympic Games are defined Olympic Charter. At the suggestion of P. de Coubertin the decision to organize the Olympic Games in the manner of the ancient ones and to create International Olympic Committee(IOC) was adopted by the International Sports Congress in Paris in 1894. The Olympic Games are held in the first year of the Olympiad. The Olympiads have been counted since 1896, when the first Olympic Games took place. The Olympiad also receives its number in cases where the games are not held (for example, the VI Olympiad - in 1916, XII - in 1940, XIII - in 1944). Apart from Olympic sports, the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games (established by the NOC of the country where the next Olympic Games will be held) has the right to include demonstration competitions in 1-2 sports not recognized by the IOC in the program of their choice. The timing of the Olympic Games since 1932 is no more than 15 days. The Olympic Games in Paris (1900) and Saint Louis (1904) were timed to coincide with the World exhibitions .
The Olympic movement has its own symbol, emblem and flag, approved by the IOC in 1914 at the suggestion of Coubertin in 1913. The Olympic symbol is 5 interlaced rings of blue, black, red (top row), yellow and green (bottom row) colors, which symbolize 5 combined in Olympic movement of parts of the world (respectively - Europe, Africa, America, Asia, Australia). The flag is white with Olympic rings, since 1920 has been raised at all Olympic Games. Also in 1913, the motto was approved - Citius, Altius, Fortius (faster, higher, stronger), proposed by A. Dido, a friend and ally of Coubertin, and which became part of the Olympic emblem. Olympic symbol and the motto made up the official Olympic emblem (since 1920). The list of statesmen and crowned persons who opened them testifies to the high prestige of the competitions: Athens, 1896 - George I (King of Greece); Paris, 1900 - there was no opening ceremony; St. Louis, 1904 - David Francis (President world exhibition); London, 1908 - Edward VII (King of Great Britain and Ireland); Stockholm, 1912 - Gustav V (King of Sweden); Antwerp, 1920 - Albert I (King of Belgium); Paris, 1924 - Gaston Doumergue (President of France); Amsterdam, 1928 - Heinrich of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Prince Hendrik of the Netherlands); Los Angeles, 1932 - Charles Curtis (Vice President of the United States); Berlin, 1936 - Adolf Hitler (Reich Chancellor of Germany); London, 1948 - George VI (King of Great Britain and Northern Ireland); Helsinki, 1952 - Juho Kusti Paasikivi (President of Finland); Melbourne, 1956 (equestrian competitions held in Stockholm) - Philip Mountbatten (Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh - Prince Consort of Great Britain) and Gustav VI Adolf (King of Sweden); Rome, 1960 - Giovanni Gronchi (President of Italy); Tokyo, 1964 - Hirohito (Emperor of Japan); Mexico City, 1968 - Gustavo Diaz Ordaz (President of Mexico); Munich, 1972 - Gustav Heinemann (Federal President of Germany); Montreal, 1976 - Elizabeth II (Queen of Great Britain and Northern Ireland); Moscow, 1980 - Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev (Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR); Los Angeles, 1984 - Ronald Reagan (US President); Seoul, 1988 - Ro Dae Woo (President of the Republic of Korea); Barcelona, 1992 - Juan Carlos I (King of Spain); Atlanta, 1996 - William (Bill) Jefferson Clinton (U.S. President); Sydney, 2000 - William Patrick Dean (Governor General of Australia); Athens, 2004 - Konstantinos Stephanopoulos (President of Greece); Beijing, 2008 - Hu Jintao (General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee); London, 2012 - Elizabeth II (Queen of Great Britain and Northern Ireland); Rio de Janeiro, 2016 - Michel Temer (Vice President of Brazil). The only woman to open the Olympics Queen Elizabeth II; as of January 1, 2020, she is the only statesman in the history of the Olympic Games to open them twice (Melbourne, 1956; London, 2012).
Traditional Olympic rituals: 1) lighting the Olympic flame at the opening ceremony (first lit from the sun in Olympia in 1936 and delivered by torchbearers to Berlin, the organizer of the Olympic Games); 2) Taking the Olympic oaths. The Olympic oath of athletes (the text was written in 1913 by Coubertin, it was first pronounced in Antwerp in 1920 by the Belgian fencer V. Buan): “On behalf of all athletes, I promise that we will participate in these Games, respecting and observing the rules by which they are held, in a truly sporting spirit, for the glory of sport and for the honor of their teams.” Olympic Oath of the Judges (included in the opening ceremony at the suggestion of the USSR Olympic Committee and held from the Olympic Games in Mexico City, 1968): “On behalf of all judges and officials, I promise that we will fulfill our duties at these Olympic Games with complete impartiality, respecting and respecting the rules under which they are held in a truly sporting spirit.” At the London 2012 Olympic Games, the Coaches' Olympic Pledge was made for the first time: “On behalf of all coaches and other people in the athlete's entourage, I promise that we will conduct ourselves in a manner that upholds the spirit of sportsmanship and fair play, in accordance with the basic principles Olympic Movement». 3) Presentation of medals to the winners and prize-winners of the competitions. For the 1st place, the athlete is awarded a gold medal, for the 2nd - a silver medal, for the 3rd– bronze. In the case when two athletes (teams) shared 1st-2nd places, both are awarded a gold medal; if the participants share 2nd-3rd or 2nd-4th places, everyone is awarded silver medals, and bronze medals are not awarded. In boxing competitions, two athletes who lose in the semi-finals receive bronze medals. In 1928, the IOC approved the image on the front side of the medal of the ancient Greek goddess Nike with a laurel wreath in her hand, on the reverse side - the sport, the emblem of the Games, and other symbols; 4) raising the national flag and performing the national anthem in honor of the winners. According to the charter, the Olympic Games are competitions between individual athletes and not between national teams. However, the so-called. unofficial team standings - determination of the place, occupied by teams, by the number of points received (points are awarded for the first 6 places according to the system: 1st place - 7 points, 2nd - 5 points, 3rd - 4 points, 4th - 3 points, 5th - 2 points , 6th - 1 point). The table is traditionally kept medal count by countries with the priority of medals of the highest value. Athlete (or team) winning gold medal at the Olympic Games or at the Olympic winter games, is awarded the title of Olympic champion. This title is not used with the prefix ex, such as ex-world champion. The largest number of medals in the history of the Summer Olympic Games (as of January 1, 2020) was won by athletes of the national teams: USA (27 participations; 1022 gold, 794 silver, 704 bronze); Russia; Germany; Great Britain (28; 263, 295, 289); China (10; 227, 164, 152); France (28; 212, 241, 260).
The Olympic Movement (as of January 1, 2016) includes 206 countries (including geographical areas), whose National Olympic Committees are recognized by the IOC. In the period 1896–2016, 31 Olympic Games were held (three of them did not take place due to world wars); 4 held in the USA; 3 - in the UK; 1 each in Sweden, Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Canada, the USSR, the Republic of Korea, Spain, China, Brazil. According to the Olympic Charter, the honor of hosting the Olympic Games is given to the city and not to the country (or territory). The decision on the election of the Olympic city (the capital of the Olympic Games) is taken by the IOC no later than 6 years before the start of these Games at the IOC session. The application of a candidate city must be approved by the NOC of that country. The city that nominates itself is required to provide the IOC with a government-approved written guarantee and a certain financial contribution (refunded to unelected cities). Since 1932, the host city of the Olympic Games has been building Olympic Village- a complex of residential premises for participants in the games. Among the various commitments olympic city submits for approval by the IOC the program of the Olympic Games, and since 1968, the national cultural program. The tradition of combining physical and artistic culture dates back to the Olympic Games Ancient Greece, where sports competitions were accompanied by competitions in various types art. The forerunners of the modern cultural program were art competitions (1906–52) and fine art exhibitions (1956–64). At the Olympic Games in 1968–72, the cultural program was international in nature, since 1976, according to the Olympic Charter, it has been national and covers all types of art, literature, photography, sports philately, etc. More often than other cities in the world, London was elected the capital of the Summer Olympic Games (3 times), Athens, Paris, Los Angeles (2 times each).
In 1980 the capital Games XXII The Olympics was Moscow; elected during the 75th session of the IOC on 10/23/1974 in Vienna. The main stadium of the Moscow Olympics was central Stadium them. V. I. Lenin (about 100 thousand seats, the modern name is Luzhniki), where the opening and closing ceremonies of the Games took place, competitions in athletics, the final match of the football tournament; a number of competitions were held in the area of Leningradsky Prospekt in Moscow - at the stadiums "Dynamo" and " Young Pioneers”and in the CSKA sports complex. Specially built for the Olympic Games: sports complex"Olympic" on Prospekt Mira, including a multi-purpose indoor stadium(about 35 thousand places; 22 disciplines of the Olympic program) and swimming pool; cycle track "Krylatskoye" (with two stands for 3 thousand seats), near which there is a circular cycling track and an archery field (here in 1972–73 for the European Championship in rowing the rowing canal "Krylatskoye" was built; stands - approx. 2.5 thousand places); equestrian complex "Bitsa" (tribune for 5 thousand seats); sports palaces "Izmailovo" (temporary collapsible tribune - up to 4 thousand seats; competitions in weightlifting) and Sokolniki (approx. 7 thousand seats; handball tournament games); shooting range "Dynamo" (approx. 3 thousand seats) in the suburban town of Mytishchi; Olimpic village. Over 5,000 athletes from 80 countries competed for 203 sets of medals in 21 sports. Athletes of the USSR national team won the largest number of medals in the history of the Olympic Games - 195 (including 80 gold, 69 silver and 46 bronze). Some competitions with the permission of the IOC were held in other cities. Group football tournaments and quarter-final matches were held in Kyiv, Leningrad and Minsk; sailing regatta was held in Tallinn. (Such exceptions were allowed before. For example, in 1956, due to quarantine and a ban on the import of horses to Australia, equestrian competitions were even held in another country - in Sweden, in Stockholm.) For political reasons, the 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow were boycotted by a number of countries, refused to participate. Four years later, the NOCs of the USSR and a number of other socialist countries boycotted the Olympic Games in Los Angeles. In 1906, Athens (22.4–2.5) hosted the Extraordinary Olympic Games with the participation of 903 athletes from 20 countries. These competitions have not received official recognition from the IOC.
To uphold the Olympic ideals and the noble principles of competition at the Olympic Games and the 1968 Olympic Winter Games by the IOC and international sports federations a doping control procedure was established, which is carried out by special anti-doping commissions. Since 1976, Olympic medalists have undergone special doping tests; if an athlete is found guilty of taking doping he is disqualified and forfeits his awards. On November 10, 1999, with the support of the IOC, the World Anti-Doping Agency(WADA). IN last years, regardless of the statute of limitations, WADA laboratories recheck the analyzes of athletes taken during previous Olympic Games (Beijing, 2008; London, 2012), which often leads to the revision of individual results, disqualification of winners and changes in the results in the unofficial team medal count(see table in article World Anti-Doping Agency). Before the start of the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro (2016), at the initiative of WADA, for various reasons, many Russian athletes, including all athletes (with the exception of long jumper D. I. Klishina) and weightlifters, most swimmers and rowers, tennis player M. Yu. Sharapova. As a result, the composition of the Russian national team was reduced by almost 50%.
In 6 types of the Olympic program ( cycling, athletics, swimming, shooting, archery, weightlifting) are registered Olympic records regardless of at what stage of the competition (preliminary, qualifying or final) they were established. If the result exceeds the world record, then it is considered both a world and an Olympic record.
Since 1968, the organizers of the Olympic Games have been using the Olympic mascot for propaganda and commercial purposes.
To reward especially distinguished athletes, figures of the Olympic movement and major statesmen in the mid-1970s. the Olympic Order was established (had three degrees) - Gold, Silver and Bronze (now only the first two). The first recipient of the Golden Olympic Order was the ex-president of the IOC E. Brundage. The current members of the IOC are not awarded Olympic orders.
See table 1 for the dates and main results of the Summer Olympic Games. See table 2 for the athletes who have won the most Olympic medals at the Olympic Games. See table 3 for athletes who have participated in 6 or more Olympics.
Table 1. The main results of the Summer Olympic Games (Athens, 1896 - Rio de Janeiro, 2016).
| Official name. Capital, dates. Main stadium. Games Mascots (since 1968) | Number of countries; athletes (including women); sets of medals played in sports | Most Successful Athletes (medals gold, silver, bronze) | Countries that have won the most medals (gold, silver, bronze) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Games of the I Olympiad. Athens, 6.4–15.4. 1896. "Panathinaikos" (80 thousand seats) | 14; 241(0); 43 at 9 | K. Schumann (4, 0, 0), X. Weingertner (3, 2, 1) and A. Flatow (3, 1, 0; all Germany); R. Garrett (USA; 2, 2, 0); F. Hofmann (Germany; 2, 1, 1) | USA (11, 7, 2); Greece (10, 17, 19); Germany (6, 5, 2); France (5, 4, 2); UK (2, 3, 2) |
| Games of the II Olympiad. Paris, 14.5–28.10. 1900. Velodrome in the Bois de Vincennes, "Racing" club, etc. | 24; 997(22); 95 to 20 | A. Krenzlein (USA; 4, 0, 0); K. Steely (Switzerland; 3, 0, 1); R. Urey (3, 0, 0), I. Baxter (2, 3, 0) and W. Tewksbury (2, 2, 1; all USA) | France (26, 41, 34); USA (19, 14, 14); UK (15, 6, 9); Switzerland (6, 2, 1); Belgium (5, 5, 5) |
| Games of the III Olympiad. St. Louis, 1.7–23.11. 1904. "Francis Field" (19 thousand seats) | 12; 651(6); 94 at 16 | A. Heida (5, 1, 0), M. Hurley (4, 0, 1), J. Acer (3, 2, 1), C. Daniels (3, 1, 1) and J. Lightbody (3, 1, 0; all US); R. Fonst (Cuba; 3, 0, 0) | USA (78, 82, 79); Germany (4, 4, 5); Cuba (4, 2, 3); Canada (4, 1, 1); Hungary (2, 1, 1) |
| Games of the IV Olympiad. London, 27.4–31.10. 1908. "White City" ("White City"; over 70 thousand seats) | 22; 2008(37); 110 to 22 | G. Taylor (Great Britain; 3, 0, 0); M. Sheppard (USA; 3, 0, 0) | UK (56, 51, 39); USA (23, 12, 12); Sweden (8, 6, 11); France (5, 5, 9); Germany (3, 5, 5) |
| Games of the V Olympiad. Stockholm, 5.5–22.7.1912. " Olympic Stadium» (14.4 thousand places) | 28; 2408(48); 102 at 14 | V. Karlberg (Sweden; 3, 2, 0); J. Kolehmainen (Finland; 3, 1, 0); A. Lane (USA; 3, 0, 0); E. Carlberg (2, 2, 0) and J. H. von Holst (2, 1, 1; both Sweden) | USA (25, 19, 19); Sweden (24, 24, 17); UK (10, 15, 16); Finland (9, 8, 9); France (7, 4, 3) |
| Games of the VII Olympiad. Antwerp, 20.4–12.9. 1920. Olympic Stadium (approx. 13 thousand seats) | 29; 2626(65); 156 at 22 | W. Lee (USA; 5, 1, 1); N. Nadi (Italy; 5, 0, 0); L. Spooner (USA; 4, 1, 2); X. van Innis (Belgium; 4, 2, 0); C. Osborne (USA; 4, 1, 1) | USA (41, 27, 27); Sweden (19, 20, 25); UK (15, 15, 13); Finland (15, 10, 9); Belgium (14, 11, 11) |
| Games of the VIII Olympiad. Paris, 4.5–27.7. 1924. "Olympique de Colombes" ("Olympique de Colombes"; 60 thousand seats) | 44; 3088(135); 126 at 17 | P. Nurmi (5, 0, 0) and V. Ritola (4, 2, 0; both Finland); R. Ducret (France; 3, 2, 0); J. Weissmuller (USA; 3, 0, 1) | USA (45, 27, 27); Finland (14, 13, 10); France (13, 15, 10); UK (9, 13, 12); Italy (8, 3, 5) |
| Games of the IX Olympiad. Amsterdam, 17.5–12.8. 1928. "Olympic Stadium" (over 31 thousand seats) | 46; 2883 (277); 109 at 14 | J. Miz (3, 1, 0) and X. Hengy (2, 1, 1; both Switzerland); L. Godin (France; 2, 1, 0); E. Mack (Switzerland; 2, 0, 1) | USA (22, 18, 16); Germany (10, 7, 14); Finland (8, 8, 9); Sweden (7, 6, 12); Italy (7, 5, 7) |
| Games of the X Olympiad. Los Angeles, 30.7–14.8. 1932. "Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum" ("Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum"; over 93 thousand seats) | 37; 1332(126); 117 at 14 | E. Madison (USA; 3, 0, 0); R. Neri (3, 0, 0) and G. Gaudini (0, 3, 1; both Italy); H. Savolainen (Finland; 0, 1, 3) | USA (41, 32, 30); Italy (12, 12, 12); France (10, 5, 4); Sweden (9, 5, 9); Japan (7, 7, 4) |
| Games of the XI Olympiad. Berlin, 1.8–16.8. 1936. "Olympiastadion" ("Olympiastadion"; 100 thousand seats) | 49; 3963(331); 129 at 19 | J. Owens (USA; 4, 0, 0); K. Frei (3, 1, 2) and A. Schwartzman (3, 0, 2; both Germany); H. Mastenbrook (Netherlands; 3, 1, 0); R. Charpentier (France; 3, 0, 0); E. Mack (Switzerland; 0, 4, 1) | Germany (33, 26, 30); USA (24, 20, 12); Hungary (10, 1, 5); Italy (8, 9, 5); Finland (7, 6, 6); France (7, 6, 6) |
| Games of the XIV Olympiad. London, 29.7–14.8. 1948. "Wembley" ("Wembley"; over 120 thousand seats) | 59; 4104 (390); 136 at 17 | F. Blankers-Kuhn (Netherlands; 4, 0, 0); V. Huhtanen (3, 1, 1) and P. Aaltonen (3, 0, 1; both Finland) | US (38, 27, 19); Sweden (16, 11, 17); France (10, 6, 13); Hungary (10, 5, 12); Italy (8, 11, 8) |
| Games of the XV Olympiad. Helsinki, 19.7–3.8. 1952. Olympic Stadium (40 thousand seats) | 69; 4955 (519); 149 at 17 | V. I. Chukarin (USSR; 4, 2, 0); E. Zatopek (Czechoslovakia; 3, 0, 0); M. K. Gorokhovskaya (2, 5, 0) and N. A. Bocharova (2, 2, 0; both USSR); E. Mangiarotti (Italy; 2, 2, 0) | USA (40, 19, 17); USSR (22, 30, 19); Hungary (16, 10, 16); Sweden (12, 13, 10); Italy (8, 9, 4) |
| Games of the XVI Olympiad. Melbourne, 22.11–8.12. 1956. "Melbourne Cricket Ground" ("Melbourne Cricket Ground"; 100 thousand seats) | 72; 3314 (376); 145 at 17 | A. Keleti (Hungary; 4, 2, 0); L. S. Latynina (4, 1, 1), V. I. Chukarin (3, 1, 1) and V. I. Muratov (3, 1, 0; all USSR) | USSR (37, 29, 32); USA (32, 25, 17); Australia (13, 8, 14); Hungary (9, 10, 7); Italy (8, 8, 9) |
| Games of the XVII Olympiad. Rome, 25.8–11.9.1960. Olympic Stadium (approx. 73 thousand seats) | 83; 5338(611); 150 at 17 | B. A. Shakhlin (4.2, 1) and L. S. Latynina (3, 2, 1; both USSR); T. Ono (Japan; 3, 1, 2); K. von Salza (USA; 3, 1, 0); W. Rudolph (USA; 3, 0, 0) | USSR (43, 29, 31); USA (34, 21, 16); Italy (13, 10, 13); WGC* (12, 19, 11); Australia (8, 8, 6) |
| Games of the XVIII Olympiad. Tokyo, 10.10–24.10. 1964. National Olympic Stadium (48 thousand seats) | 93; 5151 (678); 163 at 19 | D. Schollender (USA; 4, 0, 0); V. Chaslavska (Czechoslovakia; 3, 1, 0); Y. Endo (Japan; 3, 1, 0); S. Stauder (3, 1, 0) and S. Clark (3, 0, 0; both USA); L. S. Latynina (USSR; 2, 2, 2) | USA (36, 26, 28); USSR (30, 31, 35); Japan (16, 5, 8); WGC* (10, 22, 18); Italy (10, 10, 7) |
| Games of the XIX Olympiad. Mexico City, 12.10–27.10. 1968. "Olímpico Universitario" ("Olímpico Universitario" St. 63 thousand seats). red jaguar | 112; 5516 (781); 172 at 18 | V. Chaslavska (Czechoslovakia; 4, 2, 0); A. Nakayama (Japan; 4, 1, 1); Ch. Hickox (USA; 3, 1.0); S. Kato (Japan; 3, 0, 1); D. Meyer (USA; 3, 0, 0); M. Ya. Voronin (USSR; 2, 4, 1) | USA (45, 28, 34); USSR (29, 32, 30); Japan (11, 7, 7); Hungary (10, 10, 12); GDR (9, 9, 7) |
| Games of the XX Olympiad. Munich, 26.8–10.9. 1972. Olympiastadion (over 69 thousand places). Dachshund Waldi | 121; 7134 (1059); 195 at 21 | M. Spitz (USA; 7, 0, 0); S. Kato (Japan; 3, 2, 0); S. Gould (Austria; 3, 1, 1); O. V. Korbut (USSR; 3, 1, 0); M. Belout and S. Nilson (both USA; 3, 0, 0 each); K. Janz (GDR; 2, 2, 1) | USSR (50, 27, 22); USA (33, 31, 30); GDR (20, 23, 23); Germany (13, 11, 16); Japan (13, 8, 8) |
| Games of the XXI Olympiad. Montreal, 17.7–1.8. 1976. Olympic Stadium (approx. 66 thousand seats). Beaver Amik | 92; 6048 (1260); 198 at 21 | N. E. Andrianov (USSR; 4, 2, 1); K. Ender (GDR; 4, 1, 0); J. Neiber (USA; 4, 1, 0); N. Komenech (Romania; 3, 1, 1); N. V. Kim (USSR; 3, 1, 0); M. Tsukahara (Japan; 2, 1,2) | USSR (49, 41, 35); GDR (40, 25, 25); USA (34; 35, 25); Germany (10, 12, 17); Japan (9, 6, 10) |
| Games XXII Olympiad. Moscow, 19.7–3.8. 1980. Stadium. Lenin (modern name "Luzhniki"; approx. 100 thousand seats). Bear cub Misha | 80; 5179 (1115); 203 at 21 | A. N. Dityatin (USSR; 3, 4, 1); K. Metschuk (3, 1, 0), B. Krause and R. Reinisch (3, 0, 0 each; all GDRs); V. V. Parfenovich and V. V. Salnikov (both USSR; 3.0.0 each); N. Komenech (Romania; 2, 2, 0) | USSR (80, 69, 46); GDR (47, 37, 42); Bulgaria (8, 16, 17); Cuba (8, 7, 5); Italy (8, 3, 4) |
| Games of the XXIII Olympiad. Los Angeles, 28.7–12.8. 1984. "Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum" (over 93 thousand seats). Eaglet Sam | 140; 6829 (1566); 221 at 23 | E. Sabo (Romania; 4, 1, 0); C. Lewis (USA; 4, 0, 0); Li Ning (China; 3, 2, 1); M. Heath and N. Hogshed (both US; 3 each, 1.0) | USA (83, 60, 30); Romania (20, 16, 17); Germany (17, 19, 23); China (15, 8, 9); Italy (14, 6, 12) |
| Games of the XXIV Olympiad. Seoul, 17.9–2.10.1988. Olympic Stadium (approx. 70 thousand seats). Tiger cub Hodori | 159; 8391 (2194); 237 at 23 | K. Otto (GDR; 6, 0, 0); M. Biondi (USA; 5, 1, 1); V. N. Artyomov (USSR; 4, 1, 0); D. Silivas (Romania; 3, 2, 1); F. Griffith-Joyner (USA; 3, 1, 0); D. V. Bilozerchev (USSR; 3, 0, 1); J. Evans (USA; 3, 0, 0) | USSR (55, 31, 46); GDR (37, 35, 30); USA (36, 31, 27); Republic of Korea (12, 10, 11); Germany (11, 14, 15) |
| Games of the XXV Olympiad. Barcelona, 25.7–9.8.1992. "Olympico de Montjuic" (“Olímpico de Montjuic”; ca. 56,000 seats). dog Kobe | 169; 9356 (2704); 257 at 32 | V. V. Shcherbo (OK**; 6, 0, 0); K. Egersegi (Hungary; 3, 0, 0); E. V. Sadovy (OK**; 3, 0, 0); N. Hayslett (USA; 3, 0, 0); A. V. Popov (OK**; 2, 2, 0) | OK** (45, 38, 29); USA (37, 34, 37); Germany (33, 21, 28); China (16, 22, 16); Cuba (14, 6, 11) |
| Games of the XXVI Olympiad. Atlanta, 19.7–4.8. 1996. "Centennial Olympic" ("Centennial Olympic"; 85 thousand seats). Computer character Izzy | 197; 10320 (3523); 271 at 26 | E. Van Dyken (USA; 4, 0, 0); M. Smith (Ireland; 3, 0, 1); A. Yu. Nemov (2, 1, 3) and A. V. Popov (2, 2, 0; both Russia); G. Hall (USA; 2, 2, 0) | USA (44, 32, 25); Russia (26, 21, 16); Germany (20, 18, 27); China (16, 22, 12); France (15, 7, 15) |
| Games of the XXVII Olympiad. Sydney, 15.9–1.10. 2000. "Ostreylia" (83.5 thousand seats). Ollie the Kookaburra, Sid the Platypus, Millie the Echidna | 199; 10651 (4069); 300 at 28 | L. van Morsel (Netherlands; 3, 1, 0); I. Thorp (Australia; 3, 2, 0); I. de Bruijn (Netherlands; 3, 1, 0); M. Jones (3, 0, 1) and L. Krayzelburg (3, 0, 0; both USA); A. Yu. Nemov (Russia; 2, 1, 3) | USA (37, 24, 33); Russia (32, 28, 29); China (28, 16, 14); Australia (16, 25, 17); Germany (13, 17, 26) |
| Games of the XXVIII Olympiad. Athens, 13.8–29.8. 2004. Olympic Stadium (approx. 70 thousand seats). Antique dolls Phoebus and Athena | 201; 10625 (4329); 301 at 28 | M. Phelps (USA; 6, 0, 2); P. Thomas (Australia; 3, 1.0); K. Ponor (Romania; 3, 0, 0); A. Peirsol (USA; 3, 0, 0); W. Campbell (Jamaica; 2, 0, 1); I. Thorp (Australia; 2, 1, 1); I. de Bruijn (Netherlands; 1,1,2) | USA (35, 40, 26); China (32; 17, 14); Russia (28, 26, 37); Australia (17, 16, 17); Japan (16, 9, 12) |
| Games of the XXIX Olympiad. Beijing, 8.8–24.8. 2008. National Stadium (91 thousand seats). Fortune Children: Bei-Bei, Ching-Ching, Huan-Huan, Ying-Ying and Ni-Ni | 204; 10942 (4637); 302 at 28 | M. Phelps (USA; 8, 0, 0); W. Bolt (Jamaica; 3, 0, 0); K. Hoy (Great Britain; 3, 0, 0); Tsou Kai (China; 3, 0, 0); S. Rice (Australia; 3, 0, 0) | China (51, 21, 28); US (36, 38, 36); Russia (22, 18, 26); UK (19, 13, 15); Germany (16, 10, 15) |
| Games of the XXX Olympiad. London, 27.7–12.8. 2012. Olympic Stadium (80 thousand seats). Two Drops of Steel - Wenlock and Mandeville | 204; 10768 (4776); 302 at 26 | M. Phelps (4, 2, 0); M. Franklin (4, 0, 1), E. Schmitt (3, 1, 1) and D. Volmer (3, 0, 0; all USA); W. Bolt (Jamaica; 3, 0, 0) | USA (46, 29, 29); China (38, 27, 23); UK (29, 17, 19); Russia (24, 26, 32); Republic of Korea (13, 8, 7) |
| Games of the XXXI Olympiad. Rio de Janeiro, 5.8.-21.8.2016. "Maracana" (78.8 thousand seats). Flora and fauna of Brazil - Vinicius and Tom | 207; 11303 (c. 4700); 306 at 28 | M. Phelps (5.1.0); S. Biles (4.1.0); C. Ledecky (4.1.0; all US); W. Bolt (Jamaica), J. Kenny (Great Britain), D. Kozak (Hungary) (all 3.0.0). | US (48.37.38); UK (27, 23.17); China (26, 18, 26); Russia (19,18,19); Germany (17,10,15). |
* United German team.
** United team of the countries of the former USSR.
Table 2. Athletes with the most victories at the Olympic Games (Athens, 1896 - Rio de Janeiro, 2016).
| Athlete, a country | Kind of sport, years of participation | Medals | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| golden | silver | bronze | ||
| M. Phelps, USA | Swimming, 2004–2016 | 23 | 3 | 2 |
| L. S. Latynina, USSR | Gymnastics, 1956–1964 | 9 | 5 | 4 |
| P. Nurmi, Finland | Athletics, 1920–1928 | 9 | 3 | 0 |
| M. Spitz, USA | Swimming, 1968–1972 | 9 | 1 | 1 |
| C. Lewis, USA | Athletics, 1984–1996 | 9 | 1 | 0 |
| W. Bolt, Jamaica | Athletics, 2004–2016 | 9 | 0 | 0 |
| B. Fisher, Germany | Rowing and canoeing, 1980–2004 | 8 | 4 | 0 |
| S. Kato, Japan | Gymnastics, 1968–1976 | 8 | 3 | 1 |
| J. Thompson, USA | Swimming, 1992–2004 | 8 | 3 | 1 |
| M. Biondi, USA | Swimming, 1984–1992 | 8 | 2 | 1 |
| R. Urey, USA | Athletics, 1900–1908 | 8 | 0 | 0 |
| N. E. Andrianov, USSR | Gymnastics, 1972–1980 | 7 | 5 | 3 |
| B. A. Shakhlin, USSR | Gymnastics, 1956–1964 | 7 | 4 | 2 |
| V. Chaslavska, Czechoslovakia | Gymnastics, 1960–1968 | 7 | 4 | 0 |
| V. I. Chukarin, USSR | Gymnastics, 1952–1956 | 7 | 3 | 1 |
| A. Gerevich, Hungary | Fencing, 1932–1960 | 7 | 1 | 2 |
| E. Manjarotti, Italy | Fencing, 1936–1960 | 6 | 5 | 2 |
| I. Werth, Germany | Horseback Riding, 1992–2016 | 6 | 4 | 0 |
| R. Lochte, USA | Swimming, 2004–2016 | 6 | 3 | 3 |
| E. Felix, USA | Athletics, 2004–2016 | 6 | 3 | 0 |
| H. van Innis, Belgium | Archery, 1900–1920 | 6 | 3 | 0 |
| A. Nakayama, Japan | Gymnastics, 1968–1972 | 6 | 2 | 2 |
| V. Vezzali, Italy | Fencing, 1996–2012 | 6 | 1 | 2 |
| G. Fredriksson, Sweden | Rowing and canoeing, 1948–1960 | 6 | 1 | 1 |
| K. Hoy, Great Britain | cycling, 2000–2012 | 6 | 1 | 0 |
| V. V. Shcherbo, Belarus | Gymnastics, 1992–1996 | 6 | 0 | 4 |
| R. Klimke, Germany | Horseback Riding, 1964–1988 | 6 | 0 | 2 |
| P. Kovacs, Hungary | Fencing, 1936–1960 | 6 | 0 | 1 |
| E. Van Dyken, USA | Swimming, 1996–2000 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| R. Karpathy, Hungary | Fencing, 1948–1960 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| N. Nadi, Italy | Fencing, 1912–1920 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| K. Otto, GDR | Swimming, 1988 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| T. It, Japan | Gymnastics, 1952–1964 | 5 | 4 | 4 |
| C. Osburn, USA | shooting sport, 1912–1924 | 5 | 4 | 2 |
| A. Keleti, Hungary | Gymnastics, 1952–1956 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| G. Hall, Jr., USA | Swimming, 1996–2004 | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| N. Comaneci, Romania | Gymnastics, 1976–1980 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
| I. Thorp, Australia | Swimming, 2000–2004 | 5 | 3 | 1 |
| V. Ritola, Finland | Athletics, 1924–1928 | 5 | 3 | 0 |
| P. G. Astakhova, USSR | Gymnastics, 1956–1964 | 5 | 2 | 3 |
| E. Lipe, Romania | rowing, 1984–2000 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
| A. Piersol, USA | Swimming, 2000–2008 | 5 | 2 | 0 |
| Y. Endo, Japan | Gymnastics, 1960–1968 | 5 | 2 | 0 |
| M. Tsukahara, Japan | 5 | 1 | 3 | |
| N. Adrian, USA | Swimming, 2008–2016 | 5 | 1 | 2 |
| B. Wiggins, UK | cycling, 2000–2016 | 5 | 1 | 2 |
| H. G. Winkler, Germany | Horseback Riding, 1956–1976 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| T. Jaeger, USA | Swimming, 1984–1992 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| W. Lee, USA | shooting sport, 1920 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| K. Egersegi, Hungary | Swimming, 1988–1996 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| Wu Minxia, China | Diving, 2004–2016 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| N. V. Kim, USSR | Gymnastics, 1976–1980 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
| O. Lillo-Olsen, Norway | shooting sport, 1920–1924 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
| A. Heida, USA | Gymnastics, 1904 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
| D. Schollander, USA | Swimming, 1964–1968 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
| K. Ledecky, USA | Swimming, 2012–2016 | 5 | 1 | 0 |
| M. Franklin, USA | Swimming, 2012–2016 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
| J. Weissmuller, USA | Swimming, water polo, 1924–1928 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
| J. Damian, Romania | rowing, 2000–2008 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
| A. Lane, USA | shooting sport, 1912–1920 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
| S. Redgrave, UK | rowing, 1984–2000 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
| Ts. Kai, China | Gymnastics, 2004–2012 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
| M. Fisher, USA | shooting sport, 1920–1924 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| C. Zholin, China | Diving, 2008–2016 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| N. S. Ishchenko, Russia | Synchronized swimming, 2008–2016 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| S. A. Romashina, Russia | Synchronized swimming, 2008–2016 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| A. S. Davydova, Russia | Synchronized swimming, 2004–2012 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| A. V. Popov, Russia | Swimming, 1992–2000 | 4 | 5 | 0 |
| D. Torres, USA | Swimming, 1984–2008 | 4 | 4 | 4 |
| D. Frazier, Australia | Swimming, 1956–1964 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| K. Ender, GDR | Swimming, 1972–1976 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| L. I. Turishcheva, USSR | Artistic gymnastics, 1968–1976 | 4 | 3 | 2 |
| J. Mie, Switzerland | Gymnastics, 1924–1936 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| O. Olsen, Norway | shooting sport, 1920–1924 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| I. Patsaykin, Romania | Rowing and canoeing, 1968–1984 | 4 | 3 | 0 |
| A. Yu. Nemov, Russia | Gymnastics, 1996–2000 | 4 | 2 | 6 |
| I. de Bruyne, Netherlands | Swimming, 2000–2004 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| E. Schmitt, USA | Swimming, 2008–2016 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| J. Lezak, USA | Swimming, 2000–2012 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| R. Matthes, GDR | Swimming, 1968–1976 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| E. Lieberg, Norway | shooting sport, 1908–1924 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
| L. Godin, France | Fencing, 1920–1928 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
| Guo Jingjing, China | Diving, 2000–2008 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
| J. Delfino, Italy | Fencing, 1952–1964 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
| C. d'Oriola, France | Fencing, 1948–1956 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
| O. V. Korbut, USSR | Gymnastics, 1972–1976 | 4 | 2 | 0 |
| J. Trillini, Italy | Fencing, 1992–2008 | 4 | 1 | 3 |
| C. Daniels, USA | Swimming, 1904–1908 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| K. Kitajima, Japan | Swimming, 2004–2012 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| L. Spooner, USA | shooting sport, 1920 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| L. Trickett, Australia | Swimming, 2004–2012 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| D. Ignat, Romania | rowing, 1992–2008 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| Kim Soo Young, The Republic of Korea | Archery, 1988–2000 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| L. van Morsel, The Netherlands | cycling, 2000–2004 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| E. D. Belova, USSR | Fencing, 1968–1976 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| M. Rose, Australia | Swimming, 1956–1960 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| V. A. Sidyak, USSR | Fencing, 1968–1980 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| V. N. Artyomov, USSR | Gymnastics, 1988 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| wang nan, China | Table tennis, 2000–2008 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| Ya. A. Klochkova, Ukraine | Swimming, 2000–2004 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| Yu. H. Kolehmainen, Finland | Athletics, 1912–1920 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| G. Louganis, USA | Diving, 1976–1988 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| V. I. Muratov, USSR | Gymnastics, 1952–1956 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| J. Neiber, USA | Swimming, 1976 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| E. Zatopek, Czechoslovakia | Athletics, 1948–1952 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| C. Payu de Mortange, Netherlands | Horseback Riding, 1924–1936 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| E. Sabo, Romania | Gymnastics, 1984 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| I. Ferguson, New Zealand | Rowing and canoeing, 1984–1988 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| R. Fonst, Cuba | Fencing, 1900–1904 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| Fu Mingxia China | Diving, 1992–2000 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| M. Sheppard, USA | Athletics, 1908–1912 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| J. Evans, USA | Swimming, 1988–1992 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| C. B. Ainslie, UK | Sailing, 1996–2012 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| W. Williams, USA | Tennis, 2000–2016 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| E. Ashford, USA | Athletics, 1984–1992 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
| D. Kulchar, Hungary | Fencing, 1964–1976 | 4 | 0 | 2 |
| K. Boron, Germany | rowing, 1992–2008 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| C. Wagner-Augustin, Germany | Rowing and canoeing, 2000–2012 | 4 | 1 | 1 |
| J. Zampori, Italy | Gymnastics, 1912–1924 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| Li Xiaopeng, China | Gymnastics, 2000–2008 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| J. Olsen, USA | Swimming, 1992–1996 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| S. A. Pozdnyakov, Russia | Fencing, 1992–2004 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| S. Richards-Ross, USA | Athletics, 2004–2012 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| V. Susanu, Romania | rowing, 2000–2008 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| M. Harley, USA | cycling, 1904 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| T. Edwards, USA | Basketball, 1984–2000 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| L. Berbaum, Germany | Horseback Riding, 1988–2000 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| F. Blankers-Kuhn, The Netherlands | Athletics, 1948 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| B. Wöckel, GDR | Athletics, 1976–1980 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| L. Viren, Finland | Athletics, 1972–1976 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| T. Darny, Hungary | Swimming, 1988–1992 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Deng Yaping, China | Table tennis, 1992–1996 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| M. Johnson, USA | Athletics, 1992–2000 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| H. Dillard, USA | Athletics, 1948–1952 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| A. N. Ermakova, Russia | Synchronized swimming, 2004–2008 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| B. Cuthbert, Australia | Athletics, 1956–1964 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| R. Korzhenevsky, Poland | Athletics, 1996–2004 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| A. Krenzlein, USA | Athletics, 1900 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| L. Kraizelburg, USA | Swimming, 2000–2004 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| V. A. Krovopuskov, USSR | Fencing, 1976–1980 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| L. Leslie, USA | Basketball, 1996–2008 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| D. Taurasi, USA | Basketball, 2004–2016 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| S. Bird, USA | Basketball, 2004–2016 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| K. Ityo, Japan | Freestyle wrestling, 2004–2016 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| P. McCormick, USA | Diving, 1952–1956 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| E. Orter, USA | Athletics, 1956–1968 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| J. Owens, USA | Athletics, 1936 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| C. Pavesi, Italy | Fencing, 1952–1960 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| M. Pinsent, UK | rowing, 1992–2004 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| P. Radmilovich, UK | water polo, swimming, 1908–1920 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| V. V. Salnikov, USSR | Swimming, 1980–1988 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| H. St. Cyr, Sweden | Horseback Riding, 1952–1956 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| S. Williams, USA | Tennis, 2000–2012 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| N. Uphoff, Germany | Horseback Riding, 1988–1992 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| J. Fuchs, Hungary | Fencing, 1908–1912 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| Zhang Yining, China | Table tennis, 2004–2008 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| K. Schuman, Germany | Artistic gymnastics, wrestling, 1896 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| P. Elvström, Denmark | Sailing, 1948–1960 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
3 gold Olympic medals won at the Olympic Games approx. 200 athletes (as of January 1, 2020), including representatives of Russia (including the USSR): A. V. Azaryan, D. V. Bilozerchev, S. L. Boginskaya, O. A. Brusnikina, O. A. Bryzgina , G. E. Gorohova , A. N. Dityatin , V. V. Ekimov , V. F. Zhdanovich , A. I. Zabelina , V. N. Ivanov, T. V. Kazankina , A. A. Karelin , M. A. Kiseleva , A. I. Lavrov , V. G. Mankin , A. V. Medved , V. I. Morozov, V. A. Nazlymov , V. V. Parfenovich , T. N. Press , V. D. Saneev , E. V. Sadovy , B. Kh. Saytiev , L. I. Khvedosyuk-Pinaeva , S. A. Chukhrai .
Table 3. Athletes who took part in 6 or more Olympiads (as of 1.1.2020).
| Athlete (year of birth), a country | Quantity | Kind of sport | Participation years | Medals | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| golden | silver | bronze | ||||
| I. Millar (b. 1947), Canada | 10 | Horseback Riding | 1972–1976 1984–2012 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| H. Raudashl, (b. 1942) Austria | 9 | Sailing | 1964–1996 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| A. Kuzmin (b. 1947), USSR (3) Latvia (6) | 9 | Shooting sport | 1976–1980 1988–2012 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| P. D'Inzeo (1923–2014), Italy | 8 | Horseback Riding | 1948–1976 | 0 | 2 | 4 |
| R. D'Inzeo (1925–2013), Italy | 8 | Horseback Riding | 1948–1976 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| D. Knowles (b. 1917) , United Kingdom (1) Bahamas (7) | 8 | Sailing | 1948–1972, 1988 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| P. Elvström (b. 1928), Denmark | 8 | Sailing | 1948–1960, 1968, 1972, 1984, 1988 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
| R. Debevec (b. 1963), Yugoslavia (2) Slovenia (6) | 8 | Shooting sport | 1984–2012 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| J. Idem (1964), Germany (2) Italy (6) | 8 | Kayaking | 1984–2012 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| F. Bosa (b. 1964), Peru | 8 | Shooting sport | 1980–2004, 2016 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| L. Thompson (b. 1959), Canada | 8 | rowing | 1984–2000 2008–2016 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| N. Salukvadze (b. 1969), USSR (2), Georgia (6) | 8 | Shooting sport | 1988–2016 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| I. Osier (1888–1965), Denmark | 7 | Fencing | 1908–1932, 1948 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| F. Lafortune Jr. (b. 1932), Belgium | 7 | Shooting sport | 1952–1976 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| C. Palm (b. 1946), Sweden | 7 | Fencing | 1964–1988 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| J. M. Plumb (b. 1940), USA | 7 | Horseback Riding | 1964–1976, 1984–1992 | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| R. Scanoker (b. 1934), Sweden | 7 | Shooting sport | 1972–1996 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| S. Hashimoto* (b. 1964), Japan | 7 | cycling, skating | 1984–1994, 1988–1996 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| M. Otti (b. 1960), Jamaica (6) Slovenia (1) | 7 | Athletics | 1980–2004, | 0 | 3 | 6 |
| J. Longo (b. 1958), France | 7 | Cycling | 1984–2008 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| E. Hoy (b. 1959), Australia | 7 | Horseback Riding | 1984–2004, 2012 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| J. Persson (b. 1966), Sweden | 7 | Table tennis | 1988–2012 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Z. Primorac (b. 1969), Yugoslavia (1) Croatia (6) | 7 | Table tennis | 1988–2012 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| J. M. Seve (b. 1969), Belgium | 7 | Table tennis | 1988–2012 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| A. van Grunsven (b. 1968), Netherlands | 7 | Horseback Riding | 1988–2012 | 3 | 5 | 0 |
| J. Lansink (b. 1961), Netherlands (4) Belgium (3) | 7 | Horseback Riding | 1988–2012 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| J. Šekarić (b. 1965), Yugoslavia (1) Independents Olympic athletes(1) Yugoslavia (2), Serbia and Montenegro (1), Serbia (2) | 7 | Shooting sport | 1988–2012 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| R. Schumann (b. 1962), East Germany (1) Germany (6) | 7 | Shooting sport | 1988–2012 | 3 | 2 | 0 |
| M. Todd (b. 1956), New Zealand | 7 | Horseback Riding | 1984–1992, 2000, 2008–2016 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| L. Berbaum (b. 1963), Germany (1), Germany (6) | 7 | Horseback Riding | 1988–2008, 2016 | 4 | 0 | 1 |
| N. Skelton (b. 1957), UK | 7 | Horseback Riding | 1988–1996, 2004–2016 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| T. Wilhelmson-Sylven, (b. 1967) Sweden | 7 | Horseback Riding | 1992–2016 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| J. A. G. Bragado (b. 1969), Spain | 7 | Athletics | 1992–2016 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| E. Karsten (b. 1972), United team (1), Belarus (6) | 7 | rowing | 1992–2016 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| L. Paes (b. 1973), India | 7 | Tennis | 1992–2016 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| J. Pellielo (b. 1970), Italy | 7 | Shooting sport | 1992–2016 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| J. Rodrigues (b. 1971), Portugal | 7 | Sailing | 1992–2016 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| S. Toriola (b. 1974), Nigeria | 7 | Table tennis | 1992–2016 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| O. Chusovitina (b. 1975), United team (1), Uzbekistan (4), Germany (2) | 7 | Gymnastics | 1992–2016 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| M. Konov (1887–1972), Norway | 6 | Sailing | 1908–1920, 1928–1948 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| N. Cohn-Armitage (1907–1972), USA | 6 | Fencing | 1928–1956 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| A. Gerevich (1910–1991), Hungary | 6 | Fencing | 1932–1960 | 7 | 1 | 2 |
| J. Romery (1927–2007), USA | 6 | Fencing | 1948–1968 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| L. Manoliu (1932–1998), Romania | 6 | Athletics | 1952–1972 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| E. Pavlovsky (1932–2005), Poland | 6 | Fencing | 1952–1972 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| W. Macmillan (1929–2000), USA | 6 | Shooting sport | 1952, 1960–1976 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| H. G. Winkler (b. 1926), Germany (3), Germany (3) | 6 | Horseback Riding | 1956–1976 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| A. Smelchinsky (b. 1930), Poland | 6 | Shooting sport | 1956–1976 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| F. Chapot (1932–2016), USA | 6 | Horseback Riding | 1956–1976 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| B. Hoskins (1931–2013), UK | 6 | Fencing | 1956–1976 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| J. Elder (b. 1934), Canada | 6 | Horseback Riding | 1956–1960, 1968–1976, 1984 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| H. Fogh (1938–2014), Denmark (4), Canada (2) | 6 | Sailing | 1960–1976, 1984 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| R. Klimke (1936–1999), Germany (2), Germany (4) | 6 | Horseback Riding | 1960–1968, 1976, 1984–1988 | 6 | 0 | 2 |
| C. Hanseo-Boilen (b. 1947), Canada | 6 | Horseback Riding | 1964–1976, 1984, 1992 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| J. Primrose (b. 1942), Canada | 6 | Shooting sport | 1968–1976, 1984–1992 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| I. Ptak (b. 1946), Czechoslovakia | 6 | rowing | 1968–1980, 1988–1992 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| J. Foster Sr. (b. 1938), Virgin Islands (USA) | 6 | Sailing, bobsleigh | 1972–1976, 1984–1992, 1988 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| L. Alvarez (b. 1947), Spain | 6 | Horseback Riding | 1972–1976, 1984–1996 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| E. Swinkels (b. 1949), Netherlands | 6 | Shooting sport | 1972–1976, 1984–1996 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| H. Simon (b. 1942), Austria | 6 | Horseback Riding | 1972–1976, 1984–1996 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| A. Bunturis (b. 1955), Greece | 6 | Sailing | 1976–1996 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| T. Sanderson (b. 1956), UK | 6 | Athletics | 1976–1996 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| K. Stückelberger (b. 1947), Switzerland | 6 | Horseback Riding | 1972–1976, 1984–1988, 1996–2000 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| N. Matova (b. 1954), Bulgaria | 6 | Shooting sport | 1976–1980, 1988–2000 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| J. Schumann (b. 1954), East Germany (3), Germany (3) | 6 | Sailing | 1976–1980, 1988–2000 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| F. Boccara (b. 1959), France (4) USA (2) | 6 | Kayaking | 1980–2000 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| A. Mazzoni (b. 1961), Italy | 6 | Fencing | 1980–2000 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| J. Chia (b. 1955), Peru | 6 | Shooting sport | 1980–2000 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| M. Estiarte (b. 1961), Spain | 6 | Water polo | 1980–2000 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| T. McHugh* (b. 1963), Ireland | 6 | Athletics, bobsleigh | 1988–2000; 1992, 1998 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| B. Fisher (b. 1962), East Germany (2), Germany (4) | 6 | Kayaking | 1980, 1988–2004 | 8 | 4 | 0 |
| S. Babiy (b. 1963), Romania | 6 | Shooting sport | 1984–2004 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| C. Bischel (b. 1959), Australia | 6 | Sailing | 1984–2004 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Wang Yifu (b. 1960), China | 6 | Shooting sport | 1984–2004 | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| R. Dover (b. 1956), USA | 6 | Horseback Riding | 1984–2004 | 0 | 0 | 4 |
| T. Grael (b. 1960), Brazil | 6 | Sailing | 1984–2004 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| A. Kasumi (b. 1966), Greece | 6 | Shooting sport | 1984–2004 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| E. Lipa (b. 1964), Romania | 6 | rowing | 1984–2004 | 5 | 2 | 1 |
| H. Stenvog (b. 1953), Norway | 6 | Shooting sport | 1984–2004 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| S. Nattrass (b. 1950), Canada | 6 | Shooting sport | 1976, 1988–1992, 2000–2008 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| K. Kirklund (b. 1951), Finland | 6 | Horseback Riding | 1980–1996, 2008 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| I. Di Buo (b. 1956), Italy | 6 | Archery | 1984–1992, 2000–2008 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| J. E. Kurushet (b. 1965), Argentina | 6 | Cycling | 1984–1988, 1996–2008 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| A. Benelli (b. 1960), Italy | 6 | Shooting sport | 1988–2008 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| F. Diato-Pasetti (b. 1965), Monaco | 6 | Shooting sport | 1988–2008 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| T. Kiryakov (b. 1963), Bulgaria | 6 | Shooting sport | 1988–2008 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| M. Mutola (b. 1972), Mozambique | 6 | Athletics | 1988–2008 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| J. N'Tyamba (b. 1968), Angola | 6 | Athletics | 1988–2008 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| J. Tomkins (b. 1965), Australia | 6 | rowing | 1988–2008 | 3 | 0 | 1 |
| Y. Hirvey (b. 1960), Finland | 6 | Shooting sport | 1988–2008 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| V. Chalupa, Jr. (b. 1967), Czechoslovakia (2), Czech Republic (4) | 6 | rowing | 1988–2008 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Y. Jaanson (b. 1965), USSR (1), Estonia (5) | 6 | rowing | 1988–2008 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| E. Nicholson (b. 1964), New Zealand | 6 | Horseback Riding | 1984, 1992–1996, 2004–2012 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| R. Mark (b. 1964), Australia | 6 | Shooting sport | 1988–2000, 2008–2012 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| S. Martynov (b. 1968), USSR (1), Belarus (5) | 6 | Shooting sport | 1988, 1996–2012 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| D. Buyukuncu (b. 1976), Türkiye | 6 | Swimming | 1992–2012 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| N. Valeeva (b. 1969), United team (1), Moldova (1), Italy (4) | 6 | Archery | 1992–2012 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Sh. Gilgertova (b. 1968), Czechoslovakia (1), Czech Republic (5) | 6 | Rowing slalom | 1992–2012 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| N. Grasu (b. 1971), Romania | 6 | Athletics | 1992–2012 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| M. Grozdeva (b. 1972), Bulgaria | 6 | Shooting sport | 1992–2012 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| M. Diamond (b. 1972), Australia | 6 | Shooting sport | 1992–2012 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| D. Munkhbayar (b. 1969), Mongolia (3) Germany (3) | 6 | Shooting sport | 1992–2012 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| F. Dumoulin (b. 1973), France | 6 | Shooting sport | 1992–2012 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Y. Yovchev (b. 1973) Bulgaria | 6 | Gymnastics | 1992–2012 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| F. Löf (b. 1969), Sweden | 6 | Sailing | 1992–2012 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| U. Oyama (b. 1969), Brazil | 6 | Table tennis | 1992–2012 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| R. Pessoa (b. 1972), Brazil | 6 | Horseback Riding | 1992–2012 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| A. Sensini (b. 1970), Italy | 6 | Sailing | 1992–2012 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| D. Topic (b. 1971), Independent Olympic Athletes (1), Yugoslavia (2), Serbia and Montenegro (1) Serbia (2) | 6 | Athletics | 1992–2012 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| E. Williamson (b. 1971), UK | 6 | Archery | 1992–2012 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| L. Frölander (b. 1974), Sweden | 6 | Swimming | 1992–2012 | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| E. Estes (b. 1975), United team (1) Russia (5) | 6 | Volleyball | 1992–2012 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| J. Whitaker (b. 1955), UK | 6 | Horseback Riding | 1984, 1992–2000, 2008, 2016 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| C. Donkers (b. 1971), Belgium | 6 | Horseback Riding | 1992, 2000–2016 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| T. Alshammar (b. 1977), Sweden | 6 | Swimming | 1996–2016 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| A. Gadorfalvi (b. 1976), Hungary | 6 | Sailing | 1996–2016 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| L. Evglevskaya (b. 1963), Belarus (2) Australia (4) | 6 | Shooting sport | 1996–2016 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| E. Milev (b. 1968), Bulgaria (4) USA (2) | 6 | Shooting sport | 1996–2016 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| A. Mohamed (b. 1976), Hungary | 6 | Fencing | 1996–2016 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| D. Nestor (b. 1972), Canada | 6 | Tennis | 1996–2016 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| C. Road (b. 1979), USA | 6 | Shooting sport | 1996–2016 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| V. Samsonov (b. 1976), Belarus | 6 | Table tennis | 1996–2016 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| S. Yu. Tetyukhin (b. 1975), Russia | 6 | Volleyball | 1996–2016 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| O. Tufte (b. 1976), Norway | 6 | rowing | 1996–2016 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Formiga (b. 1978), Brazil | 6 | Football | 1996–2016 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| R. Scheidt (b. 1973), Brazil | 6 | Sailing | 1996–2016 | 2 | 2 | 1 |
*The athlete also competed at the Olympic Winter Games.
In Paris, in the Great Hall of the Sorbonne, a commission has gathered to revive the Olympic Games. Baron Pierre de Coubertin became its general secretary. Then the International Olympic Committee- The IOC, which includes the most authoritative and independent citizens of different countries.
The first Olympic Games of modern times were originally planned to be held at the same stadium in Olympia, where the Olympic Games of Ancient Greece were held. However, this required too much restoration work, and the first revived Olympic competitions took place in Athens, the capital of Greece.
On April 6, 1896, at the restored ancient stadium in Athens, the Greek King George declared the first modern Olympic Games open. The opening ceremony was attended by 60 thousand spectators.
The date of the ceremony was not chosen by chance - on this day, Easter Monday coincided in three directions of Christianity at once - in Catholicism, Orthodoxy and Protestantism. This first opening ceremony of the Games laid two Olympic traditions– opening of the Games by the head of state where the competitions are held, and execution Olympic anthem. However, such indispensable attributes modern Games, as the parade of the participating countries, the ceremony of lighting the Olympic flame and the recitation of the Olympic oath, was not; they were introduced later. Did not have Olympic village, invited athletes provided themselves with housing.
241 athletes from 14 countries took part in the Games of the I Olympiad: Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Great Britain, Hungary (at the time of the Games, Hungary was part of Austria-Hungary, but Hungarian athletes competed separately), Germany, Greece, Denmark, Italy , USA, France, Chile, Switzerland, Sweden.
Russian athletes were quite actively preparing for the Olympics, but due to lack of funds Russian team was not directed to the Games.
As in ancient times, only men took part in the competitions of the first modern Olympiad.
The program of the first Games included nine sports - classical wrestling, cycling, gymnastics, Athletics, swimming, bullet shooting, tennis, weightlifting and fencing. 43 sets of awards were played.
According to ancient tradition, the Games began with athletics competitions.
Athletics competitions became the most massive - 63 athletes from 9 countries took part in 12 events. The largest number of species - 9 - was won by representatives of the United States.
First Olympic champion was the American athlete James Connolly, who won the triple jump with a score of 13 meters 71 centimeters.
Wrestling competitions were held without uniform approved rules for wrestling, there were also no weight categories. The style in which the athletes competed was close to today's Greco-Roman, but it was allowed to grab an opponent by the legs. Only one set of medals was played among five athletes, and only two of them competed exclusively in wrestling - the rest took part in competitions in other disciplines.
Since there were no artificial pools in Athens, swimming competitions were held in an open bay near the city of Piraeus; the start and finish were marked with ropes attached to the floats. The competition aroused great interest - by the beginning of the first swim, about 40 thousand spectators had gathered on the shore. About 25 swimmers from six countries took part, most of them are naval officers and sailors of the Greek merchant fleet.
The medals were played in four types, all heats were held in "freestyle" - it was allowed to swim in any way, changing it along the distance. At that time, the most popular swimming methods were breaststroke, overarm (an improved way of swimming on the side) and "trend-style". At the insistence of the organizers of the Games, the program also included applied view swimming - 100 meters in sailor's clothing. Only Greek sailors participated in it.
In cycling, six sets of medals were played - five on the track and one on the road. Track races were held at the Neo Faliron velodrome specially built for the Games.
In the competition for gymnastics eight sets of awards were played. Competitions were held outdoors, at the Marble Stadium.
In shooting, five sets of awards were played - two in rifle shooting and three in pistol shooting.
Tennis competitions were held on the courts of the Athens Tennis Club. Two tournaments were held - in singles and doubles. At the 1896 Games, there was not yet a requirement that all team members represent one country, and some couples were international.
Weightlifting competitions were held without division into weight categories and included two disciplines: squeezing the ball bar with two hands and lifting the dumbbell with one hand.
In fencing, three sets of awards were played. Fencing became the only sport where professionals were also admitted: separate competitions were held among "maestro" - fencing teachers ("maestro" were also admitted to the 1900 Games, after which this practice ceased).
The culmination of the Olympic Games was the marathon. Unlike all subsequent Olympic competitions in marathon running, the length of the marathon distance at the Games of the I Olympiad was 40 kilometers. classic length marathon distance- 42 kilometers 195 meters. The Greek postman Spyridon Louis finished first with a result of 2 hours 58 minutes 50 seconds, who became a national hero after this success. In addition to the Olympic awards, he received a gold cup, established by the French academician Michel Breal, who insisted on the inclusion of marathon running in the Games program, a barrel of wine, a voucher for free meals throughout the year, free tailoring of dresses and use of hairdresser services throughout life, 10 centners of chocolate, 10 cows and 30 sheep.
In time immemorial organized by Hercules in the 1210s. They were held once every five years, but then for unknown reasons this tradition was interrupted and was revived under King Ifit.
The first Olympic Games in Greece were not numbered, they were called solely by the name of the winner, and in the then only type of competition - running a certain distance.
Ancient authors, based on materials, began counting the competitions from 776 BC. e., it was from this year that the Olympic Games became known by the name of the athlete who won them. However, there is an opinion that they simply failed to establish the names of the earlier winners, and therefore the holding itself could not be considered a valid and reliable fact at that time.
The first Olympic Games were held in Olympia - a town located in southern Greece. Participants and tens of thousands of spectators from many cities of Hellas traveled to the place by sea or by land.
Runners, as well as wrestlers, throwers of discs or spears, jumpers, fisticuffs participated in competitions in agility and strength. The games were held in the hottest month of the summer, and at this time wars between the policies were forbidden.
Heralds throughout the year carried the news to the cities of all Greece about the announcement of the sacred world and that the roads leading to Olympia were safe.
All Greeks had the right to participate in the competition: the poor, and the noble, and the rich, and the humble. Only women were not allowed to attend them, even as spectators.
The first, as well as the subsequent ones, in Greece were dedicated to the great Zeus, it was an exclusively male holiday. According to legend, a very brave Greek woman in men's clothing secretly entered the city of Olympia to watch her son perform. And when he won, the mother, unable to restrain herself, rushed to him in delight. The unfortunate woman was supposed to be executed according to the law, but out of respect for her victorious offspring, they were pardoned.
Almost ten months before the start of the Olympic Games, everyone who was going to participate in them was required to start training in their cities. Day after day, for ten consecutive months, the athletes practiced continuously, and a month before the opening of the competition they arrived in southern Greece and there, not far from Olympia, continued their training.
Usually, most of the participants in the games were usually wealthy people, because the poor could not afford to train for a whole year and not work.
The first Olympic Games lasted only five days.
On the fifth day, a table made of ivory and gold was set up in front of the temple of the main god Zeus, and awards for the winners were placed on it - olive wreaths.
The winners approached one by one to the supreme judge, who placed these award wreaths on their heads. When publicly announced the name of the athlete and his city. At the same time, the audience exclaimed: “Glory to the winner!”.
The fame of the Olympic Games has survived many centuries. And today every inhabitant of the planet knows five rings, which mean the unity of the continents.
The first Olympic Games of modern times laid the foundation for the tradition of taking the oath. There is also another wonderful tradition: to light the Olympic flame in Greece, as in ancient times, and then carry it in a relay race through the countries in the hands of people devoted to sports, to the venue of the next Olympics.
And although as a result of a strong earthquake all Olympic buildings of antiquity were wiped off the face of the earth, however, in the 18th century, as a result of excavations in ancient Olympia, many attributes of the then games were found.
And already at the end of the 19th century, the permanent and first Baron de Coubertin, inspired by the works of the archaeologist Curtius, revived the games, and also wrote a code that defines the rules for their conduct - the “Olympic Charter”.
The first Olympic Games became a set sports in which men from different parts of Greece took part.
The first Olympic Games were held in ancient Greece in the famous city of Olympia, from where they got their name.
There are legends about the appearance of games that say that they were founded by God Zeus in honor of the victory over his father Kronos.
Some argue that the first Olympic Games were started by Hercules, the son of Zeus. It was believed that Hercules dedicated them to his friend who died in battle.
Where were the first Olympic Games held?
The first games were held in Olympia and gained their popularity during the reign of King Ifit in 776 BC.
In those distant times, the people of Greece were tormented and a constant warrior. Ifit did not like this very much and, in order to prevent all troubles, he went to Delphi to ask for help from the ancient Oracle.
The priestess-soothsayer Pythia retold the will of the Gods to Ifit, which said that in order to save the people and end all wars, the king needs to revive the existence of the Olympic Games.
Ifit did what the Gods wanted. At the time of the Olympic Games, the countries made peace and minted it on a bronze disc.
So Ifit succeeded in making Olympia the sacred city of the first Olympic Games.
How were the first Olympic Games
Unique sports competitions were at that time a symbol of a truce between.
The first Olympic Games were held in June in the valley of the Alpheus River, not far from Mount Kronos.
The duration of the first games was only one day, but later extended to 5 days.
On the first day, participants in the first Olympic Games took the oath in front of the statue of Zeus. They swore in a fair fight and observance of the rules of the Olympiad.
The competitions themselves took place from the second to the fourth days. Already on the 5th day of the last day, the winners of the first Olympic Games were awarded with olive wreaths, oil and branches.
In addition to wreaths and other awards, the winners became privileged and received leadership positions, some even.
A four-year period in the Greek calendar was named after the winner until the start of the next games.
Not everyone could become spectators, but only:
- men;
- unmarried women.
Married people were forbidden to enter the games, except for the goddess Demeter.
The first winner of the first Olympic Games was the baker Koreb in 776 BC. He was born in the city of Elis and became the winner in the 190 meters race.
In 394 AD, the emperor of the Roman Empire Theodosius was the first to impose a ban on holding, because he considered them paganism. Only after 15 centuries sports events resumed and continue to this day.
When and where did the Olympic Games appear? And who is the founder of the Olympic Games, you will learn from this article.
Brief History of the Olympic Games
The Olympic Games originated in Ancient Greece, because the athleticism inherent in the Greeks became the reason for the emergence of sports games. The founder of the Olympic Games is King Enomai, who organized sport games for those who wished to take his daughter Hippodamia as a wife. According to legend, he was predicted that his son-in-law would be the cause of death. Therefore, young people who won in certain competitions died. Only the cunning Pelops overtook Oenomaus in chariots. So much so that the king broke his neck and died. The prediction came true, and Pelops, becoming king, established every 4 years to organize the Olympic Games in Olympia.
It is believed that in Olympia, the place where the first Olympic Games were held, the first competitions took place in 776 BC. The name of that who was the first winner of the games in ancient Greece - Koreb from Elis, who won the race.
olympic games in ancient greece sports
For the first 13 games, the only sport in which the participants competed was running. Then there was the pentathlon. It included running, javelin throwing, long jump, discus throwing, wrestling. A little later, a chariot race and fisticuffs were added.
The modern program of the Olympic Games includes 7 winter and 28 summer species sports, that is, 15 and 41 disciplines, respectively. Everything depends on the season.
As soon as the Romans annexed Greece to Rome, the number of nationalities that could take part in the games increased. Gladiator fights have been added to the program of competitions. But in 394 AD, Emperor Theodosius I, an admirer of Christianity, canceled the Olympic Games, considering them entertainment for the pagans.
The Olympic Games have sunk into oblivion for as long as 15 centuries. The first who took a step towards the revival of forgotten competitions was the Benedictine monk Bernard de Montfaucon. He was interested in the history and culture of ancient Greece and insisted that excavations should be carried out in the place where the famous Olympia once stood.
In 1766, Richard Chandler found the ruins of unknown structures of antiquity near Mount Kronos. It was part of the temple wall. In 1824, Lord Stanhof, an archaeologist, began excavations on the banks of the Alpheus. In 1828, the baton of the excavations of Olympia was picked up by the French, and in 1875 by the Germans.
Pierre de Coubertin, the French statesman insisted that the Olympic Games should be restarted. And in 1896, the first revived Olympic Games were held in Athens, which are still popular today.
We hope that from this article you have learned where and when the Olympic Games originated.
