When the reconstruction of the Luzhniki began. The next reconstruction at the most expensive and unprofitable stadium in Russia has “finished”
Probably everyone already knows that the Luzhniki stadium was closed for a large-scale reconstruction related to the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. The completion of the large-scale reconstruction is scheduled for the summer of 2017.
And so, far away on July 31, 1956, the grand opening of the Luzhniki stadium took place. "In 1980, the stadium became one of the most important venues for the Moscow Olympics. Olympic bear bringing tears to the audience." Initially, together with the entire sports complex, the stadium was named after Lenin (at that time, not the stadium, but the entire sports complex was called the Central Stadium named after V.I. Lenin). In the spring of 1992, the state enterprise, which included a sports complex, was privatized and received the name " Olympic Complex"Luzhniki", and by June 1992, the mention of the name of V. I. Lenin was officially removed from the title
The city authorities have made the final decision to preserve the historical appearance of the stadium. Luzhniki is a legend, a historical monument. This olympic symbol countries and our national pride.
One of the attractions in front of the Luzhniki stadium is the monument to V.I. Lenin
In 1960, on the central alley, a monument to V.I. Lenin).
The stadium is surrounded by a mesh fence
but today we will be able to see what is happening inside the complex
Special safety ties are built into the stadium supports
which hold back the structure so that the supports do not collapse
Access to stand "B"
turnstiles were dismantled from the passage
For a long time, the Luzhniki stadium was home football club Spartak Moscow. On August 28, 1956, the red-whites played their first match at Luzhniki, beating Moscow Lokomotiv with a score of 2: 1
but the last football match at the stadium was held on May 10, 2013 between the teams "Spartak" and "Wings of the Soviets". At the same time, in order to prepare for the 2013 World Championships in Athletics, new Treadmills and the lawn was re-layed on a natural one. Also in 2013, Luzhniki hosted the Rugby Sevens World Cup. After that, the stadium was closed for reconstruction.
View of the football field of the Luzhniki stadium from the stand "B"
during the matches the stadium looked like this
The dismantling of non-capital structures of the BSA Luzhniki is planned to be completed by the end of May this year. By this time, the arena will have historical walls, bearing supports and a canopy, as well as several fragments of stands to maintain the rigidity and stability of the entire structure. After that, the construction of the concrete base of the stadium will begin, and then - new stands and premises under them.
View of the stand "C"
The stadium had a capacity of 78,360 spectators, after reconstruction the capacity will be 81,000 spectators
In 1996-97 at the Luzhniki Stadium, a major reconstruction has already been carried out. Then a stationary roof was built, the stands were repaired
Former stand "A" of the stadium
One of the main tasks of the reconstruction is to create comfortable conditions for watching the match for the fans. Before the reconstruction, about 10% of the seats in the stadium were in the bad view zone. As part of the reconstruction project, it is planned not only to increase the number of seats to 81,000, but also to change the geometry of the stands. It is also planned to reduce the distance from the stands to the edge football field. The stands will adjoin the field, as if on a clean football stadium. Thanks to these changes football fans will have an excellent view of the field from any point of the stands (including the lower and upper rows). When arranging spectator seats, all categories of fans will be taken into account. 300 seats will be equipped for people with disabilities. At least 1,700 seats will be provided for VIP spectators on the main tribune, and about 2,000 seats for the press.
An additional tier will appear - a ring around the entire perimeter. There will be about 100 so-called sky boxes (VIP box in the stadium), which visitors will be served according to an improved standard, including hot meals.
VIP box in Grandstand "A"
Tribune "C"
Formerly VIP seats in Grandstand "C"
View from the "C" stand to the "B" fan stand, which has always housed active Spartak fans
Red and white stand "B" during matches
At the stadium, under the very dome of stands "B" and "D" there are scoreboards
In order to create more comfortable conditions for watching matches and protect spectators from precipitation, it was decided to lengthen the roof canopy along the entire perimeter. A decision has also been made regarding roofing. It will be made of translucent polycarbonate. The coating meets all FIFA requirements and the latest fire safety standards. The new coating will be installed to replace the old one (also made of polycarbonate), which has served for more than 17 years. Resurfacing is the most cost-effective option to preserve the existing roof structure.
At the matches of the Moscow Spartak, the tribune "D" was a guest
For some time, the Moscow army team also played at the Luzhniki stadium
The football field of the large sports arena "Luzhniki" will be covered with natural grass (in accordance with FIFA requirements). To maintain the quality of the coating at the appropriate level, new engineering and technical systems will be installed on the field, including drainage, heating, irrigation, monitoring of agrotechnical characteristics, automation and maintenance dispatching.
At the stadium, work has been completed on the dismantling of spectator seats (77,049 pieces) and the athletics track. The dismantled chairs were transferred to the needs of stadiums, sports communities, youth sports schools, sports and recreation centers in Moscow, Moscow region and other regions (including Tver region, Lipetsk region, Anapa, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, etc.). The remaining chairs will be handed out to fans as part of the competition for the best knowledge of the history of Luzhniki, which will soon be announced by the Complex of Urban Planning Policy and Construction of the City of Moscow.
The football field was surrounded by an 8-lane circular running track 400 m long
The largest arena in the country is also one of the most inconvenient for football spectators. It is rather problematic to see what is happening on the field, for example, from behind the goal. The low height of the stands, their remoteness from the field, running tracks - all this makes watching the game not very comfortable.
Let's hope that the stadium will become convenient and comfortable for the fans, but for now, de installation work, there is a dismantling of stands and garbage disposal
After a large-scale reconstruction, the Luzhniki stadium will host the opening match, one of the semi-final matches and the final of the 2018 World Cup
On this we say goodbye to Luzhniki and say "Goodbye, see you again!"
This is what the Luzhniki stadium will look like in 2018 during the World Cup
I want to thank the Department of Construction of the city of Moscow and personally Kristina Filimonova for the organization!!! Thank you!!!
Grand Sports Arena (BSA) Luzhniki- the key object of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. It is here that the opening ceremony and match, one of the semi-finals and the final of the tournament will take place. Reconstruction began at the Luzhniki Stadium in 2013. The total area of the reconstructed stadium, taking into account the stands, is 221 thousand square meters. m. (before reconstruction - 140 thousand sq. m.)
As a result of the reconstruction, Moscow received a unique sports facility that meets all international requirements for comfort and safety. The emergence of such a high-tech facility will allow sports events international level, to improve the sports image of Russia, to increase the interest of the population in sports.
State customer- Department of construction of the city of Moscow
Customer-developer- State-owned enterprise of Moscow "Big sports arena" Luzhniki "
General contractor, designer- JSC "Mosinzhproekt"
Stadium history
The Luzhniki Stadium was built in 1956 and immediately became the main arena of the country, at that time its capacity was 101 thousand seats (spectators were located on wooden benches). In 1980, Luzhniki hosted the Summer Olympic Games, where the opening and closing ceremonies were held, as well as competitions in athletics and equestrian sports.
In 1997, the arena was reconstructed, a roof visor appeared at the stadium, the seats were replaced - there were 78,000 of them. At the same time, the reconstruction did not affect the premises under the stands, engineering networks and other systems of the stadium.
By 2013, the stadium was morally and physically obsolete, did not meet the requirements of the bid book for the 2018 World Cup and was subject to demolition. Its sub-tribune rooms had an illogical layout and were used inefficiently. The engineering systems were worn out, the IT system was completely absent, and the security system did not take into account the current level of threats.
The exterior of the stadium: history striding into the future
Before starting work on the reconstruction of the arena, the Moscow authorities made an extremely difficult technically, but emotionally and culturally correct decision - to keep historical appearance the legendary Luzhniki. As part of the reconstruction, the preserved walls of the building were cleaned and restored, while the color scheme of the facade remained in the light sandy palette familiar to Muscovites and visitors to the city. The facade of the stadium was decorated with a decorative frieze depicting competitions in various types sports.
During the reconstruction, a unique technical project was carried out - all stands, premises and the foundation of the old building were dismantled, while the facade of 70 cm thick and the roof weighing 14 thousand tons were preserved and retained. Behind the old façade, a new geometry of rooms and stands was created. During the reconstruction, the total area of the arena almost doubled (from 140,000 to 221,000 sq. m.), while the area under the stands increased from 85.5 to 181,000 sq. m. m, and the area of heated premises - from 52 to 93 thousand square meters. m.
The architecture of the stands under the stands underwent extremely important changes - due to its optimization, the time for spectators to leave the stands was reduced by 10 times - after reconstruction it is 7 minutes, which is one of the best indicators in Europe.
was created and architectural lighting front wall of the stadium. The brightest - festive - will be used for the largest and most important events. The second lighting option is supposed to be used during the days of sporting and cultural events. The third option is lighting the stadium at night, when events are not taking place.
The main goal is maximum comfort
One of the main objectives of the reconstruction is to create for the fans comfortable conditions watching a match. Before the reconstruction, about 10% of the seats in the stadium were in the bad view zone. According to the reconstruction project, the stands were replaced at the stadium - 2 tiers at a steeper angle, an additional tier of 102 sky boxes appeared. Thanks to these changes, football fans will have an excellent view of the field from anywhere in the stands (including the lower and upper rows). Also, the arena has two media boards opposite each other on the south and north stands, they are clearly visible from all spectator seats. Their dimensions are 16.8 by 9.6 meters.
Increase in stadium capacity
The renovated Luzhniki Stadium can accommodate 81,000 spectators, which is 3,000 more than before. The number of entrances has also increased - there were 16 of them, and there were 13. Including separate entrances for VIP and VVIP categories, which are located on the western stand.
Grandstand zoning
When arranging spectator seats, all categories of fans were taken into account. 300 seats are equipped for people with limited mobility. 2,000 seats were provided for VIP spectators on the main tribune, 4,500 seats for the guest service area, and more than 3,000 seats for the press. The stands are equipped with 102 corporate boxes of increased comfort (sky boxes), whose visitors will be served according to an improved standard, including hot meals.
The color of the stands of the updated Luzhniki is burgundy with gold splashes. He was chosen by Muscovites following the results of voting on the Active Citizen city portal. More than 137 thousand citizens took part in the voting, which took place in August 2014.
Roof and canopy
The roof covering is made of polycarbonate. This modern material transmits the sun's rays and is ideal for natural grass stadiums, which is what the renovated Luzhniki have become. The modular structure of polycarbonate has excellent load-bearing capacity and impact strength, as well as thermal resistance.
To protect fans from precipitation, the roof of the stadium above the stands has acquired an additional "visor" 11.5 meters long.
Under the roof space there is a sports light, which has been updated in accordance with the modern requirements of television broadcasts. It will provide a high-quality "picture" on TV screens and comfort for those present at the stadium.
During the reconstruction, the roof of the stadium turned into a kind of media screen - for this purpose, a lot of LEDs are installed in the roof - its size is 30 thousand square meters. m.
New sports opportunities
The coverage of the football field of the Luzhniki Arena is made of natural grass. To maintain the quality of the coating at the appropriate level, new engineering and technical systems have been installed on the field, including drainage, heating, irrigation, and monitoring of the agrotechnical characteristics of the lawn.
New Media Features
The building of the BSA Luzhniki is equipped with a press conference hall for 295 seats, an express interview zone, several TV studios and a presentation studio with a panoramic view of the football field. A guest service town has also appeared here.
Zones of culture and recreation
At the upper level of the BSA Luzhniki there is a 1 km observation deck, which is available for visiting even on days when there are no events at the stadium. It is known that, unlike many capitals, the number of high-rise observation decks in Moscow is insignificant. From the top level of the stadium there is an excellent view of the city center, the Novodevichy Convent, the skyscrapers of Moscow City, as well as the University. Lomonosov. Thus, the famous observation deck on Sparrow Hills received a “mirror reflection” in the observation deck at the Luzhniki Arena.
The number of food zones at the stadium has significantly increased. Before the reconstruction, there were no restaurants in the arena, and the number of cafes did not exceed 50 pieces. On new arena there are 4 restaurants and more than 200 food outlets. Thus, fans and guests of the arena will not have to waste time in queues.
When designing the stadium, the possibility of its operation as a concert venue was also taken into account. Light and sound systems can function in two formats - sports and concert. A special lawn cover is also ready, which protects it and turns the arena into a concert hall.
Stadium safety
During the reconstruction, the Luzhniki Stadium and the territory of the sports complex received the latest security system. During its development, international and Russian experience was taken into account, including the experience of creating security systems for the 2014 Sochi Olympics.
Measures to ensure the security of the territory of the Olympic Complex include: arrangement of 6 transport and 7 pedestrian checkpoints, installation of 3,300 surveillance cameras (including 1,000 cameras at the Luzhniki BSA), radiation monitors, detectors of explosives and dangerous liquids, X-ray introscopes and scanners car bottoms.
The high throughput capacity of the new checkpoints - 62.5 thousand people, 990 cars and 62 buses per hour - will help to avoid traffic jams at the entrance even on the days of mass events.
The Security project was developed and implemented in accordance with the requirements of the Federal Security Service, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the FSO, taking into account international and Russian experience, including the holding of the Sochi Olympics in 2014.
Infrastructure of the sports complex "Luzhniki"
The development concept, in addition to the reconstruction of the BSA, also includes a significant renovation and improvement of the entire territory of the Luzhniki sports complex. The task is to turn Luzhniki into a modern and comfortable park where residents and guests of the city will enjoy spending time. The improvement project provides for filling the park with the necessary infrastructure, creating landscape design and carrying out functional zoning. For sports enthusiasts, the Luzhniki complex is equipped with a modern running track (its surface is similar to that used at the Olympic venues). Separately allocated Bike Lane and a roller skating track. The total length of the zone for occupation cyclic species sports was 3 km. All design solutions are focused on the maximum preservation of the relief, soil cover and existing green spaces.
The improvement project affected the entire territory of the complex with an area of 160 hectares. The number of green spaces was doubled - 1050 trees, 53 thousand shrubs, 15.7 thousand square meters were planted. m. flower beds. The area of new zones for sports in the open air amounted to 100 thousand square meters. m., including 9 new work out sites (some of them are equipped for people with limited mobility). The road and path network of the park with a total area of 400 thousand square meters has also been updated. m.
On the territory of Luzhniki Park, several modern sports facilities. In 2019, the construction of the Multifunctional Swimming Center with a total area of 56.5 thousand square meters will be completed. meters. The complex includes three pools (50, 25 and 25 meters), an aqua complex and a children's center.
Another new building, which will appear very soon in Luzhniki - Center rhythmic gymnastics with a capacity of 4,000 people and a total area of 23.5 thousand square meters. m. Not only training and performances of athletes will be held here, but a hostel will also be equipped to hold training camps and ensure visits by gymnasts from other cities.
Also in Luzhniki, the construction of the Crystal Ice Palace (24.5 thousand square meters), the Tennis Club (26 courts, an area of 50 thousand square meters) and the reconstruction of the Universal sports hall"Friendship" (16.4 thousand sq. m.).
The development project in preparation for the Championship also provides for the construction of new transport interchange hubs (TPU). In 2016, the opening of two stopping points of the MCC - Luzhniki and Gagarin Square. Each transport hub is a passenger complex consisting of platforms and passenger terminals, which are closely interconnected with the platforms by vertical communications, including elevators and escalators.
5096 will be equipped on the territory of the Luzhniki complex and in its immediate vicinity. parking spaces, of which 952 are for buses.
Utilities update
Reconstruction of the Luzhniki sports complex involves a significant modernization of engineering networks and communications. Across the entire territory of the Olympic complex, obsolete networks have been replaced and new networks have been built with a total length of about 216 kilometers. The updated networks will provide light, water and heat to both the Luzhniki stadium, which will host the opening match and the final of the 2018 World Cup, and new buildings and structures erected on the territory of the sports complex - their total area after the completion of all work will be 974.8 thousand square meters. sq. m. At the moment, 100% of engineering communications have been replaced.
On May 31, 2017, permission was received to put the Grand Sports Arena into operation. Luzhniki has become one of the most modern, comfortable and safe stadiums in the world.
Russia, including Moscow, is preparing to host the biggest sporting event of 2018 - the FIFA World Cup. Central Arena will become legendary stadium"Luzhniki". How many great matches the spectators of these stands have seen! The last of these was the recent Champions League final. Then, just for one game, the entire lawn was covered, replacing it with a natural one. The stadium is now undergoing a major renovation. Reconstruction of Luzhniki for the 2018 FIFA World Cup
Of course, the final of the first home FIFA World Cup, which will be held in 2018, could not take place anywhere except in Moscow and nowhere else but in Luzhniki, because this is a stadium with great story, however, in recent years, this arena has been mercilessly criticized. Once it was one of the largest sports complexes in Europe, which could accommodate up to 90,000 spectators. Since then, for the sake of safety requirements, Luzhniki has been rebuilt several times, significantly reducing its capacity.
The reconstruction of the legendary Luzhniki Stadium, where the 1980 Olympics were held, will again bring the number of spectator seats closer to the previous level. After modernization, this project will turn the complex into a modern sports ground. At the same time, the historical walls and roof of the stadium will be preserved, since the Luzhniki arena is very expensive for Muscovites, and therefore a complete renovation is impractical.
In addition to the main stadium, which will host the most important matches, sports complex will receive many other sports facilities: numerous training fields, as well as a base for the location of the teams that will participate in the World Cup. It was decided to abandon the construction of a number of commercial facilities on the territory of the sports complex. Completion of the renovation is scheduled for April 2017.
Reconstruction project of the Luzhniki Stadium
The stadium, which was built in 1956, has repeatedly hosted international sports events. At the same time, in order to comply with the status sports facility meeting the World Cup, Luzhniki needs to be modernized. FIFA carefully monitors that all venues for the 2018 World Cup meet high safety requirements, technical support and comfort.
In 2013, 3 options for the reconstruction of the Luzhniki sports arena were presented. The Moscow authorities, responsible for hosting the 2018 World Cup, presented the FIFA management with stadium concepts, each of which had its own characteristics. As a result, not without difficulty, one project was approved. Before the start of work, the Moscow BSA had 78,000 spectator seats, while FIFA requires a minimum of 89,000.
In order to preserve the historical appearance of the Soviet architectural monument, the Moscow authorities compromised with the International Football Federation. The engineers faced a difficult task: to bring the stadium's capacity in line with FIFA requirements, while maintaining the original roof and walls. And here, where the World Championships in Athletics took place relatively recently, today reconstruction is in full swing.
Preparations for the 2018 FIFA World Cup are in full swing. The reconstruction project of the famous metropolitan arena is the largest and most ambitious of all existing projects. 81,000 seats will be made for fans of the world championship. This decision was not easy, but it helped not only to save, but also to make the entire preparation for the football championship much less costly. 
How will the Luzhniki stadium change for the 2018 FIFA World Cup?
How much does it cost to reconstruct a stadium?
Initially, the cost of reconstruction of the Grand Sports Arena was 240 million dollars. The final project was estimated at 19 billion rubles. For this money, it is planned to increase the capacity of the sports complex, change the geometry of its stands, equip it with the latest communications, add functionality to the interior. Everyone should be comfortable and comfortable at the new ultra-modern stadium - from fans to top officials of states.
The sports complex that will host the World Cup will finally receive the long-awaited natural field. The problem of holding matches in winter is no longer relevant, since the arena is equipped with the latest systems for heating the field and stands. The field can be played all year round, and the stands themselves will become closer to the field. At the same time, the historical appearance of Luzhniki was preserved - a recognizable view from the Sparrow Hills.
Today, more than 50% of the sports arena renovation work has been completed. In particular, the construction of the foundation under the field is 80% completed. The extension of the visor to 11 meters has also been completed. By the end of this year, according to the project, it is planned to replace all engineering systems of the facility. About 4,000 people work on the construction of the sports complex, 2,000 per shift.
At the same time, the cost of modernization and construction of the facility, according to today's exchange rate, has increased to 350 million euros. The reconstructed stadium after the World Cup will remain the property of the management company OJSC Luzhniki. At the end of the 2018 World Cup, all training fields of the sports complex will be used by children's and youth schools.
Early completion of modernization
As noted at the beginning of the article, the Luzhniki stadium construction project was planned to be completed in April 2017, that is, a little more than a year before the start of the 2018 World Cup. However, Marat Khusnullin, Deputy Mayor of Moscow for Urban Planning Policy and Construction, said that the reconstruction of the facility is ahead of schedule by 3 months.
But the mayor of the capital, Sergei Sobyanin, said that all installation work should be completed before the end of 2016. About 1,500 workers are working on the construction of the arena around the clock to implement this project. Today, the main work has already been completed, the frame, elevator shafts, external passages and much more are being erected. Until the end of 2016, the contractor is obliged to complete all construction work and start adjusting the equipment.
The International Federation of Football Associations highly appreciated the pace of reconstruction of Luzhniki. On the eve of the main arena of the 2018 FIFA World Cup, Charles Botta, a leading consultant for the design and construction of FIFA stadiums, visited the main arena, who noted the importance of carrying out work to ensure all safety measures at the construction site. By the end of 2017, the most important elements of the BSA should be upgraded. What's new? 
Reconstruction project of the Luzhniki Stadium for the 2018 FIFA World Cup
Cascading ladder system for fans
The upgraded arena will feature a unique system of cascading pedestrian stairs for spectators of the World Cup matches. With the help of these ladders fans will be able to quickly and easily move from one sector to another. Such a solution will effectively distribute the flow of spectators and ensure the unimpeded movement of visitors to any point of the stadium.
Also, a Wi-Fi network will be organized here, and with the help of a special mobile application, fans of a particular team will be able to watch replays of dangerous moments during the match. In addition, it is planned to install a special LED field on the roof - a media screen, with the help of which it will be possible to broadcast any video, game score, flags of the teams participating in the match. In this case, the picture will be of high quality, and best view will open from Sparrow Hills.
Another feature of the renovated sports complex for the 2018 FIFA World Cup will be a number of thematic "alleys". For example, logos of events that took place in the arena at different times will be displayed, special panels with newspaper clippings, black and white photographs of the past will be installed here, panels with sports-themed paintings will appear, as well as exhibits from the arena museum and much more.
Modern Lawn Control System
The large sports arena Luzhniki, reconstructed for the world championship, will be equipped with modern technologies ventilation, heating and watering the lawn. Using new technology all lawn maintenance processes will be controlled automatically. And if there is any problem on any part of the field, it will be detected almost instantly, so the Championship will be held on an ideal field.
The Luzhniki drainage system will be similar to the one installed at the Spartak stadium, which will also host matches of the 2018 World Cup. The stands will also be as close as possible to the football field. These changes will allow all fans to have an excellent view of the field from anywhere in the stands. At the same time, all categories of fans will be taken into account - 300 seats will be equipped for people with disabilities.
The stands will be equipped with 100 corporate boxes of increased comfort, the spectators of which will be served according to an improved standard. Also, at least 1,700 seats will be provided for VIP visitors on the main tribune, and about 2,000 seats for the press. This championship will feature modern systems and information technology to manage the entire infrastructure, from spectator flow management to catering logistics.
The latest security system
Thanks to the reconstruction, the Luzhniki Stadium will be equipped with the latest security and video surveillance system for the FIFA World Cup. More than 1,200 video cameras will automatically identify visitors and service personnel. With the help of this system, it is possible to carry out video face recognition, control the traffic flow, and even determine the identity of the vehicle owner by the license plate.
Video cameras will allow monitoring the internal buildings, parking lots, stands, exits and entrances. The movement of any visitor can be tracked throughout the sports complex. Control over potential violators will begin at the stage of buying a ticket using a system for reading personal data from a passport and checking it against the black list.
By law, potentially dangerous fans may be prevented from attending sporting events. All visitors will be screened for banned drugs, items, and hazardous chemicals. And the access control system will prevent several fans from entering the 2018 World Cup match on one ticket and match the real face of a person with his passport.
In addition, in this World Cup football goal will be equipped with the latest goal fixing system. Several cameras will monitor the goal at once, and communication with the referee of the World Cup will be carried out using a special bracelet. In addition, two modern international broadcasting centers for radio and television broadcasting will appear on the territory of the sports complex, providing high-quality live broadcasts of World Cup matches.
And the building itself will be equipped with a special hall for press conferences, several TV studios, an area for express interviews, as well as a presentation studio with a panoramic view of the football field. In addition, a guest service town will appear here. And at the end of the World Cup, the sports complex will be used not only for football competitions, but also for organizing other sporting events or spectacular concerts.
Reconstruction is about to be completed.
The capacity is less than FIFA originally wanted - 81 thousand people instead of 89
To host the World Cup final, Luzhniki had to accommodate 89,000 people. But even during the preparation of the reconstruction project, it turned out that it was impossible to achieve such indicators without the demolition of the stadium: taking into account the dimensions of the existing arena, all FIFA requirements for the width of a standard spectator seat, areas for media and VIPs, it was realistic to make only 81,000 seats.
“We even increased the volume of air in the bowl by lowering the field by half a meter – it’s also impossible to go deeper, because there is a river and groundwater nearby,” explained Sergey Kuznetsov, chief architect of Moscow, who designed the updated Luzhniki.
The mayor's office categorically did not want to demolish Luzhniki, as this would go against the charters on the protection of historical heritage. FIFA eventually lowered the capacity requirements after a letter from Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin to the former president of the organization, Joseph Blatter, and a meeting of FIFA representatives with Sergei Kuznetsov and the head of the Construction Complex, Marat Khusnullin.
The fact that the maximum number of seats is now set at the stadium is obvious even externally - for example, the first rows of the upper tier hang over the skyboxes, blocking the view of the sky to honorable spectators (the field is perfectly visible, but the view of the sky is considered a great advantage).
Appearance cleansing
Luzhniki got rid of nightmarish architectural heritage new era: the glazing of the facade is gone forever. “It was glazed in several stages, and the latest version was created specifically for the market, which does not fit into any gates,” said Sergey Kuznetsov, chief architect of Moscow. “To make it more convenient for merchants and buyers, they glazed the entire lower tier, before that they glazed the upper one.”
During the reconstruction, the entire facade was refreshed, in some places the ceramic material was replaced with a new one. “In the end, we returned the stadium to its original form, in which it was conceived in 1956. Initially, it was the idea of such a Colosseum. And as we know, nothing was glazed in the Colosseum - it is a cold, unheated arena, ”concluded Kuznetsov.
The facade is old, but inside everything is new
Having retained the facade, Luzhniki has been transformed inside. All the old stands and premises were mercilessly demolished, but in order to build new ones, a complex technological trick had to be taken. During the reconstruction, the façade was supported by a temporary metal support, as it had previously been attached to the old stands. When the work was completed and a new concrete structure took the load, the metal support was removed.
Now the stadium does not have and, most likely, will not have running tracks, which greatly worsened the view at football matches. It will no longer be possible to make Luzhniki an athletics stadium, because for this it will be necessary to raise the level of the field and thereby significantly reduce the amount of air in the bowl. According to Sergey Kuznetsov, in the current layout of the Luzhniki Stadium, it is impossible to hold athletics tournaments with the same capacity (81,000 people), and the most realistic forecast (50,000 seats) will not suit the organizers of the World Cup or the Olympics.
The stands have become not only closer to the field, but also a little steeper. The degree of inclination improved visibility for all spectators: “In the old stadium there were places with limited visibility - not just the players were far away, but the whole field was not visible, because some structures blocked the view. Of the 78,000 seats, visibility was limited at 5,000. Now there is no such place, - Kuznetsov is sure. – Even in the cheapest place you can see the scoreboard and the whole game, because this is the main modern principle of stadium construction: it should be seen and heard the same way both in the luxurious VIP zone and in the cheapest and high place behind the gate. Previously, this principle was not respected, it was believed that there are cheaper tickets, but there are more expensive ones. And now we are talking about the level of service, like in an airplane: there is a business class, there is an economy class, but everyone gets the basic service - to fly from point A to point B, the rest is service.
The roof is longer
The only part of the Luzhniki that designer Sergei Kuznetsov still does not like is the roof. It was built in the mid-nineties and looks too heavy: “The design is not very efficient, there is a lot of metal from which to build an aircraft carrier,” says Kuznetsov. “But the roof still works and fulfills its function, money was once spent on it.”
That is why the roof weighing 15 thousand tons was not changed. In 2016, they only laid a new coating of impact-resistant translucent polycarbonate on it - it is believed that this is very reliable protection from any precipitation and sunlight.
But there is still one major change: the roof has been extended by 11 meters - so as to cover all the seats from the rain.
“In the past, the roof covered the stands, but not the running track, but now rows of chairs have appeared in the place where the running tracks used to be. Although this is not in the requirements of FIFA. They allow rain to fall on some places, but we wanted everyone to be comfortable,” Kuznetsov added.
rooftop media screen
From afar, Luzhniki now looks a bit like Ice Palace"Big", which was built for the Olympics in Sochi. All because of the bright media screen on the roof, on which you can display any files - even static images, even videos, even graphics with an invoice. The creators do not advise uploading full football matches or movies: since the diodes are far apart, the quality will be higher on the TV.
The main function of the media screen is still a decoration: Luzhniki is located in a lowland, and around the upper viewpoints are the Lenin Hills, the metro bridge, the third ring is raised high, ”said Sergey Kuznetsov.
An observation deck will be opened at the stadium
A huge observation deck will be opened along the perimeter of the Luzhniki roof - according to representatives of the mayor's office, it will be the largest in Europe (length - 900 meters). This is due to the fact that from the roof of the Luzhniki you can see the city center, the Novodevichy Convent, the skyscrapers of Moscow City, Moscow State University. Lomonosov and others Beautiful places Moscow.
The observation deck will be open all the time, not just on match days. They also promise to open a cafe there.
Alleys with paintings
Full-fledged themed alleys will be opened in the new Luzhniki Stadium, along which spectators will walk before the matches. For example, one of them is planned to talk about the historical events that took place in Luzhniki.
On the other side there will be panels with sports pictures - for example, it is planned to place the works of the artist Alexander Deineka (his mosaics are at the Mayakovskaya and Novokuznetskaya metro stations, in the foyer of the assembly hall of Moscow State University), the picture of the impressionist Yuri Pimenov "Football players", various Soviet propaganda posters .
Exit from the podium
An important feature of the new Luzhniki is a smooth exit from the podium.
Previously, spectators almost immediately after leaving the sector got on the stairs, and this provoked traffic jams and forced the administration to create a strict procedure for leaving the stands (so as not to cause a crush).
Now each fan finds himself in a spacious alley in the under-tribune room, the streams are divided into zones - and full stadium can be released within 15 minutes. Previously, at Luzhniki, it periodically took more than an hour.
Finally a natural field
Football players and fans have always disliked the old Luzhniki because of the artificial turf, which not only made it difficult to play, but also did not look very elegant. Now the main stadium of the World Cup is a natural field - all thanks to the fact that a big problem with ventilation has been solved and a complex technological filling has been arranged.
“The old stadium did not have enough ventilation in the stands – we made them,” Kuznetsov said. - An artificial lighting system has been installed, there is a drainage system, a ventilation system for the roots, watering, and heating. It is absolutely certain that we will not need to change the lawn after each game, and patches of land will not scatter to the sides in each match. The field is made in a complex way.
park around the stadium
The area around the Luzhniki Stadium should be transformed according to the model of Moscow parks - for example, the number of shrubs and trees is planned to be doubled, 11 fountains are to be reconstructed, and 20,000 square meters of flower beds have been planted.
Large-scale reconstruction of the Luzhniki stadium, which began in 2014,. In November, the renovated arena will host its first match, and a year later it will host the 2018 World Cup matches.
Photo: TASS/Semyon Meisterman and Nikolai Naumenkov
Construction and first competitions
The decision to build "Luzhniki" (until 1992 - the Grand Sports Arena of the Central Stadium named after V.I. Lenin) was made at a meeting of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on December 23, 1954. One of the arguments of the authors of the idea is to build in Moscow the largest stadium in the country and at the same time a multifunctional sports complex, which were not previously in the Union. In addition, the then leader of the state, Nikita Khrushchev, did not leave the idea of holding Olympic Games and other grandiose international events in the Soviet Union.
450 days is such a record for the duration of the construction of objects of this type by the builders of the Central Stadium in Moscow. On Sunday, July 31, 1956, the main arena of the country opened in a festive atmosphere. After the ceremony friendly match football was held by the teams of the USSR and the People's Republic of China. Soviet football players beat the Chinese with a score of 1:0.
The first major competition in the arena was the 1st Spartakiad of the Peoples of the USSR. In 1957, the stadium hosted the opening ceremony of the VI World Festival of Youth and Students in Moscow - the first after decades of a dense "Iron Curtain" and the "Cold War" the result of detente between East and West.
Farewell match Yashin and the Olympic Games
May 27, 1971 at the stadium in the presence of 103 thousand spectators took place farewell match legendary goalkeeper Lev Yashin, in which the team of clubs of the all-Union sports society "Dynamo" played against the team of "stars" of the world, for which Eusebio, Bobby Charlton, Gerd Muller and many others played. The match ended with the score 2:2.
From August 15 to 25, 1973, the VII Summer Universiade. It was attended by about 4,000 athletes who competed in 10 sports.
In 1980, the stadium hosted the Summer Olympic Games. They are the first in history Olympic movement held in a socialist country. 50 countries of the world boycotted the Moscow Olympics in protest against the entry of Soviet troops into Afghanistan in December 1979. Nevertheless, more than five thousand athletes from 80 countries came to the capital of the USSR. Many have performed under Olympic flag. The 1980 Games were opened by the then Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev. The mascot of the Olympic Games is a teddy bear doll with Olympic symbols. Her huge copy was launched into the sky along with balloons on the first and last day of the Games.
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After the Olympic Games, the complex continued to be the main sport in the Union and hosted more than one major competition, including the Friendship-84 Games, the youth and student festival, and the Goodwill Games.
New name, 100th anniversary of Russian football and UEFA Cup final
In the spring of 1992, the state enterprise, which included a sports complex, was privatized and received the name "Olympic Complex" Luzhniki ". By the summer, the mention of the name of V. I. Lenin was removed from the name.
In 1996-1997, Luzhniki were reconstructed - a roof appeared on the arena. August 18, 1997 as part of the celebration of the 850th anniversary of the capital and the 100th anniversary of Russian football a friendly match between the national teams of Russia and FIFA took place.
Luzhniki hosted not only sporting events, but also concerts. On June 20, 1992, a concert was held in memory of Viktor Tsoi, and on September 15, 1993, Michael Jackson performed at the stadium as part of the Dangerous World Tour. It was the singer's first performance in Russia. In August 1998, The Rolling Stones performed at the stadium (also for the first time in Russia).
In May 1999, the stadium received the maximum 5-star rating according to the UEFA classification. Since 2006, a rating has been used, in which the maximum is the 4th category (which Luzhniki should receive after the reconstruction is completed).
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On May 12, 1999, the stadium hosted the final of the UEFA Cup, the second most important European club tournament. Then the Italian "Parma", which was then played by one of the best goalkeepers in the history of Gianluigi Buffon, defeated the Marseille "Olympic" with a score of 3:0.
In October of the same year, the Russian national team suffered one of the most unfortunate setbacks in its history at Luzhniki. Having conceded a goal in the last minutes and tied with the Ukrainian team, the Russian team deprived itself of a chance to participate in final tournament world championship.
We saw crowded "Luzhniki" and big wins. A year earlier, in September 1998, "Spartak" won a strong-willed victory over the great Madrid "Real" (2:1) within group stage Champions League. In 2007, the Russian team, also losing during the match, will win with the same score of the British and later break through to the European Championship. In 2012 Russian team will win the Luzhniki national team of Portugal (1:0) within qualifying tournament world championship.
Champions League Final and World Championships in Athletics
In 2008, the Luzhniki stadium hosted the Champions League final. Manchester United took on Chelsea in a dramatic shootout.
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After that, Spartak Moscow and the Russian national team continued to play at Luzhniki until the very closing for reconstruction. The last major competition at Luzhniki before the closure for reconstruction was the World Championships in Athletics, which took place in August 2013.
RECONSTRUCTION
To comply with FIFA requirements, the option of demolishing the stadium was considered. In this case, the capacity of the arena could increase to 90,000 spectators. Later it was decided not to demolish the arena, but to reconstruct it. This decision was made by FIFA after negotiations with the organizing committee "Russia-2018" and the government of Moscow. Now the capacity of the arena is 81 thousand spectators.
Murat Akhmadiev, head of the construction supervision department of the state-owned enterprise BSA Luzhniki, subordinate to the capital's construction department, tells how the reconstruction of Luzhniki is going.
You can see what the Luzhniki almost ready for matches look like at.
