What to catch burbot in late autumn. Catching burbot in autumn
Burbot is the only representative of the cod family that can be found in freshwater rivers. The peculiarities of the behavior of the fish make its capture a relatively rare phenomenon. It is especially problematic to catch him in the warm season, when he practically does not leave his place of parking - in such cases, this fish is sometimes caught by hand. This is a cold-loving fish, which means that fishing for burbot in autumn, spring, as well as ice fishing will be the most effective. Burbot is especially well caught in late autumn. This fish is distributed relatively evenly in the middle lane, although it is no longer found in many rivers, which may be due to water pollution by industrial waste.
Burbot prefers rivers with clear water, as well as a pronounced current and a rocky bottom. and in pits with cold springs, near snags, stones, and also often hides in the roots of trees that grow near water (it has been noted that if trees growing along the banks of the river are cut down, then burbot often leaves such places). The best time comes when the water temperature does not exceed 12°-13°C degrees, already at 15°C activity drops sharply, and this predator seeks shelter at the bottom, where it waits out the warm season.
Photo 2. Simple burbot donka.
During the summer
In summer, burbot is extremely difficult to catch, due to the low activity of fish. Sometimes it is justified at night in shallow areas, while in addition to burbot you can often catch and, especially if you catch. In the summer there is another way to fish. In the warm season, the burbot is sluggish, inhibited, hiding from the heat in various shelters. It is in various holes and under stones that they catch it at this time of the year, without any gear - with their hands. Even when touched, this fish is often in no hurry to flee, but only tries to squeeze deeper into its shelter.
Spinning
Not the most convenient tackle for catching burbot, since you have to catch mainly at night, when the activity of the fish increases, and it is extremely inconvenient to do it in the dark. At the same time, they use and, as well as foam rubber fish. Many anglers prefer to fish with foam rubber fish, as it can be soaked with minced fish juice for greater catchability. Instead of artificial baits, you can use live bait, but it should be borne in mind that when spinning fishing it doesn't last long. It is not pits and other deep places that should be caught, but, on the contrary, shallow water up to 2 meters deep, where the predator goes to feed. As it is considered the best conditions for fishing it will be a moonless, windy night with drizzling rain. In calm weather on a bright moonlit night, this predatory fish is inactive.
Important! Many anglers believe that the worse the weather on the day of fishing, the better the bite of burbot.
Feeder
Anglers use and. Their sensitive tips will allow you to notice the bite of burbot in time, which can be missed on less sensitive gear. The length and test of the rod is selected based on the fishing conditions, and for this you need to know the places where the predator prefers to feed at night and rest during the day. If promising points are located near the coast, then it is quite long up to 3 meters. If the fishing place is far from the shore, and there is also a strong current on the pond, then it would be better to use a heavier feeder rod, with a length of more than 3.6 m and a test of more than 100 grams.
Photo 3. Improved donk.
Catching burbot in October is one of the most successful options, since fish are already actively feeding during this period of decreasing water and air temperatures. Catching burbot in September largely depends on the temperature of the air and water - if it gets colder earlier, then you can count on the catch this month. However, many anglers believe that catching this fish is most effective in the interval between the first frosts and freezing. Fishing for burbot in October often takes place at a fairly low air temperature, so experienced anglers recommend building a fire on the shore, which not only helps to keep warm, but also attracts fish to the place of fishing with light.
Mugs and supplies
To successfully catch burbot on mugs, you need to know exactly the favorite routes and parking places of the predator. Sometimes it takes more than one day to identify such places, but if a burbot trail is discovered, then such gear can provide a good catch. Sinkers for this gear use sliding weights of 15 grams or more, depending on the depth and strength of the current at the fishing point. Leashes are used relatively long, 50 cm or more, but it is not necessary to make a large supply of fishing line - having swallowed the hook, the burbot does not swim away a long distance from the circle. Live bait, dead fish or pieces of fish are put on the hook. In the evening they sail out on a boat and set mugs in the places of feeding and parking of burbot. You can check the tackle in the morning, and when waiting for a good bite, the mugs are checked at night.
Burbot is a rare fish, belongs to the cod family. In fact, this is the only representative of the species found in our regions and preferring freshwater rivers. Due to the peculiarities of the behavior of the fish, it is quite rare to find it on the hook. The greatest difficulty in catching prey is experienced by anglers during the heat, because the fish remain at the parking lot, lead an extremely sedentary lifestyle. Sometimes it is possible to catch burbot with hands. Catching burbot in autumn on the river is the most productive, as in other cold periods. The best time to go fishing is in late autumn.
Features of the behavior of burbot in autumn
The fish prefers reservoirs with extremely clear water, a significant current and the presence of pebbles or stones at the bottom.
most effective in such places:
- pits intersecting with a cold current;
- close to snags;
- next to a scattering of stones;
- with many protruding roots. If the tree is dry or cut down, the burbot tends to leave its habitat and swim to another area.
Fishing for burbot in autumn becomes most productive after the middle of the season, when the water temperature drops to 12°C, but as soon as it warms up to 15°C, the activity of the fish is greatly reduced. It will not be possible to find a predator in warm water, it descends to the bottom in search of shelter, where it spends the entire warm period of the year.
Some fishermen advise to hunt for burbot already in winter, and this is not unreasonable, because the predator spawns in December and captures January. It is better to catch it before leaving for the spawning ground, it is important to guess with this period, now there is an active zhor, respectively, the most successful fishing is coming. During spawning, no baits and nozzles for this fish are successful. Only small individuals that have not reached maturity can come across on the hook.
Hunting for autumn burbot often allows you to get the largest catch from big fish. The predator has a common feature with the rest of the inhabitants of the reservoirs - an active zhor in autumn time. Fishing for burbot with donkeys in autumn is most effective in October, active biting continues until freezing.
Burbot is a nocturnal fish that hunts exclusively using its sense of smell and lateral line. Prey practically does not rely on vision, so it makes no sense to use wobblers of various types, and there is also no need to use dyes.
It is important to take into account that in a number of countries burbot is under state protection and is listed in the Red Book, that is, catching it is prohibited.
Place and time for burbot fishing in autumn
In theory, different places are suitable for fishing, since in cool water the fish are actively moving and are able to detect prey everywhere. To increase the chances of catching, we recommend casting tackle close to small fish. The predator pursues the prey and attacks it, at these moments the burbot can be interested in the prepared bait.
Different places suitable for fishing
From our own experience, we note that a good catch was repeatedly managed to get on the shores with a beach strewn with pebbles or sand, always with a gentle slope and great depth. When fishing for a snack, it is often possible to catch fish on washed-out banks with a steep descent.
It is impossible to unequivocally answer how to catch burbot in November, as prey is unpredictable. If today it is caught near the shore, tomorrow the predator will remain in the middle of the river and will not approach the coastline at all. The only way to increase your chances of catching a burbot is to use three to five snacks at the same time. It is better to cast all donks at different distances from the shore.
The unpredictability of the fish is also manifested in the time of hunting, often caught on a hook in the morning and evening, although the main fishing time is at night. Burbot responds well to bad weather, the worse it is, the higher the chances of catching fish. The fisherman should immediately capture all the potential periods of catching prey, coming to fishing at 17 and continuing it until 9-10 o'clock. It’s not worth keeping track of the tackle, this is a tedious task, we recommend throwing it in the evening and proceeding to the manufacture of the next donks, installing a bite signaling device on each.
Nozzles and baits for autumn fishing for burbot
Must be exclusively of animal origin. The predator neglects any vegetable smells, completely refusing to attack them.
Exclusively of animal origin should be bait for burbot in autumn What to catch burbot in autumn:
- standard bait animals: bloodworm, large worms, maggot, creeping worm;
- various live bait: , ruff, char, perch, roach, loach, perch and other small fish. We recommend sticking the bait by the upper lip or piercing under the dorsal fin, this will ensure the mobility of the bait. There are other ways of planting, one of the best options- Pass the hook with the fishing line through the mouth and pull through the gills. If you have a choice, it is better to take the most common fish in the reservoir, usually a gudgeon. The advantage of the ruff is a strong aroma that attracts burbot;
- the easiest bait to get is chopped fish or chicken offal;
- Another common bait for catching a predator, which is found in all reservoirs, is frogs.
In the classic method of hunting for burbot, the use of bait is not required, because the bait itself is quite fragrant and attractive. Many anglers claim that there is a sense in feeding the site. Bait is best made from clay or earth with the addition of maggot, worm or similar components. We lay them in the feeder (if a feeder is used) or roll them into balls and throw them to the fishing place. The option is simpler and no less effective - throwing minced meat, pieces of fish, chicken offal, etc.
Tackle and methods of autumn fishing for burbot
Regardless of the type of gear used for burbot, it is important to adhere to two basic rules:
- leashes should be changed quickly. The predator swallows the leash with a hook deeply; When mounting tackle, experienced fishermen always make a clasp for easy detachment of the leash;
- the leash should be made of tungsten cord. This is an optional condition for anglers who regularly check their gear. If you plan on fishing with infrequent tackle checks, tungsten leashes are important.
Tungsten leashes are important if you plan to fish with a rare tackle check. If you plan to catch a snack, come in handy the following items tackle:
- diameter of the main fishing line - 0.4-0.7 mm;
- diameter of the fishing line for the leash - 0.3 mm;
- sinker. To make it even easier simple tackle, we use an angular stone as a load, we can take it right on the river. The weight of the sinker depends on the current, usually they take 50-250 g;
- hooks of medium size No. 7-10;
- swivel for creating removable equipment.
A bottom rod is useful for fishing on a feeder or other types of bottom rigs. When hunting for burbot we can use feeder, carp, spinning or fly rods, all of them are equally effective. From experience, we say that the most convenient rod is 3 m long, but here everything depends on habit.
Catching burbot in autumn on a feeder is best manifested during active biting throughout the night. For feeder gear, it is imperative to prepare bait in advance. Donka shows the same performance with the feeder, its only difference is that a sinker is installed instead of a feeder.
An even greater catch can bring a line, but its installation is complicated by a large number of leashes with hooks and lures. To the main line at a distance of 20-50 cm we attach leashes from a line of 0.2-0.4 mm with hooks No. 7-10. At the end, we mount a heavy load of 100 g and throw the tackle into the water.
Catching burbot in the fall on the bottom is a proven and versatile way to hunt burbot, it has a lot of undeniable advantages: A do-it-yourself snack involves the use of a large piece of fishing line wound around a reel, a sinker and baited hooks. If large live bait is used, sometimes you can refuse the sinker. It is important to understand correctly how to catch burbot, since the behavior of this predator is very different from the rest of the inhabitants of freshwater rivers. How to catch burbot in autumn:What is the advantage of bottom gear for catching burbot in autumn
A proven and versatile way to hunt burbot - catching burbot in the fall on the bottom Tactics and technique of catching burbot in autumn
In summer, when the water is too warm, it is almost impossible to catch burbot. Only in autumn, when the air temperature drops steadily, and the first frosts occur at night, you can count on its biting. Burbot is a cold-loving fish whose appetite wakes up closer to November. However, this does not mean at all that it is impossible to catch it in September or October. Burbot prefers to stay on a rocky bottom with clear water and an average current. Going to catch burbot, you must remember that the best time to hunt this predator is when the water temperature does not rise above 12-13 degrees. Otherwise, you can leave the reservoir empty-handed.
With the onset of autumn, burbot, like most fish species, begins to actively feed. Burbot parking can be found in the following places:
- next to boulders;
- among the flooded trees and snags;
- in areas with rocky bottom;
- at the exits from the riffles.
As bait, a mixture of ground fish, chopped worms and soil should be used. You can use both the earth collected from the molehills, and the soil from the bottom of the reservoir. All components are mixed in a wide container, then large balls are molded and thrown into the place of fishing. The more bait there is, the more effective the fishing will be. Unlike others predatory fish, burbot responds well to bait mixtures, and will readily swim to the smell of fish and worms.
Don't go fishing if it's sunny outside. It is better to wait for the cold, wind and rain. The less comfortable the fisherman feels on the pond, the freer and more active the burbot is. Catching burbot with one tackle is a tricky business. It is better to throw several donks into the depths, which will significantly increase the angler's chances of catching. It should be remembered that you do not have to sit and wait for a bite for a long time. If within an hour there was not a single approach of burbot, then it is necessary to collect gear and change the place of fishing.
Advice! It is necessary to throw gear into the water with different distances from the shore. So it will be easier to find a predator and determine what depth he prefers today. In some period of time, he can feed almost under the feet of the fisherman, and in some time, he can swim at a considerable distance.
Mid-autumn - the beginning of prolonged rains, weather changes for the worse, slush and wind, the first cold weather. However, the worse the weather, the more at ease the burbot feels. best time for catching burbot - rain with wind. Despite the fact that burbot does not particularly like to walk in the reservoir, it is not recommended to catch it without bait. But summer mixtures of plant components will not interest him.
The bait is the same as in September - crayfish meat, worms, frogs (if you manage to catch them in cold water), minnows and ruffs. Some anglers even advise before putting the fish on the hook, first crush it a little with the sole of the shoe in order to “bleed” the live bait fish. And they are somewhat right. After all, burbot has an excellent sense of smell and will be able to find the bait by its appetizing smell. He is unlikely to refuse to eat a wounded fish.
Most often in October, burbot is caught on. During the day they can be used to hunt for pike or pike perch, and in the late afternoon and night they can be “charged” with a favorite burbot delicacy -, or. This choice of live bait is not accidental. Burbot is a lazy fish. He will not chase a nimble crucian or perch, which, at the slightest danger, will try to escape into the upper layers of the water. But the minnow or goby will not do this, which is clearly in the "hand" of the only representative of freshwater cod breeds.
To find the parking lot of burbot, you will have to throw gear at different distances. Where the bite occurs, and should be caught in the future. It will also help to determine the parking lot of burbot. With it, it will be easier to detect pits, edges, depth differences. The biting of burbot continues until the reservoir is covered with ice. Then, some decrease in activity will begin, associated with the beginning of its spawning. If burbot is located near the shore, then it is necessary to observe maximum silence - do not stomp loudly, do not raise your voice, do not shout with neighbors, etc. If he suspects something is wrong, he can easily leave his favorite place, and no bait will make him return.
When biting a burbot, you should not rush to strike. Unlike other predators, he will not run away without looking back immediately after the prey is in his mouth. At first, burbot will spend a long time on the bait in one place until it is completely sucked in. And only after that he will begin to slowly sail away, pulling on the fishing line. It is at this moment that it is necessary to make a strong and sweeping sweep. But even if the angler missed the bite, it doesn’t matter - the burbot itself can be detected while moving.
A burst of burbot activity is observed from the moment the sun sets until two in the morning. Then a lull may begin, which will stop at five in the morning and will continue until sunrise. Burbot, due to its nocturnal lifestyle, does not see well, but it has an excellent sense of smell. He is able to find bait by smell. Therefore, it will not be superfluous to feed him in advance. Groundbait is prepared from minced fish mixed with soil. From the mixture, right on the fishing trip, large dense balls are formed, which should not break on the surface of the water, but must reach the bottom, where they form a fragrant pile, slowly washed away by the current. Bait - live bait, frozen fish, chicken intestines, a bunch of worms and other baits of animal origin.
Catching burbot in autumn on the river and reservoir
Burbot fishing on the Oka and Yenisei rivers
On the Oka, burbot is mainly caught on a donk without a rod. This is due to the fact that a gaping angler may simply not notice a bite, and a stubborn burbot will drag the rod into the river. Bait - live or frozen fish, but some fishermen use squid as bait, which burbot obviously do not mind eating.
Fishing for burbot in autumn is the most productive time for catching this mysterious and somewhat exotic fish for most of our anglers. But the non-standard behavior of this representative of the cod species of fish made burbot hunting the least popular view predator production in freshwater reservoirs, which is not entirely justified in terms of the availability and simplicity of the technology for catching it.
After all, catching a burbot in the fall, if the angler has knowledge of his habits and habitat, is not such a difficult task, but at the same time this process is both entertaining and quite interesting in terms of developing hunting strategies. How to catch burbot in late autumn, we will discuss in the material presented to the reader below.
This predator belongs to cold-loving fish species and its active behavior with intensive feeding begins with water cooling below 10–12 degrees. Fishing for burbot in autumn begins with a drop in average daily air temperatures to 5–8 degrees. With this fall, there is a rapid cooling of water bodies, which activates the predator preparing for spawning. At the end of October, the fish begins a gradual build-up of zhor, which will last until spawning, closer to the end of December. In contrast to the warm period of the year, in autumn, burbot begins to peck stably and in the waters of the entire reservoir, not focusing on cold springs and fast tributaries of rivers. Such an active autumn behavior of burbot makes it less cautious, which makes it possible to prey on various gear, from bottom to float rigs. Catching burbot in late autumn is considered to be the golden time of burbot fishing.
Finding a place to fish
Burbots lead a bottom way of life, spending most of it in a certain small water area of \u200b\u200bthe reservoir.
Important! The fish loves pebbly and rocky bottom bases with different depth levels, ranging from 1 to 15 meters. It needs clean and flowing waters to live.
Hence, major rivers one of the most promising habitats for this cod population. Small fish stay in small groups in the coastal zone, moving in search of food along the same route for a long period of time. In connection with this feature of the behavior of a predator, it is important for the angler to find the so-called burbot path, which will become a prey trajectory for installing gear. Large specimens, individuals over 1.5-2 kg, lead a hermitic lifestyle, taking a snag for shelter from a swift whirlpool or an underwater cold spring. The predator leads a purely nocturnal lifestyle, which must be taken into account when choosing a fishing strategy, even after finding a promising place.
What to catch burbot in autumn
The main food of freshwater cod is small fish hiding in the rocky topography of the reservoir. When choosing baits, the angler needs to focus only on the animal component of the bait and preferably with a distinct smell, and the ability to release blood or meat juice only favors a good bite. In continuation of the article, we will consider the main types of baits for burbot, which work effectively throughout the entire autumn season for the extraction of this fish.
Zywiec
The favorite delicacy of burbots is ruff. Despite its prickly fins, the predator most of all from live bait fish goes on the attack on this particular bait. Good fishing results are obtained by installing minnows and bleak. Recently, with the spread of gobies in the rivers, this species of demersal fish has also entered the diet of a predator and is successfully used by burrowers at stakes. Roach and small carp are also suitable for catching this fish, but with the least success compared to the previous options.
Important! Before, some anglers press down the fish to a state in which blood and meat juice begin to flow from it.
This technique helps with great success to attach the caught fish to the fishing point. For a predator, the intense movements of the prey are not as important as the specific smell of food is required. Most often, live bait is placed on a hook under the upper fin.
Dung or earthworms
Dung odorous worms are one of the most promising baits for burbot in autumn season. Earthworms are no less suitable for fishing, but they do not have such a concentrated smell. Predators also respond well to water worms, but due to the tenderness of the nozzle, its installation does not always work out, especially when fishing on currents. Worms under burbot hunting are used by selected ones, choosing large and frisky individuals.
Important! To rig a worm, hooks with a long forearm are used, baiting with a bunch of five, seven specimens, piercing the worm in the middle of its body length.
Pieces of fish meat
The sirloin of almost all types of fish, including sea fish, is suitable for bait.
Important! The cut sirloin, together with the skin, but without the scales, is cut into strips up to 10 cm long and 1–2 cm thick.
After the formation of the desired strips, the meat is placed in a glass jar for half a day and left at room temperature, allowing the product to release juice. For montages, one strip is used, putting it on a hook with a through puncture in the central part.
Frog
The burbot also pecks at the frog, which is caught right on the predator's habitat reservoir. Individuals of small and medium size with clean, tubercles-free skin are suitable for the nozzle. It is worth distinguishing and not confusing a frog with a toad.
Important! Before installation, the amphibian is pressed down, bleeding and immobilizing the bait.
On the hook, the frog is hooked by the thigh, piercing it through with a hook with a long forearm.
Other nozzles
Other, but promising plantings include chicken offal, including in this concept the intestines and liver of the animal cleaned of the contents. Good results are obtained by fishing for beef liver, previously soaked in the animal's blood. With the presence of mollusks such as toothless or barley in the reservoir, the meat of this local inhabitant can be successfully used as bait. A black long leech is also suitable for fishing, which must be crushed before installing the rig.
Groundbait for autumn burbot
To attach a predator to the place of catching, baiters have developed a technique for preparing special bait. Bait for burbot does not include vegetable components and is prepared from finely chopped fish meat or the liver of any animal. The cut product is left for 10–12 hours at room temperature until the juice begins to form and is subsequently mixed with sifted earthen soil. From the resulting mix, balls are prepared already on the reservoir, which are compressed, after moistening to a certain consistency, depending on the strength of the current of the reservoir.
Important! The thrown ball should reach the bottom and already there fall apart into components, forming a feeding spot.
A useful element of bait will be live maggot, added to the mixture just before the formation of balls.
How to catch burbot in autumn
Having decided on promising place, the very conduct of fishing is planned at night. The fish starts searching for prey in total darkness. At dusk and on clear moonlit nights, the fish are inactive.
Important! Predators develop the greatest activity during periods of unstable weather. Strong wind, rain and sudden changes in pressure stimulate the feeding activity of burbots.
The burbots feed from the bottom, therefore, the bait is placed on the bottom bases or at a distance of no more than 5 cm from it. On the shores in the immediate places of fishing, fires are not burned, this stimulates the departure of fish. They try to make as little noise as possible and move along the coast only as needed.. The biting of a burbot looks like a single jerk followed by a signaling device fading. If after ten minutes there are no repeated pulls, then the bait should be checked and most likely there will already be a positive result. Undercuts are not required, predators, having taken a nozzle, hide and can spend a long time without moving in one place. Usually, best strategies fishing is an hourly tackle check, regardless of the presence of a bite.
Important! Any bite ends with a deep swallow of the bait, so it is necessary to have an extractor and pre-prepared spare leashes.
Tackle for burbot in autumn
Pre-winter activity of a predator provides opportunities for fishing various types bottom gear. Starting from the classic version of the donkey-gum and ending with the equipment of spinning and feeder rods with bottom mounts, bastards lead a successful and prey hunt. The equipment is not distinguished by particular subtlety and delicacy, since the burbot swallows the bait on the move without spilling, and the basis for the bite is only a competent and accurate installation of the bait on the fish path. Making tackle for catching burbot with your own hands is quite simple and inexpensive. About some popular and simple ways let's talk in more detail.
Burbot - is a rather peculiar prey for anglers. Given the fact that this representative of the cod family lives only in freshwater reservoirs, his habits are very different from representatives of other families. This representative of the cod-like order is active in life exclusively in cold waters. At water temperatures above 15 degrees, burbot becomes inactive and practically does not feed. Therefore, it is almost impossible to catch this fish in summer.advert_dir
The period of active burbot fishing begins in the second half of October and lasts until the beginning of April. In many ways, this period depends on weather conditions, early winter or late spring can extend it a little.
Burbot fishing spots
As strange as it may seem, but smaller river, the more likely it is to find a habitat for large burbot in it. In small, clean and fast rivers, worthy trophies are very often found. Firstly, in these rivers, the water temperature becomes much faster than in large reservoirs, and secondly, given the small size of the reservoir, it is easier to examine it.
Most often on the river burbot is caught in the following places:
- stone mounds of artificial and natural origin;
- coastal zones with a barbed bottom or near trees that have fallen into the water;
- deep places of drops of a fast and calm current;
- stone spit near pools and pits.
The autumn activity of burbot in these places is explained very simply. As the water temperature drops, small fish try to move to quieter places so as not to fight the current, and the burbot that wakes up after summer hibernation begins to actively feed on it.
But, even knowing well the bottom topography and habitats of burbot, it is necessary to spend some time to search for it. Most often, several donoks are thrown at different distances from the shore and the entire intended area of \u200b\u200bfish habitat is gradually caught.
In the daytime, even at great depths, medium-sized specimens are most often found, and only with the advent of darkness can one catch decent prey.
Night fishing for burbot
Unlike the bulk of fish, burbot shows increased activity in inclement weather. Strong wind, rain, night frosts are the ideal time for burbot fishing. Larger fish show their activity mainly with the arrival of night frosts.
Experienced anglers claim that burbot almost never change their fishing paths. So if the fisherman managed to find such a path, then he will not be left without prey.
The tactics of night fishing is very simple. In a pre-selected place, 5-7 donoks are thrown at different distances from the shore. Donkeys need to be equipped with a heavy load, which will not allow the bait to move and wait for the first bite. After a few fish are caught, the route of its movement will also be clarified. Donkeys, on which there was no bite, are removed and fishing is carried out on 1-2 donkeys that fell on the burbot's movement route. The first casting of gear is done in the evening, the condition of the bait is checked after 30-40 minutes. The time for catching burbot is mainly before 2.00 and before dawn. In the morning, gear can be safely rolled up. Further hunting for burbot will not bring a positive result.
Listen to the advice of experienced anglers, try your methods and draw the necessary conclusions. With this approach, you will not be left without a catch.
Especially for- Eugene
