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List of basic and auxiliary educational literature for the study of disciplines read at the Department of Theory and Methods of Basketball:

Main literature:

1. Basketball: Textbook for IFC / Under the general. ed. PortnovaYu. M. - M.: Astra seven, 1997.

2. Kazakov S.V. Sport games. Encyclopedic reference book. R-nad., 2004.

3. Kostikova L.V. The ABC of Basketball. - M.: Physicalculture and sport, 2001.

4. Nesterovsky D.I. Basketball. Theory and methods of teaching. Textbook for students of higher educational institutions. -: Publishing Center "Academy".2008.

5. Kostikova L.V., Rodionov A.V., Chernov S.G. Targeted comprehensive program to prepare Russian athletes for the Games XXX 2012 London Olympics (basketball). - M., RFB, 2005..1pt">

6. Kostikova L.V. Suslov F.P. Furaeva N.V. The structure of training basketball teams in the annual competitive training cycle ( methodological developments). Moscow 2002 letter-spacing:-.1pt">

7. Krause D., Meyer D., Meyer J. Basketball - skills and exercises. M. AST. Astrel. 2006. 216 p.

8. FIBA 2010 Official Basketball Rules. Approved by the FIBA ​​2010 Central Bank.

9. Program for educational and training groups of sports nogo perfection SDUSHOR. Basketball. - M., 2004.-.1pt">

10. Portnov Yu. M. Fundamentals of training-co-management jealous process in sports games. - M., 1996.

12. Chernov S.V., Kostikova L.V., Fomin S.G. Fast Break Basketball: Learning and Improving. Tutorial. M., FK, 2009.

13. Yakhontov E.R. Psychological preparation of basketball players. Tutorial. S-P. 2000. 58 p.

Additional literature: line-height:150%">

1. Barrel Payet, Patrick Payet. Basketball for juniors. 110 exercises from easy to difficult. TVT Division. Moscow 2008.

2. Gomelsky E.Ya. Psychological aspects of modern basketball. Moscow, 2010.

3. Jose Piscopo. Exercises to win basketball. Voronezh, 2006.

4. Basketball training methods. Methodical journal. Modern basketball. Edited by Belash V.V. Yuzhny, October, 2005 - 56 p.

5. Likhachev O.E., Fomin S.G., Chernov S.V., Mazurina A.V. Theory and methods of teaching the game of defense in basketball. Tutorial. Moscow-Smolensk, 2011.

6. Lunichkin V., Chernov S., Chernyshev S. Positional attack tactics against personal defense. Method. allowance for trainers of the Youth Sports School. Moscow, 2002.

7. Methodical guide for referees-secretaries in basketball. Moscow, 2009.

8. Sidyakin A.I., Gomelsky E.Ya. Jump throw technique. Guidelines for children's basketball coaches. Moscow, 2010.

9. Sokolovsky B.I., Kostikova L.V. Glossary of basketball terms in English and Russian. Moscow, RFB, 2012.

10. 100 years of Russian basketball: history, events, people (Text): reference book / Compiled by V.B. Kvaskov. - M.: Soviet sport. 2006. - 274 p.: ill.

Software and Internet Resources:

1. www.fiba.com - Website of the International Basketball Federation

Conclusion

The purpose of the course work was to systematize the knowledge gained in the classroom pedagogy.

The object of the course work was knowledge in the field of physical culture in the game of basketball.

The subject of this work was the process of processing knowledge into a form that is possible for teaching (training sessions).

To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved:

1) Theoretical material on the game of basketball was studied.

2) The obtained knowledge on the topic of basketball is compared with knowledge in the field of pedagogy;

3) A system of theoretical lessons in basketball has been developed.

To solve the tasks set, the method of studying and analyzing the literature on the research topic was taken as a basis.

The first chapter reviewed the existing literature on the history of basketball.

The second chapter was practical, devoted to the development of a system of basketball lessons, drawing up thematic planning and writing detailed plans - notes.

During the study, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. First stage Teaching children of primary school age basketball is a pedagogical process that contains two sides that complement each other - learning and independent work. Moreover, when working with children of primary school age, education is of paramount importance.

1. The main tasks at the stage initial training are to ensure the comprehensive preparedness of those involved, their mastery of the information received.

2. Training program, built on the basis of the use of the game of basketball had a positive impact.

3. Teaching young athletes the history of basketball has two main goals: to familiarize children of primary school age with the history of basketball and to attract them to specialized departments of the Youth Sports School.

bibliography

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16. Lyalikova N. N. Basketball: game and education: textbook. allowance [for students of all special. tech. universities, teachers and coaches in basketball] / N.N. Lyalikova; M-in higher education and science Ros. Federation, Om. state tech. un-t. - Omsk: Publishing House of OmGTU, 2004. - 107 p.;

17. Mikhalev P.F. Continents applaud them. - Moscow: Pravda, 1967. - 64 p.;

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19. N. Lyubimov XV Olympic Games. M., FiS, 1957 .;

20. N. Lyubimov XVI Olympic Games. M., "Soviet Russia", 1960.;

21. Collection “Basketball coaches are talking”, issue 2. M., FiS, 1961.;

22. Collection of materials of the All-Russian scientific-practical conference "Modern basketball - present and future". - Moscow: RGUFKSiT, 2009. - 226 p.;

23. Sedov A.M. The ball over the ring: [From the history of basketball in Abkhazia]. - . - Sukhumi: Alashara, 1990. - 153, p.;

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25. Shustikov G. S. Features training process in school basketball: textbook /G. S. Shustikov. - Moscow: Natalis, 2011. - 44, p.

ABSTRACT on discipline: Physical culture.

Made by a student of the group

PK22-16

Sidorova Victoria

On the topic "Basketball"

Introduction

The emergence of basketball

1. The history of the development of basketball

2. The emergence of professional leagues

3. Basic rules

4. Role of the players

5. Playing technique

5.1. Attack technique

5.2. Protection technique

6. Violations

Conclusion

Bibliography

INTRODUCTION

Basketball (English basket - basket, ball - ball) is a sports team game with a ball. Basketball is one of the most popular types sports. Basketball is played by two teams, each of which consists of five field players (in total, each team has 12 people, substitutions are not limited). The goal of each team is to throw the ball with their hands into the opponent's net ring (basket) and prevent the other team from taking possession of the ball and throwing it into their own basket. The basket is at a height of 3.05 m (10 ft) from the floor. For a ball thrown from close and medium distances, two points are counted, from a far one (because of the 3-point line) - three points; A free throw is worth one point. The standard size of a basketball court is 28 meters long and 15 meters wide. Basketball is one of the most popular sports in the world. Basketball players are characterized by a well-developed eye, a wide field of vision. Emotional game raises the mood of a person, makes him sociable and contact. Since its inception (1891, USA), basketball has undergone many changes and refinements. The technique and tactics of the game were improved, the rules of competitions and refereeing, the size of the playing field, its markings and equipment were specified. The game has become widespread all over the world, numerous meetings and basketball competitions, up to intercontinental ones, began to be held. Basketball has been part of the Olympic Games program since 1936 (the inventor of the game, James Naismith, was there as a guest). The regular World Basketball Championships for men have been held since 1950, for women since 1953, and the European Championships since 1935. International club competitions are held in Europe: Euroleague, Eurocup, FIBA ​​Challenge Cup. This game has reached its greatest development in the USA: the championship of the National Basketball Association (NBA) has been the strongest national club tournament in the world for more than 50 years. Basketball is considered the national sport in Lithuania. A holistic pedagogical system for training basketball players has emerged. IN modern life more use of classes exercise not aimed at achieving high results, but to increase their health-improving effect on the broad masses of the population. To solve such a global problem, the most effective means are, first of all, sports games. Modern basketball is in a stage of rapid creative upsurge, aimed at intensifying actions, both in attack and in defense. Basketball is one of the means physical development and education of youth. In accordance with the comprehensive program of physical education for schoolchildren, basketball is one of the means of physical education. The technique of playing basketball is diverse. The most important technique are throws. The success of the game ultimately depends on the accuracy of the throw. By throwing the ball, schoolchildren begin to study in the 5th grade. However, we did not find any literature data reflecting the level of schoolchildren's ability to learn throws, which are studied according to school curriculum. Knowledge of the level of learning and the dynamics of the formation of the throwing technique will allow teachers to select and use in the lesson the means that provide learning for more high level.

THE ORIGIN OF BASKETBALL

In the winter of 1891, college students of the Youth Christian Association in Springfield, Massachusetts, forced to perform endless gymnastic exercises, considered at that time almost the only means of introducing young people to sports, it was very boring in physical education classes. It was necessary to put an end to the monotony of such activities, to introduce a fresh stream into them, which would be able to satisfy the competitive needs of strong and healthy young people. A way out of a seemingly dead-end situation was found by college teacher James Naismith. On December 21, 1891, he tied two peach baskets to the balcony railing. gym and, dividing eighteen students into two teams, offered them a game, the meaning of which was to throw more balls into the opponents' basket. The idea of ​​this game originated in his school years, when children played the old game "duck-on-a-rock" ("Duck on a stone"). The meaning of this game, popular at that time, was as follows: throwing a small stone, it was necessary to hit the top of another stone, larger in size, with it. Quite pragmatically named “basketball”, the game only remotely resembled modern basketball. There was no dribbling, the players only threw it to each other, standing still, and then tried to throw it into the basket, and only with both hands from below or from the chest, and after a successful throw, one of the players climbed onto a ladder attached to the wall and removed the ball from the basket . WITH modern point from the point of view of the actions of the teams would seem to us sluggish and inhibited, however, the goal of Dr. Naismith was to create a game that was collective, in which a large number of participants could be involved at the same time, and his invention fully met this task.

HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF BASKETBALL

Originally created to revitalize gymnastics lessons, basketball has gradually turned into a sports game with all its inherent features. In 1894 in the United States, the first official rules of the game were published, according to which competitions began to be held. A significant event in the development of the game was the creation on June 18, 1932. International Basketball Federation - FIBA. In 1935 IOC decides to recognize basketball olympic view sports. Basketball was gaining more and more popularity, but since the first game, the technique, tactics and rules of the game have changed. Today, two teams of 5 people play on a 28x15m court. The game lasts 4 halves of 10 minutes of pure time. If at the end of playing time the score in the game remains equal, an additional period of 5 minutes is assigned, there can be an unlimited number of such periods. The team with the most points wins. For a goal scored from behind the three-point line, 3 points are assigned, from the area to the three-point line - 2, from the free throw line - 1 point. The origins of modern basketball. Basketball is perhaps the only popular sport whose date and place of origin is known for certain. Basketball has changed over time... Naismith, of course. couldn't imagine modern sports arenas filled with thousands of fans because he just invented basketball as an indoor activity for his students to play during the long New England winter, so it was a game of patience in the beginning and strategies… Most of the first games had a score that never went over 15 or 20 points. Although basketball has always been an athletic game, the opportunities to show "airiness" in it allowed the development of athletes who could perform aerial acrobatics that Dr. Naismith could only dream of. First time on Olympic Games basketball was introduced in Berlin in 1936. At the height of the game, Naismith was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame, despite the fact that he was already named after him. Basketball has come a long way since James Naismith and is one of the most popular sports today. sports in the world

THE APPEARANCE OF PROFESSIONAL LEAGUES

The first officially registered association of professional basketball teams, called the National Basketball League, arose in 1898 and existed for five years, after which it broke up into several independent leagues that held their own championships. One of the innovations, designed to speed up the game, but in fact only increased the risk of injury to athletes, was the introduction of a wire mesh that encloses the basketball court on all sides. Thanks to her, the ball always remained in the game, but only the most desperate dared to fight for possession at the net, coming out of such martial arts with numerous bruises and long-lasting imprints of the net all over the body. Such fences, more suitable for hockey games or fights without rules, were canceled only in 1929. Fortunately, there were much more reasonable innovations. Back in 1892, they began to cut out the bottom of the baskets so as not to climb the stairs to them after each goal scored, and then completely replaced them with metal rings. However, a ball accurately sent into such a ring could hit it without hitting the temples, which often caused controversy over the effectiveness of the throw, and cylindrical rope nets appeared on the rings, slightly tapering downwards, clearly fixing each hit of the ball into the ring. At the first basketball games, the spectators, located on the balcony behind the basket, often prevented the visiting team from hitting it, simply beating the balls sent to the basket of their favorite team. Such extraneous interference caused in 1893 the appearance of a barrier shield between the ring and the balcony, and a little later it turned out that it was much easier to hit the ball into the ring with a rebound from the shield than to try to hit the ring itself directly. The rules of the game also changed gradually. Practice has shown that violations of the rules when attacking the ring should be punished with a free throw made without interference from a distance of 4.57 m from the ring (1894), that two points should be awarded for a successful field goal, and one point for a free throw ( 1895) that five people on each side are the optimal number of athletes simultaneously taking part in the game (1897). Each player was allowed to commit no more than five violations of the rules per match - the sixth error automatically led to his removal from the site until the end of the meeting. The most heated discussions flared up around dribbling. However, without coming to a consensus on this issue, different leagues held their tournaments according to their own rules - in some, dribbling was strictly forbidden, in others it was allowed to hit the ball on the court only a certain number of times, and in others, dribbling was allowed without any restrictions, that is, by knocking the ball on the floor, the player could catch it, and then resume guiding again and repeat this procedure ad infinitum. But in any case, the ball was dribbling with both hands simultaneously. The Basketball Association of America (BAA) was formed in 1946. The first match under her auspices took place on November 1 of the same year in Toronto (Canada) between the Toronto Huskies and New York Knickerbockers. After three playing seasons, in 1949, the association merged with the US National Basketball League to form the National Basketball Association (NBA). By the middle of the century, basketball had become widespread in educational institutions, becoming one of the key sports there, and as a result of this, interest has proportionally increased in professional basketball. In 1959, the Hall of Fame was established in Springfield, home of the first basketball game in history, honoring the most significant players, coaches, referees, and others who have made significant contributions to the game. About a decade later, in 1967, another organization was formed, the American Basketball Association, which competed with the NBA for some time; however, it also did not remain independent for long and after 9 years it merged with the National Basketball Association. The latter is currently one of the most influential and well-known professional basketball leagues in the world.

BASIC RULES

Basketball is played by two teams, each with five players. The goal of each team in basketball is to shoot the ball into the opponent's basket and interfere with the other team, take possession of the ball, and shoot it into the basket. The winner in basketball is the team with the most points at the end of playing time. According to the rules of basketball, the game consists of four periods of ten minutes with breaks of two minutes. The duration of the break between halves of the game is fifteen minutes. If the score is tied at the end of the fourth period, the game is extended by an additional period of five minutes, or by as many periods of five minutes as necessary to break the balance in the score. The teams must switch baskets before the third period. The game officially begins with a jump ball in the center circle when the ball is legally tapped by one of the jumpers. In basketball, the ball is played only with the hands. Running with the ball, intentionally kicking it, blocking it with any part of the foot, or punching it is a foul. Accidental contact or touching of the ball with the foot or leg is not a violation. If a player accidentally throws the ball from the court into his own basket, the points are recorded to the opposing captain. If a player deliberately shoots the ball from the court into his basket, it is a violation and no points are scored. If a player forces the ball into the basket from below, it is a foul. A turn occurs when a player has a live ball on the court and steps one or more times in any direction with the same foot while the other foot, called the pivot foot, maintains its place of contact with the floor. Whenever a player gains control of a live ball on the court, a shot attempt must be made by his team within twenty-four seconds. The greatest pleasure from the game can be obtained if you learn how to correctly perform the basic techniques - passing, dribbling, throwing in the basket, defending, picking up and finishing off the bounced ball. At first, for a beginner, probably, not everything will turn out as smoothly as for an experienced athlete. But experience is a matter of time. Each team consists of five players and seven substitutes. Athletes wear uniforms in contrasting colors. On the jersey of each player, on the chest and on the back, a number is drawn. On international competition numbers from 4 to 15 are allowed. Two basketball players of the same team cannot have the same numbers. The game begins with a dropped ball in the center circle. Two people, one from each team, stand in the center circle, each in a semicircle on their own side of the court. The referee throws the ball between them so that none of the jumping players who are trying to throw the falling ball in the direction of their partners can touch it above the flight point. Arguing players are not allowed to catch the ball. When it is played, the remaining eight athletes must be located outside the center circle until the ball is put into play. Once the team has the ball, the players can pass it to each other. While standing still, the player is not allowed to take more than one step with the ball in his hands. Transfers are the most in a simple way ball movement. The team is not limited in their number before the throw attempt. Usually, before throwing the ball into the basket, the team performs several passes, but this is not required. Another way to move the ball is to dribble. It allows the player to move with the ball around the court without the help of partners. The dribble is carried out by successive hits of the ball on the floor with the hand. A player is not limited in the number of strokes he can make while dribbling, but if he catches it after dribbling, he is not allowed to dribble again. He must pass the ball to a partner or try to shoot it into the opponent's basket. A technical player knows how to dribble the ball with any hand without looking at it, but watching the actions of other basketball players on the court. There are no restrictions in the game regarding which player and from which position can throw the ball into the ring. Everyone in possession of the ball within the area has the right to shoot, but, of course, the closer he is to the basket, the more likely he is to succeed. The ball must be directed directly into the hoop or backboard after a hit that rebounds into the basket. On a failed throw, the ball bounces off the ring or backboard, and either team may attempt to take possession of it. The players of the attacking team try to finish the ball in the basket immediately or, having mastered it, make repeated throws. The team has 30 seconds to shoot for the basket. If this rule is violated, the ball is transferred to the other team. Violations of the rules that are not considered a foul are simply errors: running with the ball in the hands (jogging), punching the ball, dribbling with two hands, repeated (double) dribbling, kicking the ball out of bounds, kicking. For errors or fouls that do not result in the award of free throws, the game is restarted with a throw-in from the sideline of the spot closest to the place of the infringement. The athlete must put the ball into play within five seconds. After a successful shot for a field goal or a successful last free throw, the ball is put into play by members of the opposing team from behind the end line. basketball game served by two judges and secretarial staff. Judges move to different sides sites. They have different rights. The secretarial apparatus includes a timekeeper, a secretary and a 30-second operator. The referees conduct the game by blowing the whistle and using a system of gestures to show their decisions. The secretary sums up the score in the game protocol in chronological order. It records field goals, free throw hits and misses, registers the fouls received by each player, and immediately informs the chief referee when a player receives a fifth personal caution. He also informs the referees when the team commits eight fouls (after which any of them is punished with two free throws). The secretary registers the minute breaks taken by each team and notifies the coach through the referees if he takes a second half-out in one half of the game. It shows the number of fouls committed by the player using numbered markers and also notifies the field officials of substitutions. The timekeeper controls the playing time and announces the end of the period with a special signal. The game consists of two periods of 20 minutes each. In the event of a tie, an additional 5-minute period is assigned, or as many such periods as are required in order to change the tie score. The game clock registers only pure game time. When the judge in the field gives a signal, the timekeeper stops the clock and restarts it at the moment when, after putting the ball into play, it is touched by one of the basketball players on the court. The clock stops when free throws are taken. The 30 second time operator ensures that the team has no more than 30 seconds of possession of the ball before the throw, and gives a signal if this rule is violated. After the end of the first period, the teams are given a 10-minute break. The second period begins with a dropped ball, also in cases where both teams have equal rights to possession of the ball. The team in possession of the ball within 10 seconds must advance it to the opponent's half. After that, the ball cannot be returned to its backcourt. This will be a mistake. Each team has its own captain. If the captain leaves the pitch, he must notify the referees which of the players will take over his duties. The tactics of the team's game is usually controlled by the coach, who decides which of the basketball players will start the game, who should be replaced and when. The number of substitutions in a match is not limited. Substitution is allowed only when the ball is dead (out of play) and time is stopped, and if this happened after a violation of the rules, then only if the replacing team will have the ball. Because after a goal scored from a field goal, no signal is given and time does not stop. Substitution is not permitted in this case. In addition to substitution, the coach may ask for a one-minute break (time-out). He is allowed to take two minute breaks in each half of the game and one in each extra period. A time-out may only be granted when the ball is dead and the playing time has been set. For a successful shot from the field, the team is awarded two points. The one with the most points wins. A team is considered defeated if it refuses to continue the game or if there are less than two players left in its composition. The most important thing is to remember the first rule - when holding the ball, hold it with your fingers and never clasp it with your palms.

ROLE OF THE PLAYERS

To achieve success, coordinated actions of all teams, subordination of their actions to a common task, are necessary. The actions of each team player have a specific focus, according to which basketball players are distinguished by role: The center player must be tall, athletic, have excellent endurance and jumping ability; winger is first and foremost high growth, speed and jumping ability, a well-developed sense of time and space, sniper abilities, the ability to assess the game situation and attack boldly and decisively; The defender must be as fast as possible, agile and enduring, reasonable and attentive. The distribution of players by function is one of the basic principles of gaming activity. Players are distinguished by role not only by playing techniques and location on the court, but also by their psychophysiological characteristics. The effectiveness of game actions is closely related to the indicators of sensorimotor response. The most integrative sensorimotor indicator is the "sense of time", which can be considered as a component of the special abilities of basketball players. The development of the “sense of time” is based on the activity of a complex of analyzers, since the perception of time is associated with spatial perception. Basketball players of various roles need to have a specialized perception of time intervals. The players of the back line should be well oriented in the intervals of 5-10 s, which is associated with the organization of the game, the center players - in the interval of 3 s, allotted by the rules for playing in the penalty area; front line players - during 1s - the most stable throw interval. Teams seek to gain an advantage over the opponent by masking their plans and at the same time trying to reveal the enemy. The game proceeds with the interaction of the players of the whole team and the resistance of the opposing players, making every effort to take the ball away and organize an attack. In this regard, the requirements for the operational thinking of the player come to the fore. It has been proven that representatives of sports games have a significant advantage in the speed of decision-making compared to representatives of many other sports. The speed of thinking is especially important when it is necessary to take into account the likelihood of a change in the situation, as well as when making decisions in emotionally stressful conditions. To assess the psycho-physiological functions that determine the success of the game activity of basketball players, methods of studying speed and accuracy are used. motor actions, as well as the volume, distribution and switching of attention, etc.

TECHNIQUE OF THE GAME 1. 1

ATTACKING TECHNIQUE

The following techniques are used in attack: movement, jumps, stops and turns, catching and passing the ball, throws to the basket, dribbling and feints. 6.1.1. Movement, jumps, stops and turns. This group of techniques is of great importance for playing the game. Before performing any technique, the basketball player occupies the most stable position in which the legs are bent, the feet are parallel to the width of the shoulders or one is set forward, the body is slightly inclined, the weight of the body is distributed evenly on both legs, the arms are bent in front of the body. Of great importance in the technique of performing various techniques of playing with the ball is holding the ball. When throwing with two hands, you should not touch the ball with the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe palms, the ball must be held with your fingertips, which will allow you to better control the ball and achieve greater accuracy of hitting. Movement is carried out, as a rule, by running in short segments. While running, the basketball player puts his foot on the whole foot or rolls from heel to toe, significantly bending both legs. When accelerating, running is performed with a short step, the leg is placed on the front of the foot. Jumps are performed with a push with two legs (from a place and in motion) and one (in motion). To perform jumps in motion, the basketball player makes the last step wider. When jumping with a push of one leg, he sharply takes out the swing leg, bent at the knee, up, and when jumping with a push with two legs, he substitutes the fly leg to the supporting leg and simultaneously pushes up with both legs. Before the push, the legs are always bent. It is important to push off quickly and vigorously. Long jumps are much less common. Stops are performed with a jump and two steps. In the first case, before stopping, the player, pushing off with one foot, makes a low jump forward, tilts the body back and lands on both legs or on one. Turns are performed with and without the ball, in the pivot position and in the air. Turns with the ball according to the rules of the game can be performed while standing on one foot and pushing off the other. They allow the ball carrier to get out of control of the opponent, change the direction of the attack or beat the defender. Turns are performed forward and backward from various starting positions in relation to the enemy, to any number of degrees, in front and behind standing leg.

6.1.2. Catching the ball. Catching the ball is performed with one hand and two hands at different heights (above the head, at chest level, waist and below), in various conditions (on the spot, in motion, in a jump). In addition, in the game you have to catch the ball rolling on the court and rebounding from it, without resistance and with the resistance of the opponent. The most reliable catching the ball with two hands. Catching a ball flying at medium height is more common than others. Its technique consists in the fact that the player exposes straightened, slightly relaxed arms with hands open in the form of a funnel towards the flying ball. At the moment the fingers touch the ball, he bends his arms, grabs the ball from both sides and pulls it to the body, taking up the starting position for subsequent actions. The technique of catching a ball flying high depends on the height of the flight and the steepness of the trajectory. The hardest thing is catching the ball with one hand. It is applied when the ball is flying very high, away from the player, or rolling on the court. General principles The techniques for catching with one hand are the same as for catching with two hands. A distinction is made between catching the ball with one hand with support (the ball stopped with one hand, the other hand picks up from below) and without support. 6.1 3. Passing the ball. In basketball, there are various ways to pass the ball to a partner. They can be divided into two large groups : two-handed passes and one-handed passes. Passes of the ball are performed without bouncing and with a rebound from the court, from a place, in motion, with a jump, with a jump and turn in the air, with an oncoming movement to a player moving in front, with a low and high trajectory. Accuracy and timeliness of transmissions is a necessary condition for their implementation. Of decisive importance in the transmission technique is the active movement of the brush. Passing the ball with two hands is performed from the chest, above and below. Passing with two hands from the chest is the main way to interact with a partner at a short and medium distance. To perform this pass, the player, having taken a stand for the game, holds the ball with both hands in front of the chest. The throw ends with active flexion of the hands and extension of the legs. An overhand two-handed pass is used when the opponent is close to the sender and interferes with the overhand pass, or when the attacker does not have time to use another method. In the initial position, the player holds the ball at the top, arms slightly bent, legs shoulder-width apart and placed parallel or one in front. To perform the pass, the player makes a small swing back, then, extending his legs, with an active movement of his arms forward with a sweeping movement of his hands, directs the ball to his partner. Passing the ball with one hand is performed: from the shoulder, from above (hook), from below, from the side. The transfer of the ball with one hand from the shoulder is performed quickly and at any distance. From the starting position, the player, supporting the ball with his left hand, transfers it to the open right palm (when passing from the right) to the right shoulder. A one-hand overhand pass (hook) is used when the opponent comes close and raises his hands. 6.1.4. Throws in the basket. The final effort of the attacking team is aimed at creating conditions for one of the players to throw into the basket. The outcome of the game depends on the accuracy of the throws. In modern basketball, an average team throws the ball into the opponent's basket 65-70 times. Throws are performed from short (up to 3 m), medium (3-7 m) and long (over 7 m) distances. If the player is opposite the basket or not far from the end line, then it is advisable for him to throw the ball directly into the basket. If it is located in relation to the shield at an angle of 15-45 °, then it is better to throw the ball into the basket with a rebound from the shield. Throws to the basket are performed with one and two hands. Among throws with two hands, a throw from the chest, from above and from below (in motion) is distinguished. Throws with one hand - from the shoulder, from above, hook and bottom. Recently, throws from top to bottom and finishing the ball have been increasingly used. All throws may be taken from a standing position, on the move, in a jump, while standing with the back to the basket, and in a jump with a mid-air twist. The accuracy of the hit depends on the correct holding of the ball and the movement of the arms (hands), on the release of the ball at the highest point and the activity of the brush movement in the final phase of the throw. The one-handed overhead jump shot has now become the main method of attacking the basket from different distances. It is performed from a place and on the move. Throwing with one hand with a hook is difficult, but very effective against the active opposition of the opponent. The ball thrown in this way is difficult to intercept as it is released at a high point and far away from the defender

6.2. PROTECTION TECHNIQUE.

The efforts of a team striving to win with all its might will be in vain if its players make serious mistakes in defensive actions. The attacker's technical arsenal is much richer than that of the defender. Experience shows that defense techniques are more universal and quite effective if they are carried out correctly and carefully. Protection techniques are divided into two main groups: 1) movement technique; 2) the technique of mastering the ball and countering. 6.2.1. Technique of movement In the stance, the defender must be in a stable position for a slightly bent legs and be prepared to make it difficult for the attacker to get into a good position to attack the basket and receive the ball. Keeping a close eye on his player, the defending player must keep an eye on the ball and other opposing players. The forward stance is used when holding the ball carrier when it is necessary to prevent him from making a shot or going under the backboard. The player is usually located between the attacker and the shield. He puts one foot forward, pulls the arm of the same name up and forward, preventing the expected throw, and puts the other hand sideways and down to prevent the ball from being dribbled in the most dangerous direction for the basket. When a defender guards an attacker with the ball preparing for a jump shot medium distance , he approaches a dangerous opponent in the so-called parallel stance (with feet on the same line) and extends his arm to the ball, trying to make it difficult for the attacker to carry the ball up for aiming. The direction and nature of the movement of the defender, as a rule, depend on the actions of the attacker. Therefore, the defender must always maintain a position of balance and be ready to move in any direction, all the time changing the direction of running to the sides, forward, backward (often back to front), control the speed of his movement at the moment of opposition, as well as opponents, increasing speed over a short distance , providing a shortened braking distance and a sharp stop. The methods of running, dashing, stopping, jumping used by the defender are similar to those described for the offense. However, unlike the attacker, in a number of cases, the defender must move on slightly bent legs with an attached step, the peculiarity of which is that the first step is taken with the foot closest to the direction of movement, the second step (attached) must be sliding. At the same time, you can not cross your legs and rearrange the jogging leg behind the supporting one, so as not to reduce speed and maneuverability. 6.2.2. Technique of mastering the ball and countering. Breaking the ball. If the defender managed to capture the ball, then first of all you need to try to snatch it from the opponent's hands. To do this, you need to grab the ball as deeply as possible with both hands, and then jerk sharply towards you, making a turn with your body at the same time. The ball must be rotated around a horizontal axis, which makes it easier to overcome the opponent's resistance. Knocking out the ball. At present, the rationality and effectiveness of kicking the ball has grown significantly due to the new interpretation of certain points of the rules of the game, which allow, when performing these techniques, the contact of the defender's hand simultaneously with the ball - with the attacker's hand. Knocking the ball out of the hands of an opponent. The defender approaches the attacker, actively interfering with his actions with the ball. To do this, he performs shallow lunges with his arm extended to the ball, then retreating to his original position. At a convenient moment, knocking out is carried out with a sharp (from above or below) short movement with a brush with tightly pressed fingers. It is recommended to hit the ball at the moment of catching and mainly from below. Especially effective is knocking out from the hands of a landing opponent who caught the ball in a high jump and did not take the necessary precautions. If the defender was forced to react to the opponent's feint and jump up, then at the moment of landing he should knock the ball out and thereby prevent the throw or pass. Knocking out the ball while dribbling. At the moment the attacker's dribbling pass begins, the defender steps back and slightly jumps back, leaving the opponent a direct path to the basket, and pursues him, pushing him to the touchline. Then the defender picks up the same speed as the attacker, and, ahead of the dribbling rhythm, knocks the ball out with the hand closest to the opponent at the moment of receiving the ball that has bounced off the court. You can also kick the ball from the attacker from behind at the initial moment of the pass. Interception of the ball. The interception of the ball is carried out during the transfer. The success of this method of interception depends, first of all, on the timeliness and speed of the defender's actions. If the attacker is waiting for the ball on the spot, does not come out to meet him, then it is relatively easy to intercept him: you should catch the ball with one or two hands in a jump after a jerk. Usually the attacker goes to the ball. In this case, the defender needs to gain the maximum possible speed at a short distance and get ahead of the opponent on the way to the flying ball. With his shoulder and hands, he cuts off the direct path of the opponent to the ball and takes possession of it. Covering the ball when throwing. The defender, who has some advantage over the attacker in height and in the height of the jump, should try to prevent the ball from flying out of his hands when thrown. At the moment of counteraction to the throw, the defender's hand must be directly at the ball. Then the bent brush is placed on the ball from the side from above, and the throw fails. Possession of the ball in the fight for a rebound at his shield. After the attacker's shot, the defender must block the opponent's path to the backboard, take a stable position, then fight for the rebound, quickly and timely jumping out to take possession of the ball. The jump is performed with both one and two legs after a short run-up or from a place. After jumping high and taking possession of the ball, the player, upon landing, spreads his legs wide and bends his torso in order to prevent the opponent from taking an advantageous position in relation to the shield and the ball in a power struggle.

VIOLATIONS

Out - the ball goes out of the playing area.

Run - a player in control of a live ball makes a movement of the legs in excess of the limits established by the rules. Dribbling violation, including carrying the ball, double dribbling.

3 seconds - an attacking player is in the "paint" (rectangular area under the hoop) of the opponent for more than three seconds while his team is in possession of a live ball in the attacking area. 5 seconds - the player, when taking a throw-in, does not part with the ball for five seconds. A closely guarded player does not dribble, pass, or shoot for the basket within 5 seconds.

8 seconds - The team in possession of the ball in the backcourt did not bring it into the frontcourt in eight seconds.

24 seconds - the team had possession of the ball for more than 24 seconds and did not make a shot at the ring. The 24 second counter is reset if the ball touches the hoop. The attacking team can then rebound on offense and qualify for another 24 second possession. In the event of a foul or violation (other than out-of-bounds) by the defending team or other stoppage of play, the offensive team is entitled to: - a new 24-second possession if the throw-in occurs in the defending zone of the team in possession of the ball; - continuation of the countdown from the same moment, if there are 14 or more seconds of possession left; - new 14 second possession if 13 or less seconds of possession remain. Violations of returning the ball to the defensive zone (zone) - the team in possession of the ball in the offensive zone transferred it to the defensive zone

A foul is an infraction of the rules caused by personal contact or unsportsmanlike conduct. Types of fouls: - personal - a foul to a player due to contact with an opponent; - technical; - mutual - unsportsmanlike; - disqualifying. If the player who was pushed at that time made a throw and the ball did not hit the basket, he is entitled to two free throws, which will be taken without interference from outside the free throw line, which are taken without interference from the free throw line. This line, 3.6 meters long, is drawn parallel to the front line at a distance of 4.6 meters from the front surface of the backboard. A point is awarded to a team for a successful free throw. If one or both attempts fail, the player is entitled to an additional roll. The athlete must remain behind the free throw line until the ball touches the ring or backboard. Until this point, no player is allowed to enter the free throw area. If the last throw is not successful, the participants of both teams can fight for the ball bouncing off the ring. If desired, the team may waive the right to break free throws and put the ball into play from behind the touchline at its intersection with the center line. For an intentional foul (violation of the rules of the game), the player is always penalized with two free throws. A special form of foul is a technical foul. It is announced to a player on the court, a coach or a substitute for unsportsmanlike conduct, followed by a penalty of two free throws, which are taken by any member of the opposing team. The ball is then put into play in the normal way. Coach or substitute A substitute for unsportsmanlike conduct is penalized with one free throw and the ball remains with the kicking team who puts it in play from behind the touchline at the intersection with the center line. A player who receives five personal remarks is automatically eliminated from the game. In case of gross violation of the rules, the athlete may be disqualified. In any case, the player who is out of the game may be replaced by a substitute.

CONCLUSION

The constant change in game situations requires a high level of analytical activity and a quick choice of a solution. During the game, you can get a high emotional load and experience great joy and satisfaction. Basketball is one of the most popular games in our country. It is characterized by a variety of movements; walking, running, stopping, turning, jumping, catching, throwing and dribbling in single combat with opponents. Such diverse movements contribute to the improvement of metabolism, the activity of all body systems, and form coordination. Basketball has not only health-improving and hygienic significance, but also propaganda and educational. Basketball helps to form perseverance, courage, determination, honesty, self-confidence, a sense of collectivism. But the effectiveness of education depends, first of all, on how purposefully the relationship between physical and moral education is carried out in the pedagogical process. Basketball, as a means of physical education, has found wide application in various parts of the physical culture movement. In the system of public education, basketball is included in the programs physical preschoolers, general secondary, secondary, vocational, secondary specialized and higher education. Basketball is an exciting athletic game that is effective remedy physical education. No wonder it is very popular among students. Basketball like important tool physical education and rehabilitation of children, is included in the general education programs of secondary schools, schools with polytechnic and industrial training, children's sports schools, city departments of public education and departments at sports voluntary societies. Consolidation of the achieved results and further increase in the level of sportsmanship are closely intertwined with mass health work and qualified training of reserves of the most talented young men and women. The presence of a constant struggle, which is carried out with the help of natural movements (running, walking, jumping), accompanied by painful efforts, has the most versatile effect on the psychological, physiological and motor function person. By performing a large number of various movements at different paces, directions, with different speeds and tension, you get a beneficial effect on internal organs and body systems.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Basketball. Competition rules. M., 1996. 2. Basketball. Directory. M., 1993. 3. John R. Wooden. Modern basketball. M., 1997. 4. Gomelsky A. Ya. Team management in basketball. M., 1994. 6. Zishn A. M. Children's basketball. M., 1998. 7. Kostin V. For the next four years / / Sports games. 1994. No. 10. 8. Nikolic A., Paranosich V. Selection in basketball. M., 1994. 9. Yakhontov E. R. Basketball for everyone. M., 1994. 10. Yakhontov E. R., Genkin 3. A. Basketball. M., 1998.