Close combat: technique, techniques, how to enter, the Soviet school. Close combat in boxing Close combat training
Close range combat is an important part of the technique modern combat. In close combat, only strong blows are considered effective, this is especially true with a new approach to scoring in fights. Each blow must be applied powerfully with the obligatory inclusion of the rotational and rotational-translational movement of the torso into the blow. At close range, in rare cases, a series of three or more blows should be applied. It is necessary to mainly apply strong single blows and combinations of two blows, moreover, they must be applied selectively, alternating with active protection, from various directions and in open places.
The proportion of side strikes in close combat is much greater than strikes from below, but blows from below, especially to the head, are powerful weapon in the technique of the strongest boxers. When analyzing the boxing technique of our boxers in domestic competitions, in rare cases you will see effective application blows from below to the head in close combat. It is necessary to make it a rule that in close combat blows from below to the head are an effective weapon in achieving victory. As for the use of side blows, it is also easy to notice the rare use of a side right to the head by our boxers. And already in the rarest cases, you can observe our boxers performing side blows to the body.
It is necessary to reconsider the technique of applying side blows and blows from below in close combat. Stronger accented blows should be delivered and invested a large mass in a strike and be sure to use to increase his strength rotary motion torso. It is especially important to teach boxers how to correctly strike from below to the head, using strong extension movements of the body. An important circumstance in this case is the position of the fist when striking from below and from the side. Correct position fist upon impact increases its strength, creates a rigid chain: hand - forearm - shoulder, and also reduces hand injuries. The most optimal for achieving these goals is such a final position of the fist, when the back of the glove is directed towards the opponent.
The modern concept of close combat dictates the need to quickly apply after entering close range a more grouped stance with the obligatory transfer of body weight to the front leg. Being late for only one, two tenths of a second, the boxer risks losing the situation in the subsequent development of close combat.
In order to successfully master the elements of combat at close range, it is necessary at the beginning of training to make extensive use of simulation exercises. Completion of these exercises improves the ability of boxers to control the trunk (transfer of body weight from one leg to another, a sense of a common center of gravity - hereinafter referred to as "body weight") both in place and in motion. Only after quality performance of these exercises, when the boxers "feel" finding the weight of the body when performing certain blows, you can proceed to the study of the elements of fighting technique at close range.
A boxer, performing punches at close range, must necessarily alternate them with the performance of certain types of defenses, such as slips, dives, squats and blocks. Therefore, after learning blows from below in the body and in the head, it is necessary to move on to more difficult exercises, where blows from below and from the side will alternate, single and combinations of two blows with certain types of defenses. At the same time, it is necessary to go from simple to complex in training, namely: at first single blows are used and after them defense options, then single blows are repeated, but after certain types of defenses have been completed, and then the boxer is given more complex tasks with performing combinations of defenses and blows . The main task in the following exercises is to teach the boxer to effectively alternate punches in close combat with certain types of defenses, i.e. to be as "charged" as possible swipe, but at the same time be as protected as possible from enemy attacks.
All exercises at the first stage of training are performed by the boxer from the position of the front stance, then the boxer is invited to perform the entire set of simulation exercises listed above from a position closer to the usual fighting position, but more grouped.
When studying and improving side kicks, the following rule must be observed: when delivering a side kick to the head with the left, the weight of the boxer's body during the kick must be transferred to the right leg to increase the radius of rotation, and, as a result, increase the force of the blow. When inflicting a side blow with the right to the head, the weight of the body must be transferred to the left leg, which also increases the force of the blow. The same rule must be followed when applying side blows to the body.
When performing exercises for teaching close range defense options, the following should be noted. Melee defense can be active or passive. Passive defense is used mainly in cases where a boxer cannot actively fight for some time, due to the state of "groggy" or getting into an uncomfortable position (corner of the ring, near the ropes). In some cases, passive defense is also used tactically to avoid combat at close range, as well as to tire the enemy in the first half of the battle in order to move on to active actions in the second part of the duel. Active defense involves the use of those options for defensive actions that will make it possible to effectively defend themselves and, at the same time, without losing control over the actions of the enemy, quickly switch to active actions. In some cases, close combat must use both active and passive defense, i.e. combine them depending on the situation in the ring.
Further exercises should be built according to the scheme, when one boxer attacks alternately or by choice, and the other defends passively or counterattacks (in response). After studying these special exercises boxers will master basic defensive moves, punches and close combat combinations.
The following exercises are performed in a somewhat complicated form. The scheme of these exercises is as follows: attack, defense, counterattack, i.e. the attacking boxer, after delivering a blow or a combination of blows, defends himself from the retaliatory counterattack blows of his partner and, after defending, again strikes a blow or a combination of blows.
Next, the boxer is offered special exercises that directly solve wider problems. technical tasks improving combat at close range. It is necessary to gradually increase the complexity of performing special exercises, starting from solving narrow tasks to performing exercises with broad tactical tasks.
The next, final series of special exercises should directly bring boxers closer to those fighting situations and solving wide tactical problems in close combat that they may encounter during fights in the ring. These exercises can be offered to those boxers who have already quite firmly mastered all the close combat skills that they received during the previous exercises. To perform the following set of exercises, you need the appropriate equipment. Boxers should learn the exercises with a helmet, mouth guard, bandage, and if possible, especially at the beginning of this complex, use 12-14 oz gloves. The weight of the gloves can be further reduced.
Here are some exercises in the final complex.
Ex. N 1. Both boxers perform the same task. They are given the task of inflicting single blows from below and side blows to the body and blows from below to the head. In this case, it is forbidden to apply short direct blows, side impacts to the head, as well as use the defense step back.
Ex. N 2. Both boxers perform the same task. They are given the task to apply only combinations of two blows in any combination, it is forbidden to use short direct blows and defense with a step back.
Ex. N 3. One boxer delivers only single blows (from below, from the side), the other - only combinations of two blows (from below, from the side). Boxers are instructed to constantly change punch patterns. Of the protection options, it is recommended to use stands, blocks, dives, slopes, squats.
Ex. N 4. Both boxers perform the same task. They are given the task of inflicting single blows and combinations of two blows, while it is necessary to alternate single blows and combinations of blows in succession.
Ex. N 5. One boxer delivers only a series of three punches, the other only single punches. When performing this exercise, the advantage of the boxer who delivers single punches should appear.
Ex. N 6. Both boxers perform one task. They are instructed to use direct blows to the head and torso at a long distance (secondary task), when entering close range (main task) to use the entire arsenal of equipment for combat at close range.
Based on the experience of his work, the coach can add and expand all sections of the exercises with those exercises that, in his opinion, can more effectively fulfill the main task - to teach our boxers to fight in close combat.
Based on the materials of the article by A.I. Kachurin, V.A. Kiselev and O.V. Kravchenko:
Kachurin A.I. Methodological foundations training in close combat in boxing / Kachurin A.I., Kiselev V.A., Kravchenko O.V. // Anniversary collection of works of RGAFK scientists dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the Academy. - M., 1998. - T. 4. - S. 115-118
E. I. OGURENKOV Honored Master of Sports, Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences
(corrected and enlarged edition)
Publishing house "Physical culture and sport" Moscow 1969
Close combat in boxing is an essential part of a boxer's skill.
In this book, intended for coaches and boxers, the Honored Master of Sports E. I. Ogurenkov seeks to comprehensively reveal the technique and tactics of a boxer's combat operations at close range and the methodology for teaching close combat techniques.
The work of E. I. Og Urenkov, based on personal sports experience, many years of observations and experimental research, contains a large and varied material on close combat and will provide serious assistance to boxers in improving their sportsmanship.
The author of the book is an outstanding Soviet boxer, whose sporting path played a significant role in the formation of the Soviet boxing school. He won the title of champion of the USSR eight times, performed in the lightest, featherweight, light, welterweight and middle weight categories.
Skillfully using close and combination fighting, E. I. Ogurenkov in 1943, being a middleweight, for the first time in the history of domestic boxing, won the absolute championship of the country and won meetings with the USSR light heavyweight and heavyweight champions.
E. I. Ogurenkov had 168 fights in the ring (24 of them with foreign boxers), 154 won. E. I. Ogurenkov's combat assets include victories over famous foreign boxers - Norwegian E. Guliksen, European champions L. Papp, Hungarian and K. Kalchinsky, Pole.
E. I. Ogurenkov was a comprehensively developed boxer who perfectly mastered a wide arsenal technical means and with the same skill used in meetings in the ring by fighting at long, medium and close distances.
Tem plan 1969 No. 90
Dedicated to dear, unforgettable educator and coach Boris Semenovich Denisov.
INTRODUCTION
Close combat makes up a significant part of the means in the sportsmanship of boxers. Often the success of boxers depends on the ability to act correctly in a fight at close range.
V competition. But in order for a boxer to master the technique and tactics of close combat, a general acquaintance with how to act in close combat is not enough: a boxer needs to be specially trained in close combat and devote much attention and time to improvement in it. To do this, both the coach and the boxer must have a fairly wide range of technical and tactic tools.
TO Unfortunately, in existing teaching aids melee combat is given undeservedly little space.
The present tutorial aims to fill as far as possible these gaps in the sports literature.
Outlining the technique of close combat, the author departed from the generally accepted classification of techniques. Close combat techniques are described roughly in the order in which they are learned in practice. However, simple positions and techniques (position, strikes, defenses) are distributed according to specific features. But further on, all the material of the technique is presented in strict accordance with the sequence of training recommended by the author and based on the transition from simple tricks to more complex ones.
This order of presentation makes it very convenient to use the book. When preparing for classes, the coach and boxer can easily use the material presented in the book.
The book is intended for training with adult athletes. But it can also be used when teaching boxing to young men.
However, it must be borne in mind that young boxers should be taught close combat no earlier than five to six months after the start of classes, when young boxers have completed a fairly versatile physical training and master the basics of long-range combat. In addition, the volume educational material and the load in the lessons with young men must be reduced compared to what is given for adult boxers. So, exercises in close combat should take no more than 15-20% of the time in the main part of the lesson; the number of classes should also be less, for example, out of three lessons, one should be devoted to close combat, keeping distance combat training in the material of such a lesson.
Two features of the learning sequence proposed in the book should be noted. Firstly, you need to start learning to strike with strikes from below, and not from the sides. This is discussed in more detail in the chapter on teaching methods. Secondly, one should first learn the strokes performed right hand and then left. This is different from the training sequence for long-range combat.
This order is necessary because the complex coordination of movements used
V close combat, the boxer learns faster and easier by learning techniques for the right hand. When they are mastered, it will not be difficult for a boxer to perform them with his left hand.
The material presented in the book is based on many years of observations, our sports and pedagogical experience and a specially designed experimental study. The paper also summarizes the best practices of boxers and coaches.
As a result of all this work, wide and varied means of close combat technique and tactics have been identified, and a methodology for training and improvement has been developed.
The book is designed to help boxers in their sports improvement and coaches
in their sports and pedagogical work.
Chapter I. CLOSE FIGHT IN SPORTS PRACTICE
GENERALIZING THE EXPERIENCE OF BOXERS AND COACHES
The description of close combat techniques and methods of training boxers in close range combat in our sports literature does not correspond to that practical combat
experience that individual boxers and their trainers have accumulated: in the practice of boxing training and in the fights in the ring, you can see a much larger number of technical and tactical techniques.
Therefore, using various methods, we set out to find out what boxers know about close combat and what technical and tactics they are used in sports practice (meaning the practice of training and the practice of sports competitions).
To do this, we distributed a questionnaire among the leading boxers and coaches, which contained questions about close combat. Over the course of a number of years, we carried out observations at training sessions and major competitions in the USSR, Europe and the world, analyzed films in which fights were filmed during major boxing competitions and tournaments, and analyzed our own materials (diaries, records) collected over a number of years. personal sports performances.
The experience of the leading boxers and coaches of the USSR was also summarized through various conversations.
Comparison of personal data and statements best boxers and coaches revealed a number of important points.
The overwhelming majority of boxing masters and trainers surveyed consider close combat as an organic part of tactics and spend a lot of time practicing to improve close combat techniques.
IN in combat practice, boxers use a large number of various techniques close combat. Despite the variety and multiplicity of techniques, they can be generalized, classified and systematized, as well as justified tactically.
Many of the close combat techniques performed by individual masters are repeated, but they are given individual expression by almost every master.
IN The practice of boxing masters can establish three main tactical directions for close combat:
− the desire to act technically and tactically diverse, using wide complex techniques of attack, defense and counterattack to defeat the enemy;
− the use of close combat as a forced method of self-defense; the desire to be at close range for a minimum time;
− the desire to tire the enemy in order to weaken his resistance and ensure victory over him.
A number of boxing masters use only single strong blows in close combat. The vast majority of masters resort to both single and serial strikes.
The main methods of defending masters in close combat are dives, stands, evasions, stops, used both to protect the head and torso, and for active defense in order to seize the initiative from the enemy.
It was noted that boxers initially studied close combat differently. Some studied close combat at the end of their primary training, others after reaching sports category, many have not studied it at all.
IN The vast majority of boxers used a holistic method when studying close combat techniques, that is, they practiced attack and defense based on a wide technical and tactical task.
The other part of the boxers used a dismembered method, that is, at first they learned individual blows and defenses against them, then a series of blows and active defenses, and only after that they improved in the techniques performed in battles on assignments.
Such an analysis made it possible to note the following characteristic shortcomings in the technique and tactics of boxers who conducted close combat:
− the technique of blows from below, side and short straight lines is not improved, does not give the desired effect and often leads to violations of boxing rules;
− many boxers are weak in defense against blows and active defenses used to seize the initiative from the opponent at the moment of his attack;
− boxers have minor technical and tactical means used at a close combat distance.
Based on the answers, the following reasons can be established that give rise to poor possession of close combat techniques:
− sports literature does not sufficiently cover the issues of close combat technique and tactics, methods of training and improvement in it;
− trainers do not pay enough attention to the skill of close combat in the classroom;
− a holistic methodology for training in close combat and improvement in
− the method of teaching close combat in the practice of most of our trainers is carried out by a holistic method, which does not meet modern requirements (should be studied in more detail and dissected method).
The responses of boxers and trainers gave us the opportunity to write down (at first without a definite system) a number of close combat techniques - strikes, defenses, ways to enter and exit close combat.
We have systematically observed training sessions in boxing in the sections of the leading Moscow sports societies and departments "Labor reserves", "Dynamo", "Wings of the Soviets", "Spartak", "Medic", "Chemist", "Builder" and in sports organizations a number of cities in the country.
We learned a lot of material from observations carried out on the largest international competitions. In addition, we analyzed the fights of boxing masters at all championships of the USSR from 1945 to the present.
All this allowed us to establish many shortcomings in the conduct of close combat: very few consciously sought to conduct close combat; most boxers do not own the means of combat at close range; even those boxers who prefer to fight inside make a lot of mistakes when entering the inside (lack of insurance
And clear methods of entry). Many boxers have had an incorrect and uncomfortable position during close combat; side kicks boxers often inflict inside gloves; trying to enter close combat, boxers miss blows to the head; techniques in close combat are technically monotonous; inflicting blows in series to the head and torso, boxers do not emphasize individual blows, but during close combat they make a number of tactical mistakes, losing the advantage gained in battle, which reduces the effectiveness of the fight as a whole; Boxers often exit from close combat technically incorrectly, and tactically - out of time; boxers rarely use the exit from close combat with punches; boxers interrupt close combat with long pauses and do not use the advantages gained from individual techniques in order to develop an attack.
Observations at the competitions were supplemented by an analysis of a large number of chronicle films filmed at major international competitions, including the fights of the famous American professional boxers D. Luis, T. Galento, M. Baer and others.
We sought to expand the collected material, using our own seventeen years of sports experience.
WITH Using various methods of summarizing sports experience, we tried to determine the basic principles of close combat, to identify the techniques most fully used in combat, to classify them, filling in the gaps identified as a result of the classification, and to systematize the techniques according to the sequence of training.
This material is covered in the Close Combat Techniques chapter.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TECHNIQUES AND TACTICS OF CLOSE COMBAT
Close combat in boxing is the most active form of combat, consisting of a complex of technical and tactical techniques used at close range. These techniques form a system of means of combat, expressed in strikes with arms bent at the elbows, expedient
defenses against them and ways to engage in close combat and exit from it.
A stable body position in a close combat position allows the boxer to quickly execute the appropriate decision related to attack, defense, counterattack, exit from close combat, or perform various tactical actions at the right time. A stable position of the body in close combat provides a strong setting of the legs on a full foot, bent at the knees, which lowers the center of gravity of the body and contributes to strength and stability during combat with the enemy.
The unstable position of the body in the position unbalances the boxer, makes it difficult to focus on the actions of the opponent and quickly respond to the situation by attacking, counterattacking, defending, leaving close combat or various other tactical actions.
A grouped stance without muscle tension has a positive effect in close combat. This position allows the boxer to successfully attack, counterattack, defend or perform any tactical action at the right moment of the fight without spending too much energy and time.
An open position and excessive muscular tension will lead to negative consequences in close combat: the boxer's chances of success in attack, counterattack, defense against blows and in various tactical actions are reduced.
Excessive muscle tension quickly tires them, lowers resistance, prevents them from enduring difficulties in battle, and weakens the will of the boxer. An open, ungrouped position will not provide an opportunity to quickly and firmly defend against blows.
Economical and rational movement in close combat creates an opportunity to carry out the adopted combat decision in the shortest possible time and expend a minimum of muscular effort on this. Economical and rational movement saves the boxer's energy and helps to achieve the intended goal.
An important quality of a boxer is the accuracy and speed of movements. Fast, accurate movement will help the boxer to perform the intended fighting technique and thus lead him to victory faster. In combat operations, speed and accuracy make it possible to seize the initiative from the enemy. At the moment of approach, speed enables the boxer to be the first to launch an attack by any of the means allowed by the rules of boxing and seize the initiative in close combat.
In close combat, it is very important to be able to combine muscle relaxation with instant tension. When attacking, defending or counterattacking, only the muscles necessary to perform these movements should be involved. The minimum time of muscle tension spent on the execution of techniques will allow the boxer to save strength in battle, prolong freshness and efficiency, and give him the opportunity to act energetically to win victory over the enemy.
For example, during a melee strike, you need to clench your fist, but only at the moment it touches the target and immediately relax after the strike.
The ability to coordinate movements in close combat should be considered very essential and important. Before delivering an accented blow, the boxer must prepare a comfortable starting position that allows you to include certain muscle groups that are needed in this position.
We observe the following preparatory movements in the boxer:
− turning the torso to the right for a side kick with the right to the head or torso;
− turning the torso to the left for a left side kick to the head or torso;
− slipping to the right or left and squatting on the right or left leg, depending on the situation developing in the battle, for a side blow or a blow with the right or left from below;
− retracting the pelvis back and tilting the torso forward for a blow from below to the torso or head;
− tilting the body back and turning it to the right for a short direct hit or hit
to the head;
− tilting the body back and turning to the left for a short direct or side blow to the head;
− squatting in order to protect against blows and strike back from below in the torso or head;
− crouching and turning the torso to the right to defend jot blows and return a side or short straight blow with the right to the head;
− squatting and turning the torso to the left to protect against blows and delivering a response side or short direct blow with the left to the head;
− circular movement of the body to the left, down, right, left and turn of the body to the left with straightening to protect against a side blow with the right to the head and for a response side or short straight left to the head;
− circular movement of the torso to the right, down, to the left and rotation of the torso with its straightening to protect against a side blow with the right to the head and for a reciprocal side or short straight left to the head;
− steps left, right, back, run a few steps to the left or right to challenge the opponent to move towards the boxer and retaliate to the head or torso.
In order to realize the principles on which the close-range technique is based, a high physical fitness produced by systematic year-round training.
Technical and tactical methods of close combat are inextricably linked. Each technical and tactical technique is characterized by a certain content and a specific form.
IN melee techniques should be considered, firstly, the features of a separate specific technique and, secondly, the possible variants of this technique.
The technique of close combat should be the most economical and expedient in terms of the form of movements and give maximum effect with minimal effort.
Close combat technique in boxing consists of numerous techniques, consisting of blows from below, side, short straight lines, various defenses against them, counter-attacks used at a distance at which short blows can only be delivered with arms bent at the elbows.
A large number of existing techniques and their options at a close combat distance makes it possible to choose them and apply them in various situations that develop in combat.
The same can be said about close combat tactics.
IN In close combat, it is very important to be able to use various options for techniques and tactics. By applying the appropriate option at the right time, the boxer will always be able to hit the opponent with one or another blow or combination of blows. So, striking with the left from below in the body, the weight of the body can be transferred to the right leg, to the left leg, or evenly distributed on both legs, and therefore, to choose different options for strikes or series in further actions.
IN conditions of the fight, when boxers constantly change the position of the body, create a threat of a blow for each other, show resistance, the technique of techniques, of course, changes in accordance with the prevailing situation.
In order to successfully complete a fight or melee stage, it is very important to seize the initiative in combat.
From the experience of the best masters of close combat and from personal experience, we have concluded that every boxer who enters the close combat distance should strive to seize the initiative, subjugate the opponent to his actions, force him to switch from attack to defense.
In order to perform a certain technique in close combat, it is often necessary to force the opponent into one position or another. Masters of close combat use various tactics to force the opponent into the appropriate position of the body. To deliver, for example, a left underhand punch followed by an accentuated right side kick to the head, the boxer delivers a distracting right side kick (or two) to the opponent's head, thereby forcing him to use a right slant defense. When the opponent bends to the right, defending himself from a blow with his right, the boxer decisively attacks him with a planned blow.
It is important to perform each preparatory or “feint” blow before an attack technically so that it does not differ externally from a real blow, so that the boxer delivers it correctly and somewhat “emphasized”, forcing the opponent to make an appropriate defense or take a body position favorable to the boxer to start the attack.
Excellent performance in close combat requires the boxer to have such coordination of movements that would allow maximum use of the necessary muscle groups for short and effective strike, accurate and durable protection.
After the blow has been delivered, another task arises for the boxer - to deliver a subsequent blow or a series of blows. To do this, he must anticipate the position of the body in which his opponent will find himself from the received blow, and coordinate movements for the development of a subsequent attack with certain blows to the body or head.
Expedient alternation of blows to different targets are called series of blows. The series consist of three, four and five, and sometimes more blows to the head and torso.
A series of blows are constructed in such a way that one or more blows that make up a series force the opponent to open his head or torso, where an accented blow should be delivered. So, for example, in order to perform a side blow with the right to the head, the boxer distracts the opponent with “feint” blows from below in the body, thereby forcing him to lower his arms for protection and involuntarily open a vulnerable point on the head - the chin, where an accented blow is delivered.
Or another example. The boxer planned to inflict a strong right blow from below in the torso in the area solar plexus. He starts the attack with quick side blows with the right and left to the head, diverting the attention of the enemy from the protection of the torso. There can be one, two or more distracting blows to the head. Hits to the head, of course, will cause the corresponding reaction of the opponent, who will begin to protect his head with his hands, thereby opening Right place for an accented blow from the bottom right to the solar plexus.
To deliver an accented blow, it is very important to prepare the starting position of the torso. For example, before an accented blow from the right from below, one should bend down and turn the torso and pelvis to the right so that it is convenient for the boxer to deliver the planned blow.
By systematically training and improving his sportsmanship, a boxer must bring the technique of a series of punches to automatism. An unexpected automated series of strikes can often decide the outcome of a fight.
The technique of blows, and especially the oncoming blow in close combat, provides insurance against a possible blow from the enemy.
When delivering blows in close combat, the boxer with his free hand must insure himself against a possible counter blow from the opponent. Insurance against any "accidents" with special protection will allow the attacker to avoid a counter strike. Describing the technique of blows from below, side and short straight lines in close combat, we will dwell in detail on the defenses against these blows and methods of insurance.
The technique and tactics of close combat in boxing, as well as long-range combat, cannot be regarded as something constant and frozen - they are constantly developing and improving.
In boxing competitions, there are opponents who differ in their characteristics both in technique, tactics, and in physical and volitional training. Therefore, the boxer must build his fight according to his own characteristics and the characteristics of the opponent. About it
one must always remember when choosing the appropriate techniques for the upcoming battle.
Chapter II. CLOSE COMBAT TECHNIQUE BASIC POSITIONS
Fighting position - the initial position of the boxer, convenient for offensive and defensive actions. In close combat, boxers change positions all the time depending on the personal intentions and actions of the opponent.
There are three main positions: active-defensive, offensive and defensive. Active protective position . The trunk is bent at the waist and tilted forward. Taz
a few filed back. The legs are slightly bent and are shoulder-width apart. The feet are parallel. Body weight is distributed evenly on both legs. Boxers in position lightly touch each other with their heads (near the left shoulder). The arms in the elbows are bent at an acute angle and the shoulder part is pressed to the body. The muscles of the body are not tense. The legs touch the floor with the entire foot, the knees are slightly bent (Fig. 1).
This position is used for various purposes. It allows the boxer to take a break from active offensive actions, makes it possible to defend against the active actions of the enemy, especially from his right punches to the head. Using this position, the boxer can choose the right moment to renew his attack.
offensive position. The body is slightly bent at the waist. The pelvis is slightly forward. The legs are bent at the knees, are shoulder width apart and touch the floor of the entire foot. The feet are parallel. Body weight is evenly distributed on both legs. The arms, bent at the elbow joints at an acute angle, are lowered down and lightly touch the body. Boxers in position do not touch each other's heads (Fig. 2).
Due to the fact that the boxers do not directly touch and do not constrain each other's movements, this position allows athletes to use the means of close combat more widely. Tactically, this position is used for active actions in close combat; the boxer's hands remain free, and he can strike and throw active defenses.
defensive positions. The torso is straightened, slightly inclined forward and slightly pressed against the torso of the opponent. Feet are parallel and shoulder width apart. Body weight is distributed evenly on both legs. Putting his forearms on the opponent's forearms or on the bends of his elbow joints, the boxer does not give him the opportunity to inflict side blows to the head (Fig. 3, A).
The torso is tilted forward and the chest is pressed against the torso of the opponent. Straight arms are inserted from below under the arms and spread forward and to the sides. The legs are not bent at the knees, the feet are parallel and shoulder-width apart. Body weight is distributed evenly on both legs. The boxer does not hold, but also does not give the opportunity to strike himself (Fig. 3, B).
The body is straightened, slightly inclined forward. Feet are parallel and shoulder-width apart. Body weight is distributed evenly on both legs. Putting his forearms on the opponent's forearms or on the bends of his elbow joints, the boxer does not give the opponent the opportunity to strike from below in the body (Fig. 3, B).
These positions are used by boxers who have a height advantage over their opponent.
Hits from below
Hits from below are applied from the bottom up with the right or left hand bent at the elbow; the hand is turned with fingers up; at the moment of impact, the boxer squeezes it into a fist.
Strikes from below are distinguished by complex coordination of movements, but the great technical variety of these strikes allows them to be widely used in close combat.
Hits from below can be: on the target - in the body, in the head; According to the distribution of body weight: with the transfer of body weight to the opposite leg, with the transfer
body weight on the leg of the same name, with an even distribution of body weight on both legs. The difference in the technique of blows from below to the head and torso lies mainly in
the direction of the striking hand. In addition, blows to the body are usually delivered with a less bent arm than blows to the head. The arm is bent depending on the distance to the enemy: the closer he is, the larger the bend should be. Blows are applied on the spot (without a step) or with steps - forward, sideways, backward and in intermediate directions.
From the starting position, the boxer performs the following complex movements to strike from below:
straightens the legs knee joints: rotates and unbends in hip joints and gives the pelvis forward; turns and straightens, torso; performs a strike movement with a hand bent at the elbow joint, forward and upward; clenching his fist at the moment of impact * ; at the moment of an accentuated strike from below to the head, in addition, the boxer rises on his toes.
The greatest impact force from below is created as a result of the coordinated joint participation of a number of strong muscles and their maximally rapid contraction. Therefore, it is important to take such a starting position for the strike, which would contribute to better coordination of movements.
Consider the technique of hitting the body and head with the right and left hands from below in its three main variants: with an even distribution of body weight on both legs; with the transfer of body weight to the leg of the same name; with the transfer of body weight to the opposite leg.
A blow from the right from below to the body with the distribution of body weight on both legs. Before the start of the movement of a strike from an offensive or active-protective boxer serving positions
* At the moment the fist touches the target, the boxer must always clench his fist. Therefore, in what follows, we will not mention it.
5CLOSE FIGHT ("INFIGHTING") IN BOXING
Ways to fight at long range and half range are usually simple. It should only be understood that the boxer must be able to quickly approach, attack, move away from the opponent’s attacks and attack again.
The enemy, in one way or another knocked out of position or confused by the received blow or successful attack, should be immediately pursued and continued to attack relentlessly.
This applies to all forms of combat as well. But close range and fighting on it is a more difficult phase of boxing, and this forces us to dwell on it in more detail.
It is not easy to force an opponent to close combat if he avoids it. Close combat is difficult.
You can enter into close combat (Fig. 34) by pressing the enemy to the rope, driving him into the corner of the ring or approaching him at the moment of attack. In the latter case, at the moment of retreat, unexpectedly and quickly using a dive or double elbow protection, make big step forward and to the left. This maneuver will immediately create a starting position for close combat.
Going to close range, you should immediately take the most advantageous position. It is characterized by the fact that the hands must be inserted between the hands of the opponent.
From this moment you can start the attack. It usually begins with blows from below to the torso and head, alternating with hooks. Here all the studied series are used.
The worst of all the common mistakes students make in close combat is holding the opponent. Instead of using the favorable moment of close approach, the fighters often simply grab each other (fig. 35 and 36).
With such a capture (“clinch”), the judge (referee) gives the command: “step back” or “break”, then both fighters take a step back and thus the conditions for the development of close combat disappear. It happens even worse when one of the fighters, having entered into close combat, gets lost, “sticks” to the enemy, captures him and is inhibited, does not try to do anything. At these moments, an unabashed opponent can make a violent attack and cause a lot of trouble with a series of strong and short blows. But the worst thing is when one of the fighters, unilaterally capturing and holding the opponent with one hand, strikes him.
Such a one-sided hold or grab (“holding”) is one of the strictly prohibited actions in boxing and entails at first a warning (a decrease in the score by one penalty point), and if repeated, a disqualification.
Capturing an opponent in close combat and the subsequent inactivity is a completely normal, constant phenomenon, and for beginner boxers it is instinctive. It is the difficult and sometimes thankless duty of the teacher to overcome this grasping instinct in students. To do this, you can use various, artificially created, positions in close combat, in which students should be deliberately placed, and forcibly, on assignment, make them attack each other in turn.
The teacher persistently and daily must ensure that the student understands that rapprochement is precisely that desired and long-awaited moment when it is possible and necessary to defuse with the help of blows (and only with the help of them) all the accumulated potential energy and sports "anger". Often, no psychological influence on the student, and sometimes even artificial measures of a technical nature, fail to achieve any noticeable success. Sometimes the teacher has to limit himself to good wishes. In such cases, one can only hope that the student eventually "grows" to the necessary combat thinking.
It is very difficult to defend against melee attacks. The only way is to try to paralyze the opponent's actions. This is usually done like this: they try to insert their hands between the opponent’s arms and put their hands on his elbows, after which they immediately attack the enemy, or, leaning on his shoulders, bounce back, thus leaving close combat. It is most advisable to insert the hands with a jerk from the bottom up, but you can also enter them diagonally, that is, one hand is inserted from the top down, "squeezing" into the gap between the elbow bend of one arm, while the other makes the same movement from the bottom - up (Fig. 37).
In addition, it is possible to paralyze the actions of the enemy in close combat by “stopping” strikes, putting the forearms of the hands on the forearms of the opponent’s hands of the same name - this is the protection of the “cross stop”. When hands are placed on the opponent's opposing hands, it is a "straight stop" defense.
Universal protection against a variety of series in close combat is always "double elbow protection".
Getting out of corners in melee is far from easy. The boxer, having driven the opponent into a corner, tries not to let him out of there. Exit the corner to the right.
1. Dive under the opponent's arm. It is done like this: using double elbow protection, one should wait for one of the left blows directed by the enemy to the head; then, taking a step forward and to the right with your left foot (see the 4th step in the “Law of the Step” section), you should dive under the opponent’s beating arm, lean on his body with your left elbow and, turning to his left, strike right punch to the head. Usually, after a dive, the opponent hits (“falls”) into a corner, and the boxers change roles.
2. Another way is called "girth and turn escape". At the time of the attack, the left hand should be brought under the right shoulder of the enemy, and with the right, hit him on the left shoulder. At the same time, they take a step forward and to the right with their right foot, leaning on which they make a turn to the left. It turns out a combination of a jerk (with your left hand on yourself) and a blow (with your right hand), and the opponent is usually thrown into a corner. The legality of this method has not yet been challenged. Care in this way always gives a positive result. Boxers often use this method.
Hello, dear readers of the site. Surely you have often seen fights in which one fighter drives the other into a corner. This is close combat. But how to attack and defend in such a situation?
close combat in boxing
Close combat in boxing implies that an athlete has the following skills: to quickly approach, to attack, to dodge an attack and go on the attack again.
If the opponent is knocked out of position or confused by a missed assault, he must immediately be squeezed and finished off with a shock series.
When fighters are at the shortest distance from each other, the most difficult situation in boxing is formed. It is very difficult to force the opponent into this phase. And it is extremely difficult to work in it.
How to enter melee is shown in this picture
The opponent is pressed against the rope, driven into the corner of the site. The second option is to competently reduce the distance with him during the attack, then when retreating, it is necessary to suddenly and quickly use a dive or double defense from the elbows. Then a big step is taken to the front and left side. Thanks to this maneuver, the initial conditions for such a limited duel are formed.
They need to immediately take the most advantageous position. If you manage to get your hands between your opponent's hands, then you are in that position. From this second, you can develop an attack. First come the lower blows to the body and head. They are combined with hooks.
Possible mistakes: the fighter holds the opponent, and does not use the opportunity to defeat. In this situation, both athletes make a mutual grip.
There is a so-called clinch. The referee calls the fighters to take a step back. And so the conditions for the designated situation are neutralized.
In a worse case, one of the boxers, having started this fight, “sticks” to his opponent, while he himself is lost. He grabs it, but does nothing further. And the opponent, who knows what to do, seriously storms back with a series of different blows.
The most unpleasant incident is when one of the boxers makes a one-sided grip, holds the opponent with his hand and punches him.
According to boxing rules, such a technique is strictly prohibited during a fight. And the judge first warns the violator, and if such an action is repeated, he will disqualify him.
Melee moves
When an opponent is captured at the shortest distance, and then nothing happens - this is a common picture. It is mainly characterized by beginners at the level of instinct.
And the coach must set the right melee techniques for his wards. The first priority for him is to defeat the instinct of capture in his students. Different, self-created positions in close combat are involved. In these positions, students are specially placed. And according to the coaching task, they take turns carrying out mutual attacks.
The mentor at each lesson ensures that the wards realize that the moment of rapprochement is the most optimal moment for a series of formidable boardings. At this moment, the student can release all his strength and boxing anger.
It is often difficult for a coach to psychologically influence trainees. And only artificial technical measures can solve this problem. If they do not help, the coach will advise the fighters kind words and hope that the students will gradually develop the necessary martial mindset.
Attacking techniques in such a battle have already been considered. Defensive actions are no less important.
It is very difficult to hone defensive close combat techniques in boxing. Here the main task is to neutralize enemy actions. The technique is as follows: you need to place your hands between the opponent's hands and block his elbow joints with the imposition of the hands. If this can be done, you must immediately storm the opponent. You can lean on his shoulders and jump back - this is a way out of a critical situation.
The most reasonable solution is to sharply move your hands from the bottom up. But their input can also be diagonal: one hand follows the input vector from top to bottom, crashes between elbow joint one hand, in parallel, the second hand performs the same maneuver from the bottom up.
Another way to paralyze enemy advances is to stop them. Methodology: the forearms of the hands are placed on the forearms of the same hands (left, right) of the opponent. This protection is called a cross overlay.
In a situation where the hands block the opponent's hands on opposite sides, a direct overlay occurs.
Such skills are often instilled by trainers operating in the Soviet school of close combat. They and other experts also distinguish a universal defensive technique in such a duel - this is a double defense from the elbows.
In the situation described, it is difficult to get out of the corner. You can overcome the captivity of the enemy by using the following methods:
- Dive under his arm. The specified elbow defense is used. You wait for one of the left attacks sent to your head. Take a step forward and to the right, with your left foot. Here you need to dive under the attacking arm of the opponent, lean on his body with your left elbow. Turn to his left side and pierce his head with the right. After a successful dive, he is already cornered.
- Get away from the opponent by wrapping and turning. At the moment of attack, the left hand is brought under the right shoulder of the opponent, the right hand hits his left shoulder. At the same time, you step forward and to the right side with your right foot. Lean on it and turn left. This is how a combination of attack and jerk is carried out. With a successful implementation, the opponent instantly leans back into the corner. The boxing code allows such a technique. And it always brings an effective outcome, and is often used by boxers.
Conclusion
A fight in the corner of the ring happens quite often in boxing. If you have perfectly honed the attacking and defensive actions needed in such a situation, you can not only get out of a difficult situation, but also defeat the enemy.
Combat at close range is a special skill in which evencreativity . What does it include, and how to master melee techniques?
First of all, it is an art... to prevent close combat. Boxers, who have mastered the conduct of combat at a long distance, do their best to prevent rapprochement with the enemy, and besiege him at distant approaches, which is even akin to military or diplomatic skill.
But sometimes it fails. And then you have to get closer. The fighter inflicts a series of blows, rapidly moving forward. The one who is attacked escapes from direct blows with slips, and from side dives ... There are other ways, but in general, entering into close combat is the desire of both one boxer or his opponent, and both of them, but this can happen independently - simply by virtue of the development of the situation in the ring.
In tightness...
Approaching, the fighters actively try to tie down the opponent with various methods and at the same time force him to open up for strikes and attacking actions.
Therefore, hands are important. Or rather, their position. And not only hands, but body and head. And not only his own, but also the enemy. All this can be both advantageous and vice versa.
In close combat, it is urgently necessary to seize the initiative and suppress the opponent, forcing him not to attack, but to defend himself, disarming him as much as possible. And therefore, it is necessary to use both hands, alternately hit in the head and on the body, not giving the opponent the opportunity to defend.
As a rule, in the close combat position, fighters take a distance that allows them to freely use both hands. At the same time, you can also freely defend yourself with slopes, dives, supports and punch counterattacking blows. It is important to note that the advantage (often winning) is with the one who moves faster and hits harder, as well as more technical in terms of defense.
Some Features
The stance has some features in close range combat - the body is bent at the waist, the head is lowered, the arms are raised to the head, the legs are slightly bent and can be on the same straight line. One leg may be slightly extended forward. Accordingly, body weight is practically distributed on both legs. In general, close range is characterized by the fact that it is front stand so that it is convenient to hit from the sides. Short and strong boxers mostly strive for close distances, because this is strength work.
In close range combat, boxers use short steps when moving. At the same time, they advance, and retreat back and to the sides. All this in order for the opponent to get out of balance.
And yet a boxer, having planned a punch or a whole combination of them, can change the distance to the middle one by taking a step back. And from this position to strike.
Side steps can also be used. Go behind the back of the opponent. This can disorient him, making it impossible for him to maneuver.
Learn the right way
Training can be started by moving around the ring with short and quick steps forward, backward, sideways and in a circle. At the same time, you should maintain a position for combat at this distance.
Learning to enter into close combat is appropriate to start with the simplest thing: learn the offensive movement at the moment of the enemy’s attack.
Using the techniques of protection from the blows of the enemy, without stepping back, meet him with blows. Another option: dodging to the side, get close and take an advantageous position. Then you need to go for rapprochement during the active attack of attacks, trying to keep the close distance. After that, try from close combat by stepping back, blocking the opponent's actions and hitting back and to the sides.
Combine single strikes with steps in different sides with the same and opposite transfer of body weight to one of the legs. You need to know that when applying several blows, the body weight can be located on two or on one leg. A series of blows should be done in different directions. That is, from below, from the side to the head and along the body.
It is better to master the technique of blows, moving the body weight from foot to foot, correct striking, alternating blows to the head and torso on shells. For this, it is optimal to use fixed and movable bags, stuffing pears and paws.
Close combat is the work of both the left and right hand, and in a full-fledged format. You can only train these skills with a partner. Having taken a close combat position, learn the movements with your hands.
Here are exercises without gloves that can be practiced in pairs. They are not intended entirely for beginners, but after mastering the basics of far and medium distance. It should be noted here that the close distance is the most difficult, and many coaches postpone it until later, when work is fixed on the middle and long distances. However, you have to spend a lot of time on the close distance, it is difficult, because due to the distance and the blows are made twice as fast as you have time to react to them.
So, practicing dives and quickdraws.
We stand in front. The partner inflicts side blows, while imitating a “snowplow”, that is, as if rowing with his hands. His opponent does one dive, then a second, then a pull. When doing a pull, the partner tries to reach the jaw. While scrolling, the chin should be pressed and covered by the shoulder and hands. That is, the arm and chin are always at the shoulder. Legs work in step mode and spring.
A common divers mistake is that athletes (especially beginners) believe that they need to go too far to the side. This is wrong. There should be some mixing with the use of both feet. That is, you just need to sit down and “change shoulders”.
