Development fine motor skills in children: myths and truth about finger games, how to do finger gymnastics and finger games with preschoolers, exercises for the development of fine motor skills, massage of hands and fingers for the little ones.

Games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills especially needed by today's children. After all, now kids, unfortunately, do not train the movements of their fingers a little: on clothes and shoes they have Velcro instead of buttons or laces (this is how it is more convenient and faster for us adults), buttons on games, few of the children embroider, sew or knit, cut or burns, helps mom sort out cereals, wipe dust, wash toys or wash doll accessories. This change in the life situation of the development of preschool children was also reflected in the development of fine motor skills of the hand, which had previously developed in everyday life, imperceptibly, without special training. Now the development of fine motor skills began to require special exercises and activities with kids.

It is believed that any exercise that develops fine motor skills develops speech and thinking. Does the child not speak or speak poorly? Assemble the puzzles, lace up, and the speech will appear! Do you want your baby to develop well? Develop your fingers, and the brain will develop much more efficiently. But this is not so, or not quite so. Let's try to understand and separate the truth from the myths. And also learn how to use fine motor skills exercises to really develop our little ones.

The development of fine motor skills in children: video

The development of fine motor skills, speech and thinking of the child.

It has become a classic statement that The development of the hand helps the development of the speech of the preschool child and develops thinking. And all educators and speech therapists know the words of M.M. Koltsov “There is every reason to consider the hand as an organ of speech - the same as the articulatory apparatus. From this point of view, the projection of the hand is another speech area of ​​the brain. This provision entered pedagogy in the 70s of the 20th century and was substantiated both by the results of the experiment with children and by the anatomy of the brain (Brock's motor speech center and the center that controls finger motor skills are located nearby).

But there have always been and still are families in which a lot of work is done with children on the development of fine motor skills, they buy special toys and aids (laces, sorters, beads), but the result is not encouraging, and for some reason there is no shift in the development of speech and thinking.

And there are other families where they didn’t specifically engage in the development of fine motor skills and are not doing it, the child simply sculpts, draws, plays, helps his mother around the house, and everything is fine with fine motor skills, and the baby is clearly very quick-witted and with well-developed thinking and speech.

So special games are not a panacea? Or - here a seditious thought appears - we do not conduct them this way? Is there something we don't know? Yes this is true!

After all, finger games and exercises are just a tool. And you still need to know how to use it! After all, we also learn to use other tools - we learn to play the violin, sew on a sewing machine or crochet. If we try to play the Paganini violin without training and without special knowledge, we will not get the desired result from this.

And the basis of my story is Scientific research child development. I strongly advise experts to get acquainted with them in the book "15 myths about children's speech." The authors of the book are Oleg Igorevich Efimov, a pediatric neurologist, and Viktoria Leonidovna Efimova, a candidate of pedagogical sciences, a speech therapist. The book was published by the Dilya publishing house this year.

And for non-specialists - interested parents and educators - I will give the most important recommendations in this article. And I will share what I know and use in my work with children.

First fact. So, where did it all start. In the 1970s, research into the development of infants was carried out. Children from the Orphanage were divided into three subgroups. One subgroup of children sat in the arena, the second could easily crawl around the group room. And the third subgroup collected pyramids, stringed beads and did other exercises to develop fine motor skills with the experimenter. And the children of the third subgroup significantly surpassed their peers in development, they had a sharp jump in the development of speech. It turns out that "engage in the development of fine motor skills - and everything will be fine"? But it's not.

Second fact. The author of the book V.L. Efimova conducted another experiment in an orphanage in 2001. And he gave a completely different result. It turned out that children in the orphanage already at the age of one and a half eat soup with a spoon, fasten the buttons on their clothes themselves, do a lot of work with them - they endlessly collect pyramids, liners, sort them. But at the same time… they don’t speak!!! What is the reason? Maybe that's not how we communicate with kids? Or do finger games really not affect the development of speech and thinking so much? Did the fact that they just started talking to these kids affected the result of the previous experiment? And all the other subgroups of children did not have such communication with an adult experimenter, and therefore lagged behind in development?

Third fact. It turns out that the answer to the question can be given not by pedagogy, but by physiology! Scientists prove that early age the primary center of speech in children is by no means Broca's center, but the anterior part of the cingulate gyrus, which means ... the development of the fingers does not directly affect the development of the child!?

What then influences? The limbic system is the center of a person's emotional life! So, does communication with an adult affect first of all? After all, we know how quickly kids grasp information in a state of joy and interest.

Modern biological studies make it possible to assume that Wernicke's and Broca's zones mature no earlier than the third or fourth year of a child's life (as we remember, it was the proximity of this very Broca's center to the motor control center that made it possible for scientists earlier to assume a great influence of finger games on the development of children's speech).

Scientific work in this direction is still underway, but what should we do at this time???

Fourth fact. The answer to all questions! And a key for educators and parents!

It turns out that it is not the fact of finger games and exercises that is important, but WHAT exercises and HOW are carried out with the baby. And therefore, either there will be a result of such games and exercises, or it will not be! And it depends on whether it is involved in finger exercises and in games for the development of fine motor skills, motor planning. What it is?

motor scheduling stands between an idea and action. There are automatic movements that do not require motor planning and are performed in a familiar way. And motor planning appears when a new task appears, when you need to use a new tool, when you need to do something unmastered, unusual in life.

Dear readers who attended our April "Educational Games Workshop" - remember the first webinar about the mechanisms of development of babies. And the concept of "zone of proximal development"? This is what we are talking about now. For those who were not at the webinar, by popular demand, I made a mailing list in which you can get a recording of it for free. To do this, you need to subscribe in the subscription form after the article.

It is known that in all children with developmental problems it is motor planning that is poorly developed. And this is precisely the root of all the troubles in many cases of developmental delay. But how can it be poorly developed if the baby has a lot of educational toys at home for the development of fine motor skills, there are pyramids, and laces, and beads for stringing? What is the answer?

As we already know motor planning appears in the case of new tasks, new unusual situations, new materials, new actions. The key word here is new, unusual! When a child already knows his only pyramid by heart, but collects it many times, even quickly collects it to the delight of all adults - this is not a new action! There is no motor planning here! When he plays the same lacing, this is also not motor planning, but almost a skill. After all, such a toy is no longer new to him, but is familiar! When he sees the same cards for many days, with which the adult performs the same actions, there is no motor planning here either! Namely, motor planning provides the developing effect of exercises!

So what is the conclusion. Where can we find our Key to Success?

1. It doesn't matter if it's done exercises for the development of fine motor skills, important what exercises we do with the child and How.
2. The main principle of conducting exercises and games for the development of fine motor skills is- if the baby has this movement quickly and easily, then we quickly do it, skip it and move on. But what if the exercise fails? Then we stop at it and work out this movement until the movements become easy, simple, fast, beautiful, clear. And we move on to the development of new movements.
3. It is necessary to do such complexes of exercises and games that are difficult for the child regularly until they are fully mastered, that is, every day (for 4-5 minutes).

Earlier in kindergartens there were special five-minute finger gymnastics before breakfast every day! It was when I started working, and I remember it very well. The kids did the same complex of finger gymnastics for at least one week, until they fully mastered it. Every day they got better and better. Now, for many years, there have been no such regular minutes in ordinary kindergartens, alas, or almost none. And finger gymnastics exists as a fragment of classes with children, and almost always exercises are given to children on different days of the week! And it happens that the exercises are too easy for children, which they already do so easily! But it is precisely in the regular gradual development of complex movements that the essence of such gymnastics lies.

The secret of successful fine motor skills training is already known. Now let's figure it out what is included in the development of fine motor skills and what exercises the child needs.

Why do you need to develop fine motor skills? What is the problem of modern society and why was it not specially developed before, and children had no problems? Why are long cartoons harmful? What is thread painting and how to do it with children? You will learn about this in the video of the first educational channel.

What includes the development of fine motor skills in children under three years of age:

1. Grasping movements:

• Capturing an object of various shapes with the whole palm with one hand or two hands (rattles, cubes, balls, etc.), for which it is necessary to take into account its shape, size, location, details.
• Grasping an object or substance with a pinch (three fingers)
• Capturing an object with two fingers - index and thumb (tweezer grip).

2. Development of correlative actions

The ability to combine two objects or two parts of one object (liners, sorters, pyramids, nesting dolls and other similar toys).

3. Development of finger movements - performing a variety of figures and finger movements(bunny, wolf, house, chair and others).

At first, these movements are clumsy, with errors, and over time they become more and more subtle and clear. It is also important to be able to imitate the movements that an adult shows.

These skills are developed not only in the process of special finger gymnastics, but also:

• while putting on your clothes with buttons, buttons, zippers,
• during labor assignments (from 3 years old - water, wipe dust, wipe the leaves of plants with a sponge, brush clothes and others),
• in visual activity - drawing, modeling, application, design,
• in games - dressing and undressing dolls in the game, using substitute items, making toys, attributes for your games, etc.

How to develop fine motor skills in children?

Development of fine motor skills: massage of hands and fingers for the smallest (up to a year).

Hand massage is done for the smallest children. He is uncomplicated. Here is the technique of such a massage, given by O. Prikhodko

• pat baby's arms to the elbow towards the center six to eight times, separately for each arm. You need to iron both the inner and outer surface of the handle.
• The fingers are dancing. Bend and unbend all the fingers of the handle at the same time except for the thumb (2-4 times on each handle).
• Exercise "Klub". Draw spiral movements finger on the baby’s open palm from its center to the base of the fingers (recall the well-known nursery rhyme about the “magpie-crow”). After that, without interruption, the movement switches to inside thumb. Draw such balls two to four times on each palm.
• Exercise "We walk top-top" - point pressing with the thumb and forefinger of an adult. We press on the middle of the phalanx of each finger from the tip to the base. We say: "top-top, that's how we walk." You need to press in two planes: between the fingers and from the back of the palm. So massage all fingers 1-2 times. At the same time, we say nursery rhymes, rhymes, we talk with the baby.
• Thumb exercise. Move your thumb to the side, and then return it to its place. You need to move your finger in three directions in turn: forward and backward, sideways - they returned to their original position, in a circle.
• Stroke with light strokes each hand of the baby towards the center five to six times.

Development of fine motor skills: games and exercises for young children (from one to three years old)

Adviсe:

• Games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills are difficult for toddlers and therefore should not be long.
• They should be carried out in the game so that the baby is interested (to go through the cereal for Cinderella, help the hedgehog hide under his needles from the fox and other game situations).
• If the movement fails, the fingers do not obey, then the game must be played repeatedly until the movement is easy, correct, and clear. In this case, you need to change the plot of the game, objects every time, bring in something new so that the child is passionate about the game and not tired of the monotony (first lay out a bridge for the dog out of small pebbles on plasticine. In next time lay out a path for the doll. For the third time, lay out a river for a fish, and so on).
• All games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills should always take place in the presence of an adult in order to ensure the safety of such games.
• Don't play games with buttons. They do not develop fine motor skills (no matter what their manufacturers say), but only distract the child.

List of exercises and games for the development of fine motor skills in children

1.Rubber pear(sold in a pharmacy). Choose a small pear. By pressing it, a stream of air is obtained, with which you can blow off a cotton wool or leaflet from the table. You can even play football, trying to drive the cotton wool into the goal with a jet of air. For children of the first year of life, a pear is not needed, this role is played by rubber toys - squeakers, playing with which the baby develops hand strength.
2.Kneading plasticine. Before sculpting a child of any age, be sure to let the plasticine knead. This is very useful exercise for the development of fine motor skills. In this regard, ordinary domestic plasticine is much more useful than soft imported one.
3. The game with raisins is always very joyful for both mother and child and useful for the whole family. Make dough, roll it out. Invite your child to decorate the dough with raisins. Show how to take the raisin correctly (“tweezer grip” with two fingers - thumb and forefinger). Show that the raisins should be laid out throughout the dough at a distance from each other. Then bake the resulting pie and eat it with the whole family! Joy is guaranteed!
4. Stringing rings on the pyramid rod (development of correlative hand movements). First, the baby learns to disassemble the pyramid toy (it's easier), and only then assemble it. Please note that even the smallest children easily remember the color sequence in the pyramid and collect it simply from memory, and not by comparing values. Therefore, if you want to teach them to compare the size of the rings and arrange them from largest to smallest in sequence, then you need a pyramid with rings of the same color!
5. Exercises with paper:

1) kneading - the development of hand strength (after that you get a “ball” that can be thrown into the basket from a distance),

2) tear (development of correlative movements) - we grab the sheet with the fingers of both hands and pull it in different sides. You get stripes. We put these strips in a box and make a “rain” by pouring our strips out of the box.

Important Tips:

- Offering the baby paper for this exercise, you should always show him where you can get the paper from. And they themselves should always take paper for this game only from this box. Otherwise, the baby will understand that you can tear everything that is around and tear books or something else you need. There is always a place for this exercise.

Don't let's tear up old books and magazines. Any game we bring up attitude to life. And this is an example of unacceptable handling of the book. In addition, printing ink is not at all useful for young children.

- You can give old rolls of wallpaper for this exercise.

3) make applications from paper balls (crumple the paper, tear it into strips, then tear the strips into squares, roll each square on the palm into a ball, a silhouette is laid out with balls - for example, a cat, a lamb, a cloud)

4) make applications from pieces of paper that the baby has picked. Draw a picture on a piece of paper. And stick pieces of paper on it according to the plot. White glued pieces can depict snow or clouds, blue ones - a river, yellow ones - autumn foliage of trees.

6. Pressing small objects into plasticine (beads, seeds, shells, small pebbles). So we can make pictures - mosaics on plasticine. And you can also help the hero of the game - for example, make a “blue river” (smear plasticine on a strip of cardboard) and build a bridge across the river (press pebbles into plasticine). And then toys will pass along this bridge and thank the baby for their help.

7. Sorting small items- it is very important that the baby does this either with a pinch (with three fingers), or with the “tweezer grip”, that is, he grabs it with two fingers - thumb and forefinger. In this case, the remaining fingers should be bent and not interfere. Show your child the correct way to do this exercise.

Mix two types of beads in one box (or peas and beans; or shells and pebbles, or buttons of different shapes and sizes) and ask you to help. You can sort by color (if you mixed beads of two colors), by shape, by size. First, the baby sorts two types of objects of a sufficiently large size. Then the task becomes more complicated - smaller items are taken and sorted already into 3-5 groups (for example, beans in one box, peas in another, beads in a third, pebbles in a fourth, shells in a fifth).

Sorting happens all the time in the game. For example, our chicken loves peas, and our cockerel loves beans. They need to divide their food into bowls.

Or one doll likes pasta and another likes beans. Give everyone what they love.

Sorting small items is very important in the third year of a child's life.

8. Oversleeping. Pour with a funnel, scoop, spoon various bulk substances from one dish to another. You can pour sand, cereals, peas, lentils). Use different dishes - you can pour into a glass, a vessel with a narrow neck using a funnel. You can pour sand into the box with your hands, hide and look for various small toys in the sand.

9. Use of cutlery- spoons forks. The ability to independently eat with a spoon, fork, drink from a cup is also a very important component of the development of the baby and the development of fine motor skills.

10. Unfolding a paper-wrapped object - a surprise - “What is there?” When the baby unfolds the paper and finds a gift, plays with it, wrap it again - hide it in another paper. And try to find again. Teach your baby to wrap - to hide an item from an older sister or brother, dad, grandmother. Let them rejoice when his surprise is unwrapped.

11. Filling the bottle with small items. IN plastic bottle you can omit beans, pebbles, balls.

To make this exercise effective, show your baby how to do it correctly:

- Grab small objects with either a pinch or two fingers (thumb and forefinger) - just show how you grab the object.

- Hold the bottle with one hand, and take one part at a time with the other hand. It is very important to ensure that the baby takes it correctly and one by one!

- At the end, close the bottle with a cap and rattle the resulting rattle.

12. Constructors. Different designers develop fine motor skills very well. It is important to have several designers at home (but always with a DIFFERENT principle of connecting parts). It is also very useful to make handicrafts, work with clay.

13. Winding. Winding a thick thread on a stick, on a spool, on a ball and unwinding. Winding a thick lace around your hand - your own or your mother's

14. Stringing beads with large holes on a string. I saw a very good idea for stringing in the kindergarten "Solnyshko" in Moscow. The teachers of this kindergarten collect old unnecessary felt-tip pens with a plastic case. This body is cut into pieces. It turns out multi-colored "tubes" that are strung on a cord.

You can also string spools of thread, rings for curtains, designer parts, beads made of clay or salt dough, rings from small pyramids.

15. Turn the pages of a book one at a time. This exercise is available to a child from a year old. For this, the pages of the first book must be thick, made of cardboard.

Show your child a book. And put a picture on the next page - a surprise. To find it, you need to turn the page. If it is difficult for the baby, then help him by slightly lifting the page.

16. Games - lacing(lace up an apple to the back of a hedgehog, clothing details and other plot laces). But these games quickly bore the baby. Therefore, it is better if you have a doll whose shoes or clothes are tied with a lace. Putting on and undressing this doll in the game will make it easy and fun for your little one to practice lacing.

17. Untie and tie knots, bows, braid, unbutton and fasten Velcro, buttons, buttons, hooks, zippers, take off and put on a hat, pull off socks, take off shoes.

Although most often in modern families the task of mastering the kids different types fasteners are solved with the help of a developing book or rug, but this is just the first stage. Then the kid trains to do it in life in everyday life.

The baby's clothes should have different fasteners - buttons of different shapes and sizes, buttons. It should be borne in mind that it is much easier to fasten the clasp on a rug or another person than on yourself.

The situation when a child has only velcro on clothes and shoes throughout the entire preschool age leads to the fact that even second-graders at the age of 8-9 are not able to dress themselves if the clothes have a different type of fastener, and they cannot even lace up the laces, changing into clothes. physical education! But the lack of independence of the child and dependence on an adult directly affects his further behavior and success in life.

Already at an early age, the baby can take off and put on a hat, stretch out your arms when putting on a sweater, put on and take off mittens and gloves, pull off your socks, take off your shoes, put your hands in the sleeves and legs in the pants, take off the unbuttoned pants, coat, jacket - and this is also a contribution to the development of fine motor skills baby, and a very big contribution.

18. Tops. First, the baby learns to launch the spinning top, and then the tops of large sizes. And after that, give the baby tops of a small size. Instead of a top, use any other items: pyramid rings, balls, plastic bowls, etc. It is also useful to wind clockwork toys with a key.

19. Open and close jars (unscrew and twist the lids) To make it more interesting, hide a surprise inside by wrapping it in paper. And at the same time, the baby will practice unfolding and folding paper. What is hidden in the jar?

20. Lay out figures from sticks, from different types of mosaics.

21. Rolling balls. Children roll small balls table (on the playing field, on which you can draw different paths - straight, curved, in a spiral). During the game, the ball should not slip out from under the palm of your hand. Tell your baby: “Naughty balls! So they try to run away. Don't let them go!" Balls can be rolled both with palms (in the first games) and with one finger (in subsequent games).

22. Rolling a pencil between the palms. First, try rolling the pencil across the table with your palm. Then show your child how to roll the pencil between the straightened palms in the hands (the pencil is in an upright position). At the end of the pencil, you can stick a picture that will “dance” - spin.

More about the development of fine motor skills of children on the website "Native Path":

We will talk about how to develop fine motor skills in children from 3 to 7 years old in the next article (for children from 3 to 7 years old). In it you will find finger games, Maria Montessori exercises for the development of fine motor skills for preschoolers, finger theater, games with clothespins, tests to determine the level of fine motor development and many other interesting ideas.

You will find the list of "20 most interesting and unusual objects for the development of fine motor skills of children"

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Psychologists and neurophysiologists have long proved the direct dependence of the development of speech on the degree of formation of fine movements of the fingers.

Manual dexterity training contributes to the development of such necessary skills and qualities as preparing a hand for writing, developing spatial thinking, the concept of relativity (more - less, shorter - longer, etc.), artistic perception, eye, teaching communication skills, attentiveness, perseverance and much more.

The main thing in classes of this kind is to accurately select the level of complexity of tasks for a specific age. Too simple, as well as too difficult tasks do not arouse interest in children. As the program material is mastered, the game can be made more difficult by increasing the number of items or speeding up the pace.

Many household chores are great exercises for the development of fine motor skills, for example:

Rewinding threads;
tying and untying knots;
caring for cut and fresh flowers;
metal cleaning;
pouring water, washing dishes, washing by hand;
collecting split pictures;
mixing dough with hands.

Psychologists say that a variety of objective activities also contribute to the development of fine motor skills:

- fastening and unbuttoning buttons (a special set for classes can be bought at the store);
- all kinds of lacing;
- stringing rings on a braid;
- sorting out cereals, grains (for example, separate beans from peas).

very many traditional games are an excellent simulator for the development of fingers constructors, crafts from plasticine, clay, drawing, cutting, sewing, playing with beads and others.

Here are a few fun games which work on the development of fine motor skills and are very pleasing to children and adults.

Small object games

"Who will remember?"

Equipment: a box with colored sticks of different sizes, samples drawn on the tables.
Content: an adult shows a sample to a child for 5-10 seconds. The child must carefully consider it and remember the order in which the sticks are placed. The adult removes the table, and the child independently lays out the drawing that he has just seen from the sticks.

Paper games.

Paperwork is very important for a child. You need to teach him to fold and unfold, roll, twist, flip, crumple. You can race around squares or circles, or draw the most intricate maze. Now on sale there are many different stencils of various geometric shapes, animals. The contours of the pattern can be laid out with beads or buttons.
Another game for the little ones: tear paper into the drawer together with the baby and hide a small toy. It will need to be found by touch.

Finger games.

By doing these exercises, the child achieves good development fine motor skills, prepares the hand for writing and drawing. Hands acquire good mobility, flexibility, stiffness of movements disappears.

"Scallop"

Lock your fingers in the lock. The ends of the fingers of the right hand press on upper part the back of the palm of the left hand, bending it so that the fingers of the left hand stand up like a cockscomb. Then the fingers of the left hand are pressed on the back of the right hand - and the fingers of the right hand turn into a cockscomb.

"The cat releases its claws"

Press the fingertips to the top of the palm. Then quickly straighten and spread your fingers.

"Fast Spin"

Interlock your fingers into the lock (only the thumbs are not interlocked). do with thumbs rotational movements around each other, faster and faster.

"Rings"

Put the tip of the little finger on the tip of the thumb - this is a small ring. Then a new ring: the tips of the ring finger and thumb touch; medium and large and, finally, index and large - this is a large ring.
Repeat everything on the other hand.

"Sun, fence, pebbles"

Raise your hands up, the fingers of both hands are straightened and widely separated - this is the "sun".

Then press your fingers tightly against each other and straighten - this is a "fence". Clench both hands into fists - these are “pebbles”.

At your command: “Sun”, “Fence”, “Pebbles” - the child shows with his fingers: “sun” with spread fingers, “fence” with straight fingers or “pebbles” - fists. First, this exercise is performed in slow pace, then faster and faster. To complete this task, the child must be extremely attentive.

As the child masters the exercises, introduce more complex elements: change the sequence, the speed of pronouncing command words.

Leaf in a box

It is useful for a child of preschool age to learn how to use a piece of paper in a box, because in the 1st grade in mathematics lessons he will have to work in a notebook. There it will be necessary not only to draw beautiful letters, write patterns, but also be able to work according to the model that the teacher will draw.

Task number 1. "Draw according to the model"

Very useful for preschool children - drawing by dots - children learn how to properly hold a pencil in their hands and guide it correctly by connecting the dots.

Task number 2. "Drawing by points"

The exercise includes 6 tasks, each of which is placed on a separate sheet of a special booklet given to the subject.
The samples in problems No. 1 and 5 are irregular triangles, in problem No. 2 - an irregular trapezoid, in problem No. 3 - a rhombus, in problem No. 4 - a square and in problem No. 6 - a four-beam star:

Task number 3. "Labyrinths"

We develop motor skills, attention and spatial representations.

Introduction

In Russia, it has long been customary to teach a child to play with his fingers from an early age. These were such games as “Ladushki”, “Forty-white-sided”, etc. After washing the baby’s hands, they wiped them with a towel, as if massaging each finger individually.

It has been proven that fine work with fingers contributes to the development of speech in children. Therefore, it is very important to develop fine motor skills in a child from a very early age. But just doing exercises will be boring for the baby - you need to turn them into interesting and useful games.

Recently, on the packaging of children's games you can see the inscription: "For the development of fine motor skills of hands." Many parents have heard about this concept, but not everyone knows how to develop fine motor skills and why it needs to be done.

Now it is already known that at the initial stage of life, it is fine motor skills that reflect how your baby develops, testifies to his intellectual abilities. From how deftly a child learns to control his fingers at a very early age, his further development depends.

Under the term fine motor skills refers to the coordinated movements of the small muscles of the fingers and hands. They are important not only for performing various daily activities, but also for stimulating the development of the child's brain.

Along with the development of fine motor skills, memory, attention, as well as lexicon your baby.

Periods of development of the child in preschool age

The famous Italian educator Maria Montessori identified three periods in the development of children:

Development of children's speech (from 0 to 6 years). At this time, two important events take place. From 1 year to 2.5 years, the child's vocabulary is rapidly expanding. At 4-4.5 years old, he masters writing (but only under the condition of developed fine motor skills);

Perception of small objects (from 1.5 to 5.5 years). At this age, the child likes to play with buttons, beads, sticks, etc. With the help of such objects, the motor skills of the child's hands can be developed. Just make sure that the baby does not take them in his mouth;

Formation of the simplest self-service skills (from 1 year to 4 years). At this age, the child is taught to independently dress, eat and perform hygiene procedures.

1. Exercises for the development of fine motor skills are carried out in a complex, starting from the first months of a child's life.

2. In the set of exercises, try to include tasks for squeezing, relaxing and stretching the baby's hands.

3. Start or end with a hand massage session.

4. Carry out fine motor development work regularly, according to age and level. physical development baby.

5. First, the adult performs all movements with the hands of the baby, and as he masters, the child begins to do them on his own.

6. Carefully monitor that the exercises are performed correctly by the child. If the baby finds it difficult to complete any task, immediately help him: fix the desired position of the fingers, etc.

7. Alternate new and old games and exercises. After your child has mastered simple motor skills, move on to mastering more complex ones.

8. Perform certain movements while listening to (and then pronouncing the child) a poem.

9. Encourage the child's creative activity, let him come up with some exercises.

10. Conduct classes emotionally, actively, praise the baby for success, but do not forget to monitor his mood and physical condition.

Exercises for the development of fine motor skills of hands for children from 0 to 2 years

1. "Forty-white-sided"

First, the adult runs his finger along the child’s palm and says: “Magpie cooks porridge.” Then the baby himself begins to drive his finger along the palm. We complicate the game: on the phrase “I gave this,” the adult alternately bends the child’s fingers to the palm, except for the little finger: “But I didn’t give it.” Slightly shaking it, we say with a playful reproach: “You didn’t carry water ...”, etc.

white-sided magpie
cooked porridge,
She fed the kids.
I gave this
I gave this
I gave this
I gave this
But she didn't give it:
"You didn't carry water,
Didn't cut wood
Didn't cook porridge
You have nothing."

2. "Pancakes"

Take the baby's hands in your hands and clap your hands. Show your child the movements and ask them to repeat them.

Sweets, sweets,
Sound crackers.
Clapped their hands
They clapped a little.

3. "Okay"

Read the nursery rhyme and at the same time accompany the words with gestures

Sweeties, sweeties!

(Show the baby your palms.)

Where were you?
By Grandma.
What did they eat?
Porridge.
What did they drink?
Brazhka.

(Clap your hands.)

Butter bowl,
Brazhka sweetie,
Grandma is good.
Drink, eat!
Shu - fly!
They sat on the head.

(Raise your hands up, turning your palms to the right and left, then lower them "house" on your head.)

4. "House"

This is a house.

(Put both palms together.)

This is the roof.

(Join your palms and interlace your fingers.)

And the pipe is even higher.

(Raise all fingers up without disengaging them.)

5. "Hide and Seek"

Fingers play hide-and-seek,
Open-va-yut-sya,

(Raising your palm, spread all your fingers.)

Close-va-yut-sya.

(Put your fingers together and make a fist.)

6. Bunnies

Place all fingers of one hand on the table.

The bunnies went out into the meadow,
We got into a small circle.
One bunny, two bunnies, three bunnies,
Four bunnies, five...

(Count the bunny.)

Let's kick our toes.

(Tap all fingers on the table together or apart.)

They knocked, they knocked
And tired.
Sat down to rest.

(Bend your fingers into a fist.)

7. "Hello, finger"

Alternately touch the index, middle, ring fingers and little finger to the thumb.

Hello dear finger
Here we met with you.

8. "Strong fingers"

Bend your fingers and invite your baby to do the same. Then take it by the fingers and pull them each in your direction.

Massage of the palms and fingers for children from 0 to 2 years

Finger massage is very useful to a small child. Fingers are closely connected with the brain and internal organs: little finger - with the heart, ring finger - with the liver, middle - with the intestines and spine, index - with the stomach, large - with the brain.

1. Take the baby's palm and carefully massage each finger, starting with the little finger. Perform massage movements from the nail phalanx to the palm, paying attention to each joint.

2. Massage the baby's fingertips, making light pressure on them.

3. Massage the baby's palms with circular movements of the index finger.

4. Take the child's hand in your hand and lightly press the thumb to make circular motions in the center of the palm.

5. Massage your fingers with the circular spiral massager. Put the massager on the baby's finger and massage the fingers up and down in the same sequence (starting with the little finger).

6. Take two massage brushes and run them over the palms of the child. His hands are on his knees, palms up.

Exercises for the development of fine motor skills of hands for children from 2 years

1. "Fisherman"

Pour water into a bowl and throw a few small items there: pieces of cork, twigs, large beads, etc. Invite the baby to use a small sieve tied to a stick to catch all these items in turn and put them on a plate standing on a tray on the right from a bowl. The "fishing rod" the baby should hold with one hand.

2. "Track"

Make a path on the table 3-5 cm wide, bounded on both sides by strips of paper. Invite the baby to sprinkle it with semolina or millet. Groats should be taken with three fingers and try not to spill over the edges of the track.

3. "Magic spoon"

Put two cups on the tray: on the left - a cup with cereals, and on the right - an empty one. By moving the child's hand, show him how to take the cereal with a spoon. Gently bring the spoon to the empty cup and tilt it over it. Task: pour all the cereal from the left cup into the right one.

4. "Sweet tea"

Your baby can already put sugar in his tea on his own. Now teach him to stir the sugar in the mug.

5. Salute

The child takes small pieces of colored paper and tries to tear them as small as possible. He puts the torn pieces on a saucer. Then you need to take all the pieces in the palm of your hand and throw them up.

6. "Make a ball"

Give the child a sheet of paper. His task: to crumple the sheet so that a tight lump is obtained.

7. "Spyglass"

The child takes a sheet of A4 paper and folds it with both hands into a tube, after which he brings the tube to the eye and examines the surrounding objects into it.

8. "Collect sticks"

Scatter the counting sticks in front of the child. The kid must collect them all one by one back into the box.

Massage of the palms and fingers with a prickly massage ball

1. The ball is between the palms of the child, the fingers are pressed to each other. Make massage movements by rolling the ball back and forth.

2. The ball is between the palms of the child, the fingers are pressed to each other. Make circular motions by rolling the ball over your palms.

3. Holding the ball with your fingertips, rotate forward (as if you were screwing on a lid).

4. Holding the ball with your fingertips, press them firmly on the ball (4-6 times).

5. Holding the ball with your fingertips, rotate back (as if opening a lid).

6. Throw the ball with both hands to a height of 20-30 cm and catch it.

7. Hold the ball between the palms, the fingers are clasped in a “lock”, the elbows are directed to the sides. Press your palms on the ball (4-6 times).

8. Shift the ball from one hand to the other, gradually increasing the pace.

Exercises for the development of fine motor skills of hands for children 3 years old

1. "Labyrinth"

Draw a maze on a piece of paper. Let the baby pass over it with a pencil or just a finger. To make it more interesting for the child to complete the task, you can come up with a little fairy tale: tell where this labyrinth leads, to whom, who should go through it.

2. "Beads"

It develops the baby’s hand well by stringing buttons, beads, pasta, dryers, etc. on a fishing line or thread. Start with items that have a wider hole - so at first it will be easier for the baby to master this task.

3. "Walk the path"

Draw a simple path on a sheet in a large cell. Ask your child to circle it with a finger, a colored pencil. If the child copes with this task, draw a more difficult path.

4. "Figures"

From the age of 3, children can already be taught to cut geometric shapes with scissors and stick them on a piece of paper. It is important that the scissors have rounded ends, that is, they are safe.

5. "Surprise"

Wrap the badge in 4-5 candy wrappers. Ask your child to unfold all the candy wrappers and fold them neatly.

6. "Pegs on a basket"

Place a basket of clothespins on the table. Take the clothespin with three fingers and attach it to the edge of the basket. Have your child do the same. After the baby has mastered this, invite him to attach all the clothespins.

7. "Colorful clothespins"

On the table is a basket with colorful clothespins. Ask the child to attach a white, red, blue, green ... color clothespin to the edge of the basket with three fingers.

8. "Treat"

Invite your child to mold treats for toys from plasticine (drying, bagels, gingerbread, cookies, sweets) and decorate them with cereals, beads, etc. Cut out plates from thick cardboard and ask the child to arrange the prepared treats beautifully on them.

finger games

A very important part of the development of fine motor skills are finger games that activate the child's brain, contribute to the development of speech and help prepare the hand for writing.

During these games, children develop dexterity, the ability to control their actions and concentrate on one type of activity.

By the age of 5, children are already learning to perform tasks that require sufficient accuracy and coordination of hand movements.

All the exercises suggested here should be performed at a slow pace, 3 to 5 times, first with one and then with the other hand. Make sure they are done correctly. Do the exercises for a few minutes, 2-3 times a day.

1. "Kitten"

Squeeze and unclench the fingers of both hands.

You, kitten, are not food!
You better look for your mom.

2. "Squirrel"

Unbend all fingers one by one, starting with the thumb. Do the exercise first right hand, and then left.

A squirrel sits on a cart
She sells nuts
fox-sister,
Sparrow, titmouse,
Bear fat-fifth,
Mustachioed hare.

3. "Tsap-scratch"

The child puts his hand on top of yours. You read a poem, and the baby listens attentively to you. At the words “tac-scratch”, he must pull back the handle so that his fingers do not fall into your “trap”. Then the other hand comes into play. After a while, you can switch roles.

On the palm, on the path
Little cat walks
In small paws
Hid the scratches.
If you suddenly want -
Sharpens claws.
Tsap-scratch!

4. "Funny fingers"

Clench your fingers into a fist. Unbend them one by one, starting with the big one. Then turn the brush to the right and left 5 times.

Thumb - danced
Index - jumped,
Middle finger - squatted
Nameless - everything was spinning,
And the little finger was having fun.

5. "Fan"

Keep your palms in front of you, fingers pressed ("fan closed"). Spread widely, and then press your fingers together (“open and close the fan”). Wave your brushes towards you and away from you (“we fan ourselves”) 6-8 times.

6. "Peacock"

Attach all fingers of the left hand to the thumb. Place the palm of your right hand with open fingers on the back of your left hand ("peacock's tail"). Connect and spread your fingers ("peacock opens and closes the tail").

At the cheerful peacock
Fruit basket full.
A peacock is waiting for friends to visit,
For now, there is only one peacock.

7. "Butterfly"

Clench your fingers into a fist. Alternately straighten the little finger, ring and middle fingers, and connect the thumb and forefinger into a ring. With straightened fingers, make quick movements (“the butterfly flaps its wings”) - first with one, then with the other hand.

8. “Stand up for exercises!«

Bend your fingers to the palm one by one, starting with the little finger. Then with your thumb touch all the others, as if raising them to charge. After that, do exercises - squeeze and unclench the fist 5 times.

Fifth finger - fast asleep.
The fourth finger was just dozing.
The third finger fell asleep.
The second finger was yawning.
The first finger stood up cheerfully,
Picked up everyone.

Exercises for the development of fine motor skills of hands for children 3-4 years old

1. "Cones on a plate"

Invite your child to roll pine, spruce, and cedar cones on a plate. First let him roll one bump, then two, three, etc.

2. Circle the object

You can circle everything that comes to hand: the bottom of a glass, an inverted saucer, your own palm, a spoon, etc.

3. "Magic pattern"

Poke holes in thick cardboard with an awl or nail - they should be arranged in a certain order and represent a geometric figure, pattern or pattern. Let the kid independently embroider a pattern with a thick needle with a bright thread.

4. "Sew on a button"

Show your child how to sew on a button. After that, let the baby do the same under your supervision.

5. "Colorful snowflakes"

Show your child how to make paper snowflakes. Once your child is able to cut out the snowflake, ask him to color it. Let the child cut out a few more snowflakes and color them as well.

6. "Lace up your shoe"

Show your child how to lace up a boot in different ways. First, lace up the boot with it. Once your toddler has mastered the lacing technique, ask him to lace up the boot himself.

7. "Magic pipette"

Invite your child to play wizard. On a piece of paper, paint a few multi-colored spots with paints. Show your child how to use the dropper to drop only one drop. After that, let him drop a drop of water on each colored spot. Then watch with your child how the spot will grow and turn into a pattern.

8. "Little Apothecary"

Tell your child about the work of a pharmacist. Then show him how to use tweezers to lay out and shift the beads from place to place. The game can use beads different sizes.

Massage of palms and fingers with natural materials

For children 4 years old, you can offer a massage using pine, spruce, cedar cones, walnuts, hazelnuts.

1. "Twist the bump"

Take a pinecone and put it between your baby's palms. Ask the child to spin the bump (like a wheel) in different directions for about 2-3 minutes.

2. "Roll the bump"

First, the exercise is performed with one spruce cone, then with two. Rotate the bumps between your palms for 1-3 minutes.

3. "Catch a bump"

Take any bump. Ask the child to throw it up with both hands, and then catch it with both hands as well. After the baby has mastered this exercise, you can complicate it: toss and catch the bump with one hand; throw a bump with your right hand, and catch it with your left - and vice versa. The duration of the exercise is 2 minutes.

4. "Walnut"

Roll the nut on the palm of your right hand, then on the back of your left hand. The duration of the exercise is approximately 3 minutes.

5. "Sprinkle nuts"

Pour a handful of hazelnuts from one hand to the other. The duration of the exercise is 1-2 minutes.

6. "Nuts on a tray"

Place a handful of hazelnuts on a tray. Roll the nuts with the palms of your hands and the backs of your hands. The duration of the exercise is 1-2 minutes.

7. "Grains"

Here you can use a variety of cereals: buckwheat, rice, millet, etc. And the exercises can also be very different: squeeze the grains in a fist, pour them from one hand to another, mix in a deep bowl, etc. The duration of each exercise is 3 minutes.

8. "Affectionate feather"

Draw the pen across the surface of the palms and the back of the child's hands. The duration of the exercise is 3 minutes.

Working with plasticine

Here you will need several copies of the figures in this section. This will allow your baby to acquire the skill of accurately working with plasticine. You can arrange an exhibition of his best works.

You will need plasticine of different colors.

1. "Snowman"

Invite your child to decorate the snowman with plasticine. Let the kid work hard and smear the plasticine with his fingers, without going beyond the boundaries of the outline of the picture.

If you are attentive parents who are concentrating on scanning the information space for effective methodology teaching a preschooler, then, without a doubt, they have already heard about the need to develop fine motor skills in crumbs. However, even those who do not really delve into “children's topics” have heard about fine motor skills today.

Development of fine motor skills: justified necessity or fashion trend?

Recall that thanks to the active training of the small muscles of the fingers and hands, the following develop:

• articulation apparatus and sound recognition system;
• attention and memory;
• intelligence;
• imagination.

For the development of fine motor skills, a lot of ready-made games and toys are offered. One might get the impression that an entire industry is devoted to this direction of raising children in the first years of life.

But after all, our mothers and fathers, like their mothers and fathers, and entire generations of mothers and fathers before them somehow raised their offspring without laces, business boards, sorters and other insert frames. Ordinary cubes with a pyramid were enough, and the lucky ones had an unpretentious mosaic at home. So, maybe all these tricks and wisdom are useless for our children? We authoritatively declare: “Why!”

We, and even more so generations before us, were raised in completely different conditions:

• We had shoes with laces, which we famously coped with already in junior group kindergarten. Today, even 8-10-year-olds experience problems with elementary shoelaces.
• Our parents and grandparents did not have computers and smartphones. Even TVs literally 25-30 years ago were not in every family. The family spent their leisure time doing needlework: mothers knitted and embroidered, fathers planed and soldered. Well, of course, we adopted their passion and also tried to create something with our own hands.
• Our parents did not have so many electronic assistants - multicookers, food processors, robotic vacuum cleaners, automatic washing machines and other delights of modern civilization. They (the generations of parents that preceded us) were forced to work diligently around the house, and we were forced to help them no less diligently: sorting out cereals, digging up beds, sweeping, etc.

Now children are kept away from housework as long as possible. Their clothes have Velcro and zippers. They have fun watching cartoons or playing computer games. Where is the finger work? In the natural environment of a modern child, there is practically no place for it. Therefore, it is important to consciously introduce crumbs of exercises for the development of fine motor skills into the daily routine. What exercises are suitable for this purpose? Eureka knows!

Simple and effective exercises for the development of fine motor skills

Exercise 1: Hand Massage

Already a newborn baby can and should knead their hands. Crumple and stroke your palms, gently pinch the skin, sip the knuckles and make rotational movements with them. All manipulations should be easy, without undue zeal. You can say jokes. The most popular, of course, is the “magpie-crow”. But she is far from the only one. You can come up with simple rhymes yourself or use ready-made ones. For example:

1. Let's stroke the hand,

Rub your finger with your finger,

Let's get some rest,

And then we'll start again.

2. Thumb boy, where have you been?

With this brother I went to the forest,

I cooked cabbage soup with this brother,

I ate porridge with this brother,

I sang songs with this brother.

Exercise 2: Finger Gymnastics

The purpose of the lesson is to train the fingers, develop the hands, learn to coordinate actions. Exercise can be anything. The very first and simplest, already available to babies 5-6 months old, are “patties”. When saying a funny rhyme, play along with the baby: the fingers are as straight as possible, pressed against each other. Palms beat each other in time with the words of the nursery rhyme:

Sweeties!

Where were you? By Grandma!

What did they eat? porridge,

What did they drink? Brazhka!

almonds, almonds,

We're going to grandma's again!

Let the baby tap his fists on different surfaces, bend and unbend his fingers, spread them and stretch his palms up, “run” his fingers on the table, make circular movements with his hands.

Closer to three years, you can give your child a finger theater, which will give such gymnastics a new meaning.

Exercise 3: Paper Handling

Folding paper figures without scissors and glue (origami), as well as creating pictures with glue and cut-out paper elements (applications) is a great way to develop fine motor skills at any age from three years and older. In early childhood, the skills necessary for these creative activities are still lacking. Therefore, you can offer the baby to simply tear the paper.

Tearing can be done as early as 7-8 months. The main thing is to explain that you can tear only those pieces of paper that parents give.

To make this lesson meaningful, you can create some crafts from scraps yourself:

• a simple postcard
• Christmas tree toy;
• panel.

With an older child - from a year or more - you can still turn over the paper. Children's books or glossy magazines are well suited for this. Make sure that the baby gently grabs the pages with his fingers, turning them over one by one. This seemingly very simple exercise causes a lot of difficulties for kids.

Exercise 4: "Cinderella"

Remember, in the fairy tale "Cinderella" the evil stepmother forced the main character to sort out lentils and peas (depending on the version of the fairy tale, translation and film adaptation, cereals may vary, but this is not about that now). Of course you love your child. And, unlike the malicious new wife of Cinderella's dad, it is out of love that you offer the crumbs to repeat the feat of a forced hardworking girl.

You can sort through different items:

• multi-colored beads: red - to the left, blue - to the right;
• buttons of different sizes: large - in a jar, small - in a box;
• clothespins of various textures: wooden - on the table, plastic - under the table ...

Get creative and enjoy being creative with early development.

Exercise 5: Hide and Seek

Play hide and seek with your child. Only you and not the child will hide. You need to hide any small object - a pea, a bead, a small ball, etc.

For this game exercise prepare several jars with screw caps. Jars can be of different sizes, different colors, from different materials. The kid needs to carefully take a pea (or an alternative object) with his fingers, place it in a jar and close the jar with a lid. Believe me, a child aged 10 months and older can be captivated by such an activity for a very long time.

At first, the handles will be naughty: the pea every now and then strives to jump out and roll away, and the harmful lids just don’t want to screw on. But be patient and encourage your little one to try again and again.

• Let him hide small sweets from Varya's doll - if Varenka finds a candy, he will eat it, and her teeth will ache. We must save Varya, hide the candy.
• You can hide a seed from Mr. Rain (draw a thundercloud and rain on a white sheet). If Mr. Rain finds a seed, he will wet it, and the seed will not be able to grow.
• Rich man Orange is looking for little Bean to make her work as a laborer, and we will save Bean. Hide it in the house and close the house with a lid.

Come up with interesting stories with your child's favorite toys and familiar fairy-tale characters. So the exercise will become more exciting, which means that its effectiveness will increase significantly.

1. Exercises for the development of fine motor skills should be organically woven into the fabric of every day of a child's life. To a newborn, you yourself knead the arms and legs. As the child grows older, he is increasingly working on small muscles on his own.
2. You may not use all of the suggested exercises. You can change the conditions of games for the development of fine motor skills. You can do several exercises daily or devote the entire time of the session to only one exercise. The main thing is that the fingers and hands of the child work, train, and the baby himself at the same time perceives what is happening as an interesting game.
3. Combine different directions early development. Working on fine motor skills, you train memory and attention: the baby needs to repeat movements after you, fold papers according to the model, or remember the fairy tale whose characters you used to play for the development of fine motor skills.
4. During massage and gymnastics, be sure to talk to the baby, even if the baby is only a few days old. It is very important that right speech surrounds a small person from birth. Speak in a soft, affectionate, emotional voice, but do not distort the words, do not imitate a non-existent "children's language." During the massage, smile at the child and “make faces”, sing and tell rhymes. The more actively you interact with the silly baby, the sooner you will notice how smart and quick-witted he really is.

Happy parenting, friends!

EXERCISES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FINE MOTOR HANDS

Systematic exercises to train the movements of the fingers have a stimulating effect on the development of speech. This has been proven by a number of researchers (M.I. Koltsova, E.I. Isenina, A.V. Antakova-Fomina, and others). It is desirable to carry out work on the development of fine motor skills of the hands systematically, devoting 5-10 minutes to it daily. For this purpose, various games and exercises can be used.

To form subtle movements of the fingers, finger games can be used, accompanied by the reading of folk poems.

"Squirrel is sitting..."

A squirrel sits on a cart

She sells nuts

fox-sister,

Sparrow, titmouse,

Bear fat-fifth,

Mustachioed hare.

An adult and a child, with the help of the left hand, bend the fingers of the right hand in turn, starting with the thumb.

"Friendship"

Girls and boys are friends in our group

(fingers are connected in a "lock").

We will make friends with you little fingers

(rhythmic touch of the fingers of the same name on both hands).

One two three four five

(alternately touching the fingers of the same name, starting with the little fingers),

One two three four five.

(arms down, shake hands).

"House and Gates"

In the meadow stands a house ("house"),

Well, the way to the house is closed ("gate").

We open the gate (palms turn parallel each other),

We invite you to this house ("house").

Along with such games, a variety of exercises without speech accompaniment can be used:

"Ring"

The tip of the thumb of the right hand alternately touches the tips of the index, middle, ring fingers and little finger;

Perform the same exercise with the fingers of the left hand;

Perform the same movements simultaneously with the fingers of the right and left hands;

"Fingers Say Hello"

Connect the fingers of both hands with a "house". The fingertips take turns clapping each other, greet the thumb with the thumb, then the index with the index, etc.

"Wasp"

Straighten the index finger of the right hand and rotate it;

The same with the left hand;

The same with two hands;

"Man"

Index and middle fingers "run" on the table;

Perform the same movements with the fingers of the left hand;

The same movements should be made simultaneously with the fingers of both hands ("children run a race");

"Goat"

Extend the index finger and little finger of the right hand;

"Glasses"

Form two circles from the thumb and forefinger of both hands, connect them;

"Bunny"

Stretch up the index and middle fingers of the right hand, and connect the tips of the ring finger and little finger with the tip of the thumb;

Perform the same exercise with the fingers of the left hand;

Perform the same exercise simultaneously with the fingers of both hands;

"Trees"

Raise both hands with palms facing you, spread your fingers wide;

"The Birds Are Flying"

With the fingers of both hands, raised to themselves with the back side, make movements up and down;

"flexion-extension of fingers"

Alternately bend the fingers of the right hand, starting with the thumb;

Perform the same exercise, only bend your fingers, starting with the little finger;

Bend the fingers of the right hand into a fist, straighten them one by one, starting with the thumb;

Perform the same exercise, only straighten your fingers, starting with the little finger;

Perform the previous two exercises with the fingers of the left hand;

"Keg of Water"

Bend the fingers of the left hand into a fist, leaving a hole on top;

"A bowl"

The fingers of both hands are slightly bent and attached to each other;

"Roof"

Connect at an angle the tips of the fingers of the right and left hands;

"Shop"

Hands in the same position as in the previous exercise, only place the index fingers in horizontal position in front of the roof

"Flower"

Hands in a vertical position, press the palms of both hands to each other, then slightly push them apart, rounding the fingers;

"Plant Roots"

Press your hands back to each other, lower your fingers down;

At the same time, turn your hands upside down with your palms - the back side, accompanying the movements with a poetic text: "Grandma bakes pancakes, they are very tasty";

At the same time, clench your hands into a fist - unclench, put your fists and palms on the table with each movement;

Put your hands on the table: one hand is clenched into a fist, the other is open. Change positions at the same time.

"Fist-rib-palm"

On the plane of the table, three positions of the hand successively replace each other. It is performed 8-10 times with the right hand, then with the left, then with both hands.

The games and exercises described above provide good workout fingers, contribute to the development of isolated movements, the development of accuracy of finger movements.

The development of manual motor skills is also facilitated by:

Classes with plasticine, clay, salt dough, small building material, constructor;

Beading, beading;

Laying out drawings, letters from matches, folding wells;

Fold the buttons into the box at the same time with the left and right hands;

Stencil drawing letters, geometric shapes, hatching;

Drawing by dots, dotted lines;

Hand massage.

It is carried out first on one hand, then on the other.

1. Stroking from the fingertips to the middle of the hand from the outside and back

2. Finger kneading: intense circular movements around each finger

3. Exercise "Magpie-white-sided"

4. Intensive movements of the thumb back and forth, up and down, in a circle

5. Flexion-extension of all fingers at the same time

6. Flexion-extension of the arm in the wrist joint

7. Intense rubbing of each finger

8. Acupressure of each finger between the phalanges from the lateral and front-back sides

9. "Fingers go to bed": alternately bending the fingers, then straightening them simultaneously, accompanied by a poem:

This finger wants to sleep

This finger jumped into bed

This finger curled up

This finger is already asleep.

Hush, finger, do not make noise,

Don't wake up your brothers.

Fingers up, cheers!

IN kindergarten it's time to go.

10. "Fingers say hello"

11. Repeat the first exercise.

We develop fingers - we develop speech

Sent by Livshits Galina Yakovlevna, teacher-speech therapist, Moscow

Speech is a type of activity that requires the formation of auditory and visual functions, as well as motor skills. For the correct pronunciation of a sound, the child needs to reproduce the articulatory structure, consisting of a complex set of movements.

N.M. Sechenov wrote that “every feeling is by nature mixed. Muscular sensations are necessarily mixed with it, which are stronger than others.

The relationship between the development of speech and the formation of not only articulatory, but also general, AND FINE MOTOR SKILLS IS STRESSED BY MANY SPECIALISTS. Development locomotive apparatus is a factor stimulating the development of speech, and it plays a leading role in the formation of neuropsychic processes in children.

Based on numerous observations and studies, a regularity was revealed: if the development of finger movements corresponds to age, then speech development is within the normal range. If the development of motor skills of the fingers lags behind, then speech development is also delayed, although general motor skills may be normal. This relationship is observed to a greater extent in preschool age and weakens as the cerebral cortex develops.

Therefore, for the full and dynamic speech development of the child, it is recommended to stimulate him by training the movements of the fingers. The role of such trainings is especially great for children with speech disorders. Most of them have pronounced deviations in the formation of fine movements of the fingers - the movements are not accurate, not coordinated.

One of the most popular types works on the development of fine motor skills of the fingers are speech games with fingers. Finger gymnastics creates a favorable background, contributes to the development of the ability to listen and understand the content of nursery rhymes, to catch the rhythm of speech, and increases the speech activity of children.

Here are some examples of finger speech games that can be taught to children at home.

"Fingers say hello"

Four brothers are coming

Towards the elder (Fingers connect rhythmically),

Hello big! (with a big, pinch)

Hello, Vaska is a pointer! (large connects to index)

Hello, Mishka is the middle! (large connects to medium)

Hello, Grishka is an orphan! (large connects to nameless)

Yes, you, Tiny - Timoshka! (the big one connects to the little finger)

I want to note that this finger gymnastics has a positive effect on the switchability and concentration of children's attention. Therefore, it can be performed during any other activities when the child is tired, as a means of increasing attention.

"Friendly Brothers"

Come on, brothers, get to work,

Show your hunting (hands clenched into a fist).

To chop wood for the big one (extends the thumbs),

Stoke all the furnaces for you (unbends his index fingers),

And you carry water (unbends middle fingers),

And you cook dinner (unbends his ring fingers),

And you knead bread (unbends little fingers).

"This finger"

This finger is a grandfather

This finger is a grandmother,

This finger is daddy

This finger is mommy

This finger is our baby!

(alternately bend fingers into a fist)

"Little Men"

The index and middle fingers "run" on the table with the words: "The children ran along the river in a race."

"Helpers"

We chop cabbage, chop (tap the edge of your palm on the table),

We three, three carrots (alternately “rub” on the table with the palm and fist),

We salt the cabbage, salt (movements imitating salting),

We press the cabbage, press (we squeeze the fists with force, and then unclench).

In addition to finger gymnastics, there are many types for the development of fine motor skills of the fingers, which are very easy and simple to do at home:

Folding various flat figures from matches or counting sticks (from simple geometric shapes to more complex ones: a rocket, a house, a dog, etc.);

Stringing beads (you can use both ready-made needlework kits and natural material);

Sewing with a cord (you can use both ready-made manuals that are sold in the store, as well as home-made ones: in cardboard with a hole punch, you can make holes randomly or come up with a pattern, and the child can pass the cord through these holes, “sew”);

You can tear the paper into small pieces, and then make applications out of it;

Collect various mosaics.

All of the above activities are very simple, but will give both you and your child great pleasure from working together and communicating.

Rash sand, pour water! Montessori games at home and in the country

Age features child development from the first year of life

Handbook "If the child lags behind in development"