What do soccer goals look like? Football goals, their dimensions and purpose
(that is, the gate should be placed in the center goal line) connected at the top horizontal bar.
The distance between the uprights is 7.32 (8 yds), and the distance from the bottom contour of the crossbar to the ground is 2.44 m (8 ft). The width and height of the section of both posts and the crossbar are the same and do not exceed 12 cm (5 inches). The goalposts and crossbar must be made of wood, metal or other material permitted by the relevant standard, have a cross-sectional shape of a circle (or an ellipse, rectangle, square) and be white.
Gates must be securely fastened to the ground; the use of portable gates is permissible only if they meet this requirement. Nets may be attached to the goals and the ground behind the goals, which must be securely fastened and positioned so as not to interfere with the goalkeeper.
Encyclopedic YouTube
1 / 3
✪ TAPE FOOTBALL GOALS!
✪ Impenetrable goalkeeper! Football goalkeeper training. How to hit the ball flying into the goal.
✪ Did the Russian deliberately score an own goal in the final of the Olympic Games? The best football videos
Subtitles
goal area
Each gate is marked goal area(goalkeeper's area) - the area from which the goalkeeper (or another player) performs a goal kick.
From points at a distance of 5.5 m (6 yds) from the inside of each goal post, at right angles to the goal line, two lines are drawn inland. At a distance of 5.5 m (6 yds) these lines are joined by another line parallel to the goal line. Thus, the dimensions of the goal area are 18.32 m (20 yds) by 5.5 m (6 yds).
Dividing the gate into zones
Football goal conventionally divided into 2 zones of nine squares: three rows of three squares. Each square is assigned a number from 1 to 9. The score starts from the bottom row, so that the fourth is above the first square, the seventh is above the fourth, and so on.
The division of the goal into squares is done for training purposes: usually the coach gives the field players the task of kicking the goal, trying to hit the ball in a precisely defined zone (for example, “four” is the very center of the goal, “three” and “nine” are the corners of the goal).
"Nine" is the right or left upper corner of the football goal.
The two lower corners of the goal are called "threes", the two upper ones - at the intersection of the side posts and the crossbar - "nines".
In all other situations, the central zones are not numbered at all (football commentators usually use the expressions “punch down or up the center of the goal, punch under the crossbar”), and it is customary to give the names of the side zones “triples”, “sixes” and “nines” and with this immediately clarify whether we are talking about the right or left side of the gate.
There is inconsistency in the description of the markup: some sources give a different markup of the shield (also called "shield-fence") numbered from 2 to 5, they report that the lower corners are called "sixes".
It should be borne in mind that in colloquial language the expression "to hit the" nine "" is used only if the ball hit exactly "under the cross", that is, near the intersection of the bar and the crossbar.
Also, the expression “into the web” used means not just hitting the “nine”, but exactly right next to the intersection of the bars (i.e., where they haven’t hit for so long that they even started
According to international rules, the size of the football field is 100-110 by 64-75 meters. The football field has the shape of a rectangle. A world-class football stadium is a complex structure that consists of several parts: grass covering the entire area of the football field, gravel, sand, pipes that heat the football field, drainage and irrigation pipes. On the football field there is a marking of a circle in the center, a penalty area, a goalkeeper's area and a mark for a penalty kick. The football field according to accepted standards is green.
The length of the football field is 100-110 m, the width of the site is called the goal line (64-75). Behind this strip is the marking of the football field of the goal. Corner flags are placed in the corners. The size of a football field in meters is important in professional matches. In amateur competitions, the standards of the playing field are not of great importance. Field for football training has any size, the main thing is that the side line is longer than the goal line. The standard dimensions of the football field are not mandatory, these values are conditional.
Football field requirements
Football field standards, like the rules of the game, have been around since 1863. Since that time, markup changes have rarely been made, approved in the first paragraph of the rules. The final scheme of the football field was formulated by FIFA in June 2013.
In 1863, they established how many meters a football field is. They took a length of 100-130 yards, a width of 50-100 yards. Basically, the length and width of the football field is 105 * 68 m. The dimensions of the football stadium for professional games are determined by a rigid framework. Compliance with the requirements is controlled by international federations. The permissible length of the football field is 100-110 m, the width of the football field is 64-75 m.
The markings of the field were changed in 1901 and 1937, they added a penalty box and an arc from the point from which they take penalties (penalty kicks) with a circle of 9, 15 m. The markings are made with the same lines with a maximum width of 12 cm. Two long lines indicate the length and width of the field, they are called side lines. Two short ones set the goal lines, while the length of the first is greater than the second. Also on the football field is marked the middle line, which combines both sides. This line marks the center of the field. It is circled in a circle with a diameter of 9.15 m. It is from this place on the site that the game begins at the start, at the beginning of the first half, of all subsequent rounds, if match time is added. The team that conceded a goal starts the game with it.
The pre-launch excitement of the leaders of many Russian football clubs connected with how the team will start, on which field the season will start. After all, permission to hold home matches at the home stadium is obtained if it is ready. If the coverage and markings meet all the requirements of the federation and the league.
Photo 1. The Otkritie Arena stadium of the Spartak football club has been operating since 2014.
Football field dimensions
The football stadium has one shape. The touch line is longer than the goal line. The dimensions of the football field do not have distinct boundaries, while the width and length do not exceed the allowable threshold. Strict requirements for football fields are put forward during official competitions.
For domestic matches, the established limits are: the length of the field is from 90 to 130 yards, the minimum width is 50 yards, up to 100. If international matches are played, then the dimensions of a standard football field are within 100-110 m in length and 64-75 in width. On this occasion, there are instructions in the rules (150x68 m). At the same time, the requirements for the playing field are not strictly regulated, various deviations in its parameters are possible.
According to the first paragraph of the Football Rules, the dimensions of the field are:
- along the length - 90-120 m;
- in width - 45-90 m.
But for international competitions other standards:
- length - 100-110 m;
- width - 64-75 m.
Photo 2. The goal area, marked with markings, is also called the goalkeeper's area.
What is the size of the field
Many teams prefer certain margin sizes. Tactics that matter in football are carried out at a certain width and length of the field. For long attacks on the opponent's goal, wide areas are suitable. With a few extra meters, the players get additional room for maneuver and for the formation of free zones.
For teams with counterattacking tactics, it is preferable to play on narrow field, since this size simplifies the defense. The zones are narrow and it is more difficult for the players of the attacking teams to break through them. The size of the football field is also important when applying vertical passing tactics. The length allows you to throw the ball into free places behind the backs of the defense to someone else's goalkeeper's area from their own goal.
Photo 3. The large size of the football field gives room for maneuvers, such as throwing the ball behind the backs of the defense.
Inner zones
In addition to the length and width that a football stadium has, the dimensions of the field, the internal zones are determined by clear values. The field is mirrored into two parts. Central circle within a radius of 9.15 meters. The gates are located opposite the goalkeeper's area. The inner sides of the goal posts are located 5.5 meters from the side lines of the site. At the same distance, the gates are connected to a line that is drawn parallel to the field boundary. This zone is for orienting the goalkeeper, who stands with his back to the goal. It is forbidden to push the goalkeeper.
Special areas of the field
To carry out maneuvers, ten field players are provided with a field. The goalkeeper has goal space and an area bounded by two rectangular areas. It is considered the goal area, which is larger than the penalty area. On these grounds, the goalkeeper is allowed to hit, catch or put the ball into play with his hands. The first zone, from which the goal kicks are performed with a size of 7.32 by 2.44 m; 18.32 by 5.5 m. The second site, 11 meters from which there is a penalty area, has dimensions of 40.32 by 16.5 m.
Special areas include the technical area, located at a distance of a meter from the bench of each team. The sideline of the football field is also drawn one meter from the technical area. This area is necessary for team coaches to convey instructions to their players.
|
Standard field dimensions |
Field dimensions for international matches |
||
|
Length |
min 90 m (100 yd), max 120 m (130 yd) |
100 m (110 yd) minimum, 110 m (120 yd) maximum |
105 meters |
|
Width |
min 45 m (50 yd), max 90 m (100 yd) |
min 64 m (70 yd), max 75 m (80 yd) |
68 meters |
|
Square |
4050 m2 - 10800 m2 |
7140 m2 |
Table with set field sizes for different types football games.
Field coverage options
The main covering of the football field is a natural grass lawn. Various combinations of bluegrass, bent grass, clover, fescue, ryegrass are used for the mixture - the choice is determined by the region. These grasses are able to withstand prolonged exposure to referees, players, and the scorching sun, frost. The grass for the football field has the characteristics of springiness and has a high-quality grip on the boots.
Photo 4. Boots should not slip on a quality football field.
The lawn for the football field is created in two ways: grass is grown on the territory of the stadium or brought in rolls and rolled out on the spot. The lawn should not be natural, the use of artificial material is acceptable. Artificial turf for a football field is made of polymers. The coating has a pile that resembles the villi of real grass. Many main or reserve fields, training grounds are equipped with a heating system to protect from the cold or they are with artificial grass.
Types of coatings
A natural football field requires special care, it is watered, fertilized and the gaps are sown. Up to two matches per week are played on grass. Grass for big sport not grown in the field, it is brought in rolls in the form of turf.
Artificial grass for a football field resembles a synthetic carpet with blades of grass sticking out of it. A blade of grass is a product made of synthetic fiber, has a shape and stiffeners. For elasticity of an artificial lawn it is filled up with sand and a rubber crumb.
The artificial covering endures the scorching sun and frosts. But maintenance is also important for artificial turf, the process is limited to lawn treatment with a special machine. The filler is removed, separated and stacked. After a set number of games on the field, the surface is changed to a new one.
A mixed coating is a turf with an artificial pile sewn into it. Its cost is high, but mixed turf is equivalent to playing on grass. At the same time, more matches are played on it. Care consists of watering, fertilizing and filling gaps. World championships are held on natural grass (or mixed, which is equivalent).
Photo 5. A synthetic fiber lawn is brought in rolls and consists of a fine pile
Coating features
There is an allowable space between the fibers of artificial turf on a football field. It is filled with sand and rubber granules. The device of the football field softens the friction when a football player falls. Decorative lawns are soft, and the space between the piles is not filled with sand.
There is another type of artificial turf, a cross between a practical lawn and a decorative one. The space between the pile is filled with quartz sand, but there are no rubber granules. Such a lawn covers a children's football field, sports grounds but not big football fields.
Photo 6. It is necessary that the covering of the football field soften the friction in the event of a player's fall.
Football field marking
A standard football field has four lines around the perimeter: two side lines and two at the goal. The width of these marks is not more than 12 cm, as is the width of the other markings on the field. The playing area is divided into two parts by a strip - this is the marking of the center of the field. Draw a line in the form of a solid circle with a radius of 9.15 m.
On a part of the sports arena, the goal area is marked. The boundary is drawn from points from the inside of the goal post, at an angle of 90 degrees to the mark of the goal. The length of the border is 5.5 m. Two more lines are drawn into the depth of the field, connected by a common strip, which is drawn parallel to the goal. Their length is also 5.5 m.
penalty area
Half of the field has a penalty area - a place where the goalkeeper is allowed to take, pass and catch the ball with his hands. The markings start from the inside of the goalposts. Two lines are led into the depth of the field, their length is 16.5 m. At the end (after 16.5 m), these lines are combined with another strip, which is applied parallel to the goal line. At 11 meters from the penalty area, a mark is placed in the center of the gate for breaking a penalty. Outside the penalty area, a semicircle with a radius of 9.15 m is drawn so that its middle coincides with the 11-meter marking. This line simplifies the gameplay when placing players during penalties. According to the rules of the game, players, except for the one who takes the penalty, are not closer than 9.15 m from the 11-meter marking.
All corners of the football field have sectors with a radius of 1 m, from where a corner kick is carried out. The standard gate size is 7, 32 m long, 2.44 m high.
Gate markings
Photo 7. The standard length of a football goal is 7.32 m, height is 2.44 m.
The gates are in the center, according to the markings. They consist of racks that are located vertically at the same distance from the flagpoles in the corners. In the upper part, the gate posts are connected by a horizontal crossbar. The distance between the uprights is 7.32 m, from the lower crossbar to the ground - 2.44 m. The crossbars and both uprights have the same width and height, up to 12 cm.
The width of the goal line is the same as the width of the posts, the crossbar. Behind the gate, a net is attached to the ground or posts, it is securely located so as not to interfere with the goalkeeper. The color of the goalposts and crossbars is white. Crossbars and racks are made of metal, wood or any other material. Cross section in the form of an ellipse. At a distance of 9.15 m from the corner sectors, at the goal or side lines, zones are marked from which players perform corner kicks. The gate stands firmly on the surface, portable structures are used if they meet this requirement.
Flagpoles
At the corners of the football field, flags are installed on flagpoles at least 1.5 meters high, without points in their upper part. This perfect look football field. Flagpoles are set one meter from the intersection of the side and center lines, but this option does not apply.
Additional zones
The indoor football field and other stadiums where there are areas for finding technical staff, substitute players have a marking of the technical area. Boundaries start at the pitch, protrude a meter on either side of the bench area. The boundaries of this zone are marked with special markings.
Football field lighting
The lighting of the football field complies with the established standards. There is a certain lighting scheme applicable for sports stadiums. Linear lighting systems involve the installation of high-power floodlights along the length of the sides of the field above the canopy of the stands. Or lighting equipment is mounted on special structures.
Solid line of spotlights or individual groups lighting fixtures provide an environment for spectators. This system takes into account the capacity of football stadiums. Spotlight shadows are reduced in depth to eliminate glare. The design of the lighting line for the football field is carried out in such a way that shadows from the canopies of the stands are not formed. Equipped with a light fence of the football field.
Football fields are illuminated with high power metal halide floodlights (1000-2000W). LED equipment is not installed at such facilities due to non-compliance technical requirements to lighting. If there are no athletics zones on the field, then it is preferable to use floodlights with symmetrical and asymmetric distribution of the light flux, 4 or 6 support. The height of the supports is placed along the length of the football field 12-25 m. The lighting equipment must have two positions: the “competition” and “training” modes.
Photo 8. Special high-power floodlights are used to illuminate football stadiums.
For a field of standard size, 12-16 spotlights will be required, a smaller number will not work to make the lighting natural and illuminate the entire stadium area. It is important to have a backup power supply.
Football field safety requirements
The football field is covered according to the requirements with a high quality grass lawn that meets accepted standards for size and construction. Field with flat surface does not contain elements that lead to injuries to players. Regarding the size of the football field, there are values - 105 * 68 m. Slight fluctuations are allowed, taking into account the requirements of the organizer. The marking of the football field complies with the rules of the game. It is also necessary to provide security zones.
field design requirements
The design of the stadium is a multi-layer structure, which consists of irrigation, drainage, heating, and lighting systems. The design also includes installation football equipment and inventory. The construction stages of a football stadium affect functionality, ergonomics, safety and other important criteria.
The design of the football field provides: evenness, water resistance, stability (including mechanical damage), game characteristics. It is important that the grass cover provides interaction between the player and the field. The characteristics of the lawn affect the player's movement. It is important to respect the degree of cushioning, vertical deformation, resistance to rotation of the sole and friction force.
These indicators with the design and dimensions are considered features of the football field. Depreciation, deformation and resistance indicators are provided by the design of the foundation of the field of play. The force of friction depends on the quality of the grass cover. But the quality of the lawn also depends on the base materials, drainage systems, watering, how water passes through the coating. The safety of a football field depends on the compliance of indicators with the required values.
Photo 9. The construction of the sports arena takes place in accordance with all requirements for sports grounds.
Football field engineering systems
The characteristics of a football field are determined by the presence of engineering systems for drainage of the upper layer and underground. These systems make it possible to play matches in the rain and divert water from the field even during downpours. Playing field heating systems are installed to ensure a comfortable game in the cold season.
Photo 10. The game process does not stop even during a downpour.
Features of laying grass cover
Professional football stadiums meet accepted artificial turf standards. A mixture of quartz sand and rubber granules is poured onto the grass cover of the football field. Sand is necessarily river quartz, since there are no impurities in it, which means that water will not remain on the surface. Rubber filling gives the coating the desired evenness along the length and height of the pile, and also provides the desired rebound of the ball.
To increase the wear resistance of artificial grass, a layer of geotextile is laid on the top layer of fine gravel. After, the lawn is rolled out and glued with tape or glue. The marking lines of the football field are made of white artificial grass. The surface of the field is formed after backfilling with a mixture of quartz sand and crumb rubber. The indoor football field is also laid according to technology, with the preparation of the foundation. Most often, wooden flooring is taken as the basis.
Football field turf care
Caring for a natural lawn consists of a number of tasks. Grass cover requires regular watering. It is preferable to equip automatic watering, which will start as the soil dries. The irrigation system will simplify the process of fertilizing the soil. The lawn is watered a few days before the game in the evening, when evaporation is low.
Lawn mowing is done with a lawn mower with sharp blades. For cutting grass cover, a special technology is provided, they do it: across, along. The main requirement is not to cut the lawn short, after a while the coating will become rare and lose its aesthetic properties.
Photo 11. Mowing a natural lawn should be done regularly.
Raking is considered an important component of care, it is carried out to clean the coating and create a bed for sowing grass.
Care of the grassy lawn of the football field is carried out systematically. The turf is rebuilt throughout the year. Grass overseeding is performed when the density is 50%. Peredernovka is a measure if there are heavily trampled and destroyed zones on the field.
The main cover of football fields is a natural grass mixture. Various combinations of clover, bluegrass, fescue, bentgrass and ryegrass are used to create, able to withstand long-term exposure to running players, judges and weather.
Artificial turf care
The artificial turf of a football field is combed to level and raise the pile. Carry out a uniform distribution of the filler, controlling the height of the pile. Football lawns are combed at least once every two weeks, sports surfaces every week.
Photo 12. Synthetic fiber pile care - combing and leveling.
The filler is added to areas where it is absent or contained in insufficient quantities. If there is not enough bedding, then this will cause the villi to bend and the impossibility of combing them. The presence of weeds on the football surface is unacceptable, they must be removed, preventing growth. It is allowed to treat the field with herbicides when the next few days are dry and sunny.
There are no third-party objects on the territory of the football field, especially bulky and heavy ones. Any shoes should be checked for dirt and stones before walking on artificial turf. Soiled shoes are cleaned.
It is forbidden to move on the artificial turf in any vehicle. Special equipment, for cleaning the lawn or topping up the filler is an exception. In the autumn, the football surface is inspected so that it is not clogged with foliage, and removed on time. Foliage leads to a change in the properties of artificial pile and spoils a significant part of the lawn.
Refilling or complete replacement of the filler is performed every 1-2 years. To prevent caking of sand and crumbs. Also, this procedure will get rid of the likely germination of moss, weeds.
The cold Russian climate does not allow you to play football, in early spring And late autumn, in stadiums with natural turf. Many main or reserve, training football fields in our country, they are made either with a heating system from drainage pipes laid under the field, or with artificial "grass".
Requirements for lighting and field fencing
Lighting equipment (spotlights and lanterns) meet international standards, firmly fixed so as not to blind the players and spectators. Football field fencing performs several functions: zoning and security. Dividing the stadium into zones allows you to limit the entrance to some of them, thus eliminating possible incidents in the stadium. The height of the fence is at least 4 meters along the main perimeter and 6 meters behind the gate. The lighting equipment calculation takes into account the length of the football stadium. The main requirement is to ensure a comfortable game at any time of the day.
Photo 13
Special sectors of the football field
The map of the football field includes a special area where the technical staff, coach and substitutes are located during the game. This is the technical area of the football stadium, which is planned during the construction of the playing field. Spectators watch the game in the stands, which are divided into sectors. To ensure the comfort and safety of the movement of people on football stadium each sector has a separate exit.
IN ideal on the playground, outside the goal, there are additional areas for warming up the players. Also, thanks to these zones, the movement of referees during the game, the staff who serve the balls, medical workers, security services and the media is ensured. The dimensions of such zones are at least 8.5 m on the sides of the football field, not less than 10 m from the goal lines.
Photo 14. Beijing National Stadium - one of the most accommodating in the world (91 thousand people).
Summary
A football field is a complex structure, not a lawn surface. The properties and characteristics of the field are determined by such factors as efficient system irrigation, drainage and heating. When developing a stadium project, the following criteria are taken into account: climate, rainfall, proximity to groundwater. It is also important to take into account the frequency of games on the field.
The standard dimensions of a football field are determined by the first paragraph of the Football Rules. The size has no clear restrictions, but at the same time the width and length comply with accepted standards. The shape of the football field is necessarily rectangular. The sideline is longer than the goal line. The surface of the playing field is flat and smooth.
Photo 15. A high-quality football field consists of many elements - high-quality coverage, accurate markings, convenient location of the stands and safety
Of the possible options, there are three types of football field: with natural turf, artificial and mixed. A natural lawn consists of the soil part, the grass. Or ready-made turf, which is brought to the field in rolls and rolled out on the spot. Artificial turf includes synthetic grass and infill. The poured mixture is a combination of river (quartz) sand and rubber crumb in certain proportions. Mixed football surface involves the combination of natural grass and artificial pile. The base grass surface is stitched with synthetic fiber to increase resistance to mechanical damage. Also, due to the interlacing of the grass root system with an artificial substrate, an increase in resistance to erosion is achieved.
|
Type of sports lawn |
What is |
Characteristic |
|
Natural |
Soil with seeded grass and sod |
Whimsical to climatic conditions, requires quality care, expensive |
|
Artificial |
Infill with artificial grass |
Long shelf life, easy maintenance, resistance to various climatic conditions |
|
Combined |
Natural turf stitched with synthetic thread |
Maximum imitation of a natural lawn while maintaining the advantages of a synthetic counterpart |
comparison table different types lawn.
The option of covering the football field has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. The characteristics of natural lawns remain unchanged for many years. Artificial surfaces recently, with the support of FIFA and UEFA, have undergone significant updates. The improvement and refinement of artificial turf has led to sports clubs more likely to choose this option. Due to the difficulties in providing regular maintenance of natural grass. The cost of artificial football turf does not reduce its competitiveness in comparison with natural turf.
Video: Football field markings
Pay attention to related products
The first indications in the rules on the size of the football field.
Dimensions
From points at a distance of 16.5 m (18 yds) from the inside of each goalpost, at right angles to the goal line, two lines are drawn inland. At a distance of 16.5 m (18 yds) these lines are joined by another line parallel to the goal line. Within the penalty area, in the center of the goal line and at a distance of 11 m (12 yds) from it, 11 meter mark. Outside the penalty area, an arc with a radius of 9.15 m (10 yds) is drawn, the center of which coincides with the 11-meter mark. This line helps the referee to correctly position the players during the taking of the penalty (all players except the kicker must be at least 9.15 m from the penalty mark, behind the ball and outside the penalty area).
Flagpoles
Flags are set in the corners of the field, on flagpoles at least 1.5 meters high, which do not have points on top. A quarter of a circle is also marked there, with a radius of 1 meter - corner sector in which the ball must be placed when a corner is taken.
Flagpoles can be installed at both ends of the center line, at least 1 meter apart.
Gates
Goals must be placed in the center of each goal line.
They consist of two vertical posts, located at an equal distance from the corner flagpoles and connected at the top by a horizontal crossbar.
The distance between the uprights is 7.32 m (8 yds), and the distance from the bottom contour of the crossbar to the ground is 2.44 m (8 ft).
The width and height of the section of both posts and the crossbar are the same and do not exceed 12 cm (5 inches). The width of the goal line is equal to the width of the goalposts and the crossbar. Nets may be attached to the goals and the ground behind the goals, which must be securely fastened and positioned so as not to interfere with the goalkeeper.
The goalposts and crossbars must be white.
Additional zones
Technical area- a marked place outside the field, in close proximity to it, in which the coaches and substitute players of the team must be located during the match.
Football field construction
A world-class football field is a complex multi-layer structure. The football field consists (from top to bottom) of the following parts:
- grass lawn;
- Substrate of sand and gravel;
- heating pipes;
- Drainage pipes.
grass cover
Grass cover needs to be watered and fertilized, as well as sow "bald spots". Grass does not allow for many games: so that it does not get trampled, the number of matches on natural grass should not exceed two per week.
In modern stadiums, grass is not grown, but brought in in the form of turf rolls.
synthetic coating
A synthetic coating is a "carpet" of synthetic material from which "blades of grass" protrude. Each blade of grass is not just a strip of plastic, but a product of complex shape with stiffening ribs. To ensure elasticity, artificial turf is covered with sand, and on top with crumb rubber.
Synthetic coating needs only two types of maintenance:
- after a certain amount games cover is replaced with a new one;
- after each match, with a special machine, similar to a large vacuum cleaner, sand and rubber are removed, separated and laid again.
Mixed coverage
A mixed coating is a turf into which synthetic blades of grass are sewn by a special machine. Such a coating is very expensive, but practically does not differ from grass, and withstands much more matches. Care is also limited to watering, fertilizing and timely replacement of "bald spots". The first Russian stadium to use such coverage is Lokomotiv Moscow.
All world championships are held on grass (and on mixed, as it is equivalent to grass).
Notes
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010 .
See what "Penalty area (football)" is in other dictionaries:
Football field football field. Its dimensions and markings are governed by Rule 1. Field of Play of the Rules of the Game of Football. Football field markings Contents 1 History 2 Dimensions ... Wikipedia
Instruction
Football is the king of sports. Hundreds of millions of people on Earth are in love with this team game, which has led to the creation of an entire empire, whose activities revolve around a striped ball. At the same time, there is not only ordinary football on the green field, but also mini-football and beach football, which also attract a considerable number of fans and participants.
Most popular view football - standard, which is considered to be the birthplace of England. This statement is highly debatable, since in pre-Christian Rus' there was a similar game, and the ancient Maya also know fights with a ball, where horizontal rings similar to basketball ones were used instead of gates. But it is in this form, in which we are accustomed to seeing it, that football originated in Great Britain in the middle of the 19th century.
At first in English football students of higher educational institutions and representatives of the upper classes played. Over time, people from the working class became addicted to the game. Football became inclusive and began to push social and territorial boundaries.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the popularity of football increased so much that it was decided to include this sport in the summer program. Olympic Games, and a little later - about holding individual world championships. The first World Cup was held in 1930, when the first place was taken by the Uruguayan team. After that, it was decided to meet once every four years in one of the countries the best teams to compete in the ability to win by scoring goals against others.
Initially, the gates were made of wood. Sometimes this led to funny situations. For example, in some matches after hard hit, the gate just broke and fell. I had to put them again, wasting precious time. As you know, two halves of 45 minutes are played, while the repair of the gate could take 10-20 minutes.
To avoid funny situations and give a higher status to the game, the international football federation that existed at that time proposed to install a metal goal frame, on which the net was stretched. The net allows the ball not to fly into the stands, even after a powerful shot on target.
It is quite natural that the federations of the countries began to think about what size the gates should be. Some kind of uniform was required. As a result, it was decided that the height of the football goal began to meet the requirements of 8 feet, which is 2.44 meters, and the width - 8 yards (7.32 meters). Currently, this size gates are installed at all stadiums in the world.
In cases where the gates do not meet the standards, the result of the match may be annulled, and the match itself will be replayed on a neutral field, or the host team will receive a forfeit defeat. Once Lokomotiv Moscow defeated Swiss Sion in the UEFA Cup match with a score of 5:1, but the gates were already 20 cm thick. As a result, a replay was scheduled, during which our team still won 1:0 and advanced next stage.
In winter, the attention of the viewer is riveted to another football. Futsal has gained great popularity in our country in the last twenty years. In this type of football, not 10 field players and 1 goalkeeper play, but five field players and 1 goalkeeper. The site itself is smaller. Naturally, the dimensions of the gate are also reduced and meet a certain standard. So the width of the mini-football goal is 3 meters, and the height is 2 meters. At the same time, the score is just hockey - 7:5, 4:3, but sometimes teams complete a goalless duel.
note
Modern football goals are made of a special material that is lighter than metal, but has high level strength.
It is important that the gate is firmly attached to the ground and does not fall. There have been cases of the gate frame falling, leading to sad consequences.
The football field has a rectangular shape. The size of the football lawn has no clear limits, however, its width and length cannot go beyond the established limits. These restrictions apply only to official competitions.
Football field dimensions
For domestic competitions held under the auspices of the International Football Federation FIFA, the minimum length of the field is 90 meters or 100 yards, the maximum is 120 meters or 130 yards, the width of the field must not be less than 45 meters or 50 yards, and not exceed 90 meters or 100 yards .
For international matches, the rules are a bit stricter. The length of the field must lie within 100-110 meters or 110-120 yards, in width - within 64-75 meters or 70-80 yards.
Why do teams use different field sizes?
Usage different sizes fields by different teams is not accidental. In football, tactics are of the utmost importance. The width and length of the football field seriously affects it. Teams that prefer long positional attacks find it easier to play on wide fields. The extra few meters give players extra space that can be used to create free zones.
Narrow pitches are preferred by counterattacking teams. On such fields it is much easier to defend. The zones are much narrower and more difficult for attacking players to get through.
Long fields are convenient for teams that like to use vertical passes. In this way, you can throw the ball from your own goal to someone else's in free zones behind the backs of the defenders.
Dimensions of internal field lines
In addition to length and width, there are inner zones of the field that have clear standards. The field is divided into two equal parts, which have a mirror image. The radius of the central circle is 9.15 meters.
Opposite the gate is a goalkeeper's area. Her touchlines are 5.5 meters or 6 yards from inner sides gate posts. At a distance of 5.5 meters, they are connected to a line that runs parallel to the edge of the field. The goalkeeper must not be pushed in this area. In addition, it serves to orient the goalkeeper on the field, constantly with his back to the goal.
A penalty area is marked on each half of the field - a zone in which the goalkeeper is allowed to play, and violation of the rules by the defending team is punishable by appointment. Its sides are 16.5 meters or 18 yards from the inside of each of the uprights, parallel to the goal line. These sides join with a perpendicular line in the field at a distance of 16.5 meters, forming a rectangle.
In addition, there is a 11-meter mark in the penalty area, from which a penalty kick is taken. It is located at a distance of 11 meters in the center from the goal line. According to football rules, players must not approach the ball more than 9.15 meters. Therefore, outside the penalty area, an arc was drawn with such a radius, the center of which is at the 11-meter mark.
Tip 3: Requirements for the football field: dimensions and surface
The pre-start excitement of the leaders of many Russian football clubs is connected not only with how their team will start the season, but also with where it starts, on what field. After all, permission to hold home matches at the home stadium can only be obtained if it is absolutely ready. Including if the coverage and markings comply with all the necessary requirements of the federation and the league.
football rectangle
Football is one of the most "old" and conservative sports. Its rules were established in October 1863 in Britain, famous for its adherence to the traditions, and changed quite rarely and with great difficulty. Especially in regard to the field markup, prescribed in the first paragraph. They were finally formulated by FIFA, the International Football Federation, on June 1, 2013.
In particular, the length of a football field established by the rules of 1863, in its shape - a rectangle, is a distance of not less than 100 and not more than 130 English yards. In terms of meters - from 90 to 120. The width of the field is from 45 to 90 meters (50-100 yards). The optimal ratio of length and width is 105x68 m.
Much more stringent requirements are imposed on stadiums that host international matches with the participation of the best professional club teams and national teams of the country. Compliance with the criteria is monitored not only by national, but also by international federations. In Europe, for example, this is done by UEFA, the Union of Continental Football Associations. The length of the field permitted by UEFA is from 100 to 110 m (110-120 yards). Width - from 64 to 75 m (70-80 yards).
Markup for the Accurate
The last changes in the markings of the field were made in 1901 and 1937, a penalty area and a nine-meter arc from the point from which the penalty shoots out. Make it in equal lines, the width of which should not exceed 12 centimeters (5 inches). Two long lines, which are the boundaries of the field, are called side lines. Two short - goal lines. Moreover, the first should be longer than the second.
There is also a center line connecting the two touchlines, which marks the center of the field with a diameter of 0.3 m (1 ft). It is surrounded by a circle with a diameter of 9.15 m (10 yds). It is from here that the starting kick is made at the beginning of the first and all subsequent ones, in case of extra time in cup matches, . From it, the team that conceded a goal resumes the match.
Special Zones
If the entire field exists for the maneuvers of ten field players, then for the goalkeeper this space is limited not only by the gate, but also by two rectangles again. One of them is called the gate area. Another, larger one is the penalty area. Only in them the goalkeeper can catch, hit and put the ball into play with his hands.
The dimensions of the first area, from where all the so-called goal kicks are taken (7.32 x 2.44 m), are 18.32 x 5.5 m (20 x 6 yards). The dimensions of the second, where at a distance of 11 meters (12 yards) from the goal line there is a "point" for taking a penalty, are 40.32 by 16.5 m (44x18 yards).
Another special football area is the technical area, located one meter from the bench of each team. A meter from the technical zone, a side line of the field was also drawn. This area is used mainly by the coaches of the teams to convey instructions to the players.
Look at the corner!
Under the concept of standard position» penalties, free kicks, free kicks, as well as corner kicks are covered. The latter are performed after the ball is placed in a special arc drawn in each of the corners of the field. The radius of these arcs is 1 meter (1 yard). There are also flagpoles showing the corners with fixed flags of bright color.
natural and artificial
The main cover of the fields is a natural grass mixture. To create, various combinations of clover, bluegrass, fescue, bent grass and ryegrass are used, which can withstand the long-term impact of not only the players and the judge running on it, but also the weather.
Such a grass mixture should have high-quality grip on the boots and have good springiness, both for the ball and for the ball. The playing lawn is built in two ways - grass is grown right on the stadium or brought in in the form of turf rolls and rolled across the field.
Not the warmest Russian climate does not allow playing football, especially in early spring and late autumn, in stadiums with natural grass. That is why many main or reserve, as well as training football fields in our country are made either with a heating system from drainage pipes laid under the field, or with artificial "grass".
It consists of green plastic fibers fixed to each other and forming a synthetic carpet with a sand and rubber crumb compactor. In addition, there is also a mixed coating, when they are sewn into natural turf - for best quality and a longer period of use - artificial "blades of grass".
Probably in the whole world there is no such person who does not know about football. The key element of the most popular team game is the football goal. Without this iron structure, both teams would not be able to please the audience beautiful goals, and the game itself would lose its meaning. What is the standard football goal size? Are the goals the same in all kinds of football? Now we will find out.
Football goals: dimensions, standards
Football goals consist of two vertical posts, also called posts, which are connected at the top by a horizontal crossbar. Their diameter in all areas is the same and equal to 12 centimeters or 5 inches. What is the size of the football goal? The bars are set opposite each other for a length of 7.32 meters or 8 yards. The height of the crossbar from the ground is 2.44 meters or 8 feet. The shape of the gate resembles the letter "P", where the crossbar is much longer than two posts. The entire structure of football goals is usually made of metal and painted white. When football goals are installed, they are securely placed on the ground. On the reverse side of the structure, a net clings, which should not interfere with the goalkeeper.
A bit of history
The first mention of the gate is found in the English chronicle during the 16th century. Then the game with the ball was radically different from modern football. However, several centuries ago, players designated a certain area with the term "gate", and also tried to build a certain structure. Until 1875, a rope was pulled over the side bars, after which it was decided to change it to a crossbar. At the beginning of 1891, before one of the fights in the English city of Nottingham, a net appeared outside the gate.
Mini football
What are the dimensions of the mini soccer goal? Futsal appeared in Brazil around the 1920s. This kind of big football received an impetus for development in the middle of the 20th century. Futsal players play with a smaller ball, which bounces off the surface of the court much less. This variety differs from its large "relative" not only in the size of the playing field, the length of the halves and the rules, but also in the size of the goal. However, despite the fact that they are much smaller, as a rule, spectators during the match become witnesses of a larger score. This is largely due to the tactics of the game, which is significantly different from football on the grass. Often futsal teams play "one on one", that is, each player follows the actions of a certain opponent in the opposing team.
Sizes of futsal goals
Unlike big football, where the goal is securely installed into the ground, in futsal this design is fixed to the floor. The size of the football goal in this type of game is as follows: the distance between the bars is 3 meters, and the height from the crossbar to the surface of the site is 2 meters. Goals in futsal are equipped with a net in such a way that it does not cause inconvenience to the goalkeeper. Its purpose is to keep the ball in the goal. The diameter of both bars and the crossbar in futsal is 8 cm.
Children's football goal
Due to its accessibility, football wins the hearts of boys all over the world. Unlike hockey, where equipment is available only to parents with a certain income, here you need only the presence of a ball. Often, children chase the ball in the yard, where some kind of fences or installed thin tree trunks serve as gates. However, unlike standard children's football goals, they cause a lot of inconvenience.
It is recommended to purchase a gate for children's football which are made from aluminium. This material greatly contributes to the fact that the boys do not get injured. During installation, the lightness of aluminum should be taken into account, so the gate must be securely fastened. To increase the durability of the structure, it is recommended to treat the surface with varnish or enamel, which will protect against corrosion.
Sizes of children's football goals
What is the size of the children's soccer goal? Compared to big professional football, where the size is 8 feet by 8 yards, children's goals can't be that big. This is due not only to the size of the field on which the boys play, but also to their anthropometric data. In a children's game, unlike professional football, there are no strict standards and rules. What is the size of the soccer goal for kids? As a rule, manufacturers for boys make gates of two types, depending on their age: 3 by 2 meters or 5 by 2 meters. The diameter of the rods and the crossbar is also much smaller.
In professional football, for training purposes, the goals are divided into 2 zones, each of which, in turn, is divided into 9 equal squares. In total, 18 numbered zones are obtained with a number from 1 to 9. Thanks to this division, it is easier for football players to work out shots on goal. As a rule, ordinary fans know only about one zone - "nine", thanks to sports commentators. This happens when a player hits the upper right or left corner of the goal.
Due to the round shape of the rods, in some cases, after a twisted shot, the ball can bounce in the opposite direction. For example, a leather sphere, when crossing the goal line, returns back to the field.
gate to big football often lead to serious injury to the players. Especially such cases occur in jumps, when the head collides with the bar or crossbar at high speed. Some goalkeepers wear a special helmet to avoid injury.
Due to the fact that football goals are not properly secured, about 50 people die every year around the world.
