What is a counter fight. Book oncoming fight read online

MILITARY TACTICS

1.1 General

Military tactics - an integral part of military art, including the theory and practice of preparing and conducting combat by formations, units (ships) and subunits various kinds Armed forces, military branches on land, in the air and at sea. The military-theoretical discipline "Tactics" covers the study, development, preparation and conduct of all types of combat operations: offensive, defense, oncoming combat, tactical maneuver, etc.

Influenced by the changing modes of warfare brought about by the adoption of nuclear weapons and advanced conventional weapons, the interrelationship and interdependence between strategy, operational art and tactics are becoming ever more multifaceted and dynamic. Tactical nuclear weapons allow the tactical command to exercise a certain independence in choosing methods of conducting combat operations and achieve faster successes that determine the achievement of operational results.

The main tasks of tactics are:

study of the regularities, nature and content of the battle, development of methods for its preparation and conduct, determination of the most effective ways the use of means of destruction and protection in combat;
study of the combat properties and capabilities of subunits, determination of their tasks and battle formations in the conduct of hostilities and methods of organizing interaction between them;
study of the role of fire, strikes and maneuver in combat;
study of the forces and means of the enemy and his methods of combat.

Each type of armed forces, type of troops and type of special troops, as well as the military rear, have their own tactics. General laws and regulations for the preparation and conduct of combat by formations, units and subunits of all types of the Armed Forces form the basis of the general theory of tactics. Exploring the diverse conditions of combat, tactics do not provide ready-made recipes. It develops only the main, most important provisions and rules, following which the commander makes an independent decision.

Changes in tactics and its development are associated with the invention of new types of weapons and military equipment, training and degree general development troops, the development of strategy and operational art, the organization of troops. People and military equipment. It is tactics that are the most changing part of the art of war.

The tactics of the ground forces cover the preparation and conduct of combined arms combat, the success of which is achieved by the joint efforts of all branches of the ground forces and special forces. Tactics determines the role and place of each type of troops in combat and, proceeding from combat properties and capabilities, establishes the order and methods of their combat use.

1.2 Brief history

The development of tactics went from the simplest methods of action on the battlefield to more complex ones. Already the commanders of antiquity, in the course of preparing and waging wars, developed and improved the methods of waging combat.

At an early stage in the development of a slave-owning society, combat was reduced to a rectilinear movement and hand-to-hand combat of warriors armed with edged weapons. The qualitative improvement of weapons, the organization of troops and the training of soldiers led to the emergence of more advanced battle formations and a corresponding change in tactics.

In the ancient Greek army, a phalanx arose - a dense and deep formation of heavy infantry, which delivered a strong initial blow, but was clumsy and incapable of maneuvering on the battlefield. The Greek commander Epaminondas in the battle of Leuctra initiated the application of the tactical principle of uneven disposition of troops along the front in order to concentrate forces for delivering the main blow in a decisive direction. This principle was further developed in the army of A. Macedonian. The commander Hannibal in the battle of Cannae for the first time struck not on one flank, like Epaminondas or A. Macedon, but on two, achieving encirclement and almost complete destruction of the larger Roman army.

Under the slave system, tactics reached their greatest development in the army. ancient rome. The Roman army shifted from a stagnant phalanx to a more manipulative, manipulative tactic. The legion in battle was divided into 30 tactical units - maniple. At the end of II - beginning of I centuries. BC. manipulative tactics were replaced by cohort ones. A cohort of three maniples became a stronger tactical unit, although somewhat less maneuverable than a maniple. Lightweight throwing machines (ballistas, catapults) began to play a significant role in the field battle. Cohort tactics were further developed under G.Yu.Caesar. The Roman military theorist F.R. Vegetius summarized the experience of the Roman army and developed a variety of battle formations and various ways conducting combat.

In the era of feudalism, until the completion of the revolution in military affairs (XVI century), caused by the development of firearms, the theory and practice of tactics developed slowly. During the period of formation and victory of capitalist relations, linear tactics became widespread, associated with equipping the army with firearms, including artillery, and increasing the role of fire in battle, as well as recruiting hired soldiers for the army. According to this tactical scheme, the troops were deployed to fight in a line. The outcome of the battle was decided by a frontal collision and the power of rifle and artillery fire.

Russian commanders of the 18th century - Peter I, P.A. Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky, adhering mainly to linear tactics, sought out new ways of fighting. Peter I created a reserve in a linear order of battle and introduced a deeper formation, which contributed to the victory of the Russian troops over the troops of Charles XII near Poltava. Rumyantsev began to use loose formation and square. A.V. Suvorov, along with linear battle formations, used squares, columns, loose formations and combinations of various formations.

By the end of the XVIII century. linear tactics have exhausted their possibilities. The French, Russian and other armies switched to a new tactic based on a combination of columns and loose formation. This tactic was characterized by activity, decisive action and maneuverability of the troops, the initiative of the commanders, the interaction of the combat arms, and the dismemberment of battle formations along the front and in depth. The troops in loose formation prepared the battle with fire, and the troops, built in columns, dealt the decisive blow. In the improvement of new methods of warfare in the late XVIII - early XIX centuries. Napoleon I and M.I. Kutuzov made a great contribution.

Further development of tactics is associated with the introduction into the troops in the 2nd half of the 19th century. rifled weapons, which had a higher rate of fire, range and accuracy compared to the smoothbore. The experience of military operations showed that the use of columns on the battlefield became impossible, since they suffered heavy losses from aimed artillery and small arms fire even during the period of rapprochement with the enemy. Therefore, during the Crimean, Franco-Prussian and Russian-Turkish wars, the transition to rifle chains was basically completed. In the offensive, the infantry began to use dashes, crawls and self-digging, to combine fire, maneuver and strike. In defense, engineering equipment of the terrain began to be widely used, field and long-term defense was significantly developed, especially during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05.

In the 1st World War 1914-18. the increased saturation of armies with rapid-firing artillery and automatic weapons, the emergence of new means of combat (tanks, aircraft), and a sharp increase in the size of armies created the prerequisites for the further development of tactics. The creation of defensive positions echeloned in depth, the widespread use of trenches, communication passages, engineering barriers and the use of various types of weapons made the defense more and more powerful in comparison with the forces and means of the attacking side, which led to the transition to a positional form of struggle.

Beginning in 1915, the main problem of tactics was to break through the positional front. To this end, they began to create several echelons of shooting chains - "waves". The advancing side tried to destroy the enemy defenses and pave the way for the infantry with massive artillery fire. For this purpose, multi-day artillery preparation was used, but even it did not ensure the suppression of firing points throughout the entire depth of defense.

In 1918, the warring parties abandoned the use of "waves" and chains and switched to group tactics, which was the division of rifle chains into small infantry groups (squad, platoon), reinforced with light machine guns, rifle grenade launchers and flamethrowers, which made it possible to better use the capabilities of the infantry . The appearance in 1916 of escort tanks and artillery increased the fire and strike power of the advancing troops. The offensive was carried out methodically according to the principle: artillery destroys, infantry occupies. The infantry advanced in narrow lanes.

The tactics of the Soviet ground forces began to take shape during the Civil War of 1918-20. The tactics of the Soviet troops received comprehensive development during the Great Patriotic War.

1.3 The current stage of development of tactics

In the post-war period, the introduction of nuclear missile weapons with enormous destructive capabilities into the troops, electronics, various types of the latest conventional weapons and military equipment, and the full motorization of the ground forces immeasurably increased their combat capabilities, changed the nature and methods of conducting combined arms combat.

The main provisions of the tactics of modern ground forces follow from the general principles of military art.

Modern means of combat have had a decisive influence on changing the content of combined arms combat. It is believed that in the case of the use of nuclear weapons, the main content of combined arms combat will be nuclear and fire strikes in combination with maneuvers and attacks by troops.

The massive introduction of infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers, self-propelled artillery and other military equipment into service with motorized rifle troops makes it possible to sharply increase the pace of the offensive. Motorized rifle units were able to attack without dismounting together with tanks. As a result of the saturation of troops with helicopters, the widespread use of airborne assault forces, aviation, and also the maneuvering of troops in the air, combined arms combat acquired a ground-air character.

The modern tactics of the offensive of the ground forces are:

in reliable fire suppression of the enemy's defense throughout its entire depth, transition of formations and units to the offensive on the move from areas far removed from the forward edge of the enemy's defense;
in carrying out swift attacks of motorized rifle and tank troops;
in a quick breakthrough of the enemy's tactical defense and the development of an offensive in its depth.

The methods of preparing and conducting a defensive battle have also changed significantly.

PART 2. THE BATTLE.

Combat - organized armed struggle of subunits, units and formations of the belligerents. Combat can be fought on land, in the air and at sea. The art of combat belongs to the field of tactics, in contrast to operations, which belong to the field of operational art and strategy. The purpose of a ground battle is to defeat the opposing tactical grouping of the enemy and capture (hold) important areas (lines) of the terrain.

Basic Principles modern combat are:

interaction of units and subdivisions of various types of troops and types of the Armed Forces;
suddenness of hostilities;
activity and perseverance in achieving the goal;
skillful creation of a grouping of forces and means for conducting combat operations;
comprehensive combat support.

Depending on the goals and methods of achieving them by troops, combat actions are classified according to the types of combat, which include meeting engagement, offensive, withdrawal, and defense.

Air and sea battles take place under different conditions than land battles, and have their own special methods of conducting.

PART 3 BASIS OF COUNTER COMBAT.

3.1 General information.

A meeting battle is a kind of offensive battle in which both sides strive to complete the task by attacking. Troops in a meeting engagement have the goal of defeating the advancing enemy within a certain timeframe, seizing the initiative and creating favorable conditions for further actions.

Equipping the troops with nuclear, highly effective conventional weapons, a variety of military equipment and, as a result, increased firepower, striking power and mobility of formations, units and subunits have significantly increased the offensive capabilities of the parties. Therefore, in modern conditions, the probability of the occurrence of a meeting engagement, its role in the system of combat operations, is especially high. A meeting engagement can occur during a march, in the offensive and defense.

In the course of a march, a meeting engagement may take place during the movement of troops on a march near the line of contact between the parties. The most likely encounter battle from the march, as military history testifies, is in the initial period of the war. During this period, both sides seek to seize and hold the initiative, to achieve immediate strategic goals as quickly as possible.

Before the start of the war, the main groupings of the troops of the parties are at a certain distance from each other, and their clash is preceded by the advancement of units and formations on the march from their places of permanent deployment, areas of concentration, exercises and combat alert gatherings. Naturally, in such a situation, when both sides are moving with the same resolute goal of crushing the enemy by offensive actions, conditions are created for the outbreak of numerous oncoming battles.

Not only units and formations of the first echelon, but also those moving out from the depths to build up efforts, develop success, or repel enemy blows, can enter into a meeting battle from the march. Consequently, in the initial period of the war, a meeting engagement with the deployment of troops from marching columns becomes the most characteristic type of offensive operations by troops.

On the offensive, meeting engagements can occur when counterattacks and counterattacks are repulsed, when success is exploited, when enemy troops advance to close gaps or occupy important lines, in the course of pursuit and other maneuvering operations in depth.

When a meeting engagement occurs within the enemy's tactical defense zone, the advancing troops will most often act in combat or pre-combat formation. This will make it easier for them to engage in oncoming combat. However, enemy reserves in this case are used, as a rule, according to previously developed options, advanced along prepared routes, deployed at pre-selected and equipped lines, and strikes in well-studied directions. This will require the commander, while preparing an offensive, to foresee the possibility of a meeting engagement and take appropriate measures, and in the course of conducting it, strive to overcome the resistance of the defending troops as quickly as possible, preempt advancing enemy reserves in capturing advantageous lines, disrupt their deployment and organized entry into battle. .

In defense, a meeting engagement is possible during counterattacks and counterattacks, during operations against air and sea landings, as well as when subunits and units are advanced to close the gaps formed in the combat formation of troops, or to occupy tactically important lines and objects.

Despite the variety of conditions for the occurrence of a meeting engagement, its essence - the simultaneous desire of the parties to solve problems by offensive actions - remains unchanged. This makes it possible to determine the characteristic features of a meeting engagement and the main conditions for achieving success in its conduct.

The characteristic features of modern oncoming combat are:

limited time for its organization;
rapid rapprochement of the parties and their entry into battle on the move;
intense struggle for gaining time;
capture and retention of the initiative;
abrupt and frequent changes in the situation;
deployment of actions on a broad front and in great depth, their transience;
the presence of open flanks and gaps allowing freedom of maneuver.

To successfully conduct a meeting battle, it is necessary to creatively apply general principles modern combined arms combat, to skillfully use great firepower, high maneuverability, mobility and striking force troops. At the same time, as combat experience shows, the outcome of a meeting engagement is seriously influenced by factors determined by the nature of this engagement. They must be fully taken into account when organizing and conducting a meeting engagement.

In a meeting engagement, both sides seek to solve their problems by offensive and engage in battle on the move, so one of the most important conditions for achieving success is constant active reconnaissance of the enemy in order to obtain reliable information about him. troops, not knowledgeable positions, forces and intentions of the enemy, can be attacked from any direction, their actions become spontaneous, unorganized, they lose the initiative and, as a result, are defeated.

Reconnaissance must timely detect the advancing enemy, reveal his grouping, plan and constantly monitor all his actions. Timely detection of the enemy and the establishment of continuous surveillance of him allow the commander to correctly assess the situation and make an informed decision, as well as foresee probable changes in the situation in the course of combat operations.

The commander receives information about the enemy from his reconnaissance and the reconnaissance bodies of the senior commander (chief) operating in front, from security units, the forward detachment, as well as directly from reconnaissance and combat aircraft and helicopters, from airborne assault forces, neighbors and the senior commander (chief). The commander's personal observation of the enemy is also of great importance, especially during the conduct of battle by marching guards.

Units and subunits enter the oncoming battle on the move. They will not have time to rebuild and redistribute reinforcements with the start of the battle. Therefore, in order to achieve success in a meeting engagement, the commander must create the necessary grouping of forces and means in advance, based on the concept of the upcoming engagement.

On the march, in anticipation of a meeting battle, it is important to correctly determine the composition and removal of the head outpost, the vanguard, the forward detachment, as well as the places of artillery and anti-aircraft subunits in the column of the main forces.

One of the important conditions for achieving success in a meeting engagement is the timely adoption of a decision and the communication of combat missions to subordinate subunits, because the time factor is of paramount importance in a meeting engagement. The slightest delay in making a decision and bringing combat missions to the attention of the troops entails a loss of initiative, a delay in delivering fire strikes, deploying units and going over to the attack, and ultimately to defeat. At the same time, the speed of decision-making should not go to the detriment of its tactical expediency.

Success in a meeting engagement also depends on the rapid implementation of a maneuver to capture an advantageous line; preempting the enemy in fire and nuclear engagement, deployment and transition to the attack; inflicting sudden and hard hit, as a rule, in the flank and rear.

Advantageous for the deployment of troops can be a line that dominates the area, providing effective application all types of troops and types of military equipment, especially tanks, infantry fighting vehicles, armored personnel carriers, ATGM installations and artillery, which has hidden approaches and ways for the advancement of troops, their rapid deployment and strike at the flank and rear of the enemy.

In capturing an advantageous line that provides favorable conditions for the deployment and entry into battle of the main forces, a large role belongs to forward detachments, vanguards, and tactical airborne assault forces. In order for forward detachments and vanguards to be able to successfully carry out the tasks assigned to them, tank subunits are primarily assigned to their composition.

In modern conditions, the importance of preempting the enemy in a fire engagement has sharply increased. By preempting the enemy in a fire strike, and in the conduct of hostilities with the use of nuclear weapons and in delivering nuclear strikes, the initiative is seized and important tactical advantages are achieved.

Along with preempting the enemy in delivering nuclear and fire strikes, it is also important to preempt him in deploying the main forces and going over to the attack. The importance of this condition for achieving success in a meeting engagement is confirmed by the experience of many meeting engagements conducted in past wars, and is emphasized in the manuals of many modern armies.

Also of great importance is the prohibition of the organized advance of the enemy grouping.

Achieving success in a meeting engagement is impossible without seizing the initiative and holding it in the course of the engagement. This is achieved by high activity and decisiveness in the actions of the troops, their mobility, efficiency in the work of commanders and staffs, the manifestation of creativity, and preemption of the enemy in actions.

The presence of open flanks and gaps between subunits and units in a meeting engagement gives the enemy the opportunity to carry out wide maneuvers in order to deliver sudden and strong blows to the flanks and rear. Therefore, securing the flanks and rear becomes especially important for success in a meeting engagement. This is achieved by continuous reconnaissance on the flanks, timely detection of the enemy's preparation for a strike on the flank and the adoption of measures to exclude such a possibility, the location of reserves and anti-tank weapons closer to the flanks, and the rapid organization of counteraction to the enemy in the event of a strike.

3.2 Combat missions of troops.

Due to the incompleteness of data on the enemy, the rapid change in his position during the approach, the absence by the time the combat missions of his grouping were determined in the area where it is supposed to conduct an oncoming battle, motorized rifle and tank subunits in the oncoming battle are assigned only the immediate task and the direction of further offensive is indicated . The specific content of a combat mission is determined in each battle, taking into account the factors listed above.

3.3 order of battle.

The combat formation of troops for conducting a meeting engagement is built in accordance with the assigned combat mission, the commander's plan for a meeting engagement, and must ensure the delivery of a strong initial blow and the development of the success achieved.

To ensure a powerful initial strike against the enemy, it is advantageous to build the battle order of combined arms subunits (units) in one echelon with a strong reserve allocated.

It is expedient to use the greatest part of the forces and means of the first echelon, especially tank subunits and the main forces of motorized rifle subunits, in the main direction in order to strike at the flank or rear of the enemy, dismember him and destroy him in parts. To pin down the main enemy forces from the front, only a part of the units, primarily motorized rifle units, are used.

In a meeting engagement, it is especially important that units and subunits of the first echelon have tactical independence. For this, SMEs, in anticipation of a counter

collisions with the enemy on the march may be given to an artillery battalion or battery, an anti-aircraft battery (platoon), an anti-tank battery (platoon), units of engineering and chemical troops. TB can be reinforced by motorized rifle units, and SMEs by tank units.

The reserve is intended to build up efforts in the main direction, to defeat the reserves that are moving forward to engage in battle, and to solve problems that suddenly arise in the course of a meeting engagement. In a battalion, a reserve is usually created by a force of up to a company. Combat missions are assigned to him immediately before entering the battle.

The most important tasks of artillery are to support the battle of the forward detachment and the vanguard (head marching outpost), the destruction of identified nuclear and chemical attack weapons, artillery and mortar batteries, anti-tank weapons, command posts, air defense systems, electronic warfare facilities, the destruction of suitable enemy columns, the disruption of their organized deployment and attacks, ensuring the deployment of their main forces, fire (artillery) preparation and support for their attack, escort of the offensive, covering the flanks.

The grouping of air defense forces and means is created in such a way as to provide reliable cover for troops, primarily in the main direction, from attacks by aircraft and helicopters of enemy fire support from any direction and from different heights.

The forward detachment is created and sent out in advance, usually on the march in anticipation of a meeting engagement or in the course of an offensive. It is entrusted with the task of preempting the enemy in capturing a profitable line and holding this line until the approach of the main forces.

PART 4. ORGANIZATION OF THE ENCOUNTER BATTLE.

Taking into account the conditions for the emergence of a meeting engagement and the factors on which the achievement of success in a meeting engagement depends, its preparation is carried out.

The organization of a meeting engagement includes decision-making, setting combat missions for subunits, organization of interaction, fire engagement of the enemy, air defense, all-round combat support, and control of the readiness of subunits to perform combat missions.

Advance work on the preparation of a meeting engagement contributes to its immediate organization in a short time.

The commander makes a decision on a meeting engagement on the basis of a task received from the senior commander (chief), or on his own initiative, on the basis of air, ground reconnaissance and combat data of the advanced detachment, vanguard (head marching outpost).

Having received the task of defeating the enemy in a meeting engagement, the commander puts it on his working map, clarifies the task and assesses the situation.

When assessing the situation, the commander first of all determines the forces and composition of the advancing enemy, the probable line and time of meeting with him, the direction of his actions, the conditions for maneuver, advantageous lines of deployment, the line of transition to the attack, routes and time to reach them, the direction of the offensive of the main forces .

The decision to defeat an advancing enemy in a meeting engagement is usually made by the battalion commander on the move along the map, with the engagement of the battle by the head marching outpost or with the receipt of a combat mission.

In the plan for a meeting engagement, the directions of concentration of the main efforts, the type of maneuver, and the sequence of destruction of the advancing enemy are determined; the order of fire engagement of the enemy during the period of his advance and during deployment for combat; order of battle and the procedure for the use of regular and attached forces and means.

Having made a decision, the commander assigns combat missions to subunits by issuing a combat order or combat order.

When setting tasks for subunits, the combat order usually indicates:

1) head marching outpost - composition, route of movement, which line and by what time to capture and hold to ensure the deployment of the main forces, as well as the procedure for the start of their attack;

2) regular and attached artillery subunits - tasks to support the battle of the head marching outpost and the main forces, areas of firing positions and the time of readiness to open fire, signals of fire, transfer and ceasefire, the order of movement during the battle;

3) MCP (TR) - combat mission, line of transition to the attack, route to reach it, time and direction of attack, order of interaction;

4) to the reserve - the composition, direction and order of movement during the battle;

5) to other subunits - the tasks of covering and providing subunits of the main forces during the advancement, deployment and during the battle, the place in the battle order, the order of movement during the battle.

ABOUT decision and given orders, the commander immediately reports to the senior commander.

A meeting engagement is a type of offensive engagement in which both sides seek to accomplish their objectives by attacking. It aims to defeat the advancing enemy in a short time, seize the initiative and create favorable conditions for further actions.

A meeting engagement is possible during a march, in defense - when conducting counterattacks and delivering counterattacks, when destroying air and sea landings, and in an offensive - when repelling counterattacks and counterattacks, when colliding with enemy reserves moving forward to occupy advantageous lines.

A meeting engagement is characterized by: a sharp change in the situation and the transience of hostilities, the rapid rapprochement of the parties and their entry into battle on the move; a tense struggle to gain time, seize and hold the initiative, and create fire superiority over the enemy; the presence of significant gaps between parts and open flanks, allowing freedom of maneuver.

Success in a meeting engagement is achieved by: conducting continuous reconnaissance on a broad front and to great depths in order to obtain data on an advancing enemy; preempting the enemy in delivering fire strikes, in capturing and holding by advanced detachments (vanguards) of advantageous lines; inflicting a preemptive strong blow by the main forces, together with decisive actions by forward, outflanking, raid detachments, tactical airborne assault forces in order to dismember the enemy’s battle formation and destroy him piecemeal; maintaining the initiative during the entire battle, extensive use of engineering obstacles, reliable support of the flanks and rear, effective combat against enemy airborne assault forces and airmobile groups; firm and continuous command and maintenance of close interaction between units (subunits in combat).

A regiment operating in a forward detachment or in a separate direction in a meeting engagement strikes with its main forces, as a rule, at the flank and rear of the main enemy grouping, pinning it down with part of its forces from the front. In those cases when the enemy is reliably suppressed by fire, and also when the maneuver of subunits to the flank and rear is difficult or requires a long time, the regiment can strike from the front.

The regiment in the oncoming battle is indicated the immediate task and the direction of the continuation of the offensive.

The immediate task of a regiment advancing in the direction of the main attack of the division may be to defeat the main forces of the brigade (regiment) of the first echelon of the opposing enemy division in its direction and to capture the line, providing favorable conditions for the destruction of suitable reserves and the development of the offensive.

The immediate task of a regiment operating in a fettering direction (from the front) is to capture an advantageous line that provides the main forces of the division with conditions for maneuver, deployment and striking at the flank and rear of the main enemy grouping; inflicting defeat on the advancing enemy by fire of all means and preventing his attack on the flank and rear of the main forces of the division. With the transition of the main forces to the attack, a new task was assigned to the regiment and the direction of the continuation of the offensive was indicated.

The order of battle of a regiment in a meeting engagement must ensure that a strong initial strike is delivered. It is built, as a rule, in one echelon with the allocation of a strong combined arms reserve.

A tank regiment (a separate tank battalion) and a motorized rifle regiment on infantry fighting vehicles are used, as a rule, in the main direction to strike on the incoming flank or along the shortest direction in order to dismember and destroy the enemy in parts.

A motorized rifle regiment of a tank division (a motorized rifle regiment on vehicles of a motorized rifle division) is usually used in a holding direction or for joint operations with tank regiments in the direction of the main attack.

The tank battalion of a motorized rifle regiment, as a rule, is attached to a company of motorized rifle battalions. Sometimes he can act in full force in the direction of the main attack.

The motorized rifle battalion of a tank regiment is usually attached to tank battalions or may operate in full strength in the vanguard (vanguard) of the regiment.

On the day the enemy is preempted from deploying and striking, reconnaissance of all types must reveal in a timely manner: the composition of the enemy, the deployment sites (coordinates) of nuclear and chemical attack weapons, precision weapons systems, and their readiness to strike; grounds (airfields) for basing army aviation; the direction of movement of the enemy's main forces, the time they pass through certain lines and the beginning of deployment; the nature of the terrain in the area of the forthcoming encounter battle, as well as the approach of enemy reserves from the depths.

The defeat of the enemy in order to disrupt his advance and an organized entry into battle, as well as to create conditions for defeating in parts, begins with preemptive fire strikes at maximum ranges. As the sides draw closer, the impact on the enemy increases.

The meeting engagement of the regiment begins, as a rule, with the engagement of the advanced detachment or vanguard, whose actions are supported by air strikes and artillery fire of the main forces, the landing of tactical airborne assault forces on the path of the enemy advance and the destruction of his airborne assault forces, airmobile and sabotage and reconnaissance groups. Sometimes, in the course of developing an offensive, a regiment may begin a meeting engagement with the enemy, inflicting a counterattack (carrying out a counterattack), by fighting units of the first echelon.

The forward detachment swiftly captures the line assigned to it, defeats the opposing enemy with fire by all means, ensures the advancement and deployment of the main forces and does not allow the enemy to hit the flank and rear. Subsequently, he acts in accordance with the assigned task, usually in the first echelon of the regiment. If the enemy preempted the advance detachment in reaching the designated line, then the advance detachment quickly went out to strike at the enemy's flank, rapidly deployed, boldly attacked him and carried out the assigned task.

In the event that it was not possible to capture the designated line, the forward detachment actively restrains the enemy at other advantageous lines, ensuring the advancement and maneuver of the main forces to strike at the flank and rear of the enemy.

When a tactical airborne assault is landed in the forward detachment's area of operations, the commander of the forward detachment takes measures to link up with it as soon as possible and carry out the assigned task by decisive joint actions.

The vanguards of the head regiments (the vanguard of the regiment) with a swift attack on the move destroy the enemy's marching guards, break through to his main forces and fetter them with bold decisive actions, ensuring maneuver and deployment of the main forces of the regiment, and also cover their flanks from enemy attacks. If the enemy preempted the advance guard in deployment with superior forces, they, having taken an advantageous line, pinned down the enemy with fire by all means and ensured the deployment of the main forces.

With the start of the battle by the vanguard or vanguard, the regiment commander immediately moves forward, based on the results of the battle of the vanguard or vanguard, personal observations and intelligence data, he refines his decision, brings the specified tasks to the units, and, if necessary, the order of interaction.

The rapprochement with the enemy of the main forces of the regiment, their deployment in pre-battle and battle formations are carried out at maximum speed.

The head battalions covertly, along the shortest paths, move forward in the directions indicated by them, and, using the results of the strikes of the missile unit, aviation and artillery fire, as well as the results of the battle between the forward detachment and the vanguards, attack the enemy on the move, without waiting for the approach of all their forces, rapidly develop an offensive to the full depth of the assigned combat mission and, in cooperation with the battalion operating in the fettering direction, and the tactical airborne assault, destroy it. Open flanks and gaps in the enemy's battle formations are used to deliver blows in order to dismember and destroy him piece by piece.

Motorized rifle units attack the enemy together with tanks, usually in infantry fighting vehicles (armored personnel carriers).

The field (battalion), operating in a fettering direction, defeats the enemy with fire of all means, forbids him to organize deployment and ensures maneuver and exit of the main forces of the regiment to strike at the flank and rear of the enemy; subsequently, he advances in the direction indicated to him.

The success achieved by the battalions of the first echelon is developed by the deployment of a combined arms reserve, as well as by all available forces and means, in order to prevent the enemy from organizing a defense or regrouping his forces.

The meeting battle of the regiment usually ends with the transition to the pursuit of the defeated enemy units. The pursuit begins by the battalions independently, as a result of which the enemy's attempt to withdraw the troops from the blow should be thwarted.

When unsuccessful outcome In a meeting engagement, the regiment must entrench itself on the achieved line and use all means of fire, as well as by counterattacks, to tie up the enemy's actions before the other units approach. During a temporary transition to defense, it is created, as a rule, in a short time using barriers of all types.

The technical support and rear units of the regiment, with the engagement of the oncoming battle by the forward detachment (vanguard), stop along the roads (on the routes of movement), and with the deployment of the main forces for the oncoming combat, they go to the areas assigned to them and provide technical and logistical support to the units. At the same time, first of all, medical stations and collection points for damaged vehicles are deployed.

The regimental commander directs units in a meeting engagement - from a command post deployed in the direction of the main attack; in the regiment - at a distance of 1-2 km from the line of battle order of the first echelon units.

Meeting engagement

a type of troop combat operations in which both sides seek to solve the assigned tasks by an offensive. B. b. It can arise at the beginning of a war as a result of a clash of troops that have simultaneously gone on the offensive, during the development of an offensive when counterattacks or counterattacks are repulsed by the enemy, and also in the defense when second echelons and reserves are advanced to fight an enemy who has broken through. B. b. usually characterized by rapid rapprochement of the parties, insufficient clarity of the situation, frequent and abrupt changes in it, the transience of hostilities, the extremely limited time for their organization, the entry of troops into battle on the move, the presence of open flanks and freedom of maneuver.

The most characteristic methods of troop operations in warfare. are the infliction of preemptive fire strikes on the enemy, the use of advanced detachments and airborne assault forces, the rapid introduction of the main forces into battle and their striking on the flanks and rear of the enemy's main grouping with the aim of dissecting and defeating it in a short time. If, under the conditions of the situation, one of the parties refuses to continue the offensive, V. b. develops into other types of combat operations - into defense for one side and an attack on the defending enemy for the other, or into retreat and pursuit. B. b. may also develop into a head-on engagement, which is waged by operational formations and is characterized by the same features as V. b.

A. O. Khachatryan.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what "Encounter Battle" is in other dictionaries:

Genres Rock Years 2006 our days Country ... Wikipedia

- (oncoming battle) the actions of the troops, in which both sides seek to solve the tasks set by the offensive ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

A counter battle is an offensive against an advancing enemy, a variant of an offensive battle, during which each of the opposing sides acts attackingly. With this type of hostilities, opponents attacking at the same time ... ... Wikipedia

- (oncoming battle), the actions of the troops, in which both sides seek to solve the tasks set by the offensive. * * * COUNTER BATTLE COUNTER BATTLE (oncoming battle), the actions of the troops, in which both sides seek to solve the assigned tasks ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Meeting engagement- COUNTER BATTLE (French combat de rencontre), a battle when the parties make a simultaneous offensive and collide during its execution. In general, V. b. should be considered as a result of the implementation of the offensive undertaken by both sides ... ... Military Encyclopedia

Meeting engagement- actions of subunits (units, formations), in which both sides seek to fulfill their tasks by offensive. It can occur when meeting with the enemy on the march, on the offensive and on the defensive. B. b. characterized by: rapid convergence ... ... Dictionary of military terms

Meeting engagement- a special type of offensive battle that occurs when opponents collide, moving towards each other and striving to solve the tasks facing them by offensive actions of their main forces. B. b. may occur: in the course of ... ... Brief dictionary of operational-tactical and general military terms

Encounter Battle Genres Rock Years 2006 present day Country ... Wikipedia

Encounter Battle Years 2006 our days Country Russia ... Wikipedia

1. FIGHT, battle, with battle, about battle, in battle; pl. fights, fights; m. 1. to Beat and Beat. A sharp fight of seals. To beat with mortal combat someone. (very cruel). 2. Armed clash of the belligerents; battle. Offensive battles. Air, tank battle. sea battle … encyclopedic Dictionary

Books

Encounter battle (RR-42), Highlander Alexander. Do not break formations, hold a blow, push the enemy. Two commanders and only one winner! IN THE BOX: - 17 cards of the army of the North - 17 cards of the army of the South - 17 cards of the army of the West - 17 cards of the army ...

The general looked through the stereo tube until his eyes hurt. In the artificial, repeatedly reflected and refracted world of optics, everything seemed flat, unnatural, and the iridescent film that occupied the eastern part of the viewing area irritated with fairground colors.

- I do not see! he said angrily. — Chose enpe, nothing to say! Where are Kolymasov's tanks?

“To the left of the bridge, Comrade General,” the little scout captain, who equipped this observation post for the commander, explained quietly.

The general looked up from his eyepieces and straightened his cap, knocked down on the back of his head.

“Pull forward,” he said. — So that I can hear the motors. Chilled under the curtain, scouts? He looked mockingly at the captain with eyes reddened from insomnia and lightly jumped onto the parapet. Communication, keep up!

The general was striding towards where the battle was muffled, covered with tight clouds of a gray-gray mixture of smoke and fog. He walked to his height, not bending down from random shells, putting his hands in the pockets of his padded jacket and shivering. An adjutant and two submachine gunners glided inaudibly behind him.

It was cool, and the barrels of machine guns were covered with tiny drops of dew. The sun could not cross the mountains in any way, in the lowland it was still gloomy at night, and only high up in the rare clearings of fog was the lightening sky guessed.

"Three seventeen," the general said, glancing at his watch. - It's getting late here.

The general was overtaken first by scouts led by the captain, and then by signalmen, dragging coils and a backup radio.

— To make the connection work! shouted the general.

"That's right, Comrade General!" the lieutenant signalman answered automatically and ran, bending down from time to time and laying the wire more conveniently.

There were six scouts - in padded jackets, belted with belts, with machine guns over their shoulders, knives and grenades on their belts. Six silent, accustomed to communicate with signs rather than words, soldiers who went through the war. They equally silently, slightly crouching, followed the captain's footsteps, and according to their professionally light, unhurried and prudent gait, they could be mistaken for infantrymen, if not for the traditional black helmets that everyone in the tank troops wore, even the rear, repairmen and signalmen .

“It didn’t work out,” the red-haired young scout grinned as they overtook the general. - Are you fooling him?

“And the fight, by all appearances, is the last one,” sighed a tall sergeant, dragging a stereo tube. - Some random fool will pick - it's a shame ...

They weren't talking about themselves. They talked about the general - the commander of their tank corps. He had figured out a naive ruse by which they hoped to keep him safe in these last hours of the war. To say that they loved him, as soldiers love brave and successful commanders, would mean to say little and usually, because they not only loved - they were proud of him, as brothers are proud of the most talented and happy in the family. They were proud before the soldiers of other corps, before familiar and unfamiliar officers and generals, they were proud before their families, and military censorship sometimes got into a dead end, bumping into enthusiastic phrases about ours in soldiers' letters. He was called so in conversations: “ours said”, “ours ordered”, “ours ordered”. They called everyone - both soldiers and officers - and no one knew when this warm, almost family attitude towards the corps commander was born. And "ours" was not at all softer, not kinder, not more cordial than any commander. Rather, on the contrary: he was more severe than many, did not tolerate contradictions, and in battle sometimes showed inflexibility bordering on cruelty. He never strayed into the soldier's jokes that were common in the conversations of many generals, he was reserved, and few in the corps could boast that they saw a smile on his face.

Meeting engagement arises when both sides solve the tasks set by the offensive. Moreover, it is necessary to defeat the advancing enemy in a short time, and for this it is necessary to seize the initiative and thereby create favorable conditions for further actions. A meeting engagement can take place under various conditions of the situation: during a march, during the development of an offensive, and also during counterattacks on the defensive. During the Great Patriotic War oncoming fights took place during the collision of the parties advancing towards each other in march formation.

Thus, the conditions for the emergence of a meeting engagement in a future war can be very diverse. On the offensive, for example, when subunits, having broken through the defense, develop success in depth or pursue the enemy, and he advances his reserves; in defense, usually during a counterattack. Often this battle begins when units meet on the march, when both sides move forward for active operations. And this is especially characteristic of modern conditions, in which the widespread use of maneuver has made the march an integral element of combat activity.

But under whatever conditions meeting engagement , it always has such features as

limited time for its organization;
rapid rapprochement of the parties and their entry into battle on the move;
tense struggle to gain time, capture and hold the initiative;
abrupt and frequent changes in the situation;
the deployment of hostilities on a broad front and their transience;
freedom of maneuver and the presence of significant gaps and open flanks.

The most important conditions for achieving success in a meeting engagement are: the timely organization of active and in-depth reconnaissance;

timely decision-making and bringing tasks to subordinates;
rapid implementation of a maneuver to capture an advantageous line;
preemption of the enemy in fire damage;
deployment and transition to the attack and inflicting a sudden and strong blow, as a rule, on the flank and rear;
quick capture of the initiative and its retention during the battle, reliable control and maintenance of continuous interaction between units in battle.

The fulfillment of these requirements will make it possible to achieve success in a meeting battle and defeat not only an equal, but also a superior enemy. Thus, success is achieved by those who act boldly and decisively, quickly seize the initiative and keep it in the course of hostilities. In an oncoming battle, the score goes not for hours, but for minutes and even seconds. The winner is the one who, having detected the enemy, rapidly deploys and attacks faster, who is the first to open actual fire.

One of the most important conditions for achieving success in a meeting engagement is preempting the enemy in opening fire with artillery, seizing advantageous lines, deploying the main forces, and going on the attack. It is no coincidence that they say: whoever preempted, he won! Therefore, the actions of commanders must be infused constant desire to preempt the enemy. At the same time, it is necessary to avoid premature deployment, which can lead to a decrease in the rate of convergence and limited maneuverability.

Maneuver in a meeting engagement should be based on the desire to strike at the flank and rear of the enemy to dismember his column or battle formation in order to subsequently destroy him in parts by decisive actions.

ACTIONS OF TRAVELING SECURITY IN ENCOUNTER BATTLE

A motorized rifle company operating as part of a marching guard, using open flanks and gaps, has the ability, with part of its forces, the head patrol of a motorized rifle platoon, to tie down the enemy’s actions from the front and, by hitting most of the forces and means on the flank and rear, defeat an enemy of equal strength. A company can capture an advantageous line, ensure the deployment and maneuver to the flank and rear by the vanguard (main forces) to defeat superior enemy forces.

If we turn to the tactics of foreign armies, then according to the views that exist in the armies of the USA and the FRG, on the march, in anticipation of a meeting battle, an advance marching group consisting of a reinforced MPB (TB) is sent from the main forces as a marching guard. The advanced marching group sends a head marching outpost (GPZ) from itself to ensure its own security. It can include motorized infantry units with strength from a platoon to a company, reinforced with tanks, observers from artillery units, and, if necessary, sappers and dosimetric patrols. The removal of the head marching outpost from the main marching guard forces depends on the situation and the nature of the terrain and can reach 5-7 km. The head marching outpost, in turn, sends out a head patrol for reconnaissance and direct protection by force up to a platoon, the removal of which can reach 1-3 km.

Considering the foregoing, let us consider the tasks performed by motorized rifle, tank, artillery and engineering units in a meeting engagement.

Tanks attached to marching guards move at the head of the column and, when meeting with the enemy, quickly deploy and open fire, destroying his tanks and other military equipment, and marching guards are deployed and, together with tanks, on top speed attacks and destroys the enemy. A tank platoon attached to the GPZ, as a rule, operates as part of the main forces on the incoming flank in order to deliver a strong initial strike.

A motorized rifle company operating in the GPZ destroys the enemy marching guards of the GPZ, boldly breaks through to the main forces of the advanced march group, with active and decisive actions and fire of all means fetters their actions, ensuring the deployment and maneuver of the main forces of the battalion (avant-garde).

Artillery subunits attached to marching guards, when meeting with the enemy on the move, take up firing positions and immediately open fire on him and his suitable columns, destroy and suppress artillery, anti-tank weapons, support the battle of the GPP, as well as the advancement, deployment and battle of the main forces of the battalion. First of all, artillery fire is concentrated on enemy artillery (mortars) and subunits that prevent the deployment of a company or seek to reach the flank.

Anti-aircraft weapons, being in combat formations, move behind the attacking subunits in constant readiness to fire at air targets on the move or from a short stop.

Engineer units attached to the head outpost can perform the following tasks: conducting engineering reconnaissance (sapper department); arrangement of crossings over obstacles using MTU-20; expansion and marking of passages in minefields (after making rut passages with trawls).

BATTLE MISSION AND BATTLE ORDER OF A COMPANY IN A MEETING BATTLE

A company can fight independently, operating in the head (side) marching outpost or as part of the main forces of the battalion. A company in a meeting battle is assigned the immediate task and the direction of the further offensive is indicated. The immediate task of the company operating in the GPZ is to destroy reconnaissance and security units, capture an advantageous line and ensure the deployment of the battalion's main forces.

The immediate task of a company operating as part of the battalion's main forces is to defeat the enemy in the direction of attack of the enemy's head units, destroy and capture artillery, and seize a line that provides favorable conditions for destroying suitable reserves and developing the offensive.

Is the company capable of performing the specified tasks? The answer to this question can be obtained as a result of an analysis of the combat capabilities of a company in a meeting engagement and the balance of forces and resources.

Consider the capabilities of a company in the GPZ to combat enemy tanks.

A. When conducting an oncoming battle.

The company has 12 infantry fighting vehicles; the combat effectiveness coefficient of each infantry fighting vehicle is 1.5 (12 x 1.5=18).

The company has 9 RPG-7 (RPG-16) hand-held anti-tank grenade launchers, the combat effectiveness coefficient is 0.2 (9 x 0.2 = 1.8).

A company, as a rule, will be reinforced by a tank platoon - 4 tanks, the combat effectiveness coefficient - 1 (4 x 1 = 4). Total: 24 enemy tanks.

B. When holding the captured line.

BMP -12x1.5=18.

Tanks - 4x2 = 8.

RPG-7 -9x0.2=1.8

A total of 28 enemy tanks,

Calculations were made at 100 percent. company staffing.

The company's ability to hit the enemy with small arms fire makes it possible to create a density (12600:1000 m) of 10-12 bullets per linear meter, and when operating on a front of 1500 m, the density will be 7-8 bullets per linear meter.

Maneuverability allows the company to move quickly on the battlefield, act swiftly and at a high pace.

Indicators of the company's maneuverability in an oncoming battle:

deployment in pre-battle order - 2.5 minutes;
deployment in battle order from a column -3 min;
combat attack speed (for infantry fighting vehicles) -10-15 km / h;
company deployment at the turn -5 min.

An analysis of combat capabilities and the balance of forces and means show that in a meeting engagement, the GPZ will have to conduct combat operations with an enemy of equal strength. The success of the battle in this case will depend primarily on preempting the opening of fire, capturing an advantageous line, maneuvering to the flank and rear, as a result of which superiority over the enemy can be achieved and conditions for more efficient use of weapons and equipment.

The battle formation of a company in a meeting engagement must ensure that a strong initial strike is delivered. It is built in one echelon and consists of combat formations of platoons and fire weapons attached to the company. In a meeting engagement, as a rule, an armored battle formation will be used.

The position of platoons in battle formation can be in line, ledge to the right, ledge to the left, angle forward or angle back - such a position of subunits in battle formation ensures the participation of all forces and means in destroying the enemy and covering the flanks and rear of the company's battle formation.

The composition and purpose of all the listed elements of the battle order in a meeting engagement are the same as in an offensive.

The company commander, who is part of the main forces of the battalion, having received the task of defeating the advancing enemy in a meeting battle, understands it, assesses the situation, makes a decision, sets tasks for subunits and reinforcements, organizes interaction, control and support of combat operations. Subsequently, he clarifies these issues on the ground.

The company covertly at the maximum allowable speed goes to its direction, deploys in battle formation, rapidly attacks the enemy and develops an offensive in depth.

When the enemy attempts to go over to the defensive at an advantageous line, the company dismembers his battle formation with fire and a decisive attack on the move, destroys the enemy, captures this line and continues to carry out the assigned task.

From the characteristics of a meeting engagement we have examined and the conditions that ensure success in a meeting engagement, the skilful actions of the head outpost commander and the swift actions of subunits will play an important role. Therefore, knowledge of the characteristics of the oncoming battle, the tasks of the company during oncoming combat will allow the company commander to quickly make the most appropriate decision, set combat missions in a short time and successfully complete the task.

(M. Tatarsky)