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Many people first think about the heart only after a myocardial infarction, although Attentive attitude to alarming heart symptoms might have kept them healthy.

According to statistics, diseases of the cardiovascular system rank first among the causes of death of the adult population in Russia and around the world. The most susceptible to heart disease are men over 30-40 years old and women over 60 (upon menopause). Takes on special importance in last years sudden death, which is associated with coronary pathology (impaired blood supply to the heart).

However, only rare forms of diseases of the cardiovascular system are asymptomatic. In most cases, the body begins to give alarm signals long before the disaster. The main thing is to recognize them in time and take the necessary measures.

Can't stand chest pain. When discomfort occurs in the heart
you need to stop, if possible, sit down or lie down. people
suffering from ischemic heart disease, you should always have
taking fast-acting nitroglycerin preparations with you
and take a dose of medication when pain occurs.

1 sign: pain and discomfort in the chest

Chest pain is the most common symptom of heart disease. With insufficient blood supply, the heart muscle experiences ischemia (lack of oxygen), which is accompanied by severe pain. Heart pain has the following characteristics:

occurs or increases when the heart is experiencing the greatest load: with physical activity(jogging, walking, climbing stairs), excitement, increased blood pressure;
pain quickly disappears at rest, in a sitting or standing position, stops within a few minutes after taking nitrates (nitroglycerin, nitrospray, isoket spray, nitromint, nitrocor and others);
pain is localized in the region of the heart, behind the sternum, can spread (give) to the left shoulder blade, left jaw, left arm;
the nature of the pain is intense pressing, in more severe cases - acute, burning.

The described pain makes you stop activities, stop physical work, sit down or lie down. The load on the heart is reduced, the pain subsides.

Much more dangerous are the atypical manifestations of cardiac pain syndrome, to which people often do not pay attention, hoping to endure:

discomfort in the region of the heart, especially associated with physical exertion or excitement: a feeling of pressure, the heart is “like in a trap”, tingling behind the sternum; such sensations are often accompanied by the appearance of fear of death, inexplicable excitement;
heart pain can mimic toothache, pain in the lower jaw, exacerbation of osteochondrosis, myositis of the pectoral and subscapular muscles, heartburn with gastritis, an attack of peritonitis with the appearance of intense pain in the abdomen, nausea and vomiting.

Sign 2: shortness of breath on exertion

Shortness of breath is a feeling of lack of air. During active physical activity, shortness of breath is a physiological mechanism that allows you to compensate for the excess consumption of oxygen by the working muscles.

However, if shortness of breath occurs with little activity, this indicates a high probability of cardiac pathology. Shortness of breath in heart disease is often the equivalent of heart pain.

Shortness of breath should be alarming, which does not allow you to climb to the 3-4th floor without stopping, occurs when walking calmly at the usual pace.

Shortness of breath, worse at rest, especially when lying down, often indicates the addition of pulmonary (respiratory) insufficiency. In addition, shortness of breath is a companion of lung diseases and respiratory tract(bronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma, pneumothorax).

3 sign: arrhythmia

Episodes of sudden acceleration (tachycardia) or slowing (bradycardia) of heart rate, a feeling when the heart "jumps" out of the chest, can also be signs of heart disease.

Most often, myocardial ischemia is accompanied by atrial fibrillation. A person feels discomfort in the chest, dizziness, weakness. When probing - the pulse of weak filling, heartbeats are felt as non-rhythmic, then become more frequent, then slow down without any system. If the heart rate is not higher than 80-90 beats per minute, a person may not feel interruptions on his own.

If chest pain or shortness of breath does not improve at rest, does not go away
within 3-5 minutes after taking nitrates, there is a high risk of irreversible
ischemic heart disease - myocardial infarction. In such a situation, you need
call ambulance and take half an aspirin tablet on your own.
How quickly medical care is provided depends on
further prognosis for the health and life of the patient.

Sign 5: swelling

Swelling or pasty tissue may indicate heart problems. In violation of the contractile function of the myocardium, the heart does not have time to pump blood, which is accompanied by a slowdown in its flow through the vessels. Part of the fluid moves from the general blood flow to the surrounding tissues, causing an increase in the volume of soft tissues.

Cardiac edema can be observed throughout the body, but are more pronounced in the lower part of the body, where the rate of blood return to the heart is minimal, more often in the evening. Attention should be paid to the appearance of marks from socks or stockings, an increase in the girth of the ankles, shins, rounding of the contours of the legs, difficulty in trying to clench the fingers into fists, remove the ring from the finger.

Expert: Olga Karaseva, Candidate of Medical Sciences, cardiologist
Natalia Dolgopolova, therapist

The material uses photographs owned by shutterstock.com

The heart is the engine of the whole organism. The global ecological catastrophe, the modern pace of life, unbalanced nutrition and an increased level of daily stress lead to a disruption in the functioning of this vital organ. In most cases, heart disease leads to poor quality of life, dependence on medications or devices. And in some cases - to disability, in difficult situations - to the death of the patient. In this article we will talk about what heart diseases are known: a list and symptoms, modern methods treatment of official and traditional medicine.

General symptoms

We will tell you what heart diseases exist: a list and symptoms, treatment - nothing will be left without attention. There are many types and subspecies of heart disease. Each case has its own characteristics and specific symptoms. But for the convenience of identifying the problem in medical circles, it is customary to classify heart diseases based on common signs. Therefore, it is possible to identify symptoms characteristic of most heart problems, in the presence of which a person should immediately contact a cardiologist for further examination:

Fatigue and fatigue. Unfortunately, this symptom occurs in almost every second person living in a metropolis. It is unlikely that anyone will pay attention to such a slight malaise. But if for you such a condition was not previously the norm, but appeared completely unexpectedly and dragged on for a long time, this is a serious cause for concern about heart health.
and heartbeat. This condition is normally observed during physical activity, feelings, fear or excitement. But if the arrhythmia manifests itself daily or even several times a day for no apparent reason, be examined by a specialist.
Shortness of breath - difficult breathing, a feeling of lack of air. This symptom occurs in 90% of people suffering from one or another heart disease.
Dizziness, nausea, loss of consciousness, sweating, swelling. Such signs in some patients appear regularly, while in others they are completely absent.
Chest pain often warns of an approaching symptom. The symptom has various manifestations: the pain can be sharp, short-term or prolonged “squeezing”, there are sensations of heaviness, stiffness in the chest. Unpleasant sensations may spread to shoulder girdle, left arm or leg.

It is worth noting the fact that people often do not pay attention to most body signals. In addition, there is not always a pronounced pain syndrome of a particular heart disease. The list and symptoms in each case are individual. Neglect of one's own health worsens medical statistics: about 40% of all deaths are the result of heart disease.

Causes

Why do heart diseases appear? The names, the list of such problems is getting longer every day. The causes of heart disease are varied. First of all, the hereditary factor influences, as well as various disorders of a woman's pregnancy, which contribute to the formation of pathologies in the development of the fetal heart muscle.

Acquired heart problems appear due to not proper nutrition. Doctors are discussing which foods lead to disorders in the work of the cardiovascular system. Some believe that excessive consumption of fatty foods and simple carbohydrates adversely affects health. While other luminaries of science argue that just the absence of animal fats, the oversaturation of the body with polyunsaturated acids leads to problems with the heart muscle. One way or another, we can conclude that for prevention, one should adhere to the golden mean in nutrition and saturate the body with various useful substances.

Lack of physical activity, alcohol and nicotine abuse adversely affect the health of our internal natural motor. Nervous heart disease is common. The list of such health problems is growing daily.

Concomitant ailments can also lead to heart disease. For example, metabolic disorders, hematopoiesis and blood flow.

Heart diseases: list

Syndrome of palpitations occurs in almost every third inhabitant of the planet. Jumps in the pulse and heart rate for no reason are called arrhythmia or a violation of the pace of the heartbeat. Such a condition is not a disease in itself, but has unpleasant symptoms and is considered a pronounced sign of heart problems of various origins: from impaired blood supply to the toxic effects of drugs.

Arrhythmia treatment

To fix the problem, you need to identify the root cause and deal with it. There are also medications to reduce the rhythm of the heartbeat, for example, "Disopyramide", "Timolol", "Verapamil", "Magnesium Sulfate" and others. They differ in the method of action and have a number of adverse reactions, contraindications. Self-administration of drugs against arrhythmias is unsafe for health.

Decoctions and infusions of herbs are widely used to normalize the heart rate. You can learn more about them in the corresponding chapter.

Heart failure

A condition such as heart failure, as well as arrhythmia, is not considered a disease, but is a consequence of improper heart function. At the same time, a person is concerned about the symptoms of heart problems, most often shortness of breath and rapid unusual fatigue. Also, there is a cyanosis of the nail plates and the nasolabial triangle due to a violation of the blood supply to the tissues.

Inflammatory diseases: pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis

There are heart diseases, the list and symptoms of which are listed below, which are inflammatory in nature:

Pericarditis- inflammation in the pericardial cavity. The cause of such a problem is other diseases of the body, in particular, autoimmune and infectious. Also, pericarditis can develop after an injury. There is a stagnation of fluid in the specified section of the heart, which leads to difficulty in contracting the muscle, disrupting its work. Such a complication within just a few hours develops to a serious form - cardiac tamponade. Pressure in the pericardial region caused by increased fluid and inflammation of the walls can limit the ability of the organ to contract, up to its complete stop. Pericarditis is not immediately symptomatic, which also adversely affects the medical prognosis for the patient. This disease is deadly.
Myocarditis- inflammation of the myocardium. The disease develops under the influence of viruses, fungi and bacteria. Often resolves without significant symptoms. Recovery in this case occurs independently. According to the indications, antiviral, antibacterial, immunomodulating therapy can be used. This disease is dangerous with the possible development of cardiomyopathy (stretching of the inner region of the heart muscle).
Endocarditis- inflammation of the endocardium, internal disease of infectious origin. It can form even after a seemingly insignificant surgical intervention, for example, when a tooth is removed. Symptoms are quite pronounced:

fever;
high body temperature;
pain in the joints;
grayish color of the skin;
thickening of the phalanges of the fingers;
enlargement of the liver and spleen;
development of kidney problems;
heart murmurs when heard with a stethoscope.

The disease is dangerous not only because it violates, but also the possibility of developing complications in other organs. Such heart diseases are eliminated with the help of broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. Symptoms and treatment depend on the severity and general condition patient. The course of taking antibiotics is at least two weeks. With a timely visit to the doctor, the prognosis for the patient is 70% favorable. But deaths from this disease are regularly recorded. Moreover, often a fatal outcome occurs not only due to disruption of the heart, but also from the failure of the liver and kidneys.

Problems of an inflammatory nature in the tissues of the heart muscle lead to complications, hearts develop. The list of such pathologies is regularly updated.

Ischemic disease

Atherosclerotic heart disease is widespread. The list and methods of their treatment are determined depending on the symptoms. So, coronary heart disease is an extremely dangerous condition. A characteristic feature is a violation of blood flow in the large vessels of the body, including in the coronary arteries that supply blood to the myocardium. Ischemic disease accounts for 90% of all heart diseases. Contribute to the formation of such a problem genetic predisposition, elderly age patient, excess weight, diabetes, taking certain medications, bad habits and an unhealthy lifestyle.

This disease is dangerous by the development of such pathological conditions that can lead to death:

Heart failure.
Arrhythmia.
Angina.
Myocardial infarction - necrosis of the inner lining of the heart muscle.
Heart failure.

Treatment of coronary disease

Since this disease is a common problem, we turn Special attention on modern methods of treatment of coronary heart disease. Depending on the symptoms, the doctor selects an adequate treatment, but general recommendations such:

reduction of physical activity;
diet (reducing the amount of water and salt consumed).

Medical preparations

These heart diseases are treated medically. The list of drugs that help improve blood flow and promote the breakdown of cholesterol plaques is as follows:

antiplatelet agents "Trombopol", "Clopidogrel";
adrenoblockers "Coronal", "Betalok", "Dilatrend";
nitrates;
anticoagulants;
diuretics.

Surgical methods

The following surgical methods are used:

Coronary bypass.
The introduction of a medical balloon.

Unfortunately, it is currently impossible to completely eliminate this disease. Treatment methods are used to prevent the development of complications, including heart attack and slow the progression of coronary disease.

congenital ailments

There are congenital heart diseases. Names, list, symptoms depend on the nature of the pathology. During the period of intrauterine development of the fetus, in the presence of adverse factors, the development of various disorders in the formation of the heart muscle and adjacent arteries is possible. Such birth defects are the main causes of death in newborns and infants. Often, babies with congenital heart defects remain profoundly disabled.

The main risk factor is genetic. The secondary factors are the following: environmental, viral and infectious diseases suffered by a pregnant woman, chemical poisoning, nicotine and alcohol abuse, drug use by the expectant mother.

When pathologies of the development of the heart muscle are detected in a newborn, surgical intervention is often prescribed according to indications. But such a cardinal method has high level risk. Unfortunately, the forecasts are disappointing, the probability lethal outcome or disability is very high when diagnosing a serious pathology.

Folk remedies for the treatment of heart disease

Treat and folk remedies unpleasant symptoms of heart disease. The names (list) of herbs and fruits that will help normalize the pulse, reduce pressure on the heart muscle, remove stagnant fluid, improve blood flow and metabolism, soothe, improve sleep and increase immunity, are as follows:

peppermint;
Melissa;
hawthorn;
rose hip;
valerian;
calendula.

Prevention of heart disease

Unfortunately, no one is immune from genetic and hereditary factors. Therefore, it is impossible to prevent congenital heart disease. Everyone should know the list and symptoms of such diseases, and at the first suspicion, you should contact a cardiologist for a professional examination. This significantly increases the chance of a full recovery.

In addition, a healthy lifestyle will help reduce the risk of developing heart disease. Eat right, watch your weight, be active in your leisure time, get regular medical check-ups, especially pay attention to diagnosing blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels.

Watch your body's signals - a timely visit to a doctor can not only improve the quality of life, but in many cases save such a valuable gift.

Diseases of the heart and blood vessels lead to impaired blood supply to organs and tissues, which leads to malfunctions in the body, deterioration in well-being, reduced working capacity and standard of living. Every year, more than 17 million inhabitants of our planet die from pathologies of this kind.

Danger cardiovascular diseases is that they can develop asymptomatically for a long time. Contrary to popular belief, such conditions are not always manifested by chest pain, impaired heart rate and other obvious signs. Often a person who feels generally well already has a cardiovascular pathology, without suspecting it. Given that ailments of this kind are increasingly affecting young people who are not inclined to spend time visiting doctors, deaths from diseases such as acute heart failure ischemic disease heart, angina pectoris, stroke and myocardial infarction, is constantly increasing.

However, you can significantly reduce personal risks by giving preference to healthy lifestyle life, reasonable physical activity and control of their health. Therefore, it is very important to know what signs should be the reason for a visit to a specialist and examination.

The result of failures in the work of the heart is insufficient blood supply to the peripheral vessels (capillaries). The power of the "pump" is simply not enough to push blood into them. Mucous membranes are the first to suffer from a lack of oxygen and nutrients. They become highly prone to minor injuries and susceptible to the effects of pathogens.

If a person has bleeding gums, loose teeth, pustules on the oral mucosa, this may indicate heart failure.

Source: depositphotos.com

Angina pectoris is a disease that occurs due to a mismatch between the needs of the coronary vessels for blood flow and its actual intake. The main symptom is attacks of heart pain during physical or nervous tension. Unpleasant sensations can last from 1 to 15 minutes, and the pain increases gradually, but quickly disappears when the load is stopped (for example, for a person who walks quickly, sometimes it is enough to stop to relieve an attack).

Pain with angina pectoris appears behind the sternum and is given to the left arm and shoulder, lower jaw and teeth on the left. Such sensations, which occur periodically with strong tension and pass at rest, are a diagnostic sign of the disease.

Source: depositphotos.com

People suffering from heart failure endure seasonal infections very hard. Phenomena such as increased body temperature and difficulty breathing create an increased need for oxygen in the body, and the intensity of the work of the heart increases. Normally, acute symptoms of influenza or SARS bother a person for no more than 5 days, and in the core they can be observed for 10 days or even longer. In addition, these patients are at high risk of developing influenza complications such as pneumonia, which in turn can cause heart attacks. According to experts, more than half of the people who die from the flu in European countries are heart disease.

Source: depositphotos.com

Snore

Difficulty breathing during sleep and heart failure are closely related. On the one hand, sleep apnea has been found to be a risk factor for the development of cardiac disorders. So, for people who periodically stop breathing in their sleep, the likelihood of myocardial infarction increases approximately three times. On the other hand, the presence of night snoring indicates that the body is experiencing a lack of oxygen, possibly caused by malfunctions in the heart.

Hello friends!

Must be everyone in modern world knows how dangerous heart disease is. And I will not discover America if I say that they occupy the first place among all causes of death. These statistics terrify me. I try to take care of myself and my loved ones, I think that it is easiest to prevent the disease, and start treatment at the earliest stages. Therefore, today I have thoroughly familiarized myself with what are the first signs of heart disease, and what you should always pay attention to. I share with you!

The enemy sneaked up unnoticed

What makes diseases of the heart and blood vessels so insidious is their quiet, inconspicuous beginning. A heart attack develops for a very long time, and then it can sting. And it's good if you meet your relatives in the hospital room, and not somewhere else.

Such diseases mask the symptoms for a long time in such a way that it will not be clear to a simple hard worker that he is not just tired and does not get enough sleep, but he must - legs in hand - run to the doctor. After all, most often you can avoid a heart attack, pay a person their attention to well-being in time.

So let's get started.

Are you tired. One day did not get enough sleep, another. OK. Well, it's been a busy week, who doesn't. But if you feel weak every day, and, it would seem, you try to sleep normally, and you don’t drag bags of cement at night, this is the very first call. Is there something wrong. If you, just getting out of bed, dream about the moment when you come home in the evening and lie down, this may indicate circulatory failure, and heart disease may develop. Usually this diagnosis is made in men over 40 and in women over 45. Problems in the blood supply to the brain and lungs may also appear at first, they should also be checked.
You have mood swings. Yes, you can be the most calm and balanced person, but with a gradually increasing heart attack, strong excitement, panic attacks, fear of death appear. And this does not mean that you have become hysterical. The problem is much deeper.
You have shortness of breath, arrhythmia. Arrhythmia is a violation of the rhythm of the heart, most often manifested (frequent pulse). These signs (shortness of breath + tachycardia) usually go hand in hand. They can also appear after completely insignificant loads, which used to be easy for you. For example, climb the stairs. Or walk up a small hill. And also, they can appear at night, wake up during sleep. Sometimes there may be bradycardia (the pulse is slow, weak), and then the person may not even feel the problems that have arisen on their own.
You are worried about chest discomfort. Perhaps this is the most obvious manifestation of heart problems. Here anyone will suspect something was wrong. The pain can be either weak, tingling, or quite sharp, with a feeling of severe weakness, when even a mug is hard to lift. This can make itself felt angina pectoris, and the transition to a pre-infarction state can begin. And here you may need to provide emergency assistance.
It is important to know how angina pectoris differs from a heart attack. With angina pectoris, pain can be relieved with nitroglycerin. With a heart attack, no.
You feel numb. This feeling can spread to the hands (often the left), chest, jaw. Yes, similar symptoms can disturb the spine. However, such a feeling of chill in the chest or abdomen may be a sign of an aortic aneurysm or the onset of a heart attack.
you have swelling. Often, with morning swelling, faces can sin for heart problems, and evening swelling of the legs can be attributed to. There is such a criterion: what is farther from the problem organ swells, to which the blood reaches longer and worse. In the case of the heart, blood reaches the legs more slowly from it to the legs. Therefore, they swell first lower limbs. This can be seen by the appearance of traces of socks, stockings, slipping shoes. Hands can also swell, for example, if it is difficult to clench your fingers into a fist or remove the ring.
Dizzy. Dizziness may be accompanied, while the condition may be up to fainting. These symptoms often appear with increased blood pressure. And this increases the chance of adding to heart disease and even a stroke.
Fever, bluish cheeks. And so, in combination with retrosternal pain, an inflammatory heart disease can manifest itself. For example, chronic, in which, after suffering acute inflammation, the valves of the heart seem to be soldered.
Blue nasolabial triangle in children. Sometimes this can happen after a long cry in babies. Or just the skin of the face is thin and pale. However, if the area around the lips and nose has a pronounced cyanosis, it may even be in a calm state, this may indicate problems with the heart or with the respiratory system. Therefore, exercise maximum vigilance.

What to do?

Of course, if you find one of the symptoms, the first thing we do is go to the doctor. However, what to do if acute pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, weakness, nausea, numbness, dizziness appear at the same time? How to help a loved one or yourself if overtaken by a heart attack?

We call an ambulance.
We seat the person. Or lay half-sitting, raising your head. So we will reduce the load on the heart and reduce the area of \u200b\u200bdamage.
We provide air access. We open the window, unbutton the shirt that constrains clothes, even a bra for women.
Aspirin + Nitroglycerin. Aspirin is preferably crushed and mixed with a spoonful of water, and Nitroglycerin is placed under the tongue and absorbed. If after this relief did not occur, everything points to a heart attack.

However, if you decide to help an unconscious complete stranger in this way, you must be 100% sure that he has high blood pressure.

If you are unsure, nitroglycerin should not be given because it lowers blood pressure and can get worse, even death. So we are waiting for an ambulance.

If you are just starting to have the first symptoms of heart disease, it is very important at this moment to contact a competent specialist. It will be very helpful if you undergo treatment in a special clinic with a cardiology focus.

Periodic trips to sanatoriums of a cardiological profile are also well maintained.
And, of course, we need to look for provoking factors.

Give up bad habits, eat right, have a good rest, do not be nervous over trifles, make sure that there is enough in your life.

See you soon!