GOST 29096-91
(ISO 4210-89)

Group D32

STATE STANDARD OF THE UNION OF THE SSR

BIKES

Bicycle safety requirements

cycles.
Safety requirements of bicycles

OKP 45 2910

Introduction date 1993-01-01

INFORMATION DATA

1. DEVELOPED AND INTRODUCED by the Ministry of Automobile and Agricultural Engineering of the USSR

DEVELOPERS

L.A.Bobovnikov, E.A.Orlova (theme leader), Yu.O.Girsh, S.A.Novikov, L.V.Vakula, A.V.Sklyarov

2. APPROVED AND INTRODUCED BY Decree of the Committee for Standardization and Metrology of the USSR dated 04.09.91 N 1420

This standard has been prepared by direct application of the international standard ISO 4210-89 "Bicycles - Safety requirements" and is fully consistent with it.

3. Periodicity of inspection - 5 years

4. REFERENCE REGULATIONS AND TECHNICAL DOCUMENTS

	Designation of the corresponding standard	Designation of the domestic normative technical document to which the link is given
	ISO 1101/11-74
	ISO 6742/1-85
2.12.2.2, 2.12.2.3.1, 2.12.2.4, 2.12.2.5	ISO 6742/2-85

1. GENERAL

1.1. Application area

This standard applies to road bicycles for adults and adolescents, sports and touring, intended for use on public roads, with an adjustable saddle height of 635 mm or more.

The standard contains requirements for safety, performance in the design, assembly and testing of bicycles and components, as well as the basis for the development of instructions for use and care for them.

The standard does not apply to bicycles of special types, including cargo, tandems, as well as bicycles designed and equipped for special competitions.

The text of the direct application of ISO 4210 is typed in roman type, the text of additions reflecting the needs of the national economy is typed in italics.

The requirements of this standard are mandatory.

1.2. Definitions

The following definitions are used in this standard:

1.2.1. Bicycles - a vehicle that has at least two wheels and moves solely through the muscular energy of the person on it with the help of pedals.

1.2.2 Bicycle.

1.2.3. A cargo bike is a bike designed primarily for the transport of goods.

1.2.4. Tandem - a bicycle with saddles for two or more cyclists located one behind the other.

1.2.5. Saddle height - the distance between the road surface and top saddle, measured from the center of the saddle bearing surface perpendicular to the road surface with the bicycle upright.

1.2.6. Stopping distance - the distance traveled by a bicycle before it comes to a stop from the moment the brakes are applied.

1.2.7. Stopping distance - the sum of the braking distance and the distance traveled by the bicycle since the start of the cyclist's reaction.

1.2.8. Bicycle step - the distance traveled by a bicycle in one revolution of the cranks.

1.2.9. Open protrusion - a protrusion with which the middle part of the 75 mm side surface of a cylinder 250 mm long and 83 mm in diameter can come into contact, imitating a limb (Fig. 1).

Cylinder for detecting open projection

Dimensions, mm

1.2.10. Support surface (pedals) - the surface of the pedal that is in contact with the sole and is resistant to slip.

2. REQUIREMENTS FOR NODES

2.1. General

2.1.1. sharp edges

Protruding edges that may come into contact with the hands, feet and other parts of the cyclist's body during riding, adjusting and maintaining the bicycle must not be sharp.

2.1.2. ledges

Any exposed protrusion exceeding 8 mm in length after assembly shall have a radius of curvature of at least 6.3 mm. The end of such an open protrusion shall have a larger end dimension of at least 12.7 mm and a smaller end dimension of at least 3.2 mm.

There must be no protrusions on the top tube of the bicycle frame between the saddle and a point 300 mm forward of the saddle, except for control cables attached to the top tube with a diameter of not more than 6.4 mm and cable clamps made of material not more than 4.8 thick. mm.

A thread protruding from a mating part with an internal thread and representing an open protrusion (clause 1.2.9) must not exceed one outer diameter of the thread in length.

2.2. brakes

2.2.1. Brake system

The bicycle must be equipped with a brake system or systems that meet the requirements of clause 2.2.5. If there is one brake system it should affect rear wheel, in the presence of two brake systems - one of them must act on the front wheel, and the other on the rear

2.2.2. Hand brake

2.2.2.1. Brake lever position

The handles for the front and rear brakes must be located on the handlebar side of the country in which the bicycles are used.

2.2.2.2. Brake handle dimensions

The maximum dimension (Fig. 2) between the outer surfaces of the brake handle and the steering wheel or handlebar must be no more than 90 mm in the area between the points and and 100 mm between the points and .

Brake handle dimensions

Dimensions, mm

Damn.2

2.2.2.3. Cable Brake Assembly

If the bicycle is equipped with any type of cable-actuated brakes, then the screws for attaching them to the frame or fork must be provided with appropriate locking devices, for example spring washers, lock or self-locking nuts.

The brake system must work without jamming.

The cable pinch bolt must not cut through any of the cable wires when assembling it in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

2.2.2.4. Brake Shoe Assembly

The friction brake shoe must be securely fastened to the support bracket or holder; when tested according to clause 4.1, there should be no malfunctions in the friction shoe assembly. After carrying out the tests according to clause 4.1, the brake system shall meet the performance requirements of the brakes according to clauses 2.2.5.1 and 2.2.5.2.

2.2.2.5. Brake adjustment

The brakes shall be adjustable to maintain their effective working condition until the brake pads have worn to the extent recommended by the manufacturer to require replacement.

When properly adjusted, the brake pad should not come into contact with anything other than the braking surface.

2.2.3. foot brake

The brake must be actuated by the cyclist's foot by applying force to the pedal in the opposite direction of the driving force. The brake mechanism must operate regardless of the position of the actuator or adjustment. The maximum angle between the positions of the connecting rod during movement and braking should be no more than 60 °. The angle is measured by applying a torque of 14 Nm to the connecting rod in its extreme positions.

2.2.4. Brake strength

2.2.4.1. Hand brake

When tested according to clause 4.2.1, there should be no malfunction of the brake system or any of its elements.

2.2.4.2. foot brake

When tested according to clause 4.2.2. there should be no malfunction of the brake system or any of its elements.

2.2.5. Braking conditions

2.2.5.1.

When tested according to clause 4.3:

a bicycle moving at a speed of 24 km / h and having a step of 5 m or more in the highest gear must stop smoothly and safely after a distance of 5.5 m;

A bicycle moving at 16 km/h and having a stride of less than 5 m in the highest gear must stop smoothly and safely after a distance of 5.5 m.

Note. The stopping distance of 5.5 m includes both human response error and instrumentation error and may be revised in the light of experience with testing.

2.2.5.2.

When tested according to paragraph 4.3, a bicycle moving at a speed of 16 km/h shall stop smoothly and safely after a distance of 15 m.

2.2.5.3. Dependence of the braking force on the force on the pedal in the foot brake

When tested according to 4.4, the braking force shall be directly proportional (±20%) to the pedal force of 90 to 300 N, and for a pedal force of 300 N shall be at least 150 N.

2.3. Steering

2.3.1. Steering wheel

The total width of the steering wheel should be 350-700 mm. The vertical distance between the upper part of the handlebars, which are in the highest position, and the bearing surface of the saddle, which is in its lowest position, must be no more than 400 m.

The ends of the rudders must be provided with handles or plugs that can withstand a tightening force of 70 N.

2.3.2. Rudder stem

The rudder stem must have a permanent mark that clearly defines the minimum depth of insertion into the fork stem to guarantee the minimum insertion depth.

The insertion mark or insertion depth must be located at a distance of at least 2.5 rod diameters from its lower end, and below the mark there must be a section of the cylindrical body of the rod with a length equal to at least one rod diameter. The input mark must not reduce the strength of the rudder stem.

2.3.3. Stud Bolt for Rudder Stem

The minimum breaking torque of the bolt shall be at least 50% greater than the maximum tightening torque specified by the manufacturer.

2.3.4. Steering stability

Properly adjusted steering should freely turn without jamming and play in the bearings in both directions from the straight ahead position by at least 60 °.

At least 25% of the total mass of the bicycle and cyclist must be on the front wheel, provided that the position of the saddle and handlebars allows the cyclist, who is in the saddle and holding on to the handles, to move as far back as possible.

Recommendations for steering geometry are given in Appendix B.

2.3.5. Steering unit strength

The rudder stem shall withstand without failure the tests of 4.5.1.1 and 4.5.1.2.

When tested according to clause 4.5.2, there should be no movement of the rudder relative to the rod.

When tested according to clause 4.5.3, there shall be no movement of the steering stem relative to the fork stem more than the gaps between the contacting surfaces allow. Such movement should not exceed 5°.

2.4. Frame-fork assembly

2.4.1. Impact test (drop mass)

When tested according to clause 4.6.1, there should be no visible cracks, and the permanent deformation of the assembly, measured between the axes of the fork tips and the frame, should not exceed 40 mm.

2.4 2. Impact test (falling frame-fork assembly)

When tested according to 4.6.2, there shall be no visible cracks.

2.5. front fork

The grooves or other means of accommodating the front axle within the front fork shall be such that, with the axle or cones firmly attached to the top surface of the grooves, the front wheel remains in the plane of symmetry of the fork.

2.6. wheels

2.6.1. Rotation accuracy

This parameter is determined according to GOST 24643 during rotation within the allowable runout (axial). The run-out tolerances given below contain the maximum allowable change in rim position (i.e. full indicator reading) of a fully assembled wheel during one complete revolution around the fixed axle.

2.6.1.1. Radial runout tolerance

For bicycles fitted with rim brakes, runout shall not exceed 2 mm when measured perpendicular to the axle from a specified point on the rim.

2.6.1.2. Runout tolerance

For bicycles fitted with rim brakes, runout shall not exceed 2 mm when measured along a line drawn parallel to the axis from a specified point on the rim.

For bicycles not equipped with rim brakes, the runout must not exceed 4 mm.

2.6.2. Gap

The installation of the wheel assembly on the bicycle must be carried out so that the gap between the tire and any part of the frame and fork is at least 2 mm.

2.6.3.

When testing a fully assembled wheel according to 4.7, no part of the wheel shall be damaged, and the permanent deformation, measured at the point of application of the force on the rim, shall not exceed 1.5 mm.

2.6.4. Wheel mounting

The wheels must be secured to the bicycle frame with a positive locking device and tightened in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

2.6.4.1. Front wheel mount

There shall be no relative movement between the axle and the front fork when a force of 500 N is applied for 30 s symmetrically to the axis in the direction of wheel movement.

2.6.4.2. Rear wheel mount

There should be no relative movement between the axle and the frame when a force of 1780 N is applied for 30 s symmetrically to the axis in the direction of wheel movement.

2.7. Tires and tubes

2.7.1. Internal pressure

The maximum inflation pressure recommended by the manufacturer shall be molded on the side of the tire so that it is easily visible on the assembled tire and wheel.

This requirement does not apply to solid tires.

2.7.2. Tire and rim matching

The tire and tube must match the design of the rim. When inflated to 110% of the recommended inflation pressure, the tire must remain undamaged on the rim for at least 5 minutes.

2.8. Pedals and Pedal-Crank Drive System

2.8.1. Pedal bearing surface

2.8.1.1. The design of the pedal must ensure the immobility of the supporting surface relative to the pedal body.

2.8.1.2. Pedals intended to be used without toe clips, or with the optional use of toe clips, must have:

a) bearing surfaces on the lower and upper sides of the pedal, or

b) the preferred position, which automatically determines the supporting surface for the cyclist's foot.

2.8.1.3. Pedals intended for use with toe clips only must have securely fastened toe clips and may not comply with the requirements of 2.8.1.2.

2.8.2. Pedal clearance

2.8.2.1. Gap between pedal and ground

Not a single part of the pedal, located in the very lowest point and whose bearing surface is parallel to the ground (on top in the case where there is only one bearing surface) must not touch the ground when the unladen bicycle is deviated from the vertical by 25°.

If the bicycle is equipped with a shock absorber, the measurement must be carried out at such pressure as can be exerted by a cyclist weighing 85 kg.

2.8.2.2. Clearance between pedal and tire

For bicycles not fitted with a leg attachment device (such as toe clips), the clearance between the pedal and the front tire or front wheel guard (when rotated in any position) must be at least 89 mm. The clearance must be measured from the center of any pedal to an arc described by the tire or shield parallel to the plane of symmetry of the bicycle (Figure 3).

Clearance between pedal and tire

1 - bicycle pedal; 2 - tire; 3 - wheel guard

If the front fork of the bicycle has parts for mounting the front shield, the clearance must be measured from the appropriately installed shield.

2.8.3.

When tested according to clause 4.8.1, there should be no visible cracks in any of the parts of the drive, and its performance should not be lost.

2.8.4.

When tested according to 4.8.2, there shall be no visible cracks in the pedal or crank threads.

2.9. Saddle

2.9.1. Restrictive dimensions

No part of the saddle, saddle supports or accessories applied to the saddle shall rise more than 125 mm above its surface at the point of its intersection with the axis of the saddle post.

2.9.2. saddle post

The saddle post must be permanently marked to clearly define the minimum insertion depth into the frame. This mark must be located at a distance equal to at least two diameters of the saddle post, measured from its end, and should not reduce the strength of the saddle post.

2.9.3. Saddle lock adjustment

When tested according to 4.9, there shall be no movement in the seat lock in any direction relative to the saddle post or saddle post relative to the frame.

Saddles that do not have locks, but are designed to rotate in a vertical plane relative to the saddle post, must move freely within the specified parameters and withstand the tests of clause 4.9 without damage.

2.10. Chain

Using chain drive as a means of transmitting driving force, the chain must run on the front and rear sprocket without binding.

The chain must withstand a minimum breaking load of 8010 N.

2.11. Chain guard

The bicycle must be equipped with a protective device that covers the upper point of contact between the chain and the drive sprocket from clothing and body parts. The device must close the chain at least 25 mm, measured to the point of engagement with the drive sprocket.

2.12. Lighting equipment and reflectors

2.12.1. Lighting

2.12.1.1. Lighting system

Equipped with headlight and taillight or complete system illumination is not a requirement of this standard. However, if such equipment is installed, it must comply with the laws of the country in which the bicycles are used; in the absence of such legislation, it must comply with the requirements of GOST 20961 and regulatory and technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner.

2.12.1.2. Wiring

If electrical wiring is installed, it must be kept away from moving parts or sharp edges to avoid damage. All connections must withstand a tensile force of 10 N in any direction.

2.12.2. Reflectors

2.12.2.1. General requirements

Reflectors must be installed so as to comply with the following requirements, unless they are contrary to the laws of the country in which the bicycle is used.

2.12.2.2. Rear reflectors

Bicycles equipped with a rear light in accordance with clause 2.12.1 must be additionally equipped with a rear wide-angle or conventional retroreflector that meets the requirements of GOST 20961. Bicycles without such a rear light must be fitted with a wide angle reflector. Rear reflectors must be red.

2.12.2.3. Side reflectors

Bicycles must be equipped with two side reflectors, each of which is clearly visible from both sides.

Retroreflectors must have one of the following shapes:

a) wide-angle retroreflectors installed in the front and rear of the bike. One of them must be mounted on the spokes of the wheel. If the rear wheel of the bicycle has other parts than the frame posts and the wheel guard, then a removable retroreflector is installed on the front wheel or

b) a continuous strip of reflective material fixed on both sides of each wheel at a distance of 10 cm from the outer diameter of the tire.

2.12.2.3.1. Wide-angle reflectors must comply with the requirements of GOST 20961.

2.12.2.3.2. All side reflectors must be of the same color: pure white or yellow.

2.12.2.4. Front reflectors

Bicycles equipped with a headlight in accordance with 2.12.1 may not have a front reflector. Bicycles that do not have such a headlight must be equipped with a wide-angle reflector that meets the requirements of GOST 20961. Front reflectors must be pure white.

2.12.2.5. Pedal reflectors

Each pedal must have reflectors that meet the requirements of GOST 20961, located on the front and rear surfaces pedals. Reflective elements may be integral with the pedal structure or mechanically fixed, but must be sufficiently removed from the edge of the pedal or recessed into the body of the retroreflector to prevent contact of the reflective element with a flat surface in contact with the edge of the pedal. Pedal reflectors must be yellow.

2.13. signaling device

The bicycle may be fitted with a bell or other suitable audible warning device and if fitted must comply with the relevant legislation of the country in which the bicycles are used.

2.14. Instructions

Each bicycle must be accompanied by an instruction manual containing the following information:

a) preparation for riding - how to measure and adjust the height of the saddle and handlebars in relation to the cyclist, taking into account the limit marks on the saddle post and handlebar stem;

c) lubrication - where and how often to lubricate - and recommended lubrication;

d) correct chain tension, how to adjust it;

f) adjusting the sprockets;

g) spare parts;

h) accessories - where they are proposed to be installed, issues such as operation and mandatory maintenance, as well as necessary spare parts;

i) recommendation for safe driving - regular checks of brakes, tires, steering and lighting equipment, a warning about limiting the braking distance in rainy weather.

Any other necessary information may be included upon agreement with the manufacturer.

3. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE BIKE ASSEMBLY

3.1. road test

When testing according to clause 4.10, there should be no malfunctions in systems and assemblies, as well as weakening or misalignment of the saddle, steering wheel, control, retroreflectors.

The bicycle must be stable when cornering and while driving and provide the possibility of easy and safe control for the driver with one hand (when giving signals - with the second).

4. TEST METHODS

4.1. Brake shoe test

The test is carried out on a fully assembled bicycle with brakes adjusted, with a rider of 70 kg or equivalent weight on the saddle. Each brake lever shall be actuated with a force of 180 N maintained during the test.

After that, the bike must be rolled five times forward and five times back, each time for a distance of at least 75 mm.

4.2. Brake system load test

4.2.1. Hand brake

The test is carried out on a fully assembled bicycle. After verifying the correct adjustment of the brake system, a force of 450 N or less must be applied to the brake handle at a point 25 mm from its end, perpendicular to the handlebar in the plane of movement of the handle, as shown in Fig. 4, resulting in:

a cable-actuated brake handle in contact with the handlebar or with the handlebar in the absence of a handle;

elongated double-acting brake handle with cable drive to the level of the upper surface of the steering wheel or in contact with it;

rod-actuated brake lever to the level of the top surface of the handlebar.

Applied loads on handbrake levers

The test shall be repeated a total of ten times for each brake lever.

4.2.2. foot brake

The test is carried out on a fully assembled bicycle. After checking the correct adjustment of the brake system and installing the connecting rods in a horizontal position (as shown in Fig. 5), a force must be applied to the center of the axis of the left pedal. This force shall be 1500 N and shall be applied gradually in the vertical direction over 15 s.

Foot brake test

1 - left connecting rod; 2 - load application point; 3 - pedal; 4 - applied load, 5 - chain; 6 - driven sprocket;
7 - left connecting rod; 8 - drive sprocket and connecting rod

The test must be repeated a total of ten times.

4.3. Brake performance test

Unless otherwise stated, these requirements apply to tests under both dry and wet conditions.

4.3.1. Trial bike

The tests are carried out on a fully assembled bicycle after testing the brake system with a load according to clause 4.2. If necessary, the brakes must be adjusted and the tires inflated to the recommended pressure indicated on them.

4.3.2. test track

4.3.2.1. If possible, the test track should be indoors. In case of using an open track Special attention must be given to ambient conditions during the entire test period.

4.3.2.2. The slope of the track must not exceed 0.5%.

With a slope of less than 0.2%, all races are carried out in one direction.

With a slope of 0.2 to 0.5%, wet tests are carried out in opposite directions.

4.3.2.3. The surface must be solid (concrete or asphalt), free of dust and fine gravel. The minimum coefficient of friction between the dry surface and the tire should be 0.5.

4.3.2.4. The track must have a timing device that can accurately determine the speed at the start of braking. The error of the device should not exceed 2%.

4.3.2.5. By the beginning of the test, the track must be dry. When tested according to clause 2.2.5.1, it must remain dry during the entire test period.

4.3.2.6. During the test, the wind speed on the track must not exceed 3 m/s.

4.3.3. Control and measuring devices and instruments

The bicycle under test shall be equipped with the following test devices and instruments.

4.3.3.1. Calibrated speedometer or tachometer with 5% accuracy to determine the approximate speed of the bike at the start of the test run.

4.3.3.2. Marking device for determining the beginning of the braking distance. Each braking system shall be provided with such a separate marking device and actuated by the hand brake handle or foot brake connecting rod. Each system shall operate so as to leave marks on the test surface within 0.025 s from the moment the handle or connecting rod begins to move during braking. Both marking devices must be located in the same transverse plane of the bicycle.

4.3.3.3. A stop mounted on the handlebar to limit the force applied to the brake handle. This also applies to the long handle (section 4.3.5).

4.3.3.4. Water spray system for wetting the braking surface, consisting of a water tank connected by pipes to two pairs of nozzles on the front and rear wheels. The quick on/off valve must be installed so that it can be operated by the cyclist. Each nozzle must supply a stream of water at a speed of at least 4 ml / s. Distilled water is used at ambient temperature.

The location and direction of the nozzles for the caliper, drum, band, disc and foot brakes are shown in Fig. 6-11.

Water pipes for caliper brake (front)

1 - pipe for water; 2 - front tee; 3 - bicycle fork; 4 - bicycle caliper brake;
5 - bicycle wheel rim; 6 - direction of rotation of the wheel

Water pipes for caliper brake (rear)

1 - pipe for water; 2 - rear tee; 3 - bicycle frame;
4 - rear caliper brake; 5 - bicycle wheel rim;
6 - direction of rotation

Water connections for internal expansion brake (front and rear)

Water connections for band brake

Dimensions, mm

1 - direction of rotation of the wheel; 2 - pipe for water;
3 - bicycle frame; 4 - rear tee; 5 - band brake; 6 - rear bushing

Water pipes for disc brake (rear)

1 - direction of rotation of the wheel; 2 - bicycle frame; 3 - brake disc; 4 - rear tee;
5 - disc brake clamp; 6 - pipe for water; 7 - rear bushing

Water connections for foot brake

1 - direction of rotation of the wheel; 2 - bicycle frame; 3 - rear tee; 4 - pipe for water; 5 - brake sleeve

Note. The water connection should be directed to the bushing inlet on both sides.

4.3.4. Mass of the cyclist

The total weight of the cyclist and control devices on the bike must be 70-85 kg. If there are two separate braking systems for a mass over 70 kg, the braking distance may be increased at the rate of 0.011 m per 1 kg of mass. If the brake system consists only of a foot brake, this correction is not carried out.

4.3.5. Force applied to the brakes

Bicycles with hand brakes shall be tested with a hand grip force not exceeding 180 N. The grip force shall be applied at a point 25 mm from the end of the handle as shown in Fig. 4. To check the reliability of the load on the handle, the control must be carried out before and after each series of test runs.

There is no limit to the force applied to the pedal with the foot brake.

4.3.6. Test method

4.3.6.1. Test runs in dry conditions

When the set speed is reached, the cyclist must stop pedaling immediately before passing the timing device and apply the brakes immediately after. The bike must stop smoothly and safely. The braking distance must be measured from the first mark to the marking device.

4.3.6.2. Test runs in wet conditions

The method according to clause 4.3.6.1 is applied. Wetting of the brake system begins at least 25 m and ends no more than 15 m before applying the brakes.

4.3.6.3. Number of valid test runs

With a track slope of less than 0.2%, the following runs must be made:

a) five consecutive valid runs in dry conditions;

b) two runs for acclimatization in wet conditions (results are not recorded);

c) five consecutive valid runs in wet conditions.

With a track slope of 0.2 to 0.5%, the following runs must be made:

d) five consecutive reliable runs in dry conditions;

e) two runs for acclimatization in wet conditions (results are not recorded);

e) ten consecutive valid runs in wet conditions. Races alternate in opposite directions.

Between subsequent races, a pause of no more than 3 minutes can be made.

4.3.7. Speed-distance correction factor

A correction factor is applied to the measured stopping distance if the speed monitored by the timing device does not match the speed calculated in 2.2.5.

The refined stopping distance () in meters is calculated by the formula

where is the measured stopping distance, m;

- set speed tests, km/h;

- measured test speed, km/h.

4.3.8. Reliability of test runs

a) a strong skid to the side;

b) loss of control.

Note. It is not always possible to completely avoid skidding the rear wheel when using some brake systems. However, this is considered acceptable if it does not lead to the consequences listed in listings a) and b).

4.3.8.2. If the specified braking distance exceeds the specified one, the test runs may be recognized as unreliable if:

a) the initial speed of the test is 1.5 km/h more than the specified one;

b) the entry of the front brake into action after the rear, as indicated by the marks;

c) the distance between the marks for the front and rear brakes is more than 1 m, measured along the track surface;

d) a series of braking distances repeatedly exceeding a predetermined limit after test runs with a strong side skid or loss of control.

Note. Since the front brake accounts for the largest percentage of lag in ongoing braking tests, it is important that it be applied first to maximize the available braking force and also that there is minimal delay in applying the rear brake.

4.3.8.3. If the specified braking distance is less than the specified one, then the test runs must be recognized as unreliable when:

a) the initial test speed is 1.5 km/h less than the specified one;

b) the distance between the speed fixing point and the mark for the rear brake is more than 2 m, measured along the track surface.

If the adjusted stopping distance exceeds that specified in clause 2.2.5, then the test runs are considered reliable.

4.3.9. Test results

4.3.9.1. Dry braking

The test result should be the average value of the adjusted braking distances (clause 4.3.7) of the test runs according to clause 4.3.6.3 of listing a), d).

In accordance with the requirements of paragraph 2.2.5.1 above, the values ​​given must not exceed the sum of the braking distance specified in paragraph 2.2.5.1 and the path allowed for mass, as specified in paragraph 4.3.4.

4.3.9.2. Wet braking

The test result must be the average value of the adjusted braking distances (clause 4.3.7) of the test runs according to clause 4.3.6.3 of listing c), e).

In accordance with the requirements of paragraph 2.2.5.2, the above values ​​must not exceed the sum of the braking distance specified in paragraph 2.2.5.2 and the path allowed for mass, as specified in paragraph 4.3.4.

4.4. Testing the dependence of the braking force on the force on the pedal in the foot brake

The test is carried out on a fully assembled bicycle. The effectiveness of the braking force of the foot brake is measured tangential to the circumference of the rear tire as it rotates in the forward direction, while a force of 90 to 300 N is applied to the pedal at right angles to the crank and in the braking direction.

The determination of the braking force is carried out with uniform traction and after one revolution of the wheel. At least 5 results with different pedal force must be selected. Each result must be the average of three separate measurements for the same force value.

The results shall be plotted showing the "optimal straight line" and the ±20% tolerance lines obtained by the "least squares" method described in Annex A.

4.5. Steering assembly test

4.5.1. Rudder stem

4.5.1.1. Torsion test

The rudder rod, securely fixed in the jig at the minimum insertion depth (2.3.2) and firmly assembled with the test shaft or rudder, shall be subjected to a torque of 108 Nm through the test shaft in a plane parallel to the rod in the direction its axis, as shown in Fig.12.

Rudder bar torsion test

1 - rod; 2 - test shaft; 3 - the center of the connection; 4 - clamping device; 5 - minimum insertion depth

Devil 12

4.5.1.2. Static load test

A force of 2000 N in the forward direction at an angle of 45° from the axis of the rod, as shown in Fig. 13, must be applied to the rudder rod, securely fixed in the fixture at the minimum insertion depth (clause 2.3.2) at the rudder attachment point.

Rudder bar static load test

1 - minimum insertion depth; 2 - clamping device;
3 - rudder or test shaft

Damn.13

4.5.2. Rudder and bar torsion test

A force of 220 N shall be applied to the rod assembly with the rudder, securely fixed in the device at the minimum insertion depth, simultaneously from each side of the rudder in such a direction and place as to create the maximum torque in the connection of the rudder with the rod. If this place is at the end of the rudder, then the force should be applied as close as possible to the end, in any case at a distance not further than 15 mm from the end (Fig. 14).

Note. Depending on the shape of the steering wheel, the direction of the applied loads may differ from that shown in Fig. 14.

Torsion test of rudder-rod assembly

1 - clamping block; 2 - minimum insertion depth

If the rudder-stem assembly is attached with a shackle, the torque applied to the fastener should not exceed that recommended for that type of fastener.

4.5.3. Torsion test of handlebar stem and fork stem

The handlebar stem, correctly assembled with the frame and fork stem and secured with a pull bolt in accordance with the Manufacturer's Instructions, must be subjected to a torque of 25 Nm in the handlebar-fork clamp as shown in Fig. 15.

Handlebar-fork clamping torsion test

1 - fork and frame assembly; 2 - test shaft; 3 - tightening bolt

Damn.15

4.6. Frame-Fork Impact Test

4.6.1. Mass drop test

The test is carried out on the frame assembly with the fork.

If the frame of a bicycle intended for men can be converted to a bicycle frame intended for women by removing the top tube of the frame, the test is carried out with the top tube removed.

The distance between the central axes must be measured. A low mass roller must be assembled on the front fork, and the frame-fork assembly is mounted vertically and fixed in a rigid jig using the rear axle, as shown in Fig. 16.

Impact test (drop mass)

Dimensions, mm

1 - roller with low weight 1 kg max.; 2 - rigid installation for mounting the rear axle

Devil 16

A 22.5 kg load must be dropped vertically from a height of 180 mm so that it strikes the low mass roller at a point on the wheel center line in the opposite direction of the fork tilt.

4.6.2. Fork drop test

The test is carried out on the frame-fork-roller assembly used for the test of 4.6.1.

The unit must be installed in the place where the rear axle is attached so that it can freely rotate around it in a vertical plane. The front fork must rest on a flat steel plate so that the frame is in working position when it is in use. A weight of 70 kg must be securely attached to the saddle post so that its center of gravity lies on the axis of the saddle post at a distance of 75 mm from the end of the seat tube when measured along the axis of the seat tube. The unit must be rotated around the rear axle so that the center of gravity of the 70 kg load is vertically above the rear axle, after which it is allowed to fall freely, hitting the plate (Fig. 17).

Impact test (falling frame-fork assembly)

1 - vertical position of the load above the rear axle;

70 kg; 3 - steel plate

Damn.17

The test must be repeated twice.

4.7. Static load test (wheel)

A force of 178 N must be applied to the wheel, respectively installed and fixed in the position as shown in Fig. 18, at one point of the rim perpendicular to the plane of the wheel. The force must be applied only once for a duration of 1 min.

If the wheel hub is misaligned, the force must be applied in the direction of the misalignment (as shown in Fig. 18).

Wheel Static Load Test

1 - wheel assembly; 2 - drive sprocket;
3 - clamping device

Damn.18

4.8. Pedal test

4.8.1. Drive system static load test

The test is carried out on an assembly including the pedal frame, the drive system, the rear wheel assembly and, if necessary, the shift mechanism. The frame is supported so that the plane of symmetry is vertical, and the rear wheel is fixed to the rim to ensure its immobility.

4.8.1.1. Single speed system

4.8.1.1.1. To the left connecting rod located in the front horizontal position, a vertical downward force of 1500 N should be gradually applied to the center of the left pedal.

The force must be maintained for 15 s.

If the system fails or the drive sprockets are fixed so that the connecting rod rotates under load to a position more than 30° below horizontal, then the connecting rod shall be returned to horizontal or some suitable position above horizontal, taking into account that the system failed, and the test must be repeated.

4.8.1.1.2. After completing the test of 4.8.1.1.1, the test shall be repeated with the right crank arm in the forward horizontal position and with the load applied to the center of the right pedal.

4.8.1.2. Multi-speed system

4.8.1.2.1. The test of 4.8.1.1.1 is carried out with the drive correctly adjusted to the highest gear.

4.8.1.2.2. The test of 4.8.1.1.2 is carried out with the drive in low gear properly adjusted.

4.8.2. Dynamic test of the pedal-crank system

With the appropriate parts of a pair of connecting rods securely fitted to the test shaft, a pair of pedals is assembled. To each pedal through a spring, in order to reduce load fluctuations, a load with a total mass of 50 kg should be suspended, as shown in Fig. 19. The shaft should rotate for approximately 100 minutes with a total of 1,000,000 revolutions. After 500,000 revolutions, the pedals must be rotated 180° if they are equipped with two bearing surfaces.

Dynamic testing of the pedal-crank assembly

1 - part of the connecting rod connected to the test shaft; 2 - left pedal; 3 - clearance for the pedal axis; 4 - test shaft; 5 - right pedal; 6 - total weight 50 kg

Damn.19

4.9. Static load test (seat and post)

A saddle, correctly assembled with the saddle post and frame, and tightened in the seat clamp to the recommended torque for such fastening, must be subjected to a vertically downward force of at least 668 N at a point 25 mm from the front or rear ends of the saddle, whichever , where the greatest torque will be obtained in the seat lock. After removing this force, a force of 222 N should be applied horizontally at a point 25 mm from the front or rear ends of the saddle, depending on where the most torque in the seat clamp will be obtained.

4.10. road test

Each bicycle selected for road testing must first be inspected and, if necessary, adjusted to ensure that the steering and wheels rotate freely, without binding, and that the brakes are properly adjusted without interfering with the rotation of the wheel. The wheels must be checked and, if necessary, centered, and the tires inflated to the recommended pressure in accordance with the marks on their side surface. The drive chain must be checked and, if necessary, adjusted; any gearshift mechanism must be checked for correct and free operation.

The position of the saddle and handlebars must be carefully adjusted to suit the needs of the rider.

The bike must travel at least 1 km with a cyclist of the appropriate size.

During the test, the bicycle must be driven five times over a 30 m long section of wood, 50 mm wide and 25 mm high, with 12x45° chamfers at the corners interacting with the tyres. Bars should be laid every 2 m throughout the entire 30-meter section. The bicycle must pass the area laid out with bars at the speed specified in paragraph 2.2.5.1.

APPENDIX A (informative). METHOD OF OBTAINING THE OPTIMAL DIRECT and direct permissible limit deviations of ±20% when testing the dependence of braking force on the force on the pedal in the foot brake

APPENDIX A
informational

and direct permissible limit deviations ±20% during testing
dependence of the braking force on the force on the pedal in the foot brake

It is assumed that the values ​​obtained during the test specified in 4.4 will coincide with points lying on a straight line.

In practice, the best straight line can be drawn by eye, but the least squares method below provides a criterion for minimizing inaccuracy and allows you to choose a straight line that is closest to optimal.

The optimal straight line is the line that minimizes the sum of the squared differences between the measured results and the corresponding graphed results.

The relationship between variables is expressed by the formula

where is an independent precisely known variable (the load applied to the pedal);

Dependent variable with some degree of accuracy (braking force per wheel);

and are unknown constants to be determined.

For an array of values, this dependence can be resolved by obtaining the minimum sum of squared differences using the formula

We take and

Then the value can be determined by substitution:

Example

During the test, 4 values ​​were obtained and , with the help of which the values ​​, , and are calculated as follows:

(force per pedal)	(braking force)

Therefore, the optimal line corresponds to

and direct permissible limit deviations ± 20%

The results are shown graphically in Figure A.1.

Graph of the dependence of the braking force on the force on the pedal, expressed by the "optimal straight line" and straight lines of permissible limit deviations ± 20%

1 - permissible limit deviation +20%; 2 - optimal straight line;
3 - tolerance -20%

APPENDIX B (informative). STEERING GEOMETRY

APPENDIX B
informational

The steering geometry, as shown in Fig. B.1, is determined by the purpose of the bicycle, subject to the following recommendations:

steering geometry

Damn.B.1

the angle of inclination of the head tube is not more than 75° and not less than 65° relative to the road line;

The steering axis intersects a line perpendicular to the road line passing through the center of the wheel at a point no lower than 15% and no higher than 60% of the wheel radius measured from the road line.



The text of the document is verified by:
official publication
M.: Publishing house of standards, 1992

Additional requirements for the movement of cyclists. Technical requirements applied to the bike.

Class hour according to the rules traffic

Target: to form knowledge and ideas about the safe movement of cyclists on the roads.

Equipment: road signs, memos "Requirements for the movement of cyclists."

1.Introduction by the teacher.

Every day, newspapers, radio and television bring reports of another accident: cars collide, pedestrians fall under the wheels of vehicles. These and many other accidents that occur on the roads are called traffic accidents. We are accustomed to the abundance of cars on the roads, we consider them part of our lives and sometimes forget about the dangers associated with them.

Every year on the roads of the planet about a million people die in road accidents, 20 million are injured.

In our country, almost 200 thousand accidents are registered every year, in which more than 35 thousand people die and 190 thousand receive various injuries. Road traffic accidents are one of the main causes of death among children and young people. Who will help a person who finds himself on the street of a modern city or village, where traffic is seething and there are more cars than people?

First of all, he himself!

At school in the lessons of life safety and classroom hours you study the Rules of the Road - the basic law of streets and roads, which applies to both children and adults, and drivers and pedestrians. Each of you is obliged to know and fulfill them, that is, to move in such a way as not to create dangers or hindrances to the movement of others.

2. Repetition of the rules of pedestrians.

A) a quiz for pedestrians:

What part of the street is for pedestrians?

Where should pedestrians walk if there are no sidewalks?

What should a pedestrian do if, during the crossing of the intersection, the green signal of the traffic light changes to yellow, but he did not have time to cross the road?

How to cross the road when exiting the bus (tram)?

To whom does the pedestrian obey if the intersection is regulated by a traffic light and a traffic controller?

B) traffic light.

Teacher Additions:

The first traffic light appeared on the streets of New York in 1920. It was a circle with arrows painted yellow, red and green.

A traffic light controls traffic. Obeying his signals, pedestrians can cross streets and intersections. Traffic lights help drivers avoid accidents.

Students read a poem about a traffic light

The traffic light stands at the post day and night,

He stands day and night, watching the movement.

If there is a red fire on his chest -

Never follow a dangerous signal!

If the traffic light winks with a yellow eye,

Get ready to go, he's signaling.

And when the green light is on the way -

You can safely go, the intersection is open.

C) competition "Road signs"

(students prepared signs and poems about them)

Task: find out what sign it is talking about.

The highway rustled with tires

Running cars.

But near the school, slow down the gas -

Here's a sign, drivers, for you.

And you guys too

Be careful!

Wonderful sign -

Exclamation point!

So you can scream here.

Sing, walk, play pranks!

If you run - barefoot.

If you go - with the breeze!

The people answer sternly:

“This is a dangerous road.

Very requested road sign

Drive very carefully!"

("Other hazards")

That's the sign, I can't believe my eyes:

What is the battery for?

Does it help with movement?

Steam heating?

May be blizzard in winter

Do drivers need to warm up here?

Why in the summer heat

The sign was not removed from the pavement?

("Railroad crossing")

Here is a big green square,

And opposite the letter and "R".

Difficult letter "R"

And in the square, the letter "r".

Is it near the park?

"R" can't be pronounced?

("Parking place")

3. Acquaintance of students with the rules of cycling.

A). Teacher's explanation.

Teacher . You know the Pedestrian Rules well. But as soon as you get behind the wheel of a bicycle, you become a driver. And in terms of your responsibility for observing the rules of the road, you are equated with a motorist. This is a big responsibility, and therefore the age of a cyclist entering the roadway must be at least 14 years old, and a moped driver must be at least 16 years old.

Children under this age are allowed to ride only where there is no traffic - in closed areas. In the yards, at the stadium. There you should also learn to ride bicycles, training in driving. Can't ride on sidewalks footpaths!

Movement on the carriageway is allowed only in one line, not further than one meter from the edge of the carriageway, except for cases of overtaking or bypassing obstacles, as well as permitted cases of turning left or making a U-turn. You can only turn left or turn around on roads with one lane for traffic in each direction and in the absence of tram tracks. If the traffic is multi-lane, then to turn left or turn around, you need to get off the bike, cross, leading it. To the other side, observing all the rules for crossing the carriageway, and resume traffic.

If a cycle path is laid (or allocated on the carriageway) next to the road for cars, then you should only move along it (show the appropriate traffic sign).

In places where the cycle path crosses the road, the cyclist must give way to the approaching car.

While driving, you should strictly follow the rules of cyclists, warn all your maneuvers with signals, follow traffic lights and the actions of drivers!

B). Practical lessons.

Bicycle preparation.

Before riding a bicycle, you should check its serviceability. First of all, the brakes and the sound signal (bell) must be working on the bike, the steering wheel must be well fixed. You should check the wheels (there should be no “eights”, tire pressure, spoke tension, tightening of the nuts on the axles should be uniform), as well as check the chain tension and tightening of all threaded connections.

To ride at night, the bicycle must be equipped accordingly: a white lamp (headlight) is attached to the front of the bicycle, and a red lamp or retroreflector is attached to the back.

Bicycle maneuvers and riding.

IN). Introduction to the memo

"Requirements for the movement of cyclists."

4. Final part.

Requirements for the movement of cyclists

1. Bicycles may be driven by persons at least 14 years of age, and mopeds shall be at least 16 years of age.

2. Cyclists and mopeds must move only in the extreme right lane and in one line.

3. It is forbidden to move on the road if there is a bike path nearby.

4. Bicycle and moped riders are prohibited from riding without holding the steering wheel with at least one hand.

5. It is forbidden to carry passengers, except for children under the age of three.

6. The cyclist must have serviceable brakes, steering wheel and horn.

7. To ride at night, the bike must be equipped with a lamp or headlight.

Good afternoon, dear reader.

As soon as sufficiently warm weather sets in over the central part of Russia, the number of two-wheeled vehicles increases significantly. Hundreds of drivers of bicycles and mopeds appear on the city streets and pour into the dense traffic flow.

In my experience, at least 80 percent of non-licensed two-wheelers have absolutely no idea about and hit the road completely unprepared.

Traffic rules for bicycles

Consider traffic rules for bicycles. With a cursory review of the text, it may seem that traffic rules for cyclists are concentrated exclusively in section 24 of the rules "". However, in reality, things are completely different.

In the rules of the road, there are several types of road users to which a particular paragraph of the rules may apply. Among others, this motor vehicle, vehicle And driver. An unpowered bicycle is not a motor vehicle, however, all the points relating to drivers and vehicles apply to cyclists as well.

Attention! Rules relating to pedestrians do not apply to cyclists. They apply only to persons riding a bicycle.

Thus most traffic rules apply to cyclists, including the special 24 section. I will not disassemble and explain absolutely everything for cyclists in this article. The interested reader can do it himself. I will focus only on those points of the rules that are most often violated by cyclists.

Technical condition of the bike

2.3. The driver of the vehicle must:

2.3.1. Before leaving, check and ensure the correct technical condition of the vehicle on the way in accordance with the Basic Provisions for the admission of vehicles for operation and the duties of officials to ensure road safety (hereinafter - the Basic Provisions).

Do not drive in the event of a malfunction working brake system, steering, a coupling device (as part of a road train), unlit (absent) headlights and tail lights at night or in conditions of insufficient visibility, an inactive windshield wiper on the driver's side during rain or snowfall.

So the rules of the road ban cycling, which has malfunctions of the service brake system or steering. And it's not just about riding a bike with a broken handlebar or brakes.

There are "passionate" cyclists who try to reduce the weight of the bike in all sorts of ways. Including in the course is the removal of brakes and other structural elements. Punishment for such a violation is provided for by the Code of Administrative Offenses and will be discussed at the end of the article.

Alcoholic intoxication of a cyclist

Movement of cyclists over 14 years of age possibly in descending order:

1. On a cycle path, cycle path or cyclist lane.
2. On the right side of the road.
3. Along the side.
4. On a sidewalk or footpath.

Please note that each subsequent item in the above list implies that there are no previous items.

For example, you can drive along the side of the road (paragraph 3) only if there is no cycle path or lane, and also if there is no possibility of moving along the right edge of the carriageway.

In addition, there are a few exceptions:

• You can ride on the carriageway if the width of the bike or load exceeds 1 meter.
• You can drive on the carriageway if the movement is carried out in columns.
• You can ride on the sidewalk or footpath if you are accompanying a cyclist under the age of 14 or carrying a child under the age of 7.

When driving on the roadway, the following points of the rules should be borne in mind:

24.5. When cyclists move along the right edge of the carriageway in cases provided for by these Rules, cyclists must move only one row.

A column of cyclists is allowed to move in two rows if the overall width of the bicycles does not exceed 0.75 m.

The column of cyclists must be divided into groups of 10 cyclists in the case of a single-lane movement or into groups of 10 pairs in the case of a two-lane movement. To facilitate overtaking, the distance between groups should be 80 - 100 m.

Additional Information:

Movement of cyclists aged 7 to 14 possible on sidewalks, pedestrian, bicycle and bicycle paths, as well as within pedestrian zones.

Please note that "school cyclists" are not allowed to ride on cycle lanes, carriageways and shoulders.

Movement of cyclists under the age of 7 possible only together with pedestrians (on sidewalks, pedestrian and bicycle paths, pedestrian zones).

Thus, in 2019 and 2020, the movement of cyclists is also possible on sidewalks and roadsides. In this case, the rules of the cyclist impose additional requirements:

24.6. If the movement of a cyclist on a sidewalk, footpath, curb or within pedestrian zones endangers or interferes with the movement of other persons, the cyclist must dismount and be guided by the requirements provided for by these Rules for the movement of pedestrians.

I note that when driving on sidewalks, footpaths, roadsides and pedestrian zones, a cyclist should not interfere with the movement of other persons. If necessary, the cyclist must get off the bike and continue as a pedestrian.

Let's consider an interesting example. Suppose a car (in some cases it is allowed by the rules) and a cyclist are driving on the sidewalk. If a collision (accident) occurs, then both road users will be to blame for it. If the cyclist walks along the sidewalk, then he will not be to blame for the accident (he will not pay for car repairs).

Thus, paragraph 24.6 emphasizes that in the case sidewalk accident one of his culprits in any case will be a cyclist.

Dedicated lanes for cyclists

In 2020, on the roads you can find dedicated lanes for cyclists, marked with special signs:

These lanes are restricted to bicycles and mopeds.

Dedicated lanes for public transport

In addition, in 2019, cyclists can also use dedicated lanes for public transport. Clause 18.2 of the Rules:

18.2. On roads with a lane for route vehicles, marked with signs 5.11.1, 5.13.1, 5.13.2 and 5.14, the movement and stopping of other vehicles on this lane are prohibited, except for:
...
On lanes for route vehicles cyclists allowed if such a strip is located on the right.

Please note that a cyclist can enter a public transport lane only if this lane is marked with one of the signs listed above. In addition, there should be no additional conditions prohibiting entry into the specified lane.

For example, in some Russian cities the traffic is organized as follows. In fact, the road has a dedicated lane for route vehicles and all traffic participants understand this. However, from the point of view of traffic rules, the lane is not indicated by the signs listed above. Just at the entrance to it, a sign 3.1 "brick" is installed.

The requirements of this sign can be ignored only by public transport drivers. The rest of the vehicles, including cyclists, cannot pass under the "brick".

Additional Information:

Cycling areas

On December 14, 2018, the concept of "Bicycle zone" appeared in the rules of the road. The following road signs are used to indicate the bike zone:

Not only cyclists, but also motor vehicles (cars) can move along the bicycle zone. In this case, the following rules must be observed:

• Cyclists have priority over cars.
• Cyclists can move along the entire passing side of the carriageway, and not just at the right edge.
• Bicyclists are not prohibited from turning left and making U-turns on wide roads.
• The speed limit is 20 km/h.
• Pedestrians can cross the road anywhere, but they do not have an advantage.

More detailed information about bicycle zones is given in the following article:

Bicycle riders must yield to pedestrians at crossings

14.1. The driver of a vehicle approaching an unregulated pedestrian crossing must give way to pedestrians crossing the road or entering the carriageway (tram tracks) to make the crossing.

A bicycle, like any other vehicle, must slow down or stop before crossing to let pedestrians through.

Lights for bicycles

At night, the bicycle must have headlights or lights on, and during daylight hours, dipped headlights or daytime running lights:

19.1. At night and in conditions of insufficient visibility, regardless of road lighting, as well as in tunnels, a moving vehicle must turn on the following lighting devices:

on all motor vehicles and mopeds - high or low beam headlights, on bicycles - headlights or lanterns, on horse-drawn carts - lanterns (if any);

19.5. During daylight hours, all moving vehicles must turn on dipped beam headlights or daytime running lights to identify them.

So far, I have not met a single cyclist who uses low beam headlights or daytime running lights when driving during the day. In this regard, traffic police officers can impose a fine on almost any bicycle driver.

Age to ride a bike

Bicycling is allowed at any age. However, depending on the age, the rules for cycling differ (this was discussed above).

Movement on the carriageway of roads is possible only from from 14 years old.

Prohibitions for cyclists

24.8. Cyclists and moped drivers are prohibited from:

• ride a bicycle, moped without holding the steering wheel with at least one hand;
• transport cargo that protrudes more than 0.5 m in length or width beyond the dimensions, or cargo that interferes with control;
• to transport passengers, if this is not provided for by the design of the vehicle;
• transport children under 7 years of age in the absence of specially equipped places for them;
• turn left or turn around on roads with tram traffic and on roads with more than one lane for traffic in this direction (except when turning left from the right lane is allowed, and with the exception of roads located in bicycle zones);
• move on the road without a fastened motorcycle helmet (for moped drivers);

24.9. It is forbidden to tow bicycles and mopeds, as well as towing by bicycles and mopeds, except for towing a trailer intended for use with a bicycle or moped.

From this list, the following points should be noted:

1. Bicycle riders are prohibited from turning left and turning around on roads with more than one lane in a given direction. Those. a left turn in the city is prohibited for a cyclist on almost all major streets.

Note. This requirement does not apply to cycling zones, as well as on roads where a left turn is allowed from the rightmost lane.

In practice, we can offer the following way out of this situation. The cyclist leaves his vehicle and becomes a pedestrian. Then he crosses the intersection in the required direction on the pedestrian crossing. After that, he again sits on the bike and continues to move along the roadway or roadside.

So the fines for cyclists are currently nothing compared to (30,000 rubles for driving while intoxicated). In addition, the advantage of cyclists on the road is that they are rarely fined for violating traffic rules. And this, in turn, leads to the fact that most of the "two-wheeled" behave unpredictably on the road, provoking the emergence of dangerous situations.

On this consideration of the features finished. Once again I remind you that every cyclist needs to read at least once full version.

Well, in conclusion, I suggest you watch a short video that clearly demonstrates what a violation of traffic rules for cyclists can lead to:

Good luck on the roads!

As for the sign 3.9 "Movement on bicycles is prohibited." The rules for this sign include the following paragraph:

Signs 3.2 - 3.9, 3.32 and 3.33 prohibit the movement of the respective types of vehicles in both directions.

Those. if the sign is installed to the right of the carriageway, then movement along the entire carriageway is prohibited.

GOST R 52289-2004 gives the following information about sign 3.9:

5.4.29. Signs 3.2 - 3.9, 3.32 and 3.33 are installed at each entrance to a section of road or territory where the movement of the corresponding types of vehicles is prohibited. Before side exits to the road, signs are used with one of the plates 8.3.1 - 8.3.3.

There is no additional information on this sign in the regulatory documents.

If stick general principles installation of prohibition signs, they prohibit movement to their left. That is, if there is a sidewalk to the right of the sign, then you can drive along it.

Difficulty can arise if the sidewalk is adjacent to the roadway, and the poles are installed to the right of the sidewalk. In this case, the sign is located to the right of the entire road and an incomprehensible situation arises. If you are faced with a similar situation in practice, then it makes sense to write an appeal to the traffic police with a request to clarify the traffic order or change the traffic pattern on this section of the road.

Good luck on the roads!

Alexey-464

A cyclist is prohibited from turning left or turning around on roads with tram traffic and on roads with more than one lane for traffic in a given direction.

Your comment says that almost nowhere you can turn left. Why? This direction is a left turn or U-turn. If the roadway has 3 lanes in each direction, and a left turn (and a U-turn, if not prohibited) is allowed only from the left lane, where is it written that you cannot turn from the third lane? In this direction only from one lane. Either the rules are written crookedly, or those who read them do not understand what is written. Read carefully. For those who turn left, the direction straight or right is not a given. It is generally absent for him, he does not go there.

Where is it written that you can not turn from the third lane?

Paragraph 24.2 prohibits driving away from the right edge of the drive if the movement is carried out on the carriageway.

This direction is a left turn or U-turn

No, such a direction in the SDA is called the "intended direction of movement" (see "passing through intersections": "go in the intended direction"). "Lane in this direction" refers to all lanes for moving forward, no matter forward-left, forward-straight, or forward-right. The "lanes of this direction" are not only the "lanes of the opposite direction" and the dividing strip, but there are also crossroads at the intersections.

Dmitry-484

Barkhudarov, you are right - traffic rules for cyclists are written by people who not only do not ride bicycles, but also apparently hate cyclists. First of all, everything is done for motorists, because the strongest and richest are primarily motorists. There are already rumors that the rights for cyclists will be introduced. Instead of reining in motorists who have become insolent to the limit, who not only massively violate rights, but in some cases deliberately try to set up a cyclist - they cut off, do not turn on the right turn signal.

Dmitry-484

Or what it takes to dismount when crossing a green light at a regulated intersection, spending a lot of time stopping, crossing on foot and re-accelerating. And all because a motorist who turns on the green is too lazy to break away from a telephone conversation, too lazy to slow down and carefully look to see if there is someone on the zebra. He is also vice versa, when he sees a leisurely cyclist, he will not only not let him through, but will hit the gas pedal!

Are there any clarifications about cycling in underpasses and on overpass bridges? I often see that they are driving, especially on new ramps for strollers with children and disabled people, and for those who find it difficult to climb stairs. Such ramps are shaped like a U, and often around the corner neither a pedestrian sees a cyclist, nor a cyclist sees a woman with a stroller.

Hello! About dismounting at a regulated intersection, about which they wrote a couple of posts ago, to be honest, I did not find it. But I wanted to ask about something else.

1. Does the requirement of paragraph 24.2 to move on the right edge mean that it is mandatory to move to the right if the signs / markings from the right lane allow only to the right? Judging by the context of clauses 24.8 and 8.5, probably not. After all, 24.8 does not prohibit left on single-lane doors, and 8.5 requires you to take an extreme position, not a lane, but a position. That is, it is allowed to leave from the right edge if necessary, and therefore change lanes from which you can go straight, if from the right only to the right.

2. Clause 24.2 allows movement along the side of the road only if it is impossible to move along the right edge of the IF, although for mopeds and horse-drawn carts the old wording "driving along the side of the road is allowed if it does not interfere with pedestrians." It would not be better to keep this in paragraph 24.2,

3. What does the priority of bicycles over other vehicles mean in cycle zones? Cyclists can now ignore paragraphs 8.3, 8.4, 8.8 and section 13 and not give way to other vehicles when entering an adjacent, changing lane, turning left and turning outside the intersection, exiting a secondary road, etc., respectively? I hope no.

Anna, traffic rules do not allow cyclists to use pedestrian crossings (including overground and underground).

24.8. Cyclists and moped drivers are prohibited from:

cross the road at pedestrian crossings.

So the cyclist must dismount, become a pedestrian, and only then go to the crossing.

Good luck on the roads!

OLV, Hello.

2. It is better to send such proposals directly to the Government of the Russian Federation, because It is the employees of this department who are involved in the drafting of the text of traffic rules.

3. An interesting question. Paragraph 24.11 refers to the priority of cyclists over mechanical vehicles. This paragraph does not say anything about priority at intersections. Therefore, it turns out to be unclear what exactly drivers and cyclists should be guided by at intersections (section 13 or paragraph 24.11).

Good luck on the roads!

Bicycle

The one who "arrived" faster is always to blame. Ride your bike wherever you want, just don’t interfere with anyone on purpose and don’t bump into anyone with a specialist, otherwise you will kill yourself and scratch others. "And where someone else's rules begin, your personal freedom ends there"

Obviously, but incredible.

Nicholas-217

In St. Petersburg, for example, one lane of a cycle path runs along the carriageway on one side of the carriageway. This means that in one direction the cyclist must ride along the bike path, and in the opposite direction - along the edge of the carriageway. Or do you have to use the bike path in both directions? The bike path is quite narrow, it is not very comfortable for cyclists traveling towards them to pass there, although it is not very difficult.

A 14+ cyclist rides on a bike path. On the roadway - if there is a bike path - it is not allowed - p 24.2 of the SDA.

Good afternoon Please tell me.

If a cyclist (on a bicycle, respectively) while crossing the carriageway at a pedestrian crossing crashed into a car, then according to the rules, he is to blame. How can I recover the damage caused to the car in this case?

Not sure if the fault lies entirely with the cyclist. To recover damages - according to Article 1064 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.

Cyclist - driver of a vehicle

The driver is the main figure in providing traffic.

Recall that in our country the number of cars is growing at a high pace: every year there are about 1,300,000 more cars. According to experts' forecasts, in the near future there will be 330-440 cars per 1,000 people (in 2009, this figure was 225 cars on average).

Consequently, the number of drivers is also growing rapidly. At the same time, the level of their professional training and the level of culture in the field of road safety is not very high and does not fully meet the increasing requirements for road users to ensure road safety in modern conditions (as already mentioned, more than 70% of accidents occur through the fault of drivers ).

Therefore, road safety primarily depends on the level of training of drivers and instilling in them a high sense of responsibility for personal safety and the safety of others.

For what spiritual And physical qualities driver can you judge the level of his culture in the field of road safety? In our opinion, the most significant features can be distinguished:

1. Correspondence of the health status of the driver and his performance to the physical and psychological stress that occurs when driving a vehicle in the conditions of modern roads.

2. Deep knowledge of the Rules of the Road, their conscious observance and ability to apply in various situations that arise on the road.

3. Continuous improvement of professional qualities in driving a vehicle.

4. Raising a sense of high responsibility for the safety of other road users (pedestrians and passengers), observance of their rights in the field of life safety.

Such qualities do not appear by themselves. They will not arise with obtaining the right to drive a vehicle. They must be brought up with school age and should serve as the foundation for the training of a modern driver, because most young people in life will become drivers of vehicles. This is evidenced by the intensive motorization of the country.

Purposefully, these qualities should be formed from the moment a person becomes a road user. From this moment, he must begin to comprehend the basics of the Rules of the Road and form a conviction in the need to comply with them constantly.

The first vehicle that a person begins to drive in school years is a bicycle. From this moment on, it is necessary to begin to cultivate the qualities of a cultural driver in oneself.

A bicycle is a vehicle that has two or more wheels and is driven by human muscle power.

Cycling is not allowed on most city streets, in towns and on highways. Bicycle as a vehicle has its own characteristics. Firstly, it is not driven by the engine, but by the muscular efforts of the cyclist. Therefore, its speed depends on the physical fitness of the driver. Secondly, the bicycle has high maneuverability and, thirdly, it is characterized by insufficient stability. Therefore, it is necessary to seriously learn to ride a bicycle, to be prepared for various situations that may arise on the road.

The best way to learn how to ride a bike is at a velodrome or in cycling camps, which have now begun to be arranged in various regions of the country.

Almost any driver will say that a cyclist has no place on high road, they drive without protection, there is no bodywork and you need to go around it far so as not to hurt it.

In fact, a bicycle is a vehicle, which means it is a full-fledged road user, according to the rules of the road.

The cyclist is the driver.

A cyclist driving a bicycle nearby is equated to a pedestrian and, accordingly, the rules of behavior of pedestrians on the road begin to apply to him. Thus, a cyclist can change his status on the road, which drivers of cars, motorcycles and other vehicles are deprived of.

Any vehicle entering the road must be technically sound. This is the very first rule of all drivers.

The driver - cyclist is supposed to check the condition of the tires every time before leaving, evaluate the serviceability of the brake system and the sound signal, make sure that the steering wheel and seat are secure.

It is also necessary to monitor the availability and serviceability of lighting equipment:

• in front of a white lamp, headlight or retroreflector;
• behind a red lamp, headlight or retroreflector.

Forbidden:

1. The movement of cycling, at night and in conditions of insufficient visibility, without the presence of burning or serviceable lighting devices;
2. Movement of cyclists with malfunctions of the steering and braking system.

Modern bicycles can be technically equipped with an electric motor up to 0.25 kW, and even an automatic engine cut-off when accelerating to 25 km/h or more. Such vehicles are allowed to move and are equated to the usual "great".

Age to ride a bike

Many people have never even thought about the question: “At what age can you ride a bike?” In our life, a bicycle is bought for a child, almost from birth: first a small one, three or four wheels, then a child, then a teenager. The technical capabilities of the "iron friend" grow with the age of a person.

If we talk about the presence of a cyclist on the roads, the SDA for cyclists clearly states that a cyclist under 14 years of age is prohibited from driving on the carriageways of the road and shoulders.

From the age of seven to fourteen, a bicycle driver can ride on sidewalks, on special pedestrian and bicycle paths, and in pedestrian zones, but he cannot enter the road.

Children under the age of seven are only allowed to ride a bicycle on the pedestrian and cycling sections of the road. And in general, for safety reasons, children under 7 years old should be supervised by adults and should not be left alone, especially in proximity to the road.

You can become a cyclist very quickly. A trip to the store - and in half an hour you are already on a horse, along with the drivers of any other vehicle, you are driving along the road. Accordingly, the rules of the road for cyclists must be absolutely observed, and everyone who participates or only plans to participate in traffic on the roads of our country should know them. Yes, one can only dream of bike paths in many, or rather in most Russian cities. They simply don't exist.

Unfortunately, many drivers will attest that cyclists on main roads often don't bother to learn the rules and think "they'll get passed anyway."

So, every bike rider should know that:

• driving a bicycle or driving it next to you on foot is carried out only in the direction of travel;
• if there is a specially allocated lane for cyclists (bike path), you should only ride along it;
• it is allowed to move along the right edge of the carriageway (not further than 1 m from the edge) or along the roadside, only one in a row;
• in the absence of the above places, you can move along the pedestrian zone or the sidewalk;

Features of the movement of a column of cyclists:

• the movement of the column is possible in two rows with the permissible overall width of two-wheeled vehicles not more than 0.75 m;
• with a single-row movement, the column must be divided into groups of ten cyclists, with a two-row movement, ten pairs each;
• allowable distance between groups from 80 to 100 m.

Thus, it is understandable that most cyclists in cities violate the rules of riding. They drive more than 1 meter from the edge of the right lane of the carriageway, or on sidewalks. And most importantly, they do not even feel guilty and violators.

Crossing rules

Turning right is by general rules and priority marks. on a single-lane road, it is carried out along the full trajectory, in one step.

Turn left in other cases can be made:

• as a pedestrian, that is, dismount and hold the bike next to you;
• in two steps: driving straight ahead, stopping with a turn, driving straight ahead.

Cyclists and pedestrians - who gives way?

Based on the definition that a cyclist is a driver of a vehicle, he is obliged to give way to pedestrians at unregulated pedestrian crossings. And at pedestrian crossings equipped with traffic lights, allow pedestrians to complete the crossing of the carriageway, in accordance with the general rules.

The most controversial place for the joint stay of cyclists and pedestrians remains bike paths. There is a feeling that cyclists have advantages in this area. But the rules do not prohibit pedestrians from walking along these special lanes. And, therefore, pedestrians must give way to the bike path.

Modern bicycle models are often equipped with signal turn signals, and therefore the signals indicating the turn occur like any motor transport. If the bike is not equipped with turn signals, then signals about the planned maneuvers should be given in the old fashioned way, with your hands:

• turn right, rebuild - stretch right hand or bend the left at the elbow;
• turn left, rebuild - stretch out your left arm or bend your right at the elbow;
• stop - any hand raised up.

Cyclists, as full-fledged road users, must know and be able to use in the course of movement all road signs established for mandatory use by the rules of traffic rules. You should learn special road signs for cyclists. It is important to pay attention to prohibition signs and signs establishing the end of a special lane for cyclists.

It must be remembered that bicycles are strictly prohibited from being on the motorway.

Lighting

Lighting devices must be available and work properly on all mechanical moving vehicles, for bicycles - these are headlights, lamps or retroreflectors.

The front lights are white. The back is red.

overtaking rules

The rules of the road require cyclists to overtake according to the general rules, on the left. Prior to the start of the maneuver, the driver of a two-wheeled vehicle must make sure that the intended action is safe, not interfere with other road users, and take into account their speed capabilities compared to their own.

Traffic on the roadway and sidewalks - what is the right way?

The requirements for bicycle drivers in 2019 remained the same as in previous years. However, the ever-increasing number of cars and bicycles on the roads, which complicates traffic, affects safety. Of course, the safest and most correct way for cyclists to get around is to ride on bike paths.

But there are very few of them, and if a cyclist rides on the sidewalk, he interferes with pedestrians, and if on the roadway, he interferes with drivers.

Where can you ride a bike?

Lawyer's answer: It will be correct to ride on the right edge of the carriageway (1 meter from the edge), and if it is absent, then the cyclist can ride on the sidewalk!

No one should be allowed to drive after drinking alcohol. The fact is well known.

But, let's suppose that one tipsy driver, in the midst of the holiday, decided not to drive a car and, knowing about the responsibility, decided to drive to the nearest store on a bicycle. What punitive measures can he expect in the event of a meeting with the traffic police?

Let's figure it out. On the one hand, a person who sits behind the wheel of a bicycle is a driver, on the other hand, he does not have a special driving license, and is not required by law to have one. And everyone knows that the punishment for drunk driving is the deprivation of a driver's license from 1.5 to 2 years and a fine of 30 tr.

But few people know about the existence of Article 12.29, clause 3 of the SDA, which clearly states that violation of the traffic rules (driving while intoxicated is a violation) by a person driving a bicycle is punishable by an administrative fine of 1 to 1.5 tr.

This means that in the event of a meeting between employees of the State traffic inspectorate and the driver of a two-wheeled vehicle in a state of intoxication (as a result of taking alcoholic beverages or drugs), the above norms will be applied.

What are the benefits for cyclists?

In addition to the familiar to many special lanes on the roads for cyclists, three years ago cyclists got the privilege of moving on those roads that are equipped with specially dedicated lanes designed for the movement of cyclists, minibuses and passenger taxis. Traffic on these special lanes can go both towards the general flow of vehicles, and along the way.

Not every city in Russia has such innovations.

But, most importantly, the attention of the legislative authorities has already been paid to the increasing number of people who prefer a bicycle as an environmentally friendly transport, and new laws have already been adopted for their safety.

Penalties for cyclists

Any penalties are a deterrent to committing an offense, and the most effective is the ruble punishment.

Therefore, for drivers - cyclists apply traffic rules and administrative law.

Conclusion

Road, electric, cyclocross, fatbike, touring, tandem, chopper and cruiser - these are modern bikes exist. We know little about many varieties, and we have not heard of others at all. For every taste, wallet and for any type of ride, you can pick up a “two-wheeled friend”. Many choose a bicycle - an environmentally friendly transport, cost-free, fairly cheap to maintain and repair, and also very healthy and good. physical form. If you properly understand the rules of the road and learn all the signs for cyclists before leaving the road, then cycling will be safe.

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