What is the name of the biceps brachii. Short head of biceps brachii

The biceps brachii, or biceps, is located on the front surface of the shoulder. She bends her hand elbow joint and, to some extent, provides outward rotation of the forearm (supination). Besides, biceps shoulder plays an important role in stabilizing shoulder joint, i.e. prevents dislocations. The muscle consists of two heads, which are attached to the shoulder blade with two separate tendons at the top, and below the muscle with a single tendon (distal tendon) is attached to the radius.

Among the tendon ruptures of the biceps brachii in the area of the shoulder joint (i.e. ruptures of the proximal tendons), the most common rupture of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii. As a rule, the rupture of this tendon occurs in its place, which is located inside the shoulder joint (separation from the place of attachment to the supraarticular tubercle), or in the place where the tendon is located in the intertubercular groove. Less common are ruptures of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle in the region of the muscle-tendon junction (i.e., the place where the tendon gradually passes into the muscle belly) and ruptures of the muscle belly itself. Ruptures of the tendon of the short head of the biceps brachii are even less common. Ruptures of the distal tendon of the biceps brachii are described in a separate article.

Causes of tendon rupture of the biceps brachii (biceps)

The most common rupture of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii occurs in men older than 35 when they carry or lift something heavy with their arms in front of them (for example, when they carry a heavy box in front of them). Lifting weights, especially with a jerk and without taking into account its weight, is a vivid example of such a situation.
Tears in women are extremely rare. Scientists have found that for a tendon to rupture, the mass of an object must be more than 68 kg, however, if the tendon tissue is subject to significant changes, it is possible that a rupture can occur when lifting even a smaller mass.
Unfortunately, with age, tendons lose their strength in some people, and in cases where the mass of an object being carried or lifted is more than critical, a rupture may occur. You can prevent a gap by performing a warm-up before significant physical effort, but, unfortunately, this simple requirement is often neglected. However, a man doing a warm-up before bringing a box of food from the car home would look very unusual, you see.

It is worth noting that regular classes physical education, and not occasionally, will be able to strengthen the tendon tissue. No other effective ways there is no such thing as tendon strengthening (except maybe prolotherapy, which is in clinical trials). It should be noted that even if prolotherapy proves to be effective, its implementation in relation to the proximal tendons of the biceps brachii will be very difficult. A variety of biological additives also do not have real effectiveness, and recommendations for eating plenty of jellied meat, meat broths, chicken cartilage are nothing more than common myths.

In addition, rupture of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii can occur when falling on the arm.
Repeated sports activities (swimming or tennis) can lead to tendon overload disease, or tenopathy (“overuse injury”), as a result of which the tendon becomes less strong, which can eventually lead to rupture.
In addition to the repeated monotonous load The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii can be compromised by ruptures of the rotator cuff and impingement syndrome of the shoulder joint.

Additional risk factors for tendon ruptures of the biceps brachii are:

Smoking: Nicotine can disrupt the nutrition of tendon tissue.
Introduction of corticosteroids. Administration and local injections of corticosteroids (drugs such as diprospan, hydrocortisone) can cause tendon necrosis and rupture.
In addition, there are suggestions that some systemic diseases and the use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics may contribute to tendon rupture.

Subcutaneous lacerations of the biceps brachii occur mainly as a result of indirect trauma. A sharp sudden contraction of a muscle in a state of tension leads to a rupture of the tendon of the long head during impact, wrestling, lifting weights and the distal tendon, mainly during a sharp lifting of weight. A complete rupture leads to the formation of diastasis between the ends of the tendon due to both muscle traction and degenerative-dystrophic changes in the ends of the damaged tendon. Depending on the size of diastasis tendon ruptures divide on the:

small (up to 1 cm),
medium (from 1 to 3 cm),
large (from 3 to 5 cm),
and extensive (over 5 cm).

During the first week after injury, tendon and muscle injuries are considered fresh, up to 3 weeks. - stale and at a later date - old.

What happens during a break?

When the tendon of one of the heads of the biceps muscle of the shoulder is torn (or detached from the place of attachment to the shoulder blade), the strength of the muscle is decompensated and the muscle belly moves down as a result of muscle contraction, which leads to the appearance of a characteristic spherical deformation (the so-called Popeye symptom).

Classification of biceps tendon rupture

Biceps tendon ruptures can be full and partial.

Partial breaks. As the name suggests, these tears are incomplete, and because part of the tendon remains intact, the muscle does not move downward.
Complete breaks. This type of tear is much more common than a partial tear. A complete rupture means that the muscle is completely detached from the bone and pulled down by its contraction down to the elbow joint.

As we have already noted, rupture of the tendon of the long head occurs more often. Its tendency to rupture is determined by anatomical features: the tendon passes inside the shoulder joint and attaches to the supraarticular tubercle of the scapula.
Fortunately, the biceps in the shoulder joint is attached to the bones with two heads, and tendon ruptures of both are extremely rare. Due to this double attachment, in many patients the biceps continues to perform its function even after a complete rupture of the tendon of the long head.
Tearing of the long head of the biceps can also damage other structures in the area of the shoulder joint, such as the rotator cuff of the shoulder.

Estimate rotator cuff if a tendon rupture of the biceps muscle of the shoulder is suspected, it is very important, since if it is damaged, the injury can have a very atypical picture.
For example, when the tendon of the subscapularis is ruptured, the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii can dislocate from the intertubercular groove forward, while remaining intact.

Symptoms

Sometimes an audible click or crunch at the moment of rupture.
Sudden, sharp pain in the shoulder area, which gradually decreases and almost completely disappears 2-3 weeks after the injury.
Pain when trying to tighten the biceps brachii (biceps)
Bruises on the anterior surface of the shoulder from the shoulder to the elbow joint. A few days after the rupture, the area of the bruise becomes larger, it gradually descends and may even reach the hand.
Pain or tenderness on palpation.
Weakness of movement in the shoulder and elbow joints.
Difficulty turning the forearm.
Due to the fact that the torn tendon can no longer hold the muscle in a taut state, the muscle gathers in a lump above the elbow, and soft tissue retraction appears in the area of the shoulder joint.

At subcutaneous rupture of the biceps brachii muscle patients note crackling or crunching, sudden pain and weakness in the arm. The contours of the biceps muscle of the shoulder change in the victims, local pain occurs on palpation, the muscle strength of the arm decreases, and subcutaneous hemorrhages appear. Pain in the shoulder is aggravated by raising the arm, flexing and supinating the forearm.
When short head injury patients experience a clicking sensation in the shoulder joint. On examination, a bulge in the middle part of the shoulder and a depression in the lower part of the shoulder are noticeable. On palpation in the region of the coracoid process of the scapula, pain and retraction of soft tissues, bifurcation of the biceps muscle are noted.
Injury to the distal tendon of the biceps brachii manifested by the absence of tension in the tendon in the area of the elbow ("empty elbow"). The strength of flexion and supination of the forearm is sharply reduced. The abdomen of the biceps muscle is displaced proximally and takes on a spherical shape

Examination and diagnostics

After the doctor listens to your complaints, he will examine your shoulder. Often the diagnosis of a complete tear is obvious because of the characteristic deformity of the muscles of the shoulder.
Rupture of the bicep becomes even more obvious when it contracts (Popeye muscle).
Partial breaks are less obvious. To diagnose it, the doctor may ask you to bend your arm and tighten your biceps. Pain when trying to use the biceps may indicate a partial rupture of the biceps.
It is also very important that the doctor rule out other injuries of the shoulder joint. The biceps can also rupture at the elbow joint, although such ruptures are less common. Breaks in the elbow area are determined by retraction along the anterior surface of the shoulder closer to the elbow joint. The doctor examines your hand in order to exclude damage in this area.
In addition, it is necessary to exclude damage to the rotator cuff, impingement syndrome and tendinitis. To check for these problems, the doctor performs special tests by asking you to move your hand.

In order to clarify the diagnosis, additional research methods may be required:

Radiography. Although radiographs do not show very well soft tissues, they are performed in order to rule out other problems that may be causing pain in the shoulder joint.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This examination method is optimal for soft tissue imaging. It can display both full and partial breaks.

Treatment

Due to the fact that the second, uninjured head compensates for the function of the biceps of the shoulder, some surgeons, such as Watson-Jones, believed that there was no need for surgery with such tears at all. However, if the torn tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii is not reattached to the bone, some cosmetic and functional problems are inevitable.

Soto-Hall and Stroot studied the elbow flexion force and the outward-rotated arm side abduction force in patients with ruptures of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii. It turned out that at a short time after injury, the flexion force decreased by 20% compared to the opposite arm, and the abduction force decreased by 17%. Subsequently, as the muscular system self-adapted, the strength deficit was even smaller. Accordingly, functional problems in the rupture of the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii can be regarded as small, and, from a functional point of view, the operation to restore the attachment of the tendon to the bone can be considered appropriate only in young people with high functional demands.

Conservative treatment.

The essence of conservative treatment is reduced to the local application of cold on the first day after injury, the use of painkillers and short-term immobilization on a scarf bandage (less than 2 weeks). Immobilization is needed simply to provide peace to the hand and remove pain. As soon as the pain subsides, it is necessary to begin movements in the elbow and shoulder joints. .
Deformation of the shoulder, i.e. cosmetic defect, with conservative treatment is not corrected.

Ice. Applying an ice pack for 20 minutes every day several times helps reduce swelling and pain. Do not apply ice directly to the skin.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Drugs such as ibuprofen, aspirin or naproxen reduce pain and swelling.
Peace. Avoid heavy lifting and excessive activity to reduce pain and limit swelling. The doctor may recommend using the scarf for a short time.

It should be noted that a torn tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii can serve as a mechanical obstacle to movements in the shoulder joint - the so-called impingement syndrome or impingement syndrome.

Surgical treatment

The main goals of surgical treatment, during which the attachment of a torn tendon to the bone is restored, are:

Elimination of a cosmetic defect
Prevention of impingement syndrome
Maximum restoration of biceps muscle strength in patients with high physical demands.
In addition, surgery may be appropriate if conservative treatment fails.

intervention technique. There are two fundamental different options surgical treatment. With one of them (if there is a detachment from the place of attachment to the supraarticular tubercle), the tendon is attached exactly to the place from which it came off. This operation is quite complicated, it is advisable to perform it arthroscopically, i.e. through small incisions with the introduction of a video camera into the joint cavity. In this case, special expensive implants are required to fix the tendon.
In the second version of the operation (which also gives good functional results), the tendon is attached not to the place from which it came off, but to humerus.
A significant advantage of the first method is that the tendon of the long head of the biceps muscle of the shoulder will perform a stabilizing function and prevent possible shoulder dislocations. However, it should be noted that this advantage cannot be put in the first place, since the complexity of the operation and the lower reliability of fixation can neutralize the advantages.

Complications

Complications of surgical treatment are rare. Re-ruptures of the repaired tendon are rare.

Rehabilitation

After the operation, your shoulder will be temporarily immobilized with a special scarf or brace.

Strictly adhere to the rehabilitation program recommended by your doctor. Although recovery is a long process, your active participation and interest in the result is the main factor in your return to the original level. physical activity. Complete fusion of the tendon takes 2-3 months. It is important to limit your physical activity during this time. The results of surgical treatment. Almost all patients eventually return to full range of motion. There is every reason to hope for a return to hard physical labor and sports after some time.

Attention! the information on the site is not a medical diagnosis, or a guide to action and is for informational purposes only.

Total or partial rupture of the tendon of the long head of the biceps is not uncommon. This is a severe disorder resulting in limitation of movement. upper limb. Only qualified treatment will allow in the future to fully use the hand again.

Some patients are inattentive to their health and do not rush to the traumatologist. With total damage to the tendon, the function of the limb will not fully recover if the disease is not treated, and pain will become a constant companion.

Our clinic has accumulated rich clinical experience in the treatment of such patients, which allows us to restore the function of the shoulder joint even in the most difficult cases.

Anatomy of the tendon of the biceps brachii

The biceps, or biceps, is a flexor. It consists of muscle fibers and a tendon part. With its contraction, the movement of the upper limb in the elbow joint occurs.

The long head of the biceps is attached to the tubercle of the scapula, and the short head is attached to its coracoid process. Both heads fuse to form a single tendon and insert into the tuberosity at the proximal end of the radius of the forearm. The biceps can not only bend the arm at the elbow joint, but also participate in rotational movements.

Fig. 1 a, b Structure of the shoulder joint (schematic representation)

The biceps head tendon runs through the shoulder joint and is longer than the short head tendon, so it is more prone to injury.

Causes and mechanism of rupture

A rupture of the distal biceps tendon is usually traumatic. This damage is predominantly characteristic of men, since they are more likely to lift weights and undergo intense physical exertion.

In older people, a tendon rupture of the head of the biceps can occur for no apparent reason. This is due age-related changes in the tendons, the consequences of microtraumas that have taken place throughout life. But pathology is often found in young, active men aged 35-40. Predisposing factors are tendinitis, which arose as a result of constant microtraumas.

Professional sports and some activities that involve constant stress on the biceps muscle, over time, make the anatomical structures vulnerable, and they rupture even with moderate effort.

The injury usually occurs with a sharp rise in weight, as well as with a sudden forced extension of the elbow joint. The tendon is often torn in the area of attachment to the scapula, humeroscapular joint, or near the intertubercular groove.

Symptoms of a torn biceps tendon

In clinical practice, complete ruptures of the head of the biceps are more common. In this case, the tendon is completely torn and separated from the bone, reduced and pulled to the elbow joint.

When viewed on the inner surface of the lower third of the shoulder, a pronounced tubercle is visualized. Immediately after the injury, swelling occurs, which quickly spreads throughout the shoulder.

Fig.2 Appearance shoulder with a rupture of the long head of the biceps.

The rupture may be isolated or accompanied by damage to other structures, such as the rotator cuff. With concomitant disorders, the clinical picture is atypical.

At the time of injury, acute pain is felt, attempts to flex the elbow are painful or impossible. With a tear of the tendon, as well as trauma in the elderly, the clinical picture is erased. The pain syndrome is moderate, the flexion force is reduced.

For determining muscle tone on the side of the injury, you need to compare it with a healthy hand, since in some patients the tone may be reduced initially.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis of a rupture of the long head of the biceps is carried out in several stages. At the beginning, the doctor finds out the mechanism and circumstances of the injury, clarifies whether there were injuries before, the patient went in for sports, whether his work is associated with constant physical exertion.

After collecting an anamnesis, the orthopedic traumatologist proceeds to the examination. The doctor visually assesses the condition of the upper limb, determines if there is a hematoma, a tubercle in the distal shoulder. An important factor is the presence, localization and persistence of pain. The volume of active and passive movements of the upper limb is also determined. If the case is serious and the gap is complete, active movements are limited.

To clarify the diagnosis, determine the degree of damage, additional examination methods are connected. Ultrasound is widely used, the method allows you to accurately determine complete ruptures. MRI is used to obtain more accurate information about the localization of damage, as well as to visualize small tears and intra-articular injuries.

Fig. 3 MRI picture of a tendon rupture of the long head of the biceps

Treatment

Treatment of a ruptured head of the biceps can be either conservative or surgical.

Tactics is determined depending on the degree of damage and the individual characteristics of the patient.

Conservative therapy

Conservative treatment is indicated in the following cases:

middle and old age;
contraindications to surgical intervention;
activities not related to the use of physical force;
minor tendon injury.

After conservative therapy, the strength of supination is reduced by 20%, if the patient is not engaged in activities associated with a large load on the upper limbs, this factor does not affect the quality of life and allows you to fully serve yourself.

Surgery

Surgical treatment is indicated for young people, patients who play sports or work physically. The operation completely restores range of motion and muscle strength. The most progressive method of treatment for biceps tendon rupture is such a modern surgical method of treatment as arthroscopy.

The technique is based on the use of an arthroscope, which is inserted through small punctures, allowing a detailed examination of the damaged area with the help of optics, as well as performing the necessary manipulations to restore the tendon.

The effectiveness of the procedure is high, and the recovery period is minimal. In some cases, the technique with traditional surgical access through the incision is also used.

Rice. Fig. 4 Schematic representation of tenodesis (fixation to the head of the humerus) of the tendon of the long head of the biceps muscle with a screw (a) and an anchor (b).

Rehabilitation after surgical treatment

After restoring the anatomical integrity of the ligaments and tendons, the limb is immobilized for a period of 3-6 weeks. For quick recovery, physiotherapy and physiotherapy exercises are widely used, which is a set of exercises to improve muscle tone and increase range of motion in the joint.

Used to activate metabolic processes and improve muscle tone massotherapy. Recovery of working capacity occurs after 6-10 weeks from the moment of injury.

Violation of the integrity of the tendon of the biceps of the shoulder is a serious injury that leads to dysfunction of the upper limb if not properly treated.

If trouble occurs, seek medical help from an orthopedic traumatologist as soon as possible. High professionalism, individual approach, ownership modern technologies, rich practical experience and a good material base allow the specialist to return patients to a full, active life.

Biceps is an established symbol general musculature. Any athlete will demonstrate it first. This muscle is always in a prominent place and therefore almost every man is interested in pumping it. However, despite the constant exploitation and seemingly obvious things, few people know what the biceps are all about: its structure, anatomy and function for our body.

Anatomy

The biceps is called the biceps brachii because it has two heads.

Long head of biceps brachii located with outside hands.
Short head of biceps located in the interior.

Both muscles are the same length, despite the names. At the top, they are attached to the coracoid process of the scapula, and at the bottom - to the elbow joint. Simply put: the biceps is a voluminous muscle that takes upper part arms from shoulder to forearm.

Function

The biceps of the arm functions to extend and flex the arm at the elbow. It also helps rotate the forearm and hand. In daily life, we often interact with the outside world, where we have to lift various objects. Due to the fact that there are more flexion movements in practice, the structure of the biceps allows you to perform all the basic physical work. In some cases, it can act as

The shoulder joint is the most mobile joint in the human body, which provides us with the ability to perform a variety of movements with the upper limb. This is the main joint that connects the arm to the torso.

In animals, the shoulder joint is less mobile and more reliably strengthened by ligaments and muscles, its main function in this case is support. In humans, in connection with upright posture, in the process of evolution, the shoulder joint has somewhat changed its structure, since now its main function has become not a support, but to provide a high amplitude of movements of the upper limb. Because of this, the joint has become less durable, which is its weak point, but at the same time, such “victims” allow a person to perform a wide variety of hand movements.

Consider the structural features of this joint and its most frequent diseases.

Anterior shoulder muscle group

These include:

biceps brachii,
coracobrachialis muscle,
shoulder muscle.

two-headed

It has two heads, from where it got its characteristic name. The long head originates with the help of a tendon from the supraarticular tubercle of the scapula. The tendon passes through the articular cavity of the shoulder joint, lies in the intertubercular groove of the humerus and passes into the muscle tissue. In the intertubercular groove, the tendon is surrounded by a synovial membrane, which connects to the cavity of the shoulder joint.

The short head originates from the top of the coracoid process of the scapula. Both heads merge together and pass into the spindle-shaped muscle tissue. A little above the ulnar fossa, the muscle narrows and passes again into the tendon, which is attached to the tuberosity of the radius of the forearm.

Biceps brachii

flexion of the upper limb in the shoulder and elbow joints;
supination of the forearm.

Coracohumeral

The muscle fiber starts from the coracoid process of the scapula, is attached to the humerus approximately in the middle from the inside.

flexion of the shoulder in the shoulder joint;
bringing the shoulder to the body;
takes part in turning the shoulder outward;
pulls the scapula down and forward.

Coracobrachial muscle

Shoulder

This is enough broad muscle, which lies directly under the biceps. It starts from the anterior surface of the upper part of the humerus and from the intermuscular septa of the shoulder. Attaches to the tuberosity of the ulna. Function - flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint.

shoulder muscle

Which doctor to contact

If a person has pain in the shoulder joint, then the most reasonable thing would be to visit a therapist. After the examination, he will give a referral to one of the following specialists:

rheumatologist;
orthopedist;
traumatologist;
neurologist
oncologist;
cardiologist;
allergist.

What studies can be prescribed to make an accurate diagnosis and choose treatment tactics:

blood tests, including rheumatic tests;
biopsy;
positron emission tomography;
arthroscopy;
radiography;

Posterior muscle group

This group includes:

triceps brachii,
elbow,
muscle of the elbow joint.

three-headed

This anatomical formation has three heads, hence the name. The long head originates from the subarticular tubercle of the humerus and below the middle of the humerus passes into the tendon common to the three heads.

Lateral head starts from rear surface humerus and lateral intermuscular septum.

The median head starts from the posterior surface of the humerus and both intermuscular septa of the shoulder. It is attached by a powerful tendon to the olecranon of the ulna.

extension of the forearm in the elbow joint;
adduction and extension of the shoulder due to the long head.

Elbow

It is, as it were, a continuation of the median head of the triceps muscle of the shoulder. It originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, and is attached to the posterior surface of the olecranon of the ulna and to its body (proximal part).

Function - extension of the forearm in the elbow joint.

Elbow muscle

This is a non-permanent anatomical formation. Some experts consider it as part of the fibers of the median head of the triceps muscle, which are attached to the capsule of the elbow joint.

Function - stretches the capsule of the elbow joint, which prevents it from being pinched.

Complications

If the treatment process is not started in time, then the shoulder joint can hurt for quite a long time, while the pain will be when raising the arm, any movement and physical activity. If the patient first had the usual pain from an injury, then serious illnesses may soon develop:

arthritis;
arthrosis;
bursitis;
joint dysplasia;
osteomyelitis;
osteoporosis;
polyarthritis.

If the pain syndrome is not eliminated in a timely manner, then severe pathological processes can begin in the human body, leading to a violation of the musculoskeletal system. With incorrect or late treatment, the patient may lose motor function and become disabled.

Muscles of the shoulder girdle

It is worth mentioning the muscles of the girdle of the upper limb, which are often considered to be muscle formations of the shoulder:

deltoid muscle of the shoulder,
supra- and infraspinatus muscle,
small and large round
subscapular.

Both groups of muscles of the shoulder are separated from each other by two connective tissue intermuscular septa, which stretch from the common shoulder fascia (enveloping the entire muscular frame of the shoulder) to the lateral and median edges of the humerus.

Acromioclavicular joint:

Its function is to allow the hand to connect with the chest area. According to their specificity, the acromioclavicular ligaments act as an important horizontal stabilizer. In turn, the coracoclavicular ligaments act as a vertical stabilizer of the clavicle. The largest number of rotations occurs precisely in the clavicle, and only 10% of rotations occur at the junctions of the acromio-clavicular joint itself.

Shoulder muscle pain

Shoulder pain and shoulder girdle is a common complaint among people of various age groups. Such a symptom may be associated with pathology of the skeleton, joints, ligaments, but most often the cause is hidden in damage to muscle tissue.

Causes

Consider the most common causes of pain syndrome in shoulder area:

overstrain and sprain of ligaments, tendons, muscles;
diseases or traumatic injuries of the shoulder joint;
inflammation of the ligaments and tendons of the muscles (tendinitis);
rupture of tendons and muscles;
joint capsulitis (inflammation of the joint capsule);
inflammation of the periarticular bags - bursitis;
frozen shoulder syndrome;
humeroscapular periarthrosis;
myofascial pain syndrome;
vertebrogenic causes of pain syndrome (associated with lesions of the cervical and thoracic spine);
impingement syndrome;
rheumatic polymyalgia;
myositis of infectious (specific and non-specific) and non-infectious nature (with autoimmune, allergic diseases, ossifying myositis).

Pain in the shoulder area can be associated with both damage to bones, joints, ligaments, and damage to muscle tissue.

Articulation functions

As already mentioned, the shoulder joint is the most mobile of all joints in the human body. Movements in it are carried out due to several factors: the shape and structure, the presence of ligaments and muscles, the capsule and synovial bags. Movement options:

flexion and extension,
abduction and adduction,
rotation in and out.

Range of motion in healthy shoulder joint

Differential Diagnosis

The following criteria will help distinguish shoulder pain caused by muscle damage from joint diseases.

sign	Joint diseases	Muscular lesions
The nature of the pain syndrome	The pain is constant, does not disappear at rest, slightly increases with movement	Pain occurs or is greatly aggravated by a certain type of motor activity(depending on the injured muscle)
Pain localization	Unlimited, diffuse, spilled	It has a clear localization and certain boundaries, which depends on the localization of the damaged muscle fiber
Dependence on passive and active movements	All types of movements are limited due to the development of pain syndrome	Due to pain, the amplitude of active movements decreases, but all passive ones are preserved in full
Additional diagnostic features	Change in the shape, contours and size of the joint, its swelling, hyperemia	The joint area is not changed, but there may be swelling in the soft tissue area, slight diffuse redness and an increase in local temperature with inflammatory causes of pain

What to do?

If you are suffering from shoulder pain, which is associated with damage to muscle tissue, the first thing to do in order to get rid of such an unpleasant symptom is to identify the provoking factor and eliminate it.

If after that the pain still returns, you need to visit a doctor, perhaps the cause of the pain syndrome is completely different. The following tips will help you get rid of pain quickly:

in case of acute pain, it is necessary to immobilize the sore arm and provide it with complete rest;
on your own, you can take 1-2 tablets of an over-the-counter pain reliever of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug or apply it to the affected area in the form of an ointment or gel;
massage can be used only after the elimination of acute pain syndrome, as well as physiotherapy;
after the pain subsides, it is important to regularly engage in physiotherapy exercises to develop and strengthen the muscles of the shoulder;
if a person, on duty, is forced to perform daily monotonous hand movements, it is important to take care of protecting the muscles and preventing their damage (wear special bandages, protective and supporting orthoses, perform gymnastics to relax and strengthen, undergo regular therapeutic and preventive massage courses, etc.).

As a rule, the treatment of muscle pain caused by overexertion or mild injury lasts no more than 3-5 days and requires only rest, minimal stress on the hands, correction of the rest and work regimen, massage, and sometimes taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. If the pain does not go away or it initially has a high intensity, is accompanied by other alarming signs, it is imperative to visit a doctor for examination and correction of treatment.

Treatment

Chronic joint pain is often the result of a sedentary lifestyle, microtrauma or inflammation. In addition to drugs to relieve inflammation and gymnastic exercises a dietary supplement for food of the Glucosamine-Maximum line from Natur Product, which contains two active ingredients: glucosamine and chondroitin, has proven itself well. These substances are natural structural elements of healthy cartilage tissue and are directly involved in metabolic processes.

Due to their natural nature, they are well absorbed and stimulate the metabolism in cartilage cells, contribute to the restoration of the structure of cartilage tissue after the inflammatory process.

Therapy should be comprehensive and must include the following steps:

Eliminate the cause of the pain. It is necessary to treat the disease that provokes it.
Therapy aimed at stopping the development of pathological processes.
symptomatic treatment. Elimination of pain, obvious swelling, redness, fever, etc.
Recovery treatment. Aimed at the resumption of impaired joint functions.

There are conservative methods of treatment and surgical ones, but the latter are resorted to in the most advanced cases. Along with them, alternative medicine can also be used. Of the medicines for treatment, various ointments and creams with analgesic, anti-inflammatory effects, tablets, injection solutions are used.

Ointments for pain

Means for local treatment quickly improve blood circulation, relieve inflammation, and start recovery processes. The list of commonly prescribed drugs for pain relief and inflammation relief:

Diclofenac;
Fastum gel;
Ketonal;
Chondroxide;
Diklak;
ibuprofen;
Hondart;
Deep relief;
Voltaren;
Indomethacin;
Chondroitin.

If the pain is caused by a neglected disease and it is almost impossible to endure it, then it is advisable to prescribe drugs to the patient in the form of injections. The most effective drugs:

Diclofenac;
Metipred;
Flosteron;
Indomethacin;
Omnopon;
Diprospan;
Promedol.

Exercises

It will be possible to restore the mobility and function of the joint with the help of physiotherapy exercises. You can do it only after the pain syndrome of the shoulder region is completely stopped. It is preferable to visit a doctor and coordinate with him a set of exercises that is suitable for recovery. You should do no more than half an hour a day. good help rotational movements hands, lifting and lowering of the limbs, the grip of the lock.

ethnoscience

A few recipes for those who do not have enough traditional treatment:

Crush the herbs of lemon balm and mint in a mortar to let the juice flow. Attach them to the sore shoulder, wrap with a warm cloth, leave for an hour.
Grate some horseradish. Apply a compress with it to your shoulder, wrap it with a warm towel or woolen scarf and leave for a quarter of an hour.
Rub 1 tablespoon of calendula tincture on alcohol into the affected joint twice a day. Repeat until the discomfort is completely gone.

Causes of pain

The shoulder often hurts after serious physical activity- intensive sports training or lifting weights. A lot of lactic acid accumulates in the muscles, which is formed during the breakdown of glucose. It irritates the tissues, causing burning and pain. To get rid of them, a short rest is enough. But if the pain occurs more often, does not go away for a long time, then you should consult a doctor. There is a high probability of microtrauma of the articular cartilage and further development of osteoarthritis.

How are the bones of the forearm united?

The tubular bones of the forearm are united in a special way. Thanks to the joint, the radius bends around the ulna during actions. She forms it in both directions, hence the action. During this, the entire skeleton of the hand interacts organically, working in a single system.

During any action of the hand, the radius bypasses the ulna in a semicircle up to one hundred and forty degrees. This is an example of a very small movement, during which the hand and shoulder are involved. Other options involve all 360 degrees. The outer limbs are constantly moving, thus, the bones regulate all actions.

Hand movements are as natural as possible, without interference, thanks to the collagen from which the interosseous membrane is formed. It is formed between the ends of the radius and ulna. The photo of the skeleton clearly shows where the person has a joint with all its structure.

PULL-PULL

If none of the above helps, then you can always resort to the services of plastic surgeons. True, and here everything is not easy. Brachioplasty (shoulder lift) is a rather painful operation, and it is usually required to perform it several times, sometimes in combination with liposuction. During the operation, excess sagging skin is removed. The surgeon makes an incision from the armpit to the elbow on the inside of the shoulder, then excised all excess fat and skin. After such an operation, traces remain, although over time the scars fade. The stitches are removed after two weeks, compression underwear must be worn for a month, and after one and a half to two months, sports are allowed.

fractures

The tubular bones of the forearm are very thin, therefore they can easily break with minor violations. Types of fractures:

Fracture of the middle part of the tubular bone. As a rule, in this case, a parallel violation of both bones of the forearm occurs.
Monteggia defects. Fracture associated with dislocation of the head of the bone.
Galezzi violation. Fracture in several places with dislocation of the head.
Classic beam fracture. Fracture of the head and main radius, which joins the wrist.

First aid - fix the hand with a special splint, or improvised means. Also, pain medication will be required. A complex and at the same time simple way to correct a fracture is instantaneous reduction with the imposition of plaster, for further fusion. If splinters and displacement have formed during the fracture, after anesthesia, traction and countertraction for the shoulder section are performed. The position is fixed in exactly the same way.

Body of the humerus

Between the upper and lower ends there is a diaphysis, which acts as a lever for receiving the main load, it has a non-uniform cross section: at the top, the shape is cylindrical, and closer to the lower end, a transition is made to a trihedral form.

This view is determined by the front, outer and inner ridges that stretch in this area.

On the body of the bone stand out:

literal surface- in the region of the upper third of this part of the body, the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus is distinguished, a relief area along which the muscle of the same name is attached, raising the shoulder outward to the horizontal plane,
medial surface- here the furrow of the radial nerve descends in a spiral, the ulnar nerve itself lies in it, coming close to the bone in this place, as well as the deep brachial arteries,
nutrient hole- located on the medial front and leads to the distal nutrient canal through which small arteries pass.

Reference! Most of the diaphysis is a compact substance. On the body of the bone, which borders the medullary cavity, the lamellar bone tissue forms the crossbars of the spongy substance. The space of the tubular body is filled with bone marrow.

Strengthening of muscles and ligaments is carried out with a small weight, gradually increasing, and a large number of repetitions.
Push-ups in all sorts of options with own weight will prepare the muscle to stabilize the shoulder when lifting large weights. Perform exercises on the floor, on a hill, or do push-ups from a bench or on the uneven bars.
For trained athletes, which increase muscle mass or increase strength, can perform exercises with a large weight, allowing you to perform no more than 12 repetitions of 3-4 sets.

Shoulder joint hurts: treatment with folk methods

Treatment of a diseased joint with folk methods is possible only as a complex therapy with medications. Most effective recipes are:

1. Alcohol remedy:

Take 3 tablespoons of lilac flowers and 1 tablespoon of chopped burdock root;

Mix them with 3 pods of hot pepper and pour 1 liter of alcohol;

Insist for three days and rub into the affected joint.

2. Home ointment:

Melt 200 g of lard;

Add there three tablespoons of St. John's wort;

Mix everything well and lubricate the sore shoulder with the finished ointment daily.

3. Vinegar Remedy:

Mix 200 ml of vinegar and 100 ml of olive oil;

Add a pinch of hot pepper;

Soak gauze in the finished composition and apply a compress to the shoulder. Leave for two hours. Repeat the procedure daily.

4. Herbal remedy:

Mix 200 ml of fresh honey with cinquefoil grass, and a spoonful of horsetail;

Apply on the shoulder and leave for two hours. Repeat for a week.

When using traditional medicine recipes, it is recommended to consult with your doctor, as for some diseases it is contraindicated to apply warm compresses.

Physiotherapy

Stretch in the doorway

Warm up your muscles by standing in a doorway with your arms out to the sides.
Grasp the sides of the opening with both hands at or below shoulder height. Lean forward until you feel a slight stretch.
Keep your back straight and shift your body weight onto your toes. You should feel a stretch in the front of your shoulder. Don't stretch too hard.

Lateral rotation lying on the floor

Lie on the side opposite the injured arm.
Bend the elbow of the injured arm 90 degrees and lean on the other arm. The forearm should be at the level of the abdomen.
Hold a light dumbbell and, without raising your elbow, slowly raise the dumbbell toward the ceiling. Stop rotating the arm if pain occurs.
Hold the dumbbell up for a few seconds before returning to the starting position.
Do 3 sets of 10 to 3 times a day. Increase the number of repetitions to 20 when doing 10 repetitions is already easy.

Expander pull to the body

Attach the expander to something stable at shoulder height or higher. Make sure you attach it securely enough to allow you to pull the expander towards you.
Get down on one knee. The injured arm should be on the opposite side of the bent knee. Straighten up. The knee on which you lowered should be in line with the body. Place your other hand on your bent knee.
Holding the expander with an outstretched hand, pull your elbow towards you. Keep your back straight and bring your shoulder blades together as you pull the band towards you. The body should not move during the exercise.

Mahi dumbbells

Stand with your feet shoulder-width apart and slightly bend at the knees. Keep your back straight and lean forward slightly.
Using light dumbbells, raise your arms to the sides (do not unbend your arms at the elbows). Squeeze your shoulder blades together during this phase of the exercise. Do not raise your arms above shoulder level.
Return to starting position and do 3 sets of 10 reps.

Exercise "Lawn Mower"

Place your feet shoulder-width apart. Press one end of the expander with the foot opposite to the injured arm. Take the other end of the expander in the injured hand so that the expander tape crosses your body diagonally.
Place your free hand on your thigh and bend slightly at the lower back (do not unbend your knees) so that the hand holding the expander is parallel to the opposite knee.
As if starting a lawn mower in slow motion, straighten your body, moving your elbow across your body towards your ribs. Keep your shoulders relaxed and pull your shoulder blades together as you straighten up.
Do 3 sets of 10 reps.

People's secrets

In the absence of contraindications and a doctor's ban, you can use affordable and inexpensive means:

white cabbage leaf(in the summer also a burdock leaf) is rolled out with a rolling pin and applied to the sore joint in the form of a compress.
Swamp cinquefoil can be used both as a raw material for the manufacture of ointments, and as the basis for a drink.
Cowberry leaf tea effective in diabetes (and diabetes provokes adhesive capsulitis). In addition, lingonberry tea has disinfectant properties. But be careful! This folk remedies there are very serious contraindications - gastritis and ulcers, allergies and individual intolerance.

ACTIVE POSITION

Of the salon procedures, laser nanoperforation helps to improve skin tone: with the help of an apparatus, tens of thousands of the finest microchannels are “pierced” on the skin. Such an impact makes the cells work with a vengeance, starting the regeneration processes. As a result, the skin is completely renewed, tightened, and becomes more elastic. Initially, redness may occur, it will disappear within 2-3 days, peeling can last about a week. The effect of the procedure appears gradually, intensifying during the year.

MASSAGE ROOM

Another way to increase elasticity in this area is massage. It helps to improve blood circulation, and hence the nutrition of the skin. You can carry it out on your own, using special lifting tools, or in the salon. A massage with mummy has a good effect. This substance does not dissolve in oil or greasy cream. Therefore, the tablet or powder must first be soaked in a small amount of warm water, and then mixed with the cream. If you do not like the smell of mummy, you can add aromatic oils - for example, mint, orange or fir: they go well together. If you have no contraindications (diseases of the veins), you can do it at home vacuum massage. Special jars for it are sold in pharmacies. You just need to be careful, as the skin of the hands in these places is delicate and it can be damaged by too active exposure.

Useful video

A short video clip about why the shoulder joint hurts

It is strictly forbidden to independently use traditional medicine recipes, perform gymnastic procedures and massaging without prior consultation with a treating professional. Self-medication can aggravate the situation of a person and provoke complications.

Complete prevention of pain in the shoulder joint right hand it is possible to achieve only with a timely appeal to a medical institution for examination and verification of the basic prerequisite.

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Pozharov Ivan

Therapeutic exercise and prevention

Exercise therapy is the main treatment for tendinitis. Active movements (rotation of the shoulders, raising the arms above the head, swinging, spreading the arms to the sides) should be used when the pain subsides.

During the period when movements still cause pain, you need to use the following exercises:

Postisometric relaxation: a combination of tension in the sore shoulder joint followed by relaxation without movement.
Passive exercises with a sore shoulder using a healthy arm.
Pulling up a sore arm with the help of improvised means (a rope or a cord thrown over a pipe or a crossbar at the top).
Leading the diseased arm to the side with support on a gymnastic stick.
Pendulum movements with a sick hand in a relaxed state.

Simple examples of exercise therapy exercises:

As props, you will need a rather long towel and a reinforced transverse bar (horizontal bar). You should throw a towel over the horizontal bar and grab the ends with both hands. Gently lowering the healthy arm down, the diseased limb must be slowly raised up. At the first symptoms of pain, you should hold your hand in this position for three seconds. Return to starting point.
You need to take a stick (gymnastic). Place emphasis on the floor on the outstretched arm from the patient and describe a circle with the injured hand. The amplitude must be large.
Fix the hand of the diseased hand on a healthy shoulder, if necessary, using the help of a healthy one. With a working limb, take hold of the elbow of the injured arm and gently, without sudden movements, lift the affected arm up. At the peak of the lift, fix the position for three seconds. Increase the amplitude of the lifts daily.
Lowered, clasped in front of you in the lock hands gently raise up. So the load falls on the tendons of a healthy hand, it pulls the patient along with it, like a tugboat.
Step back slightly from the chair in front of you. Rest your working hand on his back. The torso is bent at the lower back, and the sore arm should just hang down. Start swinging with a sore hand, like a pendulum, gradually increasing the pace.
Place the palm of the left hand on the right elbow, and the right hand on the left, respectively. Raise your folded arms to chest level, parallel to the floor, and start swinging in one direction or the other.

Tendinitis of the shoulder joint will not develop:

If you dose the loads, limiting their intensity and duration
Emergency methods are unacceptable with poor general fitness (for example, they didn’t do anything for a whole year, and then they suddenly wanted to dig up a plot in the country in a day, plaster walls and ceilings, etc.)
Before any active load, whether it be sports or work, a light warm-up workout is necessary.
Make sure to take breaks for rest during prolonged exertion

Many people know about such a muscle as biceps (biceps), but few people understand the features of its structure and its true name. It is extremely difficult to swing arms without this information, so it is advisable to familiarize yourself with all the anatomical details before drawing up a training plan. In this case, you can achieve results in a shorter time.

The biceps brachii is attached to the bones of the scapula with a tendon. got its name muscle, thanks to the two heads that can be seen in this image:

The picture clearly shows what parts the biceps of the shoulder consists of, namely:

Short bicep head. This part of the biceps brachii begins at the coracoid process on the outside of the shoulder blade. From it, the muscle runs along the inner surface of the bone to the long head. The short half of the biceps does not have an oblong tendon, but it has more muscle tissue;
Long head of biceps. It is localized on the lateral surface of the upper limb and starts its way from the protrusion in the region of the scapula, which is located directly above the recess of the shoulder joint. This place is called supraarticular tubercle. The long head has a fairly pronounced tendon, but at the same time a short section of muscle tissue.

If you look at the structure of the biceps of the hand from above, you will notice that both heads are intertwined as they approach the elbow joint, creating a kind of abdomen. It is attached to the elbow with the help of the biceps tendon. Together, both heads create a powerful flexor, that is, a flexor.

Function

Having studied the structural features of the biceps of the shoulder, you can understand what its main functions are. According to its anatomy, the biceps is a limb flexor in the elbow joint and allows you to rotate (supinate) the hand. The long head of the muscle comes into play when the shoulder muscle tissues contract, for example, while raising the arms up.

For a full stretch of the long part of the biceps, the elbows will have to be pulled back. If you need to load the short head of the biceps, then they need to be moved slightly forward from the body. This nuance is useful for beginner bodybuilders, since certain hand positions affect the pumping of problematic muscle tissues. That is why any athlete should study the functions of the biceps before pumping their arms.

stress points

The biceps of the shoulder during training is constantly loaded and excessive overexertion can create tension points. For example, this can happen during a hill climb or after a barbell press. In bodybuilders, the main reason for the appearance of such points is the transfer heavy weight on elbows or outstretched limbs. However simple people also not immune to them. After all, any activity accompanied by heavy overloads can cause pain and weakness in certain areas of the arm, which are symptoms of stress points.

You can find out about their presence by pain in the area of \u200b\u200bthe biceps muscle. Sometimes discomfort is localized on the front surface of the shoulder. At the same time, people pay attention to the restrictions that have arisen, which were not there before. For example, weakness when straightening the arm or the appearance of pain during palpation of the tendon on which the biceps is attached to the elbow.

To identify such points, you should put the limb on flat surface in front of. First, it needs to be slightly bent at the elbow joint. Then, with the help of palpation, you should look for points of tension.

You need to start palpation from the cubital fossa and gradually move along the tendon to the abdomen of the biceps.

Fingers should not be easy to poke, but smoothly lead, massaging the outer and inside muscle tissues. In the direction of travel, you can feel the seals and next to them there are often points of tension. Usually they are localized 1/3 of the way along the biceps muscle. If such places are found, they need to be massaged until discomfort decreases.

Pain in the biceps

The biceps of the shoulder usually endures loads, but sometimes pain of a different nature occurs in it. In such a situation, you need to know the reasons due to which it may manifest itself:

If suspicious symptoms are found in the biceps muscle, it is necessary to consult a therapist. To conduct an examination, he can send the patient to a physiotherapist, traumatologist, rheumatologist, etc. After identifying the main cause of the pain, an appropriate course of therapy is prescribed.

The biceps muscle is known to most people as the biceps. Knowing its features, you can quickly and efficiently pump your hands and avoid injuries that are associated with excessive overloads. However, this muscle is in constant tension, so care must be taken not to cause strange symptoms. If they are identified, you should immediately contact a specialist.