Terminology. Historical aspects of the emergence and development of power juggling with kettlebells Called kettlebell

Weight- a specially manufactured object of a given mass, having a special shape and other design features.

Weights are divided into measuring, clock and sports. The former have very high manufacturing precision and are designed for weighing various bodies. Measuring weights vary in weight, accuracy class and area of application (laboratory, commercial, etc.). Clock weights ranging from several hundred grams to many poods were used as the driving force for the clock mechanism.

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The history of the kettlebell as a sports equipment

Analyzing various literary and museum materials, it is difficult to say with great accuracy when and where exactly the first weights appeared. IN this moment time, we can only say for sure that weights are one of the oldest weights for strength training, created several thousand years ago. The first mentions of weights date back to ancient Greece, where projectiles carved from stone, vaguely shaped like weights, were used to train the strength of the first Olympians. In a later period of time, stone weights, very similar in shape to modern weights, were used for training by the Turkic and Slavic peoples. Next stage The development of kettlebell lifting is associated with the development of trade and the appearance of metal weights with a standard weight, on the basis of which modern sports weights were created. The interpretation of the term “weight” has appeared in Russian dictionaries since the beginning of the 17th century and, according to some experts, comes from the Persian word “heran” - weight.

Day kettlebell lifting was marked with the date August 10, 1885. It was on this day that the first “Amateur Athletics Club” was created. Until this day, weight training was more of a recreational nature and was carried out at fairs and entertainment events.

Modern sports weights

Sports weights are designed to develop the muscular strength of athletes, strengthen joints and, as a rule, have a spherical shape with a special handle for gripping the weight with the hand, or special gripping holes, hooks and other elements for using sports weights as part of the design of exercise machines.

Sports weights come in two types: solid and collapsible. Solid weights come in weights of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 48, 56, 68, 80, 92 kg. IN

Weight

Sports weight

Weight- a specially manufactured object of a given mass, having a special shape and other design features.

Weights are divided into measuring, clock and sports. The former have very high manufacturing precision and are designed for weighing various bodies. Measuring weights vary in weight, accuracy class and area of application (laboratory, commercial, etc.). Clock weights from several hundred grams to many pounds were used as the driving force of the clock mechanism

Story

Some believe that weights have their original origin from ancient Greece, where it was on the famous Olympic Games ah - heavy objects were used, resembling a weight in their rounded shapes.

Kettlebells, which have retained their form to this day, appeared in the 18th century in a completely unexpected way. Russian gunners constantly, with great effort, manually placed cannonballs into the muzzles of the cannons. It took preparation. A simple but excellent idea was proposed: attach a handle to the core and thereby train the arm muscles. The results were stunning; the speed of loading a cannonball into the cannon increased several times.

Kettlebell Lifting Day was marked on August 10, 1885. It was on this day that the first “Amateur Athletics Club” was created. Until this day, weight training was more of a recreational nature and was carried out at fairs and entertainment events.

Sports weights

16 kg kettlebell

Kettlebells weighing 24 and 32 kilograms

Sports weights are designed to develop the muscular strength of athletes, strengthen joints and, as a rule, have a spherical shape with a special handle for gripping the weight by hand, or special gripping holes, hooks and other elements for using sports weights as part of the design of exercise machines. Sports weights come in two types: solid and collapsible. Solid weights come in weights of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 48, 56 kg. A weight weighing 16 kg is called a pood (1 pood ≈ 16 kg). In kettlebell lifting, competitions are held using kettlebells weighing 16, 24 and 32 kg. According to the rules of the MSGS, MFGS, VFGS, sports competitive weights must have the following parameters:

Notes

The weight was used even earlier in ports as a means of measurement; later, port loaders began to use weights for sports in their free time.

Kettlebell lifting - what is it?

The kettlebell sport belongs to the cyclic sport, the essence of which is lifting the kettlebell as many times as possible in the allotted period of time. For men's and female categories There are different disciplines:

Men's have 2 disciplines: classic biathlon and clean and jerk long cycle. Biathlon involves the exercise of pushing two weights with both hands from the chest and sharply lifting the weights with one hand. The long cycle push involves throwing the projectile onto the chest.
Women have 1 discipline: kettlebell jerk.

In the past, competitions in weight lifting were only for men; the ancient Greeks were the first to introduce this sport. In our country, exercises with heavy objects began to be introduced in the 19th century; the doctor Vladislav Kraevsky was the first to bring this new product to St. Petersburg. He also organized an athletics club in 1885 to promote healthy image life, and very quickly found supporters.

Kettlebell lifting - benefit or harm

The experience of athletes and the statements of doctors prove that working with weights not only helps, but also develops strength, endurance and good coordination of movements, but it is secretly believed that this is the most traumatic form. What are the benefits of kettlebell lifting?

helps to lose excess weight;
is one of the safest;
very simple exercises;
minimum costs.

Harm from exercising with weights cannot be ruled out either, but only if the athletes begin immediately by lifting heavy weights. Then the unpleasant consequences can be:

Crick;
fractures of fingers or hands;
heart problems.

Kettlebell lifting - advantages

In order for the benefits of such activities to be greater than the harm, you need to be careful and listen to the trainer’s instructions regarding the load. If you follow all the recommendations, kettlebell lifting has obvious benefits for the body, many athletes agree with this. The list of advantages of such activities is obvious:

You can study both in a group and individually;
no need to look for special equipment or sites;
a personal training method is selected for each person;
You can start training at any age.

Kettlebell lifting - cons

Since kettlebell lifting requires good physical training, before enrolling in the section, you must consult a doctor. There are a number of diseases in which you will have to stop exercising. Kettlebell lifting takes into account the following contraindications:

heart or vascular diseases;
arrhythmia, tachycardia, hypertension;
diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
lung problems;
poor vision, astigmatism;
weak ligaments and brittle bones;
problems with the endocrine or genitourinary system;
varicose veins or hemorrhoids.

What muscles does kettlebell lifting pump?

Many men are interested in the question: what does kettlebell lifting develop? They are mainly interested in whether there will be beautiful figure and cast muscles. It is believed that in this sport only the muscles of the arms are developed, but this is not so. Equipment can be used to pump up the pectoral and back muscles, legs and deltoids. This needs to be done correctly; there are several rules for pumping up muscles:

For back and upper shoulder girdle– “snatch” and “jerk” exercises.
For the chest muscles - squeeze while lying horizontally or at an angle.
For the latissimus dorsi muscles - pull-ups with a kettlebell.
For - squeeze over your head.
For legs - squat or walk with weights on your shoulders.

You can squeeze the load over yourself one by one or at the same time. The alternating approach develops strength, while the simultaneous approach develops endurance. Experienced trainers It is advised to use a jerk that is repeated many times, then the risk of injury is much lower. Basics of kettlebell lifting - training motor actions and training methods, there are several of them, the coach selects the methods individually for each athlete.

What is better - kettlebell lifting or powerlifting?

Many people believe that kettlebell lifting and powerlifting are identical sports, but this is not so. Powerlifting is aimed at the strength of the athlete, because he must lift as much weight as possible, therefore for such activities only muscle strength is important, and for exercises in a sport such as kettlebell lifting, due to the complex exercise technique, the following are also important:

flexibility;
speed;
coordination.

Working with a barbell puts a huge load on the spine; athletes often get injured due to lifting heavy weights. Often a competitor swings at a weight that is too heavy for him. This does not happen with a kettlebell, because the weight of the apparatus is strictly coordinated based on the load and age. Kettlebells strengthen the muscles of the entire figure, and the barbell only strengthens the arms.

Sports nutrition for kettlebell lifting

To those who chose weightlifting, you need to carefully monitor your diet. Nutrition in kettlebell lifting also includes vitamin complexes that are created specifically for security forces. To increase the endurance of athletes, it was developed sports nutrition"Leveton Forte", today, is one of the best complexes. Its most important components:

Leuzea root;
ascorbic acid;
vitamin E;
bee pollen;
amino acids, beta-carotene.

Weightlifters also have a good effect with creatine, which affects muscle contraction. Available in the form of powder, capsules and tablets, it is recommended to use it both before and after training. This drug:

helps increase muscle mass;
acts as a lactic acid blocker;
develops relief;
relieves inflammation in strained muscles.

Kettlebell lifting - interesting facts

Over the years of its existence, all sports have created collections interesting facts. Weightlifting is no exception; the following secrets of kettlebell lifting are noted:

Translated from in English, the word “weight” is translated as “kettle-bell”.
The shape of modern shells for weight lifters was invented by gunners in the 18th century. It was very difficult for them to put cannonballs into the cannons, and the craftsmen decided to attach a handle to the cannonball so that they could throw the shells into the mouth. As a result, they began to charge several times faster.
At the beginning of the 21st century, the craftsmen of the Titan enterprise cast an amazing gift for the anniversary of the city of Verkhneuralsk - a weight that weighed 100 pounds.

Legends of kettlebell lifting

The pages of weightlifting achievements recorded many names of athletes who made a great contribution to the development of kettlebell lifting.

Ivan Poddubny. A famous strongman who amazed the whole world with his abilities.
Peter Krylov. The circus performer and wrestler demonstrated the best skills in working with weights.
Valentin Dikul. Being paralyzed, he managed to achieve fame as a weightlifter, juggling steel balls weighing up to 80 kilograms.
Sergei Rachinsky. The Honored Master of Sports, entered the Guinness Book of Records, thanks to his unique abilities, he snatched a weight that weighed 16 kilograms more than one and a half thousand times per hour.
Evgeniy Lopatin. Honored Master of Sports, he was the first in history to push 2 weights weighing 32 kilograms more than 100 times in 10 minutes.

The kettlebell is one of the oldest sports equipment, the history of which can be traced from the Olympic Games of antiquity to the present day. A retrospective analysis of literary and museum archival materials shows that weights (devices made in the form of a massive body with a handle in the shape of a closed arc) as a means for development physical qualities were known many centuries ago. Stone weights were used to develop strength qualities by Olympians Ancient Greece. This can be confirmed by a stone weighing 134 kg stored in the Athens Olympic Museum, the shape of which resembles a weight. There is an inscription on the stone that says that a certain Bibon raised it above his head with one hand.

Exercises with heavy objects were classified in Ancient Greece as so-called “natural movements”, such as running, jumping, throwing, etc. .

In the early Middle Ages, stone weights, according to appearance practically no different from modern ones, they were used to develop physical qualities among Turkic and Slavic peoples. Scientists have established that the word “weight” appeared in the lexicon of the Russian, Ukrainian and Bulgarian languages at the end of the 17th - beginning of the 18th century and, apparently, is of Persian origin (“geranium”; “geran” - heaviness, heavy). The interpretation of the word "weight", borrowed from the Persian language, has been mentioned in Russian dictionaries since 1704.

In the 19th century, weights were used to develop and demonstrate physical qualities both in pre-revolutionary Russia and in a number of Western European countries.

The first methodological work in which weights were mentioned was apparently D. Sinclair’s book “Athletic Exercises,” published in 1806. It described the lifestyle of athletes and outlined various methodological provisions (for example, about twice-daily training with external weights, reminiscent of modern weights).

Traveling circus tents played a major role in the popularization of strength exercises. Athletes entered the arena and amazed people with their extraordinary strength. The program of their performances included complex strength exercises, juggling with weights and cannonballs.

GS as a type of weightlifting appeared in Russia at the end of the last century. On August 10, 1885, it was decided to create the first circle of athletics enthusiasts in St. Petersburg.

Historical facts indicate the great popularity of weights among leading athletes of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Exercises with weights that were unique to this day (including juggling with weights) were performed by S. Eliseev and the “King of Kettlebells” P. Krylov. Their achievements include holding a 61 kg weight with a straight arm, squeezing a two-pound weight 86 times with the left hand, and juggling three two-pound weights at the same time. Kettlebells were used in their training systems by E. Sandov, G. Lurich, G. Gakkenshmidt, I. Poddubny, I. Zaikin, A. Aberg, N. Zherebtsov and many other outstanding athletes.

JG as a type of physical culture and sports activity definitely has GS exercises as one of its origins, and circus power juggling (craft juggling) as another. According to our assumption, the third component that made it possible for the formation of FGM is rhythmic plastic art (especially pronounced in FGM in women) (section 1.2).

Until the 40s of the last century, HS in its modern sense did not exist. In labor collectives of agricultural and industrial enterprises, in the navy, in the army, competitions of strongmen were held, the participants of which exercised with weights. Classes in these groups developed strength and endurance, gave young people a basic sports training. Most of the well-known weightlifters of that time began their sports career with GS.

In 1948, taking into account the interest in kettlebell exercises, an all-Union competition of strongmen was held in Moscow, in which the winners took part. republican competitions. The competitions were held in four weight categories: 60, 70, 80 and over 80 kg. Competitors performed kettlebell snatch with one hand and clean and jerk of two kettlebells from the chest; at the same time, it was allowed to squeeze them, “shung them” and push them. In addition, the athletes competed in exercises with a barbell: bench press and clean and jerk with two hands.

Many talented athletes have made their way through the weights to the barbell. Domestic weightlifting has achieved success in the international arena. A system of training and competitions was established in this sport, and it was included in the Unified All-Union Sports Classification. A weightlifter could become a master of sports of the USSR, which attracted young people. However, nothing similar was observed in the HS.

In the 50s, classes with weights continued to be popular among rural youth, warriors Soviet army and the Navy. The competitions were held in the form of strongman competitions, where there were no rules or classification standards. Thus, interest in this truly popular sport has never waned.

The 60s were the years of the HS revival. In Russia, Ukraine, and Lithuania, competitions began to be held with the presentation of prizes and medals, which took place in front of a large crowd of spectators. In some republics, classification standards were developed, including masters of sports. Classification standards for HS were developed for the Armed Forces of the USSR.

In the early 80s, the “Heroes of Russia” competitions, held at the end of the agricultural year, were widespread. The winners and prize-winners were awarded with gold, silver and bronze tokens, and the teams of the winning regions were awarded with challenge prizes. By this time, the creation of the first SJG groups based on sports clubs and universities.

All-Union recognition of the GS occurred in 1985 with the holding of the first USSR championship and the creation of the All-Union (later All-Russian) Federation of GS (VFGS). In the same year, GS became an independent national sport with classification standards up to and including Master of Sports of the USSR.

The first Russian Kettlebell Lifting Championship, in which athletes from 12 regions participated, was held in Angarsk in 1992. At the same time, most of its participants also competed in the parallel Russian Kettlebell Combined Championship.

Since 1992, they have been officially established discharge standards on LPG, including the standard of the Master of Sports of Russia. The largest competitions in kettlebell lifting began to include, in addition to the classical types, the WCG. The GS received the international status in 1993 with the creation of the International Kettlebell Lifting Federation (IFGS), which included more than 10 countries.

Unfortunately, at present, there are significant difficulties in the development of the domestic HS. Since 2004, the FSG standards have been removed from the Unified All-Russian Sports Classification. In the same year, the VFGS was removed from the IFGS due to a conflict of leadership. To give domestic athletes the opportunity to perform on the international stage, it was created

International Kettlebell Lifting Union. This organization turned out to be unviable, and it was replaced by the International Confederation of Kettlebell Masters, headquartered in Arkhangelsk, which in 2015 unites athletes from 58 countries. However, Russian kettlebell lifters (the strongest in the world) still do not have access to international competitions under the auspices of the IFGS. Since 2011, the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation has been looking for alternative solutions to this issue.

Thus, the formation and development of kettlebell lifting was the basic basis for the emergence of FGM. It is an organic part of kettlebell lifting and appeared first as a type of exercise with kettlebells, used in the training practice of weightlifters and weight lifters, and then as a type of kettlebell lifting itself. The largest competitions in SJG are held jointly with competitions of the same rank in kettlebell biathlon and long cycle clean and jerk.

Terminology is a system of terms that expresses a set of specific concepts in a particular type of activity. Accurate and clear terminology in kettlebell lifting improves the quality of pedagogical work. It is difficult to explain movement if there is no precise and concise definition for it.

The following are the main terms used in kettlebell lifting at the present time. Since kettlebell exercises are also associated with weight lifting, it is natural that many terms are borrowed from weightlifting.

START– the starting position (IP) of the athlete for lifting weights.

CAPTURE– a way to grip the handle of a weight. It can be performed in two ways: 1) grip from above - the position of the hand in which the palm of the kettlebell handle is facing down; 2) grip from below - the position of the hand in which the palm of the kettlebell handle is facing upward.

JERK– a kettlebell double-event exercise in which the kettlebell is lifted upward onto a straight arm in one continuous movement.

PUSH– a kettlebell double-event exercise, performed in two steps: first, the weights are lifted onto the chest, the second, the weights are pushed up onto straight arms.

AN APPROACH– single or repeated exercises with weights.

PRELIMINARY START– the beginning of lifting the weight(s) from the platform from i. P.

MAIN START– the most convenient non-fixed rack with a kettlebell) before performing the main part (phase) of the exercise.

SWING– preparatory movement of the weight(s) in the direction opposite to the main movement.

BRUSH PUSH– displacement of the hand inside the arch of the weight until it stops with the base thumb to the inside.

MAX– pendulum movement of a weight in one direction or another.

FIXATION– holding the weights at the top with straight arms in a position that meets the requirements of the competition rules.

Kettlebell biathlon– a type of kettlebell lifting that includes two exercises in the competition program: the clean and jerk and the snatch.

WEIGHT PUSH OVER A LONG CYCLE- a type of kettlebell lifting that includes in the competition program one exercise, which includes throwing weights onto the chest, pushing and dropping weights to a hanging position.

EXERCISE CYCLE– a structural unit that characterizes a complete one-time execution of an exercise (snatch, clean and jerk, jerk of two weights in a long cycle, etc.).

PRESS– lifting the weight(s) from the chest upward using the strength of the arm muscles.

TWO KELL SNATCH- an auxiliary exercise in which two weights are lifted upward onto straight arms in one continuous movement.

DRIVING- lifting weights (weights); in the clean and jerk - on the chest at the beginning of the lift, in the snatch - from the platform until the legs straighten.

SUDDENED– quick bending of the legs during the exercise, making it easier to lift the weight(s).

EXPLOSION– acceleration of the pull: in the clean and jerk – when lifting a weight (weights) to the chest, in the snatch from the level of the knees.

INCLUSION– optimal position of the hands in the final phase of the snatch, clean and jerk, press and in the second phase of the push of two kettlebells in a long cycle. Provided by good flexibility and mobility in the elbow and shoulder joints.

DOGIM– inclusion of one or two hands after a short stop in the final phase of the snatch, clean and jerk and in the second phase of the push of two weights in a long cycle.

STOP– short-term cessation of the exercise.

TOUCH- runtime error classic exercises kettlebell biathlon and push and jerk of two kettlebells in a long cycle.

PROJECT THROTTLE– a sharp lift of the weight upward with a straight arm in one continuous movement.

TOSS– lifting the weights in a swing or jerk with subsequent release and re-capture.

WEIGHT (WEIGHT) ON CHEST– the weight(s) is placed on the forearm and shoulder, the arm(s) are pressed to the body.

INCLINE– bending the torso forward or to the side.

REJECT- bending the body back.

GENERAL DEVELOPMENT EXERCISES– exercises designed to develop certain physical qualities.

BRING-UP EXERCISES– individual parts of classical exercises or specially selected exercises, similar in the structure of movements to those being studied, used when teaching technique.

SPECIAL EXERCISES OR PART OF EXERCISES, similar in structure to those being studied, performed during training or correcting errors in technology.

COMPETITION WEIGHT– standard weight, the weight of which is determined by the competition regulations (16, 24, 32 kg).

LIGHT Kettlebell- a kettlebell that is lighter than a competitive one - more than 4 kg.

LIGHTWEIGHT WEIGHT- kettlebell, the weight of which is less than the competition (no more than 4 kg).

WEIGHTED WEIGHT- kettlebell, the weight of which is more than the competition