History of sailing in the Russian army. Selection for naval special forces, specifics of service and combat training Do you need to be able to swim in the army?
Special forces of the Russian Navy
Navy Special Forces members are often called combat swimmers, but the correct name for their military specialty is “reconnaissance diver.”
Being, like the GRU special forces, primarily a highly professional power intelligence service, the Russian naval special forces are very different from the army special forces. Both of them are subordinate to the GRU General Staff; their personnel undergo strict selection and rigorous training for actions behind enemy lines. But the structure, combat missions and areas of combat training for ground and naval special forces units are different. There are also nuances in the requirements for personnel selection.
LANDING OF MARINE SPECIAL FORCES ON THE WATER: PROCEDURE AND TECHNIQUE Landing on water is perhaps one of the most difficult and dangerous elements of training for naval special forces. The special forces on board the aircraft are in full diving gear.
When jumping with a parachute, they are dressed in a GK-5M2 diving suit. GK-5M-1 it does not have a volumetric helmet lock, instead there is a seal with a VM-5 mask. Personal weapons are in rubber covers, equipment is in IKD-5 containers. During the flight, the parachutists are supplied with oxygen from the aircraft's onboard system. When approaching the landing area, the group commander inspects the personnel and orders to signal their readiness for landing. After this, the paratroopers disconnect the hoses of the on-board oxygen equipment and begin to breathe from their IDA-71P devices. On command, the landing force leaves the transport compartment; the group commander is the last to jump. The landing is carried out using PV-3 parachutes, specially designed for landing divers. It differs from a conventional landing parachute in its increased area, since the weight of a fully equipped diver can reach 180 kg. After the main parachute opens, the IKD-5 container and reserve parachute are released and go down on fifteen-meter strands.
When the container touches the water (this is immediately noticeable by the slowdown in the speed of fall), the parachutist opens the lock triggers, which release the risers of the main parachute. After diving into the water, divers disconnect the reserve parachute and the main one, and pull the containers towards them by the strand. Then follows a short ascent, the scuba divers join together with strands and begin to move with the help of fins in the direction of the shore. Ahead of them lies a landing, camouflage of diving equipment, a rapid move inland from the coastline and reconnaissance deep behind enemy lines. As for the main parachutes, they will get wet and sink in 20-30 minutes, thus ceasing to unmask the group.
SELECTION INTO MARINE SPECIAL FORCES, SPECIFICS OF SERVICE AND COMBAT TRAINING
In the USSR, naval special forces units were recruited by conscription. Then it was completely justified. Young people joined the army already quite physically prepared; many had ranks in parachuting and scuba diving. Considering that the service life in the navy was three years, during this time it was possible to train a sufficiently qualified reconnaissance diver. Now the service life in both the Russian army and navy is one year, the quality of conscripts has dropped very much, so staffing naval special forces with conscripts does not look like a good idea. Although, according to the governing documents of the RF Armed Forces, reconnaissance military units of the Special Forces and Special Forces can be recruited from citizens serving both by conscription and by contract. G. Zakharov describes the selection of conscripts as follows.
Naval special forces officers: the MCI commander, detachment commander, physiologist and physical training instructor began work with the naval selection committee. The candidates they liked were selected. Naturally, it was required good health. We tried not to take particularly large ones. The optimal candidate was considered to be about 1.75 m tall and weighing 75-80 kg. Such people withstand the greatest relative loads. We studied the questionnaire and psychological qualities. Orphans and children from single-parent families were eliminated. Preference was given to people from large families: service in naval special forces is very dangerous even in peacetime. Also, suitable candidates were selected in Marine Corps “training” exercises. But we must understand that endurance, courage and excellent physical characteristics do not yet guarantee successful service in naval special forces. A kind of psychological stability is especially important here. It happens that a brave and enterprising person on land is completely lost in the underworld. aquatic environment. The screening of candidates was carried out in several stages. First: forced march “thirty” - running 30 km with a weight of 30 kg. Combat training in the 561st Marine Corps Then the elementary test for psychological stability “Night in the Cemetery.”
The fighters must spend the night at the graves. Three or four candidates out of a hundred did not pass. Zakharov describes a case when three candidates dug up a grave and began to look for gold in it. Interestingly, they were left in the unit. Subsequently, these turned out to be the most psychologically stable people. Pipe check. Tough test. Candidates must swim through a tube simulating a submarine's torpedo tube. Its length is 10-12 m, width - 533 mm. At first, the pipe is not completely filled with water. On final stage the fighter must swim in light diving equipment through a pipe filled with water. For some, this becomes the moment of truth in terms of suitability for service in underwater special forces. Andrei Zagortsev, in the story “Sailor of the Special Forces,” describes exactly such an incident that happened to him, when he, a physically strong and resourceful young man, scuba diving “in civilian life,” fell into a panic when he found himself in a pipe. The case ended with the candidate losing consciousness and being pulled out of the pipe using a safety rope. Typically, swimming in “clean” water did not cause him any inconvenience, but when swimming in a confined space it turned out that main character prone to claustrophobia. G. Zakharov talks about a fatal incident with a “pipe”, when a fighter, overpowering himself, nevertheless dived into it, but suffered a massive heart attack from fear. All this is important for understanding what naval special forces soldiers have to face. Blowing the helmet. Go under the water, open the helmet so that it fills with water, close the helmet and blow out the water through the release valve. This is a typical situation. Some, as soon as the water reached their noses, jumped to the surface like a bullet. If a candidate could not pass the test the first time, he was not eliminated, but failure of several attempts meant that the person would not serve in the naval special forces. Control swim. This is the most serious and at the same time revealing test. If an unsuitable person could somehow have missed the previous two tests, this one objectively showed everyone’s capabilities. After completing light diving training, candidates were given a one-mile underwater swim. Air under a pressure of 170 atmospheres was pumped into the oxygen apparatus cylinder. With normal, quiet breathing, oxygen had time to regenerate and the balloon at the finish line showed a pressure of 165 atmospheres. If a person is psychologically broken, breathes through his mouth, he “eats” all the air and arrives at the finish line with a pressure of 30 atmospheres. The last test was called the “weak link”. Psychological compatibility is very important for naval special forces soldiers. The fighters sit in the classroom, each is given a group list and a pencil. And the fighter must write a number next to each name: with whom he would like to go on reconnaissance in the first place, with whom - secondly, and with whom - last. Questionnaires are anonymous. After this, the scores were summed up and those with the highest scores were eliminated. Those who failed the tests were no longer sent back to their units. Someone needed to do chores in the naval special forces.
As you can see, the qualities required for service in the Navy special forces are somewhat different from the stereotyped image of a special forces soldier. These are not necessarily supermen and masters of hand-to-hand combat, but above all, psychologically stable people, although ordinary combat training in naval special forces is at its best. G. Zakharov gives an interesting example of the role of psychological stability in the work of naval special forces: “I had such a fighter Valya Zhukov - a laughing stock, only the lazy one did not egg him on. And then one day the submariners asked me for three divers to participate in testing a rescue submarine. If they had not then been cut for scrap, the Kursk crew would have been saved. Tests in the ocean. I gave the three best guys. They started working normally, according to the program, and suddenly someone asks: “How much is there under the keel?” And there are two and a half kilometers. As they heard, two of them immediately got sick - they don’t go under water, and that’s it. Although there’s no difference - at least 100 m, at least 5 km. But for Valya Zhukov, at least it’s okay. For three, he thrashed out all the tests, no getting out of the water.
He was also my best combat medic, he dealt with wounds and fractures as if he had been a paramedic all his life. But there are only a few such super-resistant people. The rest needed to be trained hard.” The process of combat training in the Navy special forces is ongoing. The training program is intense and includes diving, airborne, navigation and topographical, mountain special, maritime, physical training, fire training (including proficiency with weapons of the armies of a potential enemy), mine demolition, hand-to-hand combat, the ability to survive in various theaters of military operations, knowledge of the armed forces of a potential enemy, radio business and much more, which cannot be avoided in modern warfare. Considerable time is devoted to studying actions under water: underwater penetration into enemy territory and evacuation into the water, orientation, observation in conditions of poor visibility, pursuit of the enemy and separation from pursuit, camouflage on the ground.
The acquired skills are developed during practical training. According to G. Zakharov, mortality during combat training was not a rare occurrence. If the MCI commander lost no more than two or three people a year, he was not punished, but simply verbally reprimanded. Although this does not mean that the Navy special forces did not care about human lives. On the contrary, instructions were developed in case of emergency situations, and the personnel memorized the procedure in such cases to the smallest detail. The first and second squads trained at various coastal facilities until all actions were perfected to perfection. The third detachment first of all learned to operate in an aggressive water environment. In Soviet times, underwater special forces were constantly involved in checking the security status of strategic facilities, anti-sabotage protection of ships and ground-based fleet facilities. As a rule, the “defending” side was given maximum data on the groups that would work (composition, object and time of action), however, the special forces regularly managed to penetrate objects and carry out training tasks. Sometimes it was necessary to resort to a military trick - to “surrender” one of the comrades, and while the “caught saboteur” was solemnly led to the unit headquarters, the main part of the group worked. One of the former naval special forces soldiers recalls on an online forum how a group during a training exercise entered a destroyer under the guise of inspectors; another time, the special forces entered the harbor in a UAZ, the license plate number of which and the driver were well known at the checkpoint; the author of the post himself once escorted “a comrade dressed in the uniform... of a police captain straight to the military unit commander’s office.” Even in conditions when the time and place of the attack were known, and several hundred people were waiting for the saboteurs in full combat readiness, the Special Forces groups managed to complete the task. If the group worked without warning, the result was even more predictable.
COMBAT USE OF NAVY SPECIAL FORCES
Almost all combat operations of Soviet and Russian naval special forces are secret; very little is known about them in the public domain. G. Zakharov, for example, claims that he did not have to fight. During the Cold War, Navy special forces performed tasks in the same places as other “military advisers” from the USSR: in Angola, Vietnam, Egypt, Mozambique, Nicaragua, Ethiopia and others countries, often at the request of their governments. In Angola and Nicaragua, swimmers guarded Soviet ships and advised local armed forces. When the war in Afghanistan began, many Navy special forces officers asked to be sent “for combat experience,” but the leadership did not respond to these requests. Instead, officers who had been in Afghanistan were sent to the Navy special forces units to impart combat experience. And really, what was the point of throwing people with diving training into the meat grinder, sending them on two-week raids in the mountains or desert, if the usual units of the GRU Airborne Forces and Special Forces were available? After the collapse of the USSR, everything changed. During the first war in Chechnya, a group of Russian troops had to be assembled “from around the world,” and apparently this explains the fact that naval special forces ended up in the “land” war. During the First Chechen Campaign, the personnel of the 431st Separate Marine Regiment acted as part of the 8th Company of the 879th Separate Division of the 336th Infantry Marine Corps of the Baltic Fleet, formed from sailors of the Leningrad naval base. The company was commanded by Captain 1st Rank V., a submariner by profession. The infantry officers of the Vyborg Antilanding Defense Regiment, who were supposed to go to war, refused to do so. The marine brigade of the Baltic Fleet at that time was in a state of collapse. The personnel of the 8th company were recruited from sailors of naval specialties, far from ground combat.
Under these conditions, due to the lack of full-time reconnaissance officers, reconnaissance support for the actions of the 8th company was entrusted to the 431st OMRP, whose fighters operated as part of the 1st (reconnaissance) platoon. By the way, captain of the first rank V. does not directly mention that it was Navy special forces that acted as part of the 8th company, but other sources and the very logic of events indicate this. In conditions where the company was formed with great difficulty from sailors who did not have infantry training, there was simply nowhere else to get trained scouts. The reconnaissance platoon was commanded by a Navy special forces officer, Guards. Art. Lieutenant Sergei Anatolyevich Stobetsky. The company was supposed to leave for Chechnya in January 1995, but due to organizational problems it was only transferred to Khankala on May 4. At this time, a truce was declared, during which the militants managed to regroup and “lick their wounds,” and on May 24 fighting resumed.
Federal troops launched an attack on the mountainous part of Chechnya, where militant detachments were hiding. The 8th company began to advance in the direction of Shali-Agishta-Makhketa-Vedeno. The 1st reconnaissance platoon acted in the vanguard, occupying key points, and behind it came platoons of marines with heavy equipment. Serious clashes with gangs began in the mountains. The company was forced to take positions and dig in. On the night of May 29-30, the positions of the 8th company came under fire from the Vasilek automatic mortar. The company suffered heavy immediate losses: six dead, twenty wounded. Among the dead was the commander of the reconnaissance platoon of Guards. Art. Lieutenant Stobetsky. It is often claimed that Navy special forces took part in the battles in Chechnya not in the first, but in the second campaign.
However, if the participation of naval special forces in the first Chechen war is confirmed by facts, and an officer was killed during the fighting, then there is nothing concrete about participation in the second. Rather, on the contrary, by this time the combat capability of the RF Armed Forces had increased compared to the deplorable state in which it was after the collapse of the Union, and there was no longer any point in sending naval special forces to the mountains. Also, special forces of the Russian Navy are sometimes credited with blowing up and sinking part of the Georgian ships in the port of Poti during the war in South Ossetia, but this is not so. Georgian ships were scuttled by scouts of the 45th separate guards regiment of the Special Forces of the Airborne Forces. This mission would be perfect for naval special forces. And the “ground” special forces carried it out, although successfully, but not in the most optimal way. The Georgian ships should have been sunk on the open sea, but since the airborne reconnaissance officers were not qualified to control the ships, they sank them at the piers.
Kunizhev Andrey
Home Social security Sports Military sports More details
Swimming with a gun
Competitions are held in artificial and natural pools. At the place where the starting jump is performed, the depth must be at least 1.2 m. The surface of the starting platform must be horizontal or with a slope of 7 degrees and non-slip. The height of the starting table should be no more than 0.75 cm from the water level.
Underwater shields must be smooth, without cracks, with a height of the above-water part of at least 0.3 m and the underwater part - 1.8 m. The pool path should be no narrower than 2.5 m each. They are separated from each other by ropes (cables) with floats with a diameter of no more than 10 cm. The tracks are numbered from right to left, when viewed from the start. To stop swimmers in case of an incorrect start, a cord is pulled above the water across the pool at a height of 1.5 m, at a distance of 15 m from the start, which is lowered into the water when it is necessary to return those who started back. The rotary shield in an open reservoir must be painted white.
The exercise is performed in military uniform clothes with weapons (AKM or AKS) or a model of a machine gun. The layout of the machine must correspond to the size and weight of at least 2 kg, and have negative buoyancy.
Dress:
- for military personnel of all categories of the Ground Forces, Air Defense Forces, Strategic Missile Forces, Airborne Forces and Marine Corps, contract sergeants and conscripts of the Air Force - field uniform, belt, machine gun (or model), combat boots (boots), for officers - boots;
- for Air Force officers - flight or technical overalls, belt, boots, machine gun (or mock-up);
- for naval personnel of all categories - standard work uniform, boots, belt, machine gun (or mock-up).
From the starting position on the starting stand or from the water (boots, shoes are removed and tucked into the waist belt in front or behind with the soles outward, the tops are bent towards the toes, the machine gun with a magazine fastened behind the back), at the command of the starter judge, participants must swim the distance in any way.
After swimming the distance, the senior judge at the finish checks each participant in the swim for uniforms, equipment and weapons. For each lost item of clothing or equipment, the completed rank is reduced by one category. In case of loss of a weapon, the participant’s result is not counted.
Lane numbers for participants are determined by drawing lots immediately before the start of the next swim. In some cases, it is allowed to draw lots in advance.
The starter, having checked the readiness of the timekeeper judges, gives the preliminary command “Participants to take their places” or a long whistle. According to this command, the participants take places on the starting table according to the draw. On the command “To start”, participants must immediately prepare for the start, taking a stationary position. Having made sure that the participants are ready to start, the starter gives the command “March”, while lowering the flag raised above his head.
If one or more participants begin to move or jump into the water before the signal (team) to start, then the start is considered incorrect (false start). All participants return and the start is repeated. If there is a repeated false start, any participant who violated the rule will be disqualified.
At the second start, the swim does not return. All participants swim the entire distance; the starter, by his decision with the consent of the chief judge, disqualifies those who, in his opinion, started prematurely. Their results are not counted.
The participant must swim the entire distance on the surface of the water. During the starting jump and turns, immersion under water is allowed. When performing turns and at the finish line, the participant must touch the turning board or the wall of the pool with his hand or any other part of the body.
A participant who finds himself in someone else's lane and interferes with another participant will be disqualified. The injured participant is given a new attempt on the same day, in which case the best time from two swims.
When passing the distance, participants are prohibited from pulling themselves up, grabbing walkways, handrails of stairs and other objects, or pushing off from them or from the bottom.
It is not allowed to carry out any leading actions (give instructions, accompany the athlete along the side of the pool, etc.) while passing the distance.
For violation of the rules of turns, finishing and passing the distance, participants are removed from the competition.
The end of the distance (finish) is recorded at the moment when the participant touches the rotating board or the wall of the pool with his hand.
The time of the participant who came first in his swim is recorded by three stopwatches and determined with an accuracy of 0.2 s. In case of discrepancies in the timekeepers' readings, the data of two stopwatches that recorded the same time are taken, or the readings of the average stopwatch if all three discrepancies are taken. The time of each of the other participants is recorded with a separate stopwatch.
If the stopwatch readings differ from the record of the order in which the participants arrived at the finish line, then personal places are determined according to the arrival. Results that are in doubt are established based on the readings of the stopwatches that determined the result of the participant who came to the finish line first.
The winner and occupied personal places are determined based on the results shown. If two or more participants finish the distance with the same time, they are given the same places for which they apply, and subsequent places do not move. For prize-winning places, a repeat swim is assigned.
11.6. Swimming in the Armed Forces
In system physical training For the Armed Forces, swimming, along with other sections, is an integral part of military training and education, aimed at developing physical and military-professional skills that increase the combat effectiveness of troops.
The main guiding document for teaching swimming to military personnel is the Manual on Physical Training of the Russian Army and Navy.
Swimming lessons, according to the Manual, are aimed at developing military skills applied swimming, jumping into the water, assisting a drowning person, overcoming water obstacles by swimming, to develop endurance and self-control.
The Manual reveals the objectives of training, the content and features of the organization of classes; the teaching methodology is given sports technology, military-applied and scuba diving, diving, diving and assisting a drowning person; The main commands and orders used in training are listed.
It describes in detail the methods of manufacturing and fastening supporting flotation devices, the technique of swimming in uniform with weapons, using individual life-saving equipment, with and without improvised objects; techniques for overcoming water obstacles; methods of swimming to a drowning person, freeing them from grips and transporting the victim on the water; artificial respiration techniques.
The Manual also contains safety requirements when conducting swimming lessons and provides instructions on organizing lessons and swimming at the water station (“Instructions for the water station attendant”, “Rules for using the water station”, “Responsibilities of the director of swimming lessons”).
Swimming lessons include: ■"■.:
swimming breaststroke, freestyle, in uniform with a model of a machine gun;
undressing in water; ~ and
diving in length and depth; ■ . ■
providing assistance to a drowning person; ■ .
diving; . "!
diving.
Conducting practical training sessions in swimming with military personnelemployees. Contents of swimming lessons for military personnel -
The different types of Armed Forces and branches of the military have their own characteristics.
missile forces Attention is drawn to the primary development of general endurance and development of reaction speed; Short distance swimming and diving are used. Of particular importance is mastering the skills of swimming and diving with various rotations.
During classes with staff motorized rifle units, chemical defense units Much attention is paid to mastering the methods of swimming in uniform with weapons; swimming using personal life-saving equipment, floats and items of equipment, uniforms and available material; learning how to cross by swimming; preferential development of general endurance when swimming over long distances and in uniform with weapons.
During classes with staff tank, automobile and otherengineering parts Attention is drawn to mastering the skills of long and deep diving, diving and scuba diving.
In classes with aviation personnel, the main means used are: freestyle and breaststroke swimming; swimming in set No. 1; diving, acrobatic exercises on water; swimming with rescue equipment.
During classes with staff landing units The main focus is on diving, the implementation of which requires determination and courage, spatial orientation and coordination of movements from those involved. Along with them, sports and scuba diving are used, which are an effective means of increasing resistance to motion sickness and oxygen starvation.
During classes with staff surface ships and submarinesboats apply swimming in uniform with the help of individual life-saving equipment, items of clothing and without them; undressing in water; diving in length and depth; performing simple work on and under water; training speed and endurance for long swimming, swimming and diving in set No. 1; swimming underwater; diving.
During classes with staff Marine Corps the content of the Manual on Physical Training is studied in full; Special attention turns to master swimming skills in uniform with weapons, actions on water and under water
milk; to primarily develop general endurance and speed in action, cultivate courage and determination, and maintain high performance during long sea passages.
To check the level of preparedness of military personnel, the following control standards are used: .... L
swimming 100m breaststroke or freestyle; performing starts and turns when swimming using these methods - for personnel of all branches of the Armed Forces, officers, cadets of military educational institutions;
swimming 100 m in uniform with a mock-up machine gun - for personnel of motorized rifle units, chemical defense units, marines, and airborne units;
long diving - for personnel of tank units, tank units of motorized rifle and engineering units, surface ships and submarines, and marine units;
swimming 100 m in uniform with stripping - for training personnel of surface ships and submarines, marine units;
jumping into water upside down from a 3-meter tower or trampoline - for personnel of surface ships And submarines, marine units;
jumping into the water upside down from a 3-meter tower or trampoline - for personnel of surface ships And submarines, marine units.
In addition to swimming training, the Armed Forces use such forms of swimming training as mass swimming, morning physical exercises with swimming, and military-applied swimming in the process of combat training.
Mass bathing of military personnel are organized and conducted by unit commanders in accordance with the Internal Service Charter and the order of the commander. According to safety rules, calculations and checks are carried out before and after swimming. The military personnel are divided into groups of those who can swim and those who cannot swim and receive assignments. The leader observes the swimmers and gives them appropriate instructions by voice or established signals.
Morning physical exercises with swimming. In the warm season, if conditions exist, the morning complex physical exercise swimming and bathing may be included. This version of physical exercise is used to improve the skills of sports and applied swimming, diving, development of speed and general
endurance, special and strong-willed qualities, health promotion and hardening of the body. The exercises are performed in the following sequence: walking, running, general developmental and special exercises to improve swimming technique, swimming exercises, running and walking.
Military applied swimming in the process of combat trainingness. When troop movements are as close as possible to combat conditions, the content of physical training includes the following actions and techniques:
preparation of improvised and supporting means for overcoming a water obstacle by swimming;
adjusting uniforms, equipment and weapons for swimming;
overcoming a water obstacle along a tightrope using a rope;
overcoming a water obstacle by swimming using available means;
crossing a water barrier for those who cannot swim;
overcoming a water obstacle by swimming using a duffel bag, protective stockings and a raincoat;
transportation of weapons and ammunition;
overcoming a water obstacle by swimming without improvised means or supports;
overcoming a water obstacle underwater;
methods of moving to the crossing, entering the water and exiting the water at different steepness of the banks;
diving into water with clothes and weapons;
swimming using personal flotation devices;
strip swimming in water;
The use of uniforms, equipment and equipment to facilitate swimming.
Sports work in swimming with Armed Forces personnelStrength Determined by the content of the Military Sports Complex, Military Sports and Unified Sports Classifications.
■For ship personnel, 400 m freestyle swimming or long diving are recommended as special exercises in the double event; for personnel of Marine Corps units and units of the Navy - 400 m freestyle swimming.
The Military Sports Classification provides for: swimming in uniform with weapons - with the assignment of III-I categories; diving from a platform (at least 3 m high), 100 m swimming and long diving; for these exercises III and II categories are assigned.
Acceptance of VSK standards and implementation of practical standards are carried out in competition conditions.
Classes sport swimming are held in accordance with the Unified Sports Classification. Sports work with personnel is organized during free time from classes, on weekends and holidays. During educational hours, at least 4-6 hours should be allocated for sports, 2-3 times a week.
Swimming training sessions are held:
in combined teams of military units and divisions - with the most trained swimmers;
in sports sections of a military unit - with athletes who want to improve the level of their swimming preparedness;
in units - with all military personnel in the combat training program, in the maintenance of the Military Sports Complex, in applied military sports.
For military personnel with sports ranks, with the permission of the relevant commanders (superiors), the number of swimming training sessions is: for category II athletes - at least 3 times a week; for category I athletes, candidates for master of sports and masters of sports - at least 4 times a week; for athletes who are members of national teams of military districts and branches of the Armed Forces - 5-6 times a week.
Test questions and assignments
What are the main documents used in swimming work in the Armed Forces?
What are the features of the content of swimming lessons at a time?personal branches of the Armed Forces?
How mass bathing of personnel in Armed Forces is carried outnyh Powers?
What actions and techniques of applied swimming are included incombat training of the Armed Forces?
5. How is it carried out? sports work swimming with personal trainingstaff of the Armed Forces?
Swimming and light diving training / Ed. ed. QuietlyvaA.M.- L.: Military Twice Red Banner Institute of Physicsskoy culture, 1983.
May 21, 2016 at 10:00 a.m. Olympic Park In the city of Sochi, a solemn ritual of taking the Military Oath will take place for recruits, members of Russian national teams in Olympic sports, selected for further service in CSKA sports companies.
About 200 athletes, representing 30 Olympic events sports, of which 19 are summers.
Military oath taking ceremony in Olympic Sochi raises the prestige of warrior-athletes, and service in sports companies is a unique opportunity to give back to the Motherland without interrupting training process. By taking the oath of office, recruits will commit themselves to fulfilling their constitutional and civic duty and continuing the tradition of the highest performance Army sports.
Many of those who will swear allegiance to their Fatherland on May 21 represent summer species sports and are included in the list of candidates for participation in the XXXI summer Olympic Games ah in Rio de Janeiro. Representatives of winter disciplines will have to defend the honor of our Motherland and the Armed Forces Russian Federation on III winter CISM World Military Games, which will be held from February 22 to 28, 2017 in Sochi. The Games program includes 7 sports. The decision to hold the III World Winter Games in Russia was made on May 22, 2015 in Kuwait at the 70th General Assembly of the International Council of Military Sports CISM. In total, about 4,000 athletes from 60 countries will take part in the Games. There will be 44 sets of awards in individual and team competitions.
According to established traditionwarrior's oath of allegiance to the Motherland recruits will give in the presence of famous CSKA athletes, including:
- lieutenant colonel Svetlana KHORKINA- double Olympic champion By artistic gymnastics, first deputy head of CSKA;
- lieutenant colonel Dmitriy SAUTIN- double Olympic champion diving coach sports team CSKA in swimming and diving;
- lieutenant colonel Svetlana ISHMURATOVA - two-time Olympic champion in biathlon, deputy head of CSKA for work with personnel;
- major Alexander ZUBKOV- two-time Olympic champion in bobsled, senior coach - head of the CSKA winter sports team.
- major VarteresSAMURGASHEV- Olympic champion in Greco-Roman wrestling, coach of the CSKA sports team in freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling.
- major Alexey MISHIN- Olympic champion in Greco-Roman wrestling, athlete-instructor of CSKA.
- captain Albert DEMCHENKO - three-time silver medalist of the Olympic Games in luge, coach of the CSKA sports team in winter sports;
- lieutenant Dmitry TRUNENKOV - Olympic bobsleigh champion , CSKA athlete-instructor.
11.6.
Swimming in the army (Armed Forces)
In the physical training system of the Armed Forces, swimming, along with other sections, is an integral part of military training and education, aimed at developing physical and military-professional skills that increase the combat effectiveness of troops.
The main guiding document for teaching swimming to military personnel is the Manual on Physical Training of the Russian Army and Navy.
Swimming classes, according to the Manual, are aimed at developing the skills of military-applied swimming, diving, assisting a drowning person, overcoming water obstacles by swimming, and developing endurance and self-control.
The Manual reveals the objectives of training, the content and features of the organization of classes; provides a methodology for teaching sports, military-applied and scuba diving, diving, diving and assisting a drowning person; The main commands and orders used in training are listed.
It describes in detail the methods of manufacturing and fastening supporting flotation devices, the technique of swimming in uniform with weapons, using individual life-saving equipment, with and without improvised objects; techniques for overcoming water obstacles; methods of swimming to a drowning person, freeing them from grips and transporting the victim on the water; artificial respiration techniques.
The Manual also contains safety requirements when conducting swimming lessons and provides instructions on organizing lessons and swimming at the water station (“Instructions for the water station attendant”, “Rules for using the water station”, “Responsibilities of the director of swimming lessons”).
Swimming lessons include:
swimming breaststroke, freestyle, in uniform with a model of a machine gun;
undressing in water and
diving in length and depth;
providing assistance to a drowning person.
diving;
diving.
Conducting practical training sessions in swimming with military personnel. Contents of swimming lessons for military personnel -
The different branches of the Armed Forces and branches of the military have their own characteristics.
During classes with staff missile forces Attention is drawn to the primary development of general endurance and development of reaction speed; Short distance swimming and diving are used. Of particular importance is mastering the skills of swimming and diving with various rotations.
In classes with personnel of motorized rifle units and chemical defense units, much attention is paid to mastering the methods of swimming in uniform with weapons; swimming using personal life-saving equipment, floats and items of equipment, uniforms and available material; learning how to cross by swimming; preferential development of general endurance when swimming over long distances and in uniform with weapons.
In classes with personnel of tank, automobile and engineering units, attention is paid to mastering the skills of long and deep diving, diving and scuba diving.
In classes with aviation personnel, the main means used are: freestyle and breaststroke swimming; swimming in set No. 1; diving, acrobatic exercises on water; swimming with rescue equipment.
In classes with personnel of airborne units, the main attention is paid to diving, the implementation of which requires determination and courage, spatial orientation and coordination of movements from the students. Along with them, sports and scuba diving are used, which are an effective means of increasing resistance to motion sickness and oxygen starvation.
In classes with personnel of surface ships and submarines, swimming is used in uniform with the help of individual life-saving equipment, items of clothing and without them; undressing in water; diving in length and depth; performing simple work on and under water; training speed and endurance for long swimming, swimming and diving in set No. 1; swimming underwater; diving.
In classes with Marine Corps personnel, the content of the Physical Training Manual is studied in full; special attention is paid to mastering the skills of swimming in uniform with weapons, actions on the water and under water
Doy; to primarily develop general endurance and speed in action, cultivate courage and determination, and maintain high performance during long sea passages.
To check the level of preparedness of military personnel, the following control standards are used:
-swimming 100m breaststroke or freestyle; performing starts and turns when swimming using these methods - for personnel of all branches of the Armed Forces, officers, cadets of military educational institutions;
-swimming 100 m in uniform with a mock-up machine gun - for personnel of motorized rifle units, chemical defense units, marines, and airborne units;
- long diving - for personnel of tank units, tank units of motorized rifle and engineering units, surface ships and submarines, marine units;
-swimming 100 m in uniform with stripping - for training personnel of surface ships and submarines, marine units;
- jumping into the water upside down from a 3-meter tower or springboard - for personnel of surface ships and submarines, marine units;
- jumping into water upside down from a 3-meter tower or springboard - for personnel of surface ships and submarines, and marine units.
In addition to swimming training, the Armed Forces use such forms of swimming training as mass swimming, morning physical exercises with swimming, and military-applied swimming in the process of combat training.
Mass bathing of military personnel is organized and conducted by unit commanders in accordance with the Internal Service Charter and the order of the commander. According to safety rules, calculations and checks are carried out before and after swimming. The military personnel are divided into groups of those who can swim and those who cannot swim and receive assignments. The leader observes the swimmers and gives them appropriate instructions by voice or established signals.
Morning physical exercises with swimming. In the warm season, if conditions exist, the complex of morning physical exercises may include swimming and bathing. This version of physical exercise is used to improve the skills of sports and applied swimming, diving, development of speed and general
Endurance, special and strong-willed qualities, strengthening health and hardening the body. The exercises are performed in the following sequence: walking, running, general developmental and special exercises to improve swimming technique, swimming exercises, running and walking.
Military applied swimming in the process of combat training activities. When troop movements are as close as possible to combat conditions, the content of physical training includes the following actions and techniques:
-preparation of available and supporting means to overcome water obstacles by swimming;
- adjustment of uniforms, equipment and weapons for swimming;
- overcoming a water obstacle along a tightrope using a rope;
- overcoming a water obstacle by swimming using improvised means;
-crossing a water barrier for those who cannot swim;
- overcoming a water obstacle by swimming using a duffel bag, protective stockings and a raincoat;
-transportation of weapons and ammunition;
- overcoming a water obstacle by swimming without improvised or supporting means;
-overcoming a water obstacle underwater;
-methods of advancing to the crossing, entering the water and exiting the water at different steepness of the banks;
-jumping into water with clothes and weapons;
-swimming using personal flotation devices;
-swimming with stripping in water;
- use of uniforms, equipment and equipment to facilitate swimming.
Sports work in swimming with personnel of the Armed Forces. Determined by the content of the Military Sports Complex, Military Sports and Unified Sports Classifications.
The contents of the Military Sports Complex include: swimming 100 m breaststroke, freestyle, in uniform with a model of a machine gun. These exercises are included in the military pentathlon.
For ship personnel, 400 m freestyle swimming or long diving are recommended as special exercises in the double event; for personnel of Marine Corps units and units of the Navy - 400 m freestyle swimming.
The Military Sports Classification provides for: swimming in uniform with weapons - with the assignment of III-I categories; diving from a platform (at least 3 m high), 100 m swimming and long diving; for these exercises III and II categories are assigned.
Acceptance of VSK standards and implementation of practical standards are carried out in competition conditions.
Sports swimming classes are conducted in accordance with the Unified Sports Classification. Sports work with personnel is organized during free time from classes, on weekends and holidays. During educational hours, at least 4-6 hours should be allocated for sports, 2-3 times a week.
Swimming training sessions are held:
- in combined teams of a military unit and unit - with the most trained swimmers;
- in sports sections of a military unit - with athletes who want to increase the level of their swimming readiness;
- in units - with all military personnel according to the combat training program, the content of the Military Sports Complex, and military-applied sports.
For military personnel with sports categories, with the permission of the relevant commanders (chiefs), the number of swimming training sessions is: for category II athletes - at least 3 times a week; for category I athletes, candidates for master of sports and masters of sports - at least 4 times a week; for athletes who are members of national teams of military districts and branches of the Armed Forces - 5-6 times a week.
Test questions and assignments
1. What are the main documents used in swimming work in the Armed Forces?
2. What are the features of the content of swimming lessons in various branches of the Armed Forces?
3. How are mass bathings of personnel carried out in the Armed Forces?
4. What actions and techniques of applied swimming are included in the combat training of the Armed Forces?
5. How is sports work in swimming carried out with personnel of the Armed Forces?
Recommended reading
Swimming and light diving training / Ed. ed. Tikhonova A.M. - L.: Military Twice Red Banner Institute of Physical Culture, 1983.
