The transfer zone of the baton is. Relay race teaching methodology

History of the relay race

Relay race- a name borrowed from Italian, where the word " staffa"means" stirrup. It is easy to understand that in the old days, in order to fast way to deliver reports, the messengers had to change horses, jumping from "stirrup to stirrup" - this made it possible to maintain the maximum speed of movement.

relay race as an athletics competition began to be cultivated in the 19th century. For the first time, the relay race was included in the program of the Games of the IV Olympiad (London, 1908). In these competitions, the relay race included various distances- 200 + 200 + 400 + 800 m. At the next Olympic Games (Stockholm, 1912), athletes competed for medals in two classic relay races - 4x100 and 4x400 m. The winners were, respectively, the teams of Great Britain (42.4 s) and the USA (3.16.6 s). In the future, gold medals in the relay race at the Olympic Games were usually won by American athletes. Soviet runners also performed successfully in the relay. At the 1952, 1956, 1960 and 1972 Olympic Games. they were silver medalists in the 4x100m relay, at the Moscow Olympics (1980) they won both relays, and in Seoul (1988) they became champions in the 4x100m relay. IN last years traditions are lost, and our athletes do not achieve significant victories.

The 4x100m relay race for women was first held at the 1928 Olympic Games, and the 4x400m relay race has been included in the programs of the largest competitions since 1969. Our runners in the 4x100m relay race have repeatedly become prize-winners of the world championships and the Olympic Games. In 1993, the Russian national team won first place at the World Championships in Stuttgart (Germany), and at the Olympic Games in Beijing (2008), our girls sensationally won gold medals (42.31 s).

Our athletes perform even more successfully in the 4x400 m relay, which was first held at the 1972 Olympics. Soviet athletes won this relay distance at the 1980 and 1988 Games. and the 1991 World Championships, while Russian runners won the 1999 and 2005 World Championships. The world record set by our athletes at this distance (3:15.17 s, Seoul) has been unsurpassed for more than 25 years.

At the Olympic Games in London (2012) in the men's 4x100 m relay, a team of runners from Jamaica won with a new world record (36.84 s). In the men's and women's 4x400m relay, the USA were the first. Our women's team became the second, and the men's - the fifth.

relay race technique

Relay race technique: A - holding baton at the start; B - starting positions of runners taking over; B - the moment of passing the baton; D - transfer of the baton: 1) reception of the baton "top-down"; 2) receiving the relay "bottom-up"

The relay race is a team sport, in which each participant runs through the stage allotted to him, and the result and place of the team are determined by the time shown by all participants. In the relay race, victory in the competition depends on the ability of each of the team members to combine high running speed and passing the baton with the least amount of time. Classic relay races - 4x100m and 4x400m - are held on a treadmill for both men and women. At these distances are played Olympic medals and record world records. Along with the relay race along the track of the stadium, relay competitions are held along the streets of the city with stages of different lengths.

The most difficult technique is the transfer of the baton in the 4x100 m relay race, where athletes run along their lanes at maximum speed. Since all team members, except for the first one, start running their stages from the move, and the distance between the runners during the transfer is 1-1.3 m (due to the length of the runner’s hand pulled back, receiving the stick, and the length of the hand stretched forward passing it) , then the result of the team is better than the sum of the personal results of the team members in the 100 m run from the start. The greater this difference, the higher the transmission technique. The transfer of the baton when running to other distances is not difficult, because. taken at low speed or even from a standstill.

A 20-meter zone (transfer zone) has been established for the transfer of the baton. The receiver of the relay has the right to start the run-up 10 m before the start of this zone (acceleration zone), which allows to achieve a higher speed. There are two options for carrying a wand: a) with shifting- in this case, the participants at all stages pass the stick from right hand to the left, and while running at the stage, they immediately shift it from one hand to the other; b) without shifting- when the runner carries and passes the baton with the hand in which he received the stick. The most perfect and effective in the 4 x 100 m relay is the following way of carrying the baton: the athlete running in the first stage holds the baton in his right hand and passes it to the second runner in his left hand; the second runner passes to the third from the left to the right, and, finally, the third - to the fourth again from the right to the left. Thus, on a bend (stages 1 and 3) it is more expedient for an athlete to run closer to the inside and carry a baton in his right hand, and in a straight line (stages 2 and 4) to hold a baton in his left hand and, when running in the transfer zone, adhere to the outer edge of the track, to give space to the runner closer to the curb to the passer.

Regardless of the baton carrying option, there are two ways to pass the baton: a) “top-down”, when the surface of the receiving palm is directed upwards; b) “bottom-up”, when the index finger of the receiving hand is pointing down. The first way is faster, but less reliable. It allows you to immediately grab the stick by the edge and not move it while running, but it is easy to lose the stick during the transfer process. The second way of transfer allows you to securely take the stick by the middle, but towards the end of the stage it becomes necessary to move the stick a little forward with your fingers for a better subsequent transfer.

Thus, in the training of novice athletes, where the factors of simplicity and reliability of the handover are most important, the bottom-up handover method should be practiced. In addition, this passing technique is more natural, since the movement of the hand from the bottom up does not disturb the running rhythm.

To pass the baton in the handover zone to top speed, it is important to accurately, even during the course, calculate the moment the receiver starts running, i.e. find the distance (handicap) that the receiver will allow the transmitter to approach him before starting the starting acceleration. This distance is selected for each pair of runners of adjacent stages through multiple runs and, depending on the ratio of the speed of the receiving and transmitting, it can be from 6 to 11 m, for which a clearly visible control mark is made on the track.

The participant of the first stage starts running from a low start and holds a stick in his right hand, squeezing it with two or three fingers. The runners of the rest of the stages stand at the beginning of the acceleration zone in a high start position with support on the arm, while the head and torso turn to the side so that the control mark for the start of the run is clearly visible.

When the relayer steps on the control mark, the receiver immediately begins the starting acceleration along the corresponding side of his track, trying to develop the highest possible speed. The distance to the mark should be such that the sender can catch up with the receiver exactly at the place of the intended transfer of the stick, 3-4 m before the end of the transfer zone. As soon as the runner approaches the receiver at arm's length, he gives the command: "Hop!" On this command, the receiver, without looking back, without slowing down and without disturbing the rhythm of the run, quickly pulls his hand back with an open palm and a thumb extended towards the thigh. The sender must, having seen the outstretched hand of the partner and taking a running step, try to accurately put the baton in his palm. In addition, the athlete, having passed the stick, must continue to run along his lane and, according to the rules of the competition, leave it only when all teams have completed the transfer of the stick.

A mistake often encountered by the receiver is the search for a stick with his hand. At the command of the sender, you should stretch your hand back and hold it clearly, without any movement.

Coherence in the transfer of the stick at maximum speed plays a decisive role in achieving high sports results in relay race. Therefore, with targeted training of sprinters in this discipline athletics the most important place is given to the improvement techniques in a limited transmission area, ensuring the reliability of performances.

With an ideal transfer, the relay race participants run in step with the same speed, without disturbing the rhythm of hand movements, i.e. without taking a single step with outstretched arms. When passing, the receiver must clearly fix his hand behind the body, and the receiver must accurately put the baton into the open palm of the receiver.

To determine the technical skills of athletes, both in the performance of individual passes, and in the relay race as a whole, there is an evaluation criterion that is inherent only to this type of running program. Most experts agree on two ways of assessing technical skill.

First way is characterized by the fact that the result shown in the 4x100 m run is subtracted from the sum of the 100 m run time of all participants in the relay team at these competitions. Most experts agree that when efficient technique transmission, the result in the relay race can be 2.50-2.70 seconds better than the sum of the results in the 100 m run shown by each of the relay participants.

Second way Evaluation of technical skill in the relay race involves taking into account the time spent by the relay baton in the 20-meter zone, which shows the effectiveness of the interaction of runners during the transfer. The criterion for high marks here is the time when the stick was from the beginning of its "entry" with the runner passing the baton to the "exit" with the receiver, equal to 1.80-1.90 s for men and 1.90-2.00 s for women.

It is known that in the 30-meter run-up and relay zone, not a single runner can develop his maximum speed. It is achieved at more distant marks - 40-50 and even 60-70 m. In addition, the speed of the runner passing the baton decreases markedly by the end of the distance. And this ratio of speeds should be taken into account in the first place when selecting a pair of athletes at adjacent stages. In addition, taking into account the run-up (10 m) and transfer (20 m) zones, athletes run as much as possible at the first stage 110, at the second and third - 130, at the fourth - 120 m. features (motor reaction time, the ability to maximize acceleration, the level of maximum speed, special endurance, the ability to run around a turn, etc.).

The sequence of problem solving when teaching the technique of relay running and their methodological orientation

Task 1. To acquaint with the relay race and create an idea for those involved in the technique of passing the baton

Task 2. Teach the technique of passing and receiving a baton in place and at low speed

Applied means	Guidelines
a) Transfer of the baton with the right and left hands on the spot at the signal of the teacher	Build a group in two lines (the distance between the lines is 1.5 m). The person passing the baton is shifted half a step in the opposite direction from the hand holding the baton. At the command of the teacher, students change roles, turning around
b) The same, but at the signal of the transmitter	Perform in pairs, change after each pass (the transmitter comes forward). Make sure that the receiver does not turn his head to control the position of the hand and does not move it during the transfer
c) The same, with a preliminary imitation of hand movements when running	Hand movements are performed freely with a large amplitude, the transfer is made at the command of the transmitter. Then make sure that the removal of the hand with the relay is carried out after the “Hop!” command, and not simultaneously
d) Transfer of the stick in walking and slow running at the signal of the teacher	Perform in pairs, change after each execution (the transmitter overtakes the receiver). Pay attention to the fact that the transmitter is shifted to the side in relation to the receiver
e) Transfer of the stick in a slow run in a column one at a time at the signal of the transmitter	The latter overtakes the column and becomes the guide. Pay attention to the movement in step and maintaining the distance between those involved

Task 3. Teach the technique of starting the runner who takes the baton

Applied means	Guidelines
a) A story about the technique of starting with one hand and its demonstration	Use posters, photographs, filmstrip, video demonstration. Pay attention to the head position of the starter
b) Start from a position with support on one hand on a straight line	The starters, turning their heads back, follow the teacher, who, being at a distance of 7-10 m behind the starters, gives a signal to start running with a flag
c) The same, at the turn before entering the straight and at the entrance to the turn	The starters take their starting position closer to the outer edge of the track. Pay attention to the rapid increase in speed, the work of the hands and the position of the torso
d) Start on a separate track at the moment the transmitting control mark is reached	Perform in pairs, do not run in full force without looking back

Task 4. Teach how to pass the baton at maximum speed

Applied means	Guidelines
a) Determination of the distance from the beginning of the transfer zone to the control mark when running in "ligaments" in pairs at different speeds	This distance for each pair is individual and is specified by multiple runs.
b) Passing the baton at maximum speed without taking into account the transfer zone	Pay attention to the coincidence of the speeds of partners, consistency in transmission and reception
c) Passing the baton at maximum speed, taking into account the transfer zone	Make an individual correction depending on the place of transfer of the wand. Try to pass the baton 3-4 m before the end of the transfer zone without slowing down
d) Passing the baton at maximum speed, taking into account the transfer zone and the degree of fatigue of the transfer	The transmitter runs his stage completely, and the receiver, after receiving the relay, runs at least 30-40 m at full strength

Task 5. Teach relay running technique in general

Applied means	Guidelines
a) Arrangement of runners in the stages of the relay race 4 x 100 m, taking into account their individual qualities	When compiling a team, it should be taken into account that the maximum runner at the first stage runs 110 m, at the second and third - 130 m and at the fourth -120 m. At stage I, a runner who has a good command of the low start technique and knows how to quickly run around the turn should be put on II and III - the most enduring, and the last - the fastest in running 100 meters on the move
b) Transfer of the baton by each pair of runners at maximum speed in their zone	The time of “staying” of the stick in the transfer zone is fixed
c) Refinement of the distance to the control mark, taking into account external conditions	Make adjustments to the location of the control mark depending on the state of the track, headwind and tailwind
d) Team run "for the result"	Pay attention to the timing of the baton passing at the end of the passing zone.

Requirements for the technique of performing track and field events (propulsion systems)

Be able to properly hold and pass (from below and above) the baton in place and in motion.

To be able to perform a start with support on one hand and starting acceleration when entering a turn and exiting a straight line.
Be able to pass the baton in the last third of the 20-meter zone accurately and consistently at maximum running speed (without turning the head at the time of the transfer).
To be able to determine the control mark, and the receiver to start running at the moment the transmitter reaches the control mark. The transfer of the baton must occur without loss of speed.

Exercises for self-mastery of rational technique

Standing at a distance of 1.5 m from one another (the right hand of the sender is opposite the left of the receiver), passing the baton from below and from above without a command.
The same, but the movement of the hands as when running. The stick is passed at the command of the athlete standing behind from the right hand to the left, then from the left to the right. The pace gradually increases.
Passing and receiving a baton while walking and in slow running. Pay attention to moving in step and keeping the distance between athletes.
Start from a position with support on one hand on a straight line, the same before entering a straight line and entering a turn. Starts at the moment when the passer reaches the control mark.
Passing and receiving a relay baton while running at maximum speed, the same in the transfer zone. The receiver, after receiving the relay, runs at least 30-40 m at full strength.
Clarification of the distance from the beginning of the transfer zone to the control mark when running in "ligaments" in pairs at different speeds.
Passing and receiving a relay baton at one of the stages of the relay race according to all the rules at maximum speed. The same for the rest of the steps.

Common mistakes that occur when teaching track and field exercises and how to correct them

Mistakes	Remedy
1. Having heard the command, the receiver turns his head to control the reception of the baton	Look only forward, imitate the movements of a friend under control
2. The transmitter runs with a stick in his outstretched hand	Extend your hand only after there is a conviction that the receiver is ready to take over. Give the "Hop" command when approaching 1-1.3 m
3. The receiver of the baton does not fix the hand lowered for receiving, and the transmitter inaccurately puts the stick in the partner’s hand	Fix your hand in shoulder joint. Improve visual control of the handover. Simulate a pass in place or at a slow pace
4. During the transfer, the athlete ran into another lane	Conduct more workouts in the conditions of the stadium, according to the standard markings of the "corridor"
5. By the time the baton is passed, the trainees are running out of step	Refine the control mark, do a few runs in pairs without a baton

One of final stages track and field competitions is relay race. This breathtaking spectacle gathers hundreds of excited fans in the stands, and coaching staff going through a lot of exciting emotions. Relay racing has a long history. In addition, this competition has a number of rules, stages and features of the conduct.

The first relay race competitions were held in the 19th century.. Deserving great interest of the audience and becoming massively popular, this sport was soon included in the program of the 1908 Olympic Games. Then the so-called exotic look relay races - Swedish style of running.

It consisted of overcoming distances by runners at irregular intervals: 100-200-400-800 m. As a rule, people who mastered a wide range of running disciplines, from ultra-short to medium, took part in the competition.
Later, sprint distances began to gain great popularity and gain wide sympathy among visiting guests.

A discipline with parameters of 4 * 100 m became the most popular in those days, and soon took first place in the Olympiad program. Then a long sprint competition was added to this distance - 4 * 400 m, and the exotic Swedish relay lost its status and left the Olympic competition program.

Relay competition rules.

The relay race rules are very similar to the smooth sprint rules. Key moment in this sport, passing the baton.

It must be awarded within a special corridor 20 m long for the 4*100 m relay.

Rules

At the beginning of the corridor, the athlete begins to accelerate, but already at the exit he should have the coveted pass in his hands. If an athlete receives outside the corridor, this action does not count.
In the course of movement along the corridor, athletes should not interfere with other participants in the competition. At the same time, if the process of transferring the stick is violated, for example, as a result of its fall, then the participants do not bear any responsibility for this.

Although the loss of a stick is a gross violation of the rules, some athletes still pick it up. According to statistics, judges often do not count the victory of such participants. But in sports such a plan, this maneuver is not prohibited.

Types and distances

To the programs of the largest athletics competitions: Olympic Games, world and continental championships, two main types of relay distances are included:

4*100 m.
4*400 m.

Due to the tight schedule and the incredible fatigue of the runners, other types of relay distances are excluded from the mandatory program.

But the world athletics federation recorded records in the disciplines of 4*200 m, 4*800 m and 4*1500 m.

Professional athletes in hurdling they overcome the 4 * 110 m hurdles relay, but this competitive competition is not so popular among professionals in their field and is used only in the program of major tournaments.
To date, the most popular mixed species relay race. Both men and women compete in this discipline at the same time.

Reference Information! The popularity of this type touched the rows and athletics, where more and more often began to be held mixed relays 4*100 m. and 4*400 m.

Stages

There are four stages of the relay race:

Starting. The athlete starts from a low start. At the same time, he holds a baton in his right hand, squeezing its end with two or three fingers. The index and thumb rest on the ground of the outlined starting line.
Basic. The complexity of this stage lies in the strict observance of the rule of passing the baton within the allotted corridor at the maximum speed of one's run.
Transfer. In the third stage, the athlete must take over the baton with his right hand and run as close as possible to the right edge of the track.
Final. The runner must run on the outside of the marked trajectory and take the baton with his left hand.

Peculiarities

Relay race in athletics is very popular and attractive for its dynamism. , therefore, according to custom, it is postponed until the last days of the competition. The prestige of this competitive relay race also lies in the fact that as a result the team of the strongest runners in one or another distance is revealed.

Features of the relay race are that trainers allow their trainees a convenient variant of the stick passing technique.

The athlete has the right, at his discretion, to choose the serve from the hand that is more acceptable to him in this moment.

In this case, the wand can remain in the hand in which it was passed. But this is convenient, as a rule, at short running distances, and is explained by the loss of time when changing receiving and serving hands.

Important! start of acceleration - important point in this sport. The athlete needs to clearly work out the technique of starting his run in order to achieve the highest results and score the maximum number of jury points.

The speed of passing the baton is also a very important and highly skillful process. In order for the transfer of the baton to pass without failures, it is necessary to maintain the same speed regime for the passing runners, especially this speed must be equivalent in the corridor.
Coaches must always observe the following points:

for competitions, choose the strongest and most enduring athletes in this type of distance;
organize clear coordination of all participants;
to develop in athletes the ideal technique for passing the stick;
to inspire team spirit of all participants;
monitor the well-being of everyone and take the necessary measures to improve the health of the runner.

Errors and their elimination

While running receiving-transmitting athletes have a number of errors that need to be eliminated:

Attention! Thanks to these skills, fixing the correctness of maneuvers is quite strong in memory, and the athlete shows impeccable results. It is these runners who achieve success and take first place in competitions.

For athletes, relay races are in some cases the decisive sport in their future careers.. This is due to the fact that the clarity of maneuvering in this type of variety and the impeccable implementation of the rules makes them excellent professionals in their field in the eyes of the judges.

For achievement highest results runners train hard. Spectators this sport delivers a lot positive emotions and is remembered for a long time.

relay race is a team sport of athletics. There are the following types of relay races: a) on the treadmill; b) roundabouts around the city (start and finish in one place); c) star in the city (start in different places, finish in one place for all teams).

According to the composition of the relay race participants there are: children's, youth, men's, women's, mixed and combined. Classic relay races - 4 x 100 and 4 x 400 m - are held on the treadmill for both men and women. In addition, there are relay races for any distance and with any number of stages (for example, 10 x 1000 m), as well as "Swedish" relay races: 800 + 400 + 200 + 100 (or in reverse order).

Baton is a single smooth hollow tube, round in cross section, made of wood, metal or other solid material. According to the rules of the competition, the relay baton must have a weight of at least 50 g, a length of 28-30 cm and a circumference of 12-13 cm. Its transfer is carried out only in a zone equal to 20 m (10 m in each direction from the beginning of the stage) ; at the same time, any assistance from one runner to another (pushing, etc.) is prohibited. An athlete who has completed a stage may leave the track only if he is convinced that he will not interfere with the rest of the runners. If you lose your stick while running, you can pick it up and continue running further. If the baton is lost during transmission, only the transmitting runner can pick it up.

The most difficult of all types is the 4 x 100 m relay, since the transfer of the baton in it occurs at maximum speed. The rules of the competition allow the athlete receiving the relay to start running 10 m before the transfer zone. This allows the runner to reach top speed earlier and pass in the middle of the zone, with less risk of breaking the rules. Therefore, at each stage, the athlete begins to accelerate at the moment when the transmitting one reaches the control mark, located approximately 7-8 m from the starting point of the receiving runner. In order to make such a pass, both the transmitting and receiving runners must have the same speed in the pass zone and make it at the moment when they are 1.5 m apart from each other. Taking into account the run-up and baton transfer zones, athletes run 110 m in the first stage, 130 m in the second, 130 m in the third, and 120 m in the fourth.

There are two ways to pass the baton: from bottom to top (Fig. 2.10, A) and from top to bottom (Fig. 2.10, b). In the first method, the runner receiving the baton takes his hand (opposite the hand of the passing runner) back a little to the side, thumb bends away from the palm, four fingers are closed, the plane of the palm looks down and back. The passing runner inserts the baton in an upward motion between the thumb and palm. Feeling the touch of the baton, the receiving runner grabs it by squeezing the hand. In the second method, the hand is also retracted back a little to the side and slightly higher, while the palm looks up. The passing runner inserts the baton in an up-and-down motion, lowering it into the palm of his hand. When the stick comes into contact with the palm, the receiving runner grabs it by squeezing the brush.

Rice. 2.10.

Relay race can be carried out:

1) without changing the baton;
2) with the relay baton.

Usually, the first method is used in short relay races, where the transmission takes place at high speeds, the second method is used in all other relay races.

Consider the technique of the 4x100m relay race. At the nerve stage, the runner starts from a low start into a turn. The baton is held with three fingers of the right hand, and the index and thumb fingers are straightened and rest on the track at the starting line (Fig. 2.11). In order for the runner of the first stage to run at the edge of the track, he must always hold the stick in his right hand, and pass it to the partner’s left hand. When the passing runner reaches the benchmark, the receiving runner begins the starting run. In the passing zone, runners should run without interfering with each other, preferably along the edges of the treadmill, depending on the passing hand. Running into the transfer zone, both runners approach, the first catches up with the second, the passing runner in two running steps must give a short voice command so that the receiving runner straightens and moves his arm back to pass the baton. After the transfer is completed, the runner who has accepted the baton continues to run quickly along his stage, and the runner who has passed the baton, gradually slowing down the run, stops, but does not go beyond the side boundaries of his track. Only after passing the transfer zone by other teams does he leave the track.

Rice. 2.11.

The runner of the second stage (Fig. 2.12) carries the baton in his left hand and passes to the runner of the third stage in his right hand. At the third stage, the runner runs along the turn, as close as possible to the curb, and passes the baton to the fourth team member from the right hand to the left. This baton handover procedure is the most perfect and is used by all the strongest teams. The transfer of the baton is carried out by the methods described above.

Rice. 2.12.

In other types of relay races, the transfer is always carried out from the left hand to the right. The athlete who has accepted the stick immediately shifts it to his left hand. In the 4 x 400m relay and all other relay races, no additional run-up is given and the competitors must start from within the 20m corridor. The actions of the runner receiving the stick depend on how fast his teammate completes his stage. If this speed is known in advance, use the reference mark. In the event that a group of runners approaches the place of transfer, and their speed increases or decreases, one should start running, depending on the situation, avoiding bumping the passing runner or excluding the premature start of the run. The runners of the second stage in the 4 x 400 m relay make the transition to the common track after they have crossed the line of the first turn. Runners of the third and fourth stages must be placed under the direction of the judge in the order that their team members take after running 200 m. After running this mark, it is not allowed to change the position of the athletes in the transfer zone.

With a rational passing technique, the runner who receives the baton must run and receive the baton without looking back, while maintaining high speed. Usually, the runner who takes over the relay starts either from a high or a low start, relying on one hand. At a high start, the runner turns his head slightly back to see the reference mark and the runner running up to it. When starting with support on one arm, the runner looks back over the shoulder of the non-supporting hand or, with his head down, looks back with his non-supporting hand. A very important element of technique at the moment of passing is running in the same rhythm, i.e. you have to run in step. It is also important to find the optimal "handicap" to start running, i.e. start running at such a length of the “handicap” when the speeds of the transmitting and receiving coincide in the middle of the transfer zone. The distance between the runners at the time of the transfer is equal to the length of the hand of the runner taking the baton laid back, and the length of the runner's hand straightened forward, passing the baton. This distance can be slightly increased by leaning forward when passing the passing runner (Fig. 2.13). Such a distance can only be maintained with a rational technique for passing the baton at an appropriate running speed. If the distance is reduced, then it is possible for the transmitting runner to overtake the receiving one, and, conversely, if the distance between the runners increases, the transfer may not take place or will be performed outside the corridor.

The most important factors in the performance of the relay team are:

indicators individual results athletes at the respective distances;
reliability of the baton transmission;
coordination of actions of team partners;
the integrity of a single team.

Rice. 2.13.

When compiling a team, they usually try to arrange the athletes in the following way: the weakest runner - at the first stage, the next in strength - at the second, etc. However, there are a number of circumstances that impose this rule. In the 4 x 100 m relay, it must be taken into account that individual athletes run much worse in a turn than in a straight line. The ability to quickly start, clearly receive and pass the stick can also change the place of the participant in the team. In the 4 x 100 m relay and at longer distances, it is often necessary to take into account the tactical plans of the opponents and, depending on this, distribute the participants into stages.

Relay running technique training

The main objectives of training:

introduce the technique of relay race;
teach technique:
- - passing the baton on the spot and while walking,
- - passing the baton in slow running,
- - start of the runner taking the relay;
teach how to pass the baton at maximum speed in a 20-meter zone;
to improve the relay race technique in pairs, the entire relay race as a whole.

Relay race: technique, tactics, training

Relay race 4 ? 100 and 4? 200 m is carried out on separate lanes, and 4? 400 m - along a common path. The first stage or part of it, in accordance with the regulations and rules, can be run along separate tracks.

relay race technique short distances

At the first stage, the run begins with a low start. The runner holds the baton in his right hand, squeezing its end with three or two fingers, and leans on the ground at the starting line with the thumb and forefinger (Fig. 2.12).

Rice. 2.12. Holding the baton at a low start

Running from the start and over the distance does not differ from the usual 100 and 200 m sprints. The difficulty lies in passing the baton at high speed in a limited area. A 20-meter zone has been established for the transfer of the baton. It starts 10m before the end of one leg and continues 10m ahead of the start of another. The receiver of the relay has the right to start the run-up 10 m before the start of the transfer zone. This allows you to achieve greater speed.

There are two ways to pass the baton.

Passing the baton in running 4 ? 100 m is held as follows. The starter at the first stage holds a stick in his right hand and runs as close to the curb as possible. The second runner waiting for him stands closer to the outer edge of his track and takes over the baton with his left hand. He runs straight (second 100 m) on the right side of the track and passes the baton with his left hand to the right hand of the third participant running on the left side of the track. The fourth runs along the right side of the track and takes the baton with his left hand.

Another way of passing (with the runner shifting the accepted stick from one hand to the other) in the 4? 100m is less effective.

Athletes running in the second, third and fourth stages use the run-up (10 m) and passing (20 m) zones to receive the relay at maximum speed and run their stage on the move. To do this, the runner taking the relay takes a pose close to the pose of a low start. Standing with his right foot at the line indicating the start of the run, he puts his left foot forward, leans with his right hand on the track, and takes his left up and back. In this position, the athlete looks back under the left shoulder at the approaching runner (Fig. 2.13). He runs up to the transfer zone with maximum speed. When he is 9–11 m away from the run-up zone, the runner of the second stage quickly starts running along the right edge of his lane, trying to develop as much speed as possible so that the runner catching up with him can pass the baton 2–3 m before the end of the zone.

Rice. 2.13. The position of the runners taking over the relay at the start

The distance between the athletes during the transfer (1-1.3 m) is equal to the length of the runner's hand laid back, receiving the baton, and the length of the runner's hand extended forward, passing it. The distance can be increased by tilting the torso of the runner passing the baton (Fig. 2.14).

The speed of runners in the sprint relay stages must be maximum, it cannot be reduced in the transfer zones. An indicator characterizing the effectiveness of the technique can be the time for a runner with a relay baton to pass the 20-meter transfer zone. Highly qualified male sprinters cover this distance in 2 seconds or less, women in 2.2 seconds or less. Therefore, the starting runner must almost completely use the 30-meter distance in order to gain the most speed. It is best if the speed of the athletes at the time of the transfer of the relay is the same.

Rice. 2.14. The distance between the runners at the moment of passing the baton

Until the moment of passing the baton, both runners have their arms moving as in a sprint. But as soon as the runner approaches the receiver of the relay at a distance necessary for the transfer, he gives the signal “hop”. On this signal, the second athlete, without slowing down the pace and without disturbing the rhythm of the run, straightens the left (for runners of the second and fourth stages) hand with the hand down (the retracted thumb forms an angle open downwards with the rest of the fingers). At this moment, the runner passing the baton quickly extends his right hand and, with a precise movement from the bottom to the front, and slightly upwards, puts the stick in the palm of the receiver.

It is even better if the receiver of the relay throws his hand back not at the “hop” signal, but at the moment when he reaches the mark set during the training. Of course, this method requires good coordination in the actions of the runners.

For an accurate transfer of the baton, it is important to determine the moment of the start of the host’s run during the course of the lesson. To do this, a mark is made at some distance in front of the runway line. At the moment when the athlete passing the baton reaches this mark, the receiver quickly starts running along the right edge of his track, trying to develop as much speed as possible.

The distance to the mark should be such that the runner with the baton catches up with the receiver exactly at the place intended for the transfer (4–5 m before the end of the zone). In the process of training and on estimates, the mark is specified.

By the time of the transfer, it is important to run in step. To do this, a well-trained 100m runner achieves such a uniformity of all steps that he almost always runs into the zone in the same place, with the same foot. To make sure that the actions are coordinated, both athletes should run the entire stage and zone 2-3 times. If the steps do not match, then the receiver of the relay needs to adapt to the steps of the other runner.

In relay races, where the ratio of the running speed of the receiving and passing runners is somewhat different (for example, 4 × 200 and 4 × 400 m), appropriate corrections should be made.

In estimates and competitions in running for 200 and 400 meters, you need to determine the speed of running in the last 10 meters and, based on this, make calculations. Naturally, the slower the runner finishes his race, the shorter the distance from the control mark to the beginning of the transition zone should be.

Relay running technique training

It makes sense to teach the technique of relay running after the technique of sprinting has been mastered. The main task is to teach athletes to clearly pass and receive the baton at high running speed.

Familiarization with the technique of relay running

1. Information is given about the types of relay races.

2. The technique of passing the baton in the 20-meter zone at maximum speed is explained and shown.

3. Video recordings of the transfer of the relay by the strongest runners are shown. 4. The importance of calculation and accuracy of movements in passing the baton is explained.

Learning how to pass the baton

1. By explaining and demonstrating, it is necessary to create an idea of how the baton is passed from below.

2. Transfer of the baton with the right and left hand, standing still, without preliminary imitation and with preliminary imitation of hand movements when running.

3. Transfer of the baton at the signal of the teacher when moving in steps.

4. The same according to the signal of the transmitter.

5. Transfer of the baton at the signal of the transmitter when moving slowly and then quickly running. The benchmark is set by the coach.

6. Transfer of the baton when fast run on a separate track.

The baton passing exercises on the spot are performed in pairs, in two lines and in a circle. The transmitter is located with a ledge in the opposite direction from the hand holding the baton.

They also practice passing the baton when moving in steps and slow running.

Teaching the start of the runner taking over the baton

1. Start on a straight line from a position with support on one hand.

2. Start on a separate track at a turn (when entering a straight line) with support on one hand.

3. Start on a separate track on a straight line (when entering a turn).

4. Determining the distance from the start of the run to the control mark. 5. Start on a separate track at the moment the transmitting mark reaches the control mark.

When learning to start on the lane in the zone, you need to ensure that the receiver runs at the outer line of the track in the second and fourth stages and at the inner line in the third.

It is necessary to proceed to the study of the start, coordinated with the passer's run, only after a stable start and run along the back side of the track has been developed.

Learning to pass the baton at maximum speed in a 20-meter zone

1. Transfer of the baton at maximum speed in a 20-meter zone (individual control marks are set for the team by stages).

2. Team relay race for a full distance with the participation of two or more teams.

Handover technique is learned and improved by running at 1/2-3/4 intensity and at maximum speed at the end of the warm-up or shortly after.

Basically, the relay technique is improved by pairs (ligaments), which train in their place, that is, at the beginning or at the end of the turn. First, pairs of runners of the first-second and third-fourth stages are engaged. After that, the second runner perfects the pass with the third. And finally, all four together. Of course, this sequence in connection with the tasks may change. It is very important that the runner who passed the baton leaves his lane only when he slows down, and the participants of other teams who have accepted the baton run ahead.

relay race tactics

When composing a team, the relay participants are arranged in stages, taking into account the following circumstances. Due to the fact that the runner starting in the zone always runs slower at the time of the transfer than the athlete catching up with him, it is advisable to put the weakest runner on the first stage, the second runner on the next, etc. This will allow passing the baton with a better ratio of speed both runners. At the same time, it is also taken into account that some sprinters can and love to run from the start, while others have worst results in this type of running, but successfully participate in the relay race. We must not forget those who run well around the turn and the finish line. After all the candidates for the team have been studied in detail, it remains to distribute them by stages and start training.

Short distance relay training- First of all, sprint training and improving the technique of passing the baton. The main conditions for this are the constancy of the composition of the relay team and long-term practice. Team training is included as an organic part of the sprint training. It should not greatly increase the load of athletes. For example, during training session athletes have to run 100 m several times. Instead, it is better to run a 4 ? 100 m. Running with accelerations, on the move and estimates can end with the transfer of the baton. Accelerations can be started along with the reception of the relay.

The improvement of relay technique when running at maximum intensity, as well as estimates, should be carried out as part of a sprint training in the middle or even at the end of classes, before their final part. It is especially important to run the entire distance of the relay more often: only in this case the familiarity of movements and the accurate calculation of control marks are achieved.

Before the competition, at the end of the warm-up, you need to pass the baton in bundles. It is very important at the same time to establish, if required, corrections to the distance to the control marks. This is necessary mainly with the wind - oncoming, tailwind.

In the process of training and competition, the permanent composition of the relay team can achieve very high accuracy in the execution of all movements. On the contrary, a poor passing of the baton reduces the chances of winning, and the loss of the baton or violation of the passing corridor leads to the disqualification of the team.

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Lesson topic: Relay run. Transfer of the baton.

The purpose of the lesson: Teach relay running and passing the baton

Lesson objectives:

1) Educational:

Teaching the technique of relay running and passing the baton;

2) Educational:

Cultivate interest in activities physical education and sports;

3) Wellness:

- Development speed abilities involved.

Location: sports ground CHPK №1

Equipment: whistle, stopwatch, cones, baton

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PLAN-SUMMARY

LESSON ON PHYSICAL EDUCATION

for 1st year students

Representatives: Vildanova Milana,

Batyus Tatiana (group 49)

Methodist: Melikhov Vasily Alexandrovich

Lesson topic: Relay run. Transfer of the baton.

The purpose of the lesson: Teach relay running and passing the baton

Lesson objectives:

1) Educational:

Teaching the technique of relay running and passing the baton;

2) Educational:

To instill interest in physical culture and sports;

3) Wellness:

- The development of speed abilities involved.

Location:sports ground CHPK №1

Equipment: whistle, stopwatch, cones, baton

The date of the: 02.10.2018

DURING THE CLASSES

No. p / p		Dosage	WMD
Preparatory part (20 minutes)
	Construction. Greetings.	1 min	“Group, stand in one line!” "Equal!" "Attention!" "Hello!" "At ease!" “My name is Milana Dzhamilievna!” The theme of our lesson: Relay race. Transfer of the baton.
	Posture exercises:	3 min	"Right! One, Two!" “Bypassing to the left step, march!” Distance 2 steps.
	"Hands up, on your toes, march!"	1 time	The back is straight, look forward, palms look at each other.
	"Hands behind your head, on your heels, march!"	1 time
	“Hands on the belt, roll from heel to toe, march!”	1 time	Back straight, look forward.
	“Hands on the belt, in a semi-squat, march!”	1 time	Back straight, look forward.
	"Hands on the belt, in a full squat, march!"	1 time	Back straight, look forward.
			"Without a task!"
	Run.	3 laps 5 minutes	Tell the students that after running around the stadium we are going to the teacher inside the cones. “Run around the stadium 3 laps, march!” pace is average. Students return to the cones and continue to walk, if necessary, say: "Step, march!"
	Gymnastics Strelnikova. Breathing exercise: 1) Palms	3 rep.	Now we will restore breathing according to Strelnikova's gymnastics: Palms away from you, at head level. Rhythmic clenching and unclenching of fingers, with sharp breaths. 8 repetitions with breaks of 4-5 seconds. “The guide is in place!”, “Left, left! One, two, three!”, “Stop! One, two!", "To the left - one, two!". "Group, on 1,2,3, pay off!", "1 - in place, 2 - three steps, 3 - six steps forward, step, march!"
	OSD in place:	6 min
	1) Turning the head 1 - head turns to the right; 2 - I.p.; 3 - turn left; 4 - I.p.	8 rep.
	2) Head tilts I.p. - Same 1 - forward; 2 - to the left; 3 - to the right; 4 - forward	8 rep.	The movements are not sharp, the back is straight.
	3) Jerks with hands I.p. - leg stance apart, right up, left down 1 - 2 - left up, right down; 3 - 4 - right up, left down.	8 rep.	The back is straight. Hands are straight. Look ahead.
	4) I.p. - stand with legs apart, hands in front of the chest 1 - turn left; 2 - I.p.; 3 - the same to the right; 4 - I.p.	8 rep.	The back is straight. Look ahead. When turning the body, the arms are spread apart.
	5) Opposite circular rotations with hands 10 times - right forward, left back; 10 times - left forward, right back.	20 rep.	Do not bend your arms at the elbows. Look ahead. The range of motion is full.
	6) Torso twists I.p. - stand legs apart, hands on the belt 1 - to the left; 2 - I.p.; 3 - right; 4 - I.p.	8 rep.	Keep your back straight. Look ahead.
	7) Lateral torso 1 - to the left; 2 - I.p.; 3 - to the right; 4 - I.p.	8 rep.	The back is straight. Look ahead. When tilting, extend the opposite arm above your head.
	8) I.p. - stand legs apart, hands on the belt 1 - tilt to the right; 2 - towards the middle; 3 - to the left; 4 - I.p.	8 rep.	The back is straight. When tilting, stretch your arms to the bottom, legs straight.
	9) I.p. - stand with legs apart, hands in front of the chest 1 - 2 - lunge with a turn of the body to the right; 3 - 4 - the same to the left	8 rep.	The back is straight. Look ahead.
	10) Leg swing I.p. - stand legs apart, arms forward 1 - right to left; 2 - I.p.; 3 - left to right; 4 - I.p.	8 rep.	The back is straight. Hands are straight, in front of you. The legs are straight when swinging.
	11) Circular rotations in knee joint I.p. - stand legs apart, hands on the belt 10 rotations - right 10 rotations - left	20 rep.
	12) Circular rotations in the ankle joint I.p. - stand legs apart, hands on the belt 10 rotations - right 10 rotations - left	20 rep.	Perform at your own expense. Keep your back straight. Look ahead.
	Rebuilding.	1 min	"Round around!" "Step into place, march!" "Round around!" - to turn the students to face the teacher. "Follow me step, march!" - to go to the treadmill. Build in a column one after another for special running exercises: "In one column, stand up!"
	Special running exercises (SBU):	5 minutes
	Running with shin overwhelm;	2 times	Combine with relaxation of non-working muscles. Heels touch the buttocks. Hands work like when running. The body is tilted forward.
	Running with straight legs forward;	2 times	Work on the forefoot.
	Multi-jumps;	2 times	The work of the hands is like in a run, landing on two feet. Pull the knee of the fly leg up as much as possible. The push leg is straightened at the knee.
	Running with high hips;	2 times	Raise your knee to a 90 degree angle. Land on toe. The foot of the fly leg is pulled towards itself. The body is tilted forward. Hands work like when running.
	Running backwards	2 times	Moving forward with minimal flexion of the leg at the knee joint. The body is slightly tilted forward. Flying leg stretch in the direction of movement. Putting the foot on the toe. Arms and shoulders relaxed, working as if running.
	Building		"In one line, stand up!" - we build inside the cones.
Main part (60 min)
	relay race	15 minutes	Relay racing is an athletics discipline in which the result is achieved by team rather than individual efforts. Classical competitions are held exclusively at the stadium, but individual variations of the relay races can be held on the highway. Kinds: Official relay races for women and men: 4x100, 4x200, 4x400, 4x800m; Official relay race for men - 4 x 1500 m; Olympic relay races for women and men: 4x100m and 4x400m; "Swedish relay" - 800/400/200/100 m or 100/200/400/800 m; Amateur, school relay races - the distance of the stages is chosen by the organizers independently.
			Relay Technique: The main task of the runners is to correctly pass the baton at high speed. Sticks can be wooden or metal. Their length reaches 30 cm. In relay races for short distances, they may not use a stick. Runners of the 1st stage start running from a low start, holding a stick in their right hand. Then they pass from their right hand in the 20m zone to the next runner in their left hand, and so on. There are several ways to transfer the stick: with and without a change of hand. The receiver may transfer the wand from one hand to the other, or may not shift it, and pass it to the next with the same hand that took it. If the runner dropped the stick, then he must pick it up with the same hand in which it was before the fall. The baton is passed strictly in a dedicated area - from 10 m before the end of the 1st stage to 10 m at the beginning of the 2nd stage. Failure to follow the rules will result in the disqualification of the entire team.

	rebuilding	3 min	Building in 1 line on the football field. "Stand in one line" "Equal!" "Attention!" "Pay 1.2!" "2 numbers 3 steps forward march!" "Left!"
	Leading exercises:	15 minutes
	Transfer of the baton from below in the column in place.	2 times

	Transfer of the baton in the movement of 20 m. 3) Relay "Pursuit"	2 times (top/bottom) 1 time	The students are divided into pairs. They all run at once. Do not run into the corridor. Corridor 5 m before the start line and 5 m after the start line. Try to take the wand without looking back. At the signal of the transmitter, stretch out your hand to receive the stick, pre-gaining acceleration. Teams are built on opposite sides of the field. On a signal, the first numbers start running, trying to catch up with each other, then they pass the baton to the next participant, etc. The team that finishes the relay first wins.
	100m relay race Students are divided into 2 teams. Participants are divided into stages.	10 min	If a team has lost a wand or ran out of the corridor, then it is removed from the race.
Final part (5 minutes)
	Slow run	1 circle 3 min	Recovery of the pulse
	Construction, summing up	1 min	The teacher asks if you liked the relay, which exercise caused the most difficulties
	Organizational college care.	1 min