Turn on parallel skis. Turns on parallel skis Learning to turn on skis

It is carried out through rotary motion torso and legs in the direction of rotation. The turn is performed in the main downhill stance by transferring body weight to the inside ski. It is necessary to lean slightly in the direction of the turn so as not to be thrown out by centrifugal forces in the direction opposite to the turn. The track itself "leads" the skier around the turn. If there is no ski track, then the turn on parallel skis on the slope is performed as follows. Going down in the main stance, you should bend your legs a little and then immediately straighten up, followed by a “lock” in the knees, hips and ankle joints at the moment of stopping after straightening. At this moment, the pressure of the skis on the snow is significantly reduced, and the skier enters the turn, pushing the skis with his heels to the side.

Teaching methodology

Plow and semi-plow braking technique

Developed by student (full name) Ryzhenkova Alina
Well 3 group 309"K" date 23.04.2014

Tasks and means of learning	Teaching methods
		Frontal
2. to teach those involved in the “plow” braking technique - imitation of the position of the “plow” with one and then the other ski - retraction of one ski to the position of the “plough” - imitation of the position of the “plough” on level ground - imitation of the position of the “plough” on a slope of medium steepness - performing braking with a “plough” from a high stance on a gentle slope - performing braking with a “plough” with a change in the angle of spreading skis
3. Improving the technique of braking with a “plow” - performing braking with a “plow” with a change in the angle of spreading the skis and the speed of movement according to the commands “Already!” - braking with a "plough" on a mountain marked with landmarks - games and game exercises	Verbal (explanation, commands, counting). Visual (show). Practical (dissected exercise method, target exercise method).	Front Group Individual

Braking "plow" and "semi-plow"

Plow braking (double-sided stop) is used on slopes of medium and small steepness with straight descents: holding the socks together, spread the heels of the skis to the sides and put the skis on the inner ribs, which is achieved by bringing the knees closer together and transferring the weight to the heels. To increase the effectiveness of braking, you should spread the heels of the skis more and place them more steeply on the inner ribs.

Semi-plow

Teaching methodology

Stop braking technique

Developed by student (full name) Ryzhenkova Alina
Well 3 group 309"K" date 23.04.2014

Tasks and means of learning	Teaching methods	Methods of organizing educational activities of students
1. to create a correct idea of the braking technique among those involved.	Verbal (story, explanation). Visual (showing, demonstration of drawings, video). Practical (whole exercise method).	Frontal
2. teach those involved in the technique of braking with an emphasis. - retracting one ski to the stop position and returning to its original position - standing on level ground - braking with an emphasis on the slope.	Verbal (explanation, commands, counting). Visual (show). Practical (dissected exercise method, target exercise method).	Front Group Individual
3. Improving the technique of braking with an emphasis. - braking with an emphasis on a slope of medium steepness - performing the exercise: "descent - braking - descent - braking" - performing braking with a change in the width of the stop: narrow-wide-narrow-wide. - performance of braking by an emphasis on commands of the teacher. - braking by focusing on a mountain marked with landmarks - games and game exercises	Verbal (explanation, commands, counting). Visual (show). Practical (dissected exercise method, target exercise method).	Front Group Individual

Stop braking

The skier transfers the weight of the body to the upper (sliding straight) ski, and puts the lower one in the stop position: the heel is to the side, the toes are held together, the ski is edged on the inner edge. More often this method is used when descending obliquely.

Teaching methodology

The ability to correctly make turns on skis is important when skiing on the plain, while descending from the mountains. The ability to go around an obstacle in time allows the athlete to feel confident and safe on the track.

There are several types of turns on skis, the rider must be able to apply them when skiing. The main task during execution is the preservation of balance and stability when making a turn.

On site

Turns - a specialized complex training exercises, is used to teach beginners how to use the projectile, and the technique of ski turns in the mountains.

Consider a few basic ways to make turns on skis:

Heel stepping is done from a position - the skis are parallel, the poles are at the boots, they are rearranged together with the legs. The turning process is carried out with the foot located near the side of the turn. Turn to the right, the weight of the torso is shifted to the opposite leg, and the nose of the right ski rises, moves to the side, the back part remains on the snow surface. Then, the weight is transferred to right leg, and the left one is rearranged in the desired direction. The movement is carried out until the intended direction is reached.

The main mistakes are: tearing off the heel from the surface of the board and their back part from the snow, insufficient transfer of the load from side to side, not simultaneously rearranging the legs and arms, crossing the skis.

Turning socks - the principle of action is similar. The difference is that the nose remains pressed to the snow, and the heel comes off and is retracted to the side.
Swing with your feet - in this way, make turns faster. The only possible option, with a narrow ski track or not a wide slope. Start from the position - legs together, the weight of the body is shifted to one side, and the swing is made with the second leg, at the same time the leg and body turn around. The foot is placed on the surface of the snow, in the opposite direction. The second leg rotates around the first and is placed next to it.

Important: the stick should not interfere, at the moment of swing, it must be removed in the opposite direction.

A jump is a simple method, a small turn radius is done without focusing on sticks, and when turning 90 degrees, it is better to rely on them. A person jumps in place, bends his knees, tearing his skis off the surface, with a sharp movement turns in the right direction.

In move

U-turns in motion are used by athletes to change direction while riding. Based on the characteristics and purpose, the type of turn is selected, depending on the speed, conditions, condition of the snow cover and equipment.

Stepping is a common type, braking is not required, it is possible to increase the sliding speed. Used in flat and mountain racing. Implemented skating in the direction of the turn and powerful repulsion by the outer ski.
Emphasis - performed during the descent from the mountain at high speed and to change direction. The skier picks up speed, assumes a semi-squat position and shifts body weight to the outside leg. It extends 10 cm forward, placed on edge. More back abduction angle - steeper turn. The angle of the turn is affected by the thickness of the snow cover and the size of the transferred weight.
"Plow" - used on a slope with soft snow and not significant steepness. It is done at a low speed, in the process it is possible to lower it further, it is rarely used in running competitions. Starting the turn, the rider gets into the “plow” position, the heels are moved to the side, and the noses are close. With a smooth movement, the edging of the outer ski is carried out, and the weight of the body is transferred to it.

On parallel skis

Turning on parallel skis is the most advanced method of changing direction. It is not required to significantly reduce the speed and the presence of large physical costs, but it looks more aesthetically pleasing. It is carried out by rotating the body and legs in the direction of the turn. The torso leans slightly in the direction of the turn to prevent centrifugal force from throwing the rider in the opposite direction. In the process of driving, the pressure on the snow decreases, and the athlete enters the turn. Moving along the arc, the skis are placed on the inner edge.

Teaching methods

Proper control of alpine skiing implies the ability to do two basic actions (turns): to the right and to the left.

A method used for teaching beginners to help make a carved turn on alpine skis:

1. On the slope, the trainer is positioned above the beginner.

2. Control over turns is carried out with the help of stretched lines, on the right or left side, they are fixed on the trainee's belt. The device has girths on the legs connected to the belt, they serve to fix hip joint. Teaching lessons using this device, make training sessions safe and effective.

A well-known technique for how to turn on alpine skis, designed for beginners:

1. The student is on the slope in the plow position.

2. There is a development of the classic carving riding technique. During the descent from the slope, the trainee reduces the radius of the corner, and when making a turn, he shifts the weight of the body to one of the legs. Ski poles are often used as a device to implement this technique. One end is in the hands of the coach, it is located below the beginner, the second at the beginner. This allows you to control the actions of the trainee and prevent possible injuries.

Important: the efficiency and safety of skiing on the plains and in the mountains directly depends on mastering the technique of turns.

Having learned to competently perform any actions with skis, the skier will feel confident on any slope. Therefore, the learning process should be approached seriously and responsibly.

At this stage, they study and improve the techniques that allow you to confidently control skis on rather difficult slopes. Alpine skiers master the technique of turns on parallel skis, their style becomes more elegant, more beautiful.

Skiers gain independence. On simple tracks they enjoy the speed, the game of fast, rhythmic turns, on difficult terrain they gradually develop their own style. It is safe to say that it is from this period that skiers never part with their skis again. Love for them remains for life. As the French writer and athlete Michel Clair said, "skiing may not be all happiness. But happiness without them would not be complete."

The work of an instructor in this class is difficult and interesting. This is due to the fact that there is a sharp qualitative growth in the technique of his wards, which requires sensitive attention and methodological diversity. The dynamism of classes and the productivity and success directly related to it largely depend on a homogeneous composition (in terms of technical and physical training) students in a group.

As with other classes, class schedules are subject to change. So, for example, prolonged snowfalls can interfere with the development of techniques related to the transfer of ski loading (stop technique, step-turn). At the same time, abundant snowfall will allow you to appreciate the advantages of narrow steering in turns on parallel skis. On hard snow of rolled tracks, on icy slopes, you should mainly work on a step-turn and move on to a skate turn (in such conditions, classic turns with narrow skiing are not very effective).

Step-turn, both in terms of biomechanics and the nature of motor skills, technical elements, is very different from turning on parallel skis. To a certain extent, these two methods are incompatible at the first stage of training. For this reason, step-turning should be set aside for three or four days in a row, complementing this main theme with straight descents, stepovers, skating and traverse, reinforcing the technique in slalom training and free descents.

To study the technique of turns on parallel skis, a separate block of continuous lessons (10 days) is also allocated, which, in extreme cases (if the weather forces it), can be divided into two parts with practicing the technique of turns with alternate loading of skis between them (stepping, emphasis, step -turn). Only at further stages of improvement is it possible to simultaneously work on these two techniques.

In addition, the plan may be subject to change depending on the physical and technical fitness of the group. For example, it makes sense to transfer young skiers of a sports warehouse to the technique of descending steep slopes, to slalom training. Cautious, less dynamic, older people will find it more fun to "write out" arcs on spacious, gentle and gentle slopes. In other words, the adjustment can and should be significant, up to a change (in the interests of the students) of the curriculum.

From lesson to lesson, the instructor suggests returning to the repetition of the learned techniques, achieving their perfect execution. This, in addition, diversifies the means and methods of conducting classes, avoids monotony.

The instructor more and more often resorts to group descents on short and long sections of the tracks, which have a great instructive effect and create a good psychological mood, an atmosphere of enthusiasm.

Movement on a relief of variable steepness (straight descents). Overcoming a hillock at low speed. In the main stance of direct descent, when passing the top of the hillock or a little before it (at high speed), bending at the ankles, knees and hips, they take the front stance (tilt the body forward), which already on the slope of the hillock will go into a normal stance.

Overcoming the pit at low speed. In front of the pit, they take a more or less pronounced back stance (depending on the relief of the pit and the speed of movement) and slightly increase the spread. When leaving the pit, the increasing pressure is amortized, if necessary, by bending the legs.

Overcoming the hillock at medium speed. When hitting the top of the hillock or a little earlier, they squat with the body forward and stretch the hands forward down. After the hillock, a normal stance is restored.

Overcoming the hole average speed. As they enter the pit, they straighten up somewhat and increase the spread. When leaving the pit, the increasing pressure should be compensated by bending (you can rely on both sticks).

Overcoming a series of frequent bumps. Performed by active anticipatory flexion of the legs in the ankle and knee joints(compensatory flexion of the upper body becomes impossible due to the high frequency of movements). At high speed, the skier does not have time to make shock-absorbing bends. In this case, several hillocks pass by flight. If the speed is high enough, this can be achieved by bending the legs. Otherwise, the skier pushes off on the first hillock, hoping to land on the downward slope of the last hillock. Lands softly, with legs bent.

Overcoming the hillock of a sharp profile and recession. Performed with the help of a somersault (squat with the body tilted forward) or a jump (with a forward tilt), in which the skier keeps the skis parallel to the slope. The landing is soft, with bending of the legs.

Overcoming the hillock at high speed with the separation of skis. In some cases (for example, on a sharp change in the slope), the separation of skis from the snow is completely inevitable. During the flight (reduced to a minimum due to the forward jump), the skier, grouped, maintains a low stance, keeping the skis in a position parallel to the slope profile. Before landing, the skier straightens his legs somewhat in order to soften the impact on the slope with shock-absorbing flexion.

Leading jump. This technique is used when overcoming recessions and hillocks, when a skier's flight is inevitable. A few meters before the top of the hillock (the inflection line connecting the pit with the hillock), the skier makes a jump and assumes a grouped position, which he maintains during the flight until landing on the descending slope of the hillock. The technique makes it possible to shorten the length of the flight, control the trajectory of movement, and land in a convenient place (on a steep slope of a hillock, but not in a hole), where the skier is in the most stable position when the skis hit the slope. During the field, the hands are pushed forward down, and the skis move in a position parallel to the slope profile.

Guidelines. It is necessary to strictly follow the sequence of training. Straight and oblique are recommended at first

descend at high speed with independent footwork and shock-absorbing hip and knee flexion. Then you should switch to puffs of a smooth profile, train jumping-flights with a soft (without ski clatter) landing. When studying the leading jump in front of the top of the hillock, designate the place of repulsion. Master landing with exit to turn-braking.

Common Mistakes .

1. Insufficient amplitude of flexion-extension. 2. Strong inclinations of the torso ("pecking" with weak bending of the knees). 3. Rear stance when overcoming hillocks, recessions. 4. In the forward jump, the flight phase is prolonged (late repulsion), landing on flattening. 5. Insufficient grouping and narrow skiing at high speed and on hillocks with a sharp profile.

Step-turn improvement. The step-turn technique is improved on hard snow cover of different terrain with a gradual transition to icy tracks. With the help of exercises, appropriate selection of terrain and slopes, one achieves a decrease in step to the side, early entry into a turn, effective support on a stick, energetic and springy repulsion by the foot, soft (with bending of the legs) skiing in a turn, narrow rounded slip. The instructor practices the descents of the group in single file along the slopes. The technique is used when passing fragments of the giant slalom and slalom tracks (in closed turns).

At different stages of improving the step-turn technique, exercises of coordinating the prick with a stick and slips are useful, which polish the technical elements that form the basis of the technique.

slippage. It will not be a mistake to say that the skier on the slopes spends more than 90 percent of the time in slips: experienced, technical masters - in rounded slips of the arcs of turns, beginners - in the plow and braking skidding - sideways. Without slipping, that is, movement on skis turned across, braking on the slopes is impossible, which means that movement itself in the mountains is also impossible. Therefore, the development of slips, honing the tilting technique, flat skiing is given the greatest attention at all stages of the preparation of the skier.

In the second grade, they continue to work on the technique of lateral, oblique and rounded slips, in which they achieve narrow and synchronous guidance skis, soft edging and edging, correct stance, bending the legs at the moment of slipping. More often repeat the exercises of edging and edging ("game" of edging) in the process of lateral and oblique sliding. Achieve long, even, smooth slides, without dangling socks or backs of skis.

Sliding back and forth, or slipping in a zigzag. This skill develops ski tipping and longitudinal balance. It is indispensable for descents along steep narrow corridors in the forest or among rocks, as well as for safe descent between skiers at low speed.

Standing in a high stance, unroll the skis, moving your knees away from the slope for this, and lean back a little - the backs of the skis will begin to slip more (rollback, or slipping, rounded towards the slope). Next, shift the center of gravity of the body forward (lean forward along the axis of the skis) - the toes of the skis will slip lower and the slip will be directed obliquely forward (rounded from the slope). Achieve free movement in zigzags in different directions.

Slip-braking. This is the method of the most effective braking when driving at high speed and especially in narrow limited areas (in corridors). On a straight descent, the skis are unloaded by flexion or flexion-extension and the backs of the skis are sharply pushed to the side by turning the feet or a helical movement, adding, if necessary (in poor snow conditions, uneven terrain), flexion. Skis are displayed in a position almost perpendicular to the direction of movement. The skier takes a vertical position in the stance of the oblique descent. Speed control is carried out by tilting. In an oblique descent, the entry into slipping is easier to perform - to unload the skis, it is enough to just bend.

Methodical instructions. At first, choose even, smooth and fairly steep slopes with well-trodden snow. The entrance to slipping is best done on a slight elevation or inflection of the slope. To work out an increase in acceleration speed, the shortest braking-stop, slipping to a distance (increasing the duration of slipping), slipping to accuracy (in a marked corridor).

Unloading skis, or relief. The purpose of this technique is to release the skis from adhesion to the snow so that they can communicate with the rotational impulse and turn over when entering the turn.

Relief by bending. The degree of unloading of skis in this case depends on the speed of execution of the movement - bending the legs. With a sharp bend, even the separation of the skis from the snow is possible. The technique is used in some types of slips and turns.

Relief by flexion-extension. The flexion serves as a preparation for the extension, followed by a second flexion, softening the landing and thereby increasing the unloading phase. The movement is performed at a fast pace (the rebound rate of a rubber ball). With vigorous movement, the skis can tear off the snow surface - a jump. When driving on virgin snow, relief, on the contrary, should be performed smoothly, as if in slow motion (for this purpose, the amplitude of movements is increased). The straightening of the skier during extension should not be complete - the semi-bentness of the joints is preserved, which is generally characteristic of ski equipment.

To develop the right skill, unloading skis from the very beginning of training should be combined with a prick with a stick. A prick with a stick helps to unload the skis, maintain balance, helps to bring the skis into a turn, and, finally, it is, as it were, a signal to perform a turn (preparation phase). The skier on the descent, pulling up the stick, begins to bend and, together with bending (at the end of it), inflicts an injection. The subsequent rhythmic extension occurs along with support on a stick. A stick stuck in the snow stops somewhat, and the shoulders slightly turn towards the piercing stick. The stick is pulled out of the snow on its own as you pass near it.

Guidelines. First, they work out the softness of the performance of flexion-extension without separation and with the separation of the skis from the snow (jump) on the spot and in motion (straight and oblique descents). The absence of a knock upon landing is a sign of correct execution.

To work out the exact coordination of the injection with flexion-extension, the exercise "and-time!" is studied. In the main descent stance, at the command "and-and-and" the ring of the stick is pulled forward from the rear position, bringing the stick out to inject. On command "one!" do bending (incomplete squatting) with simultaneous injection. The stick is stuck a little in front and from the side - in the direction of demolition (at low speed close to the vertical). The jump follows immediately along with support on a stick.

Practicing synchronized execution requires patience and repetition. For proper coordination, it is better to start with a simultaneous injection with both sticks, like a "jump over a log with support" (to feel the support itself). Do the first exercises without skis (take sticks below the handles), then on skis on a flat area, in straight and oblique slopes. In case of failures in coordination, return to paired injections with both sticks again. Change the amplitude of flexion-extension, the height of the jump, achieving a soft silent landing along with flexion.

Mastering the correct injection-unloading opens up the possibility of mastering the technique of turns on parallel skis.

Slipping off a jump. The unloading of skis used in this technique contributes to the introduction of skis into slippage. When landing after a jump, the skier only needs to slightly turn over the skis to start slipping. The skier, as it were, smoothes the snow from above, without risking the lower edges to catch on the snow bumps. This explains the advantages of using unloading by extension when driving on broken, loose snow with various kinds of irregularities, with poor visibility, on unfamiliar slopes.

Perform the reception as follows. In an oblique descent, the skier, bending, inflicts an injection with the upper stick and quickly unbends. When landing, the skis are kept slightly canted due to the slight abduction of the knees from the slope. Soft springy flex helps to smoothly start sliding. After a short support, the stick is pulled out of the snow.

Guidelines. Practicing the reception follows the study of the correct coordination of the injection (exercise "and-time!"). Choose a slope of medium steepness (18 - 23 °). You should pay attention to the amplitude, softness of movements, maintaining the angular position. The jump is made low, literally 2 - 3 cm. Soon the jump is replaced by flexion-extension, performed without breaking off the skis.

Common Mistakes. 1. Lack of preferential loading of the lower ski - the skier "lays down" on the slope. 2. The skier spins towards the slope. 3. Incorrect coordination of the injection. 4. The skier does not bend ("stiff" legs). 5. Uneven ("torn") slippage.

A series of slips and jumps. The exercises lead directly to the technique of turning on parallel skis. Performed on a gentle slope (15 - 20 °), on soft trampled snow. From a steep descent close to the line of the slope, the skier begins to slide down, moving his knees away from the slope in order to turn the skis. By bending and slightly reclining, the skier achieves a long, rounded slip, in which the backs slip more than the socks. It is, in fact, a turn to the slope. The slip ends when the toes of the skis rise slightly above the level of the backs. At this moment, the skier, bending, inflicts an injection with the lower stick (the body is turned to face the skis without an angular position, Fig. 42.). Further, at a pace, relying on a stick, a jump is performed with a turn of the skis and the body towards a new steep oblique descent, coinciding in direction with the original descent. When the skis are turned, simultaneously with the rise of the backs up the slope, the ski toes are lowered down (the center of rotation is near the boots). After landing, the skier again goes into an oblique descent, bending gently and starting a new slide, rounded towards the slope.

On a wide, not steep slope, three or four long rounded slip-jumps follow one after another.

Rice. 42. A series of slip-jumps

Methodical instructions. First, you should repeat the injection-jump exercise in place. After that, rehearse the exercise "and-and-time!", Complementing the jump with a short, slight turn of the body and skis towards a stick stuck in the snow (rotational throw). Repeat oblique and rounded slips. When working out the series, achieve wide sloping arcs of slipping, ending with the lifting of the ski toes up (to facilitate the jump).

Typical mistakes. 1. Short slips with a slight drop down of the heels of the skis. 2. Angular (rather than straight) position of the body at the time of the injection. 3. Turning skis when jumping around the toes (throwing the heels). 4. Insufficient flexion ("stiffness" of the legs) 5. Poor sliding. 6. Incorrect coordination of the injection. 7. Lack of reliance on a stick.

Turns on parallel skis. This section of the program is central, since turns on parallel skis are the most perfect and versatile way to overcome various mountainous terrain on the descent with a variety of snow conditions. In addition, the technique of turns on narrowly set parallel skis is distinguished by elegance, and every skier strives to master it perfectly.

Turns of large and medium radii. They begin as a result of a rotational impulse formed when the skis are edged - a support, followed by a slight turn of the body into the valley and an inclination inward of the turning arc. Flexion-extension is used as unloading of skis.

In an oblique descent on parallel skis, bending is performed along with edging and a prick with a stick. Further, using the support on the stick, the skier unbends, rushing the whole body in a short turning movement inward and towards the turn. There is a re-edging of the skis and slipping. The position of the body is open, that is, directed towards the turn, facing the skis. The trajectory of the slip arc depends on the initial support - repulsion, the degree of tilting and the axial load of the skis. Turning begins with soft shock-absorbing bending of the legs and is complemented by an angular position that provides best conditions tilting and control of the arc with the loading of an external ski.

On fig. 43 shows a complex scheme for performing a turn on parallel skis. The movement is divided into the following main phases (compare with the diagram in Fig. 24).

Turn preparation - first phase: skier in motion lower hand brings the tip of the ski stick forward, at the same time starting to bend and preparing for an injection;

crouches and at the end of bending inflicts an injection with a stick somewhat in front and from the side below.

The beginning of the turn (entry into the turn) - the second phase: the skier unbends, using the support on the stick to perform a short turn of the body in the direction of the turn;

leaning inside the turn, flips the skis;

depending on the curvature of the turn makes more or

shorter flexion to remove the deload period and gently start slipping.

Turn control - third phase:

the skier begins to slip, turning almost to face the skis;

after crossing the slope line, it gradually loads the outer ski and assumes a more or less pronounced angular position, depending on the steepness of the slope, speed and curvature of the turn;

controls the slip arc by changing the tilt and stance.

End of turn - fourth phase:

for the most easy way stops, the skier does not change stance and continues to turn around until the toes of his skis begin to drive up the slope;

to switch to a slanting downhill, the skier, straightening up, takes a straight stance and turns the skis over;

to enter the next turn, the skier has all the necessary prerequisites: he is bent, the skis are edged, so there is a solid support for the jump. The skier turns to face the skis of the pestle with the extension of the lower arm forward for a prick with a stick (inside to the next turn). The preparation of a new turn is the end of the previous turn. It remains only to load both skis by bending and inflict an injection with a stick. This is how conjugate turns are performed, which means a series of turns connected one with the other without intermediate oblique descents.

Guidelines. A series of slip-jumps are recommended. The first preparatory exercise for practicing a full turn on skis (turn from the slope) is a turn from a straight downhill. It is convenient to enter the turn at the bend of a gentle hillock. Then gradually cross the slope line, working out more and more complete turns from the slope. The shape of the relief is convex, the entrance to the turn is at the bend. To work out conjugated turns, a rolling, unsharp ridge is preferable, when crossing which the skier makes turns.

At first, the turn is worked out with unloading in the form of a jump. The jump turn technique is the same as the described turn on parallel skis, but is performed with a more powerful unloading of the skis, up to the separation of the skis from the snow. This manner of performing the turn is a preparatory stage before mastering the main turn. In addition, the jump turn is especially effective when driving on heavy wet snow, as well as in uneven (broken) snow cover, in front of an unexpected obstacle, etc.

Improvement of technique is achieved in the training of conjugated turns and consists in a gradual decrease in the amplitude of extension, a decrease and subsequent elimination of the separation of the skis from the snow. When sliding in an arc, the trail from the skis should be narrow, evenly stretched along the length. Body movements are soft (to cushion uneven terrain).

Common Mistakes.

1. Twisting the body in the direction of rotation, sweeping movements of the shoulder girdle.

2. Strong bounce, wide pushing backs to the side.

3. Excessive torso forward leaning leading to strong heel slippage in a turn. Broken body position.

4. Excessive tilt of the body inside the turn (fall).

5. Full extension (straightening of the legs, lower back).

6. Incorrect thrust and support on the stick (lack of synchronism, insufficient or too long support).

8. Flaccid extension

Turns of medium and small radii. In order to move to turns of a smaller radius, when tying the arches, the edge rhythm is gradually increased, in the dribbling phase the angular position is accentuated, support on a stick and bracing is used, combined with knee inclination into the arch. Skiers, depending on their individual characteristics, can combine the listed elements in different ways.

Distinctive features Techniques for turns of medium and small radii are: 1) using the momentum of the support of edged skis - "springboard effect" (to enter the turn); 2) angular position (with its transformation in some cases into a leading dive); 3) on steeper slopes and in tighter turns, an increase in the amplitude of flexion-extension at the entrance to the turn and in the dribbling phase; 4) preferential loading of the outer ski when guiding the turn arc.

At the end of the turn arc or at the end of a short slip - pre-turn, simultaneously with the injection with a stick, the skier in an angular position rhythmically turns the skis over, bending and tilting his knees to the slope. Thanks to the advancing movement of the torso inside the turn, the skier uses a springboard push - a “hit” from below for quick edge-over and putting the skis into the turn. Key moment: work of the knees - tilt to the slope when edging and then transfer to the inside of the arc.

The technique of phase-by-phase movement in the turn of medium and small radii is shown in fig. 44. Preparation of the turn: the skier in the oblique downhill begins to slide-pre-turn;

finishing the pre-turn, it bends and, simultaneously with the edging, inflicts an injection with the lower stick (the knees are tilted towards the slope).

Turn start:

the skier, using support on a stick (the body is turned into the valley in the angular position of the leading dive) and on edged skis, does an extension; as he straightens (which should never be full) pushes the body in and forward, moving the knees from the inward to the inward position and at the same time turning the feet in the direction of the turn.

Turn control:

the skier softens the landing (resumption of loading) by bending the legs, adjusting the unfolding force of the feet;

Rice. 44. Sharp turn (turn medium-small radius)

gradually transfers most of the weight to the outer ski towards the turn, slightly moving the body forward, and tilting the knees inward;

top part the body is deployed mainly facing the skis (in gentle arcs) or directed more towards the valley, almost not participating in movements (when performing short turns);

Hands are laid aside and slightly forward.

The end of the turn, as in the previous case, can take four different forms. When pairing turns, that is, when one turn passes into the next without intermediate sections of the traverse, the end of one turn is actually the preparation for the next. The turning technique is thus divided into three phases - preparation, entry into the turn and arcing.

The curvature of the trajectory of the turn depends on the actions of the skier at the entrance to the turn and, of course, on the preparation for it. For gentle turns (turns of large and medium radii) slipping in the pre-turn with a long soft edge with slight bending and an insignificant angular position. Turn entry movements are less energetic, with a prolonged rhythm. Before a sharp turn, the pre-turn is short with a sharp edging and a strong bending of the body in the angular position of a leading dive, a prick with a stick is applied more to the side. When entering a turn, the extension is performed at a fast pace with a force sufficient to unload the skis and impart a rotational impulse to them. In the latter case, the necessary inclination of the body and the forward flow of the body are carried out by dumping forward inward in an advanced dive and pushing the backs outward. Various combinations of strength and amplitude of movements underlie the technique of performing turns of different curvature.

Guidelines. To begin mastering the technique of turning a small radius should be with the development of its variant - turning with a jump. The extension movements are more energetic, which causes the skis to break off the snow and makes it easier to enter the turn. The jump turn has the following advantage: it forces the skier to make the same movements with both legs (skis) at the same time, which accustoms to narrow parallel skiing and eliminates support skills.

As the main preparatory exercise, a series of shortened oblique slips-jumps are recommended, in which they work out the movements of the knees and the turn of the feet, as well as the angular position at the time of edging. Combinations of series of slips with intermediate turns are useful.

For training, avoid steep slopes, as well as icy snow. It is desirable to perform turns on bends, on tubercles or along a ridge. As you master the technique, reduce the amplitude of extension, achieving a soft entry into the turn without tearing the skis off the snow. When pairing turns, gradually reduce the sections of the traverses connecting the turns. On gentle and medium slopes, work out the technique of gentle turns at medium and high speeds. Then, on medium and further on steep slopes, practice sharp turns.

Short sharp turns performed on slopes of medium and high steepness using dynamic edges with bending of the legs, creating a "springboard" effect of tossing and turning skis, are usually referred to as the so-called push technique, which is the basis of short braking turns on steep slopes.

Series of short slips. This is the main preparatory exercise for mastering the technique of short conjugated turns - godil. The skills of short conjugate turns are laid down in the study of small radius turns discussed in the previous section.

A necessary condition for performing short slips is the adoption of an angular position at the moment of edging (Fig. 45). The subsequent transition to the oblique descent occurs in the form of a return from the angular position to the position facing the skis at the moment of the jump (screw movement). This is the main difference between the technique and the previously studied series of slip-jumps performed in the form of large gentle arcs.

The exercise is performed in the form of short rhythmic slides on a medium slope with well-trodden snow.

Guidelines. You should start with working out the angular position on the spot and in oblique descents on slopes of different steepness. The angular position is created due to the bend in the hip (pelvis to the slope) and knee joints, so that the skier retains the possibility of soft flexion-extension in the vertical direction. The development of the skill of precise coordination of the jump-jump is facilitated by the exercise "and-and-time!", as well as the development of stops when sliding (side and oblique) by edging with the simultaneous application of a locking injection with the lower stick. A series of short slips are repeated on slopes of different steepness (13 - 25 °), changing the rhythm of movements.

Short conjugated turns - godil.

Short coupled turns are characterized by a rhythmic alternation of movements in which slips

in the arcs are minimized, sections of intermediate

there are no traverses at all, the turns themselves are practically reduced to the entry phase, and each slip in the arc prepares the next turn, that is, it is itself the first phase. Essentially, it is a series of half-turns.

The technique of short turns is based on the techniques described for a sharp turn. However, there are many more ways to perform short conjugated turns, a common feature of which is a frequent change of movements, an undulating picture of the skier's descent from an outwardly stationary top body.

Among the many ways to move in short conjugated turns, there are three main types:

on even slopes of medium steepness with good snow cover, they use the technique of ordinary paired turns on parallel skis, in which edging and pricks with sticks play a special role to create a rhythm (Fig. 46);

on steep slopes, the execution of short decelerating turns is based on the jog edging technique with an accentuated angular position and active work of the knees (godille braking);

on gentle slopes, short coupled turns are performed with the upper body relaxed, constantly turned down the slope. The amplitude of movements up and down, the angular position, edging are minimal. Skis in flat dribbling deviate from the slope line at a small angle, turns can be combined with stick injections and performed without them.

Depending on the steepness and speed of the descent, the skis turn more or less strongly across the slope. It also determines the clarity and strength of the edge and stick injection in preparation for the turn. Entering a turn, especially at the initial stage of training, is recommended to be performed from a jump. Achieve a soft landing with bending of the legs. The slip leads to the preparation of the next turn. The body remains turned into the valley almost all the time. The injections are performed with arms wide apart.

On a gentle slope, a wide variety of forms of short turns are possible. It is necessary to achieve a reversal of skis with flat guidance. On a steep slope, short braking turns are used. This technique is characterized by powerful rounded slips with ski edges almost horizontal position. Unloading is performed by jumping, strong support on a stick is used, which is ahead of the movement of the body. The most perfect form of short turns on

steep slopes and on hillocks are turns using avalman.

One of the varieties of short turns is the technique of helical movements, or, more precisely, helical movements. Despite the fact that this technique is somewhat outdated and less and less used by skiers, it is distinguished by its elegance and therefore deserves attention.

Rice. 46. Short conjugated turns

The technique of helical movement is directly related to the technique of angular position used in traverses. In this stance, the skier is more or less turned away from the slope, bent at the waist and knees (transversely). The angular bending of the body is conveniently combined with the helical twisting of the body - this position provides the best conditions for tilting the skis. If a skier from one angular position tries to jump to another (opposite or main stance) position, he will perform a helical movement. While bouncing, the skier changes the angular position to the opposite and, turning the upper body in one direction, forces lower part the body, and with it the skis, rotate in the opposite direction.

Methodical instructions. First, you should work out short turns on slopes of medium steepness (15 - 20 °) on well-trodden snow. The most favorable relief is the soft form of the ridge section, going straight down the slope (Fig. 47).

The main preparatory exercise: a series of short slips. Next, alternate a series of two or three short slips and turns from the slope. Move on to linking short half-turns from the slope, gradually reducing the sliding phase in them, thereby accelerating the rhythm.

Another learning method (for non-dynamic, cautious skiers) is to gradually reduce the slip phases when pairing normal turns and gradually transition to short turns.

Rice. 47. Ridge section for learning short turns 182

Such turns first appeared in Norway, in the city of Christiania (now Oslo), and were called accordingly - “Christianity”. We have retained a name that is more consistent with the classification of this turn.

Turns on parallel skis are made along arcs of very different curvature, with a wide range of speeds, with different movement characteristics - from pure sliding to side slipping. In the combination of these types of movement, all the complexity of this turn, which, in general, consists of simple elements: direct sliding (a), lateral displacement (b), rotation (c) and tilting (d) (Fig. 53).

Rice. 53. The complex movement of a ski in a turn consists of simple ones: longitudinal sliding (a), lateral displacement (b), rotation in the plane of the slope (c) and edge tilting (d)

The division of the rotation into phases simplifies the explanation of the technique and the teaching methodology. The most common is the division into three phases: entry, main phase and turn exit. Such fragmentation is quite enough to reflect its essence.

Turns on parallel skis are distinguished by the way they enter.

The method depends on a number of circumstances: the steepness of the slope, the condition of the snow, the speed of descent, the curvature of the turn and its direction - from or to the slope. Schematically, these entry methods and the turns themselves are shown in Fig. 54. The thick line indicates the trace of a loaded ski, and the thin line indicates a light one, this also reflects the sequence of body weight transfer. In the entry phase, the mutual displacement of the skis is visible in the following ways: from the plow (a), from the stop with the outer ski (b), from the stop inside (c), from the skating step (d), (e), the displacement at the entrance by lightening the skis (e ) and only by edge change (w).

Rice. 54. Typical traces of turns on parallel skis: (a) from the plow, (b) from the outer stop, (c) from the inner stop, (d) from the lower ridge, (e) from the upper ridge, (f) unloading the skis, ( g) edge-over with body weight transfer

When entering a turn from a plow or stop, the outer ski continues to move in the main phase with some braking due to the preliminary setting at an angle. In other ways, it is possible to fit into the arc tangentially, which makes sliding free from braking with a minimum of losses from snow deformations.

Thus, turning on parallel skis, manipulating the loading and tilting of the skis, we can:
- slide along an arc of constant radius, shifting the heels of the skis around the toes at an angle equal to the angle of rotation;
- slide in an arc and turn the skis to a greater angle, shifting the heels more;
- slide along an arc of decreasing curvature due to lateral slipping or, conversely, due to cutting edge...

And so on. The nuances of combining sliding with lateral slipping and angular displacement of the heels of skis are countless. However, the technical skill of the skier lies in the fact that elements of pure sliding prevail in the turn. Let's dwell on this in more detail.

The skier, by adjusting the angle of setting, loading and tilting the skis, changes the direction and magnitude of the centripetal force, which makes the movement curvilinear. He must feel the ratio of linear and angular speeds well, as this affects the quality of cornering (for example, while maintaining the linear speed constant, the angular velocity decreases with increasing radius). Given the importance of this issue, let's return to it once again, although it is discussed in detail in the "Kinematics" section.

The movement of the ski in an arc usually begins with setting it at a certain angle and turning over. If this angle increases in the turn itself, it means that the penetration of the toe of the edged skis is too strong. This leads to the fact that the skis, being almost across the movement, no longer slide in an arc, but slide sideways more. With this combination of these movements, the conversation will be more about braking than about turning. A “clean” turn entry without first setting the skis at an angle makes it possible to slide along an arc with minimal heel shift and almost no side drift, therefore, with the least braking.

So, by adjusting the main elements of the technique gradually, the athlete approaches the technique of the carved turn. To do this, he tries to distribute the load of the outer ski in the main phase of the turn evenly along its entire length, which provides the best conditions for sliding with deflection along the turn arc. Loading is carried out by lateral deflection and deviation of the upper body outward of the turn. Thus, the contour of the whole body turns out to be slightly curved outward, which, by the way, makes it convenient to bypass the slalom poles. You should not only exaggerate this posture, concentrating the flexion in the pelvic region: you will get a sideways stance, giving an unnecessary load on the muscles.

As for the deflection of the body to the center of the turning arc, it is different at different points of the main phase. If at the beginning the slope is small and the body is straightened, then towards the end the slope is greater and the lateral bend is more pronounced.

Having considered in general terms the turns on parallel skis, we will analyze the technique of each of them, taking as a basis a full turn from the slope. We take the starting position as an oblique descent with the corresponding loading of the lower ski, which means that in the turn it will be internal, and the upper ski will be external.

Turning from a plow on parallel skis. The name itself suggests that the plow is an intermediate technique, with the help of which an impulse is given to the subsequent turn and a transition is made to the main phase. The plow ends with an energetic repulsion of the lower ski and placing it against the upper (outer) ski. The weight of the body is on the outside, and the sliding along the arc will continue under the action of the forces of interaction with the snow. The inner ski, placed parallel to the outer one, plays an insignificant role as an additional support in the main phase (Fig. 55).

Rice. 55. Turn on parallel skis from a plow

The width of the plow at the entrance directly depends on the curvature of the upcoming turn and the steepness of the slope and is inversely related to the speed - the larger it is, the narrower the plow. The width of the plow affects the nature of the main phase - the greater the angle of spreading the skis, the more noticeable lateral slippage, and therefore braking.

Turning on parallel skis from a plow is used mainly at low speeds. However, skillful sliding in the main phase allows you to increase speed at the moment of passing the slope line. Beginning skiers usually tighten the plow position to the slope line. Having achieved good glide in the main phase, it is necessary to move on to reducing the plow and reducing the phase of entering the turn on parallel skis.

Turn from the stop with an external ski. In contrast to entering the turn from the plow, when entering from the stop, the ski, which will be inside during the turn, continues to slide in the original direction until the body weight is transferred to the outside. This reduces braking. Before setting up the thrust ski, the skier loads the lower (guide) ski even more for the next push. Simultaneously with the setting of the outer ski at point-blank range, the shoulders and hands with sticks begin to fly. forward-in side to ensure correct stance and loading of the outer ski, corresponding to the main phase (Fig. 56).

Rice. 56. When entering the turn from the stop, do not look under your feet and move forward with the torso along with the ski: a - incorrect and b - correct movement

Regardless of the circumstances, the entry into a turn should be a continuous movement, and in short conjugated turns, it looks like! elastic jump. The higher the skill of the skier, the shorter the turn entry phase and the smaller the stop. This lengthens the main phase - turning on parallel skis. The amplitude of movements depends on the pace of entry into the turn, and the width of the stop determines the steepness of the turn. As in the plow, sometimes the phase of entering the turn from the stop is delayed to the slope line and even to the end of the arc - such a turn is called a stop turn.

Turning on parallel skis from the stop is very practical, it is used in a wide range of speeds and snow conditions. Errors: the skier either turns over the outside ski too sharply, and it is under high angle crashes into the snow, which is why the skis do not glide smoothly in the turn, or he twists the body in the direction of the turn, and the closed stance causes excessive lateral slip and vibration of the skis.

Simulation exercises can speed up learning to enter the turn from the stop, achieving a decrease in the stop to a minimum on the slope, so that, while maintaining the principle of repulsion by the lower ski and rotation, approach the turn on parallel skis by lightening the skis at the entrance.

Turn from the stop with the inside ski. To create a reliable impetus for the upcoming turn, in particular, to facilitate the entry into the turn under a steep slope from an oblique descent, an emphasis on the lower ski is used. With the setting of the lower ski at close range, it turns out to be more edged, and the upper, flat-lying, retains the direction of the descent. The action of the stop is short and almost does not cause braking, and the rotational impulse is sufficient to enter the upper ski into a turn tangential to the arc, which ensures the cleanliness of sliding in the main phase (Fig. 57).

Rice. 57. Having entered the turn from the stop with the inner ski, the demonstrator accentuates the loading of the outer ski in the main phase by raising the inner ski

When mastering such an entrance to a turn, it is recommended to practice multiple stops with the lower ski during one oblique descent with a return to the starting position. On fig. 58 shows how, in the process of improvement, the support of the lower ski can be transformed into slipping and underlash in the form of a pre-turn.

Rice. 58. The stop of the lower ski can be transformed into a push or a sliding underlap, as a pre-turn

Turn on parallel skis from a skating step. In order to start a turn from the slope from a skating step from an oblique descent, the skier, keeping the weight of the body on the lower ski, gives it the opportunity to slide the toe steeper down the slope (at this moment acceleration occurs), while the upper ski maintains the direction of movement. By the moment of repulsion, the upper ski should lie flat in order to freely enter the turn with a flat-cut slide with further edging. The main phase of the turn on parallel skis here is very similar to the previous method, since it begins with a tangential slide to the beginning of the arc (Fig. 59).

Rice. 59. Entering a turn on parallel skis from a skating step is widely used on sports tracks

Sometimes the end of a protracted skating step is performed with a stop underlay, which makes it easier to quickly pull up the toe of the lower ski, which is necessary on the sports tracks of slalom and giant. This element has some commonality with the technique of turns on parallel skis in pairings. When entering a turn from a skating step from an oblique descent to a slope, sliding in the main phase begins on the inner edge of the upper ski with inevitable lateral displacement, which continues after the jog ski is attached. This applies to all turns on parallel skis in the phase of sliding to the slope, except when the snow compaction is under sliding surface the lower ski creates good support like a counter-slope.

It is possible to single out the entrance to the turn “from a wide ski” * as an independent way. This method is, as it were, a synthesis of an emphasis and a skate, when the angle of the exposed ski is reduced to zero. With such a parallel setting, only the transfer of body weight from one ski to another is required (Fig. 60). There is no such energetic repulsion to redistribute the load of the skis, and there is no braking effect of the stop, and no accelerating effect of the skate. Entering a turn from a wide ski looks like a transfer followed by a slide in an arc. This can be convenient in complex conjugations of arcs. In a straight descent, for the same turn entry, it is enough to lighten one ski, after which the other, which turned out to be external and under load, begins a flat-cut sliding tangentially to the arc.

Rice. 60. Entering a turn on parallel skis is accompanied by weight transfer to the outside ski

One of the pioneers in the use of such a technique in our country was Guy Severin, the champion of the USSR in downhill skiing in 1951. His turning technique was generally distinguished by the desire to use the phase of flat sliding as long as possible at the beginning of the turn from the slope. This gave it an advantage on long and medium curvature turns, but on steep slalom courses it lacked canting, especially at the end of the arc. This, by the way, was facilitated by soft and low shoes of those times. Now, modernly equipped athletes are quite successful in flat-cut gliding.

The champions of the USSR of the late 60s Mansur Khusainov and Valery Semenov, who performed especially successfully on the giant slalom tracks, made a considerable contribution to the development of the “wide ski” technique.

Turn on parallel skis with ski unloading at the entrance. With this method, the parallelism of the skis is maintained in all phases, including the entrance to the turn. Consequently, in order to switch to sliding along an arc, the skier only needs to change the stance, giving the skis the necessary interaction with the snow, which ensures the emergence of centripetal force. Putting the skis in this position is carried out at the moment of easing their pressure on the snow by bending and unbending the legs.

The most common technique for unloading skis is flexion-extension-flexion of the whole body. Due to the relatively long duration in which this lightening of the skis occurs, this turn entry is easy to learn and applicable in almost any conditions. It is no coincidence that a turn with this method of unloading is called “light Christiania” in the West because of its availability. On fig. 61 shows a cinegram of this turn. It is made of an oblique descent from the slope.

Rice. 61. Turn on parallel skis with relief (unloading) of skis at the entrance

The successive positions are as follows: the initial oblique descent in the main stance (1) with the loading of mainly the lower ski. The only thing that distinguishes the skier's stance here from the oblique descent is the removal of the right hand with a stick prepared in advance for the injection, as well as the bending of the whole body like a compression of a spring (2). At the end of this squat, the pressure on the snow increases. This is followed by a repulsion with a simultaneous prick with a stick and a swing of the upper body and arms in the direction of the turn - at the end of the repulsion, the body is straightened (3), the contact of the skis with the snow is weakened, due to the blocking of the muscles in the lumbo-pelvic region, the inertia of the swing is transferred to the skis, which, having received rotational momentum, start the movement of rotation and displacement of the skis outward of the arc. In order for the displacement of the skis outward of the arc to be freer and softer, it is accompanied by a smooth bending of the legs to the position of the main turn stance with the loading of the external ski.

An important detail should be noted: in the process of final bending, until the grip of the skis with the snow has reached its maximum, the speed of rotation of the skis in the direction of the turn is greater than the speed of rotation of the shoulders. As a result of this difference, we get a normal, no-twist, turn stance in which the skis are quite close together, without any noticeable forward movement of the inside ski. The entry phase is over, the skier slides in an arc, performing the main phase of the turn on parallel skis (4-5-6). The stance is free, unstressed, without excessive twisting of the body in the direction of the turn and lateral bending of the body with a fanciful outward opening of the turn, inherent in the old Austrian school of the 50s. The skier confidently glides, distributing the weight evenly along the entire length of the ski, feeling it well with the entire sole.

Let us dwell in more detail on some subtleties of the last element. They are inherent in all ways of turning, but are especially noticeable on parallel skis, where the slightest fluctuations in the distribution of body weight along the length of the ski affect the nature of the glide. As we have already said, the final link of our body that controls the ski is the foot with three points of support on the sole and ankles. Two front points of support on the sole are formed by the arch of the metatarsus and one behind - by the heel. They transfer pressure to the ski. Moreover, the front points can load the front of the ski with an emphasis on the inner or outer edge of the ski, and the ankles are involved only in tilting.

Thanks to the skillful use of the “three-point” support, it is possible to change the passage of the main phase of the turn at the discretion of the skier. So, for a slight increase in the activity of the forces applied to the front of the ski and dragging the skier into a turn, it is enough to press the lower leg on the front edge of the top of the boot, inside the metatarsus on the sole, and the ankle on the top of the boot. Such a technique, hardly noticeable from the side, ensures smooth entry into the turn from the slope with the transition from flat to flat-cut sliding, most often obtained before entering the slope line. After this line, the turn continues to the slope, and to improve edge penetration, the skis add lateral movement of the knees. With the same movement, we strengthen the edge of the skis to stop by turning uphill or, conversely, weaken it when switching to an oblique descent. As you can see, the final phase of the turn on parallel skis - the exit from the turn - is carried out by changing the loading of the ski ribs. An abrupt stop is achieved by turning the skis across the course and maximum edging.

Passing through the main phase, the skier must remember that, depending on the completeness of the turn, the inclination of the skis to the horizon changes to a greater or lesser extent, and the speed also changes accordingly. He must respond to acceleration when entering the slope line and deceleration as he approaches the traverse by appropriately shifting the support to the heels or toes. In addition, the change in the nature of ski sliding in different phases of the turn (it is usually cleaner at the beginning and with more slippage at the end) must also be compensated by redistribution of body weight along the skis: pressure from the fingers or heels decreases or increases. So, in a kind of swing over skis, similar to a free descent along a slope of variable steepness, the skier maintains balance in a turn. In short, frequent turns, where the center of gravity of the body moves almost straight along the line of the slope, and the skis slide along small arcs, there is no need to correct the loading of the skis and the inclination of the body, and the pressure is exerted by the entire sole.

Precise recipes for loading the front or back of the skis in one or another phase of the turn should not be given, since the countless combination of sliding and side slip elements, as well as specific slope conditions, in their own way affect the nature of the movement in turns on parallel skis. But it is necessary to pay attention to this. Only practice and more practice will instill in the skier the necessary ski control skills.

The turn with unloading skis at the entrance is the most common in alpine skiing, and all the elements inherent in the technique of turns on parallel skis are present to a greater or lesser extent. It is better to start mastering the entrance to this turn on the spot, perform elastic jumps with raising the backs of the skis by 10-15 cm. Then do this exercise on a straight descent along a gentle slope, then on an oblique one. Adding to it the lateral movement of the legs with the shift of the heels of the skis uphill, we get a combination of all the elements necessary to start the turn.

The process of improvement here goes through a gradual decrease in the height of the lift off of the skis and a reduction in the duration of the entry phase into the turn relative to the main phase of the turn. A qualitative leap in technology occurs when only short-term flexion-extension of the legs is used to lighten the skis with simultaneous lateral displacement of the skis outward of the turn. The subsequent bending of the legs - the main element in the depreciation of the tubercles - is also incorporated into the technique of pairing turns.

Thus, applying the unloading of skis by flexion-extension, we get several options for entering a turn on parallel skis:
a - with the predominance of the angular displacement of the heels and the loss of contact with the snow;
b - with lateral displacement of skis and loss of contact; c - with lateral displacement of skis and maintaining contact of skis with snow.

The latter option requires more skill. It is usually observed when performing steep, full turns at relatively low speeds and mainly from straight descents - lowering the center of gravity of the body when bending the legs and pushing the skis to the side when unbending give some increase in speed similar to the advanced depreciation of the hillock. The ability to enter a turn from a jump expands the skier's technical horizon and facilitates the development of short turns on steep slopes (Fig. 62).

Rice. 62. Entering a turn with a sharp repulsion (jump) is convenient on steep slopes

Clean turn on parallel skis. "Pure" is called a turn, the entrance to which and its main phase are made only due to the re-edging of the skis and the redistribution of body weight. No other elements are used in this method, although they may somehow appear. It is mainly used in downhill skiing. A clean turn looks psychologically difficult: not everyone can trust the skis that they “themselves” will start sliding along the curve, and even with their backs uphill. It is easier to get it from straight descents, when the skis lie flat on the snow, and most importantly, they have high speed. Then, as already mentioned, to bring them into the turn, it is enough to load the edge facing the center of the upcoming turn more strongly. This is how, in fact, the transition to flat-cut sliding looks like, which we analyzed in the skating step and stepping turns.

It is difficult to start a clean turn from an oblique descent from the slope. In order for the skis to go steeper downhill at the beginning of the turn, it is necessary to gradually reduce the canting, but so that the skis continue to slide forward, and not switch to side slip. Here, a real sense of the available speed and the intended curvature of the upcoming turn helps out. A sharp turn at low speed cannot be performed in this way.

Gradually reducing the edge of the skis, it is necessary to load the socks more - only then will the skis begin to reach the slope line through the flat glide phase. Depending on the rate of descent and the curvature of the turn, flat slip can start very quickly and end just as quickly, switching to flat slip with little side drift in the final phase of the turn to the slope.

Here, for the sake of clarity, I would like to draw an analogy with a jet of water released onto a slope at an angle to the slope. The greater the outflow velocity, the smoother the jet bend, and the steeper the slope, the sharper the jet bend. So nature itself suggests a turn with the least losses*.

Pure turns in sports practice are used on downhill and super-G tracks. The choice of slopes and the marking of trails for them are usually treated very responsibly. The track should make high demands on the skill of the athlete, favor the use of the most advanced technique, the manifestation of tactical thinking.

Analyzing the technique of turns, we almost did not touch on the use of sticks. This is not accidental, since they play only a supporting role.

In steering turns, sticks are used as a balancer and to restore balance as an additional support.

When making turns on parallel skis, the support on a stick, in most cases, internal in relation to the upcoming turn, fixes the moment and place of entering the turn, emphasizing all the movements made by the skier, in particular, lightening the skis. Depending on the purpose of the support, the speed and curvature of the turn, the stick is stuck either closer to the toe of the ski, or at the level of the bindings. The higher the speed, the steeper the sticking. The support is turned into a short prick, trying to quickly remove the pin from the snow. Moreover, in an effort to increase speed, they make a pendulum movement with a stick, as if raking the snow under them.

Observations show that the higher the skier's skill, the less often he resorts to sticks, paying maximum attention to ski glide.

* An even clearer experience with a ball released onto an inclined surface at an angle to the slope.

Versatility, the ability to ride in various conditions, a large technical arsenal - this is what distinguishes a good skier. This material will enrich your ability to turn on parallel skis. Helps you learn how to use short turns to descend steep or narrow slopes. Practicing the suggested material will allow you to descend the ramp line in short, connected turns.

Turn stop

Short turns require a quick turn of the skis, and this is impossible without good unloading of the skis. One way to achieve this extreme offload is to practically jump off the snow. Much more effective way will use extension unloading, which uses the energy of the edges and forward movement. This method not only requires less effort, but also brings rhythm to your riding, as the completion of one turn is used to start the next.

emphasis is the best way for learning elastic unloading. At first, going to the pivot turn may feel like a step backwards, but the pivot will help you quickly develop a sense of edge-to-edge skiing, which in turn opens the door to fast parallel turns. Even after you get better in your technique, you can still find a use for the quick stop when you need more stability on bumps or to release excess speed when entering a turn. Pivoting is a good and safe technique when you are on a steep slope or when you have a heavy pack on your back. This technique cannot be compared to driving a Ferrari, but if you need a Jeep, use it.

It is not surprising that the turn with an emphasis begins with the removal of the valley ski at close range. The ski slides gently until the edge bites dead into the slope. This moment is called the edge, and the point at which the edge caught on the slope is called the springboard, because. it provides a good base for the next push. As your momentum sends your mass forward and up off the skis, you thrust with the stick and begin a new turn. The turn ends as usual with a controlled slip on parallel skis.

Adviсe

At first, when descending with emphasis, it may be difficult to understand the springboard. Keep your downhill ski flat as you slide it down, and turn over only when you create a stop. As a result, you will get a great edging.

Even when your downhill ski is at rest, continue the gentle forward movement of your top ski. At this point, your top (mountain) ski should be almost completely unloaded.

Exercises

Practice building jumps while traversing the slope. While in motion, crouch down, lower the edge of your valley ski and edge the ski at close range, prick with a stick at the moment of the edge and unload the skis using the resulting springboard. Did you feel the unloading of your feet? Your upper (mountain) ski is unloaded and continues to move in the direction of the traverse. Make about 6 stops traversing the slope and then perform a full turn with the stop.
Try to connect your turns. Finishing the turn in a crouch and with the weight on the valley ski, push it to the stop position to start the next turn. You should develop the following rhythm: emphasis with a prick with a stick, unloading turn, emphasis with a prick with a stick, unloading a turn.

Preparing for the turn

Accelerating the start of a turn on parallel skis

You are now ready to apply ski extension relief in a parallel turn. A technique to help achieve this is called corner entry edging. It's a fast, aggressive lateral movement into the slope that puts your downhill ski on the edge and provides energy for later extension unloading. Preparing for a turn also allows you to add a lead technique to your arsenal.

Preparing for the turn is a continuation of the technique you learned during the descents, the only difference is that the skis remain parallel throughout the turn and the top ski follows the movement of the bottom ski.

Clue

The sharper the edge at the beginning of the turn, the more effective the subsequent extension unloading will be.

Lead and counter-spin

Anticipation turns your body into a spring that begins to unwind the moment the skis are unloaded.

Preemption is powerful technique, which allows you to start corners more connected, powerful and balanced. A simple analogy is to imagine your body as a spring. Leading has your shoulders and upper body pointing down the slope to direct the turn, while edge loading keeps your skis and hips moving across the slope. This movement twists your body into a spring, tensing your abdominal muscles.

At the moment you prick with a stick and unload the skis, the spring unwinds, releasing energy from the muscles, turning your skis into the slope line and starting the turn. The most important element here is the prick with a stick, which coordinates the beginning of the unloading and helps to maintain balance.

If lead coils your body into a spring and uses spin to initiate the turn, counter-spin is the next stage of the turn. You are actually using your abdominal and thigh muscles to power your turn. It looks like your skis are spinning in one direction while your upper body is twisting the other way to compensate for leg movement (hence the counter-spin).

Try not to overdo it. Can get into the habit of unloading and turning your skis with body counter-spin. This is an unnecessary burden and slows down your progress.

Counter-rotation uses the abdominal muscles to speed up the spin.

Short carved turns

Once you've learned how to use turn preparation for powerful offloading for parallel turns, it's time to try short carved turns.

Short carved turns are a very dynamic way to ride along the slope line. In a slightly exaggerated way, your waist-to-waist upper body moves cleanly along the ramp line, while your legs turn under you to provide resistance and control. This type of turn is sometimes called cross knee play, as it feels like you are swinging your knees from side to side underneath you.

Start by preparing for the turn on parallel skis, and at the end of each turn, let the skis slide off before setting on the edge. You must catch a simple rhythm: edge and stick, up (unload) and turn; edging and prick with a stick, up (unloading) and turning. As you get into the rhythm, speed up turns by edging more and unloading earlier.

Adviсe

Vary the edge strength depending on the type of slope: a steep slope requires a strong edge, a gentle slope requires less and allows you to move more smoothly.
When unloading, keep your body weight forward and slightly up, especially on steep slopes. This will help you avoid going into a back stance from which it is very difficult to complete the turn.
Rhythm is everything.