Small zygomatic muscle. Mimic muscles

Bartsok-course of gymnastics for the face

The zygomaticus major muscle (the main muscle of laughter) is the strongest muscle in the middle part of the face. Together with it, the small zygomatic muscle, which is usually not isolated, works. These muscles create, as it were, the frame of the cheek. The weakened zygomatic muscle sags down along with the skin to which it is attached. As a result, the skin slides down, forming, over time, rashes on the face. A face lift is required. But, at the same time, because of this, a deepening of the nasolabial fold occurs. Therefore, the most effective facelift without surgery, facelift at home with the help of exercises.

The proposed facelift exercise is not the only one, but it is the main one. Regular and quality performance exercises for the zygomatic muscle creates a long-term effect of lifting the face oval without surgery, getting rid of jowls on the face and reducing the nasolabial fold.

To prepare and perform a facelift exercise at home, you need a mirror, attention and careful monitoring of the progress of the workout, as well as a clean face and hands, and, of course, the desire to achieve your goal. To learn how to perform the exercise correctly, without the risk of harming yourself, you will need 30-40 minutes. Performing the exercise in the future will take no more than a minute or a minute and a half when using audio support.

What this exercise can do for you:

facelift at home, elimination of blemishes on the face, return of the natural oval of the face;
smoothing nasolabial folds and folds near the corner of the mouth,
increase the elasticity and density of the skin of the cheeks;
expressing emotions with facial expressions without fear of consequences in the form of wrinkles.

If you find it difficult to master the exercise on your own, use the possibility of distance learning and take the lesson you need via Skype.

The reasons for changing the shape of the face and all the exercises necessary to preserve it or lift the oval of the face are described in the article "Non-surgical home facelift" .

The causes of the nasolabial fold, ways to stop its increase and all the exercises necessary to reduce this fold can be found in the article."Get rid of nasolabial folds".

The exercise is done in an isometric form: muscle strengthening occurs without stretching the skin.

The zygoma muscle (major and minor working together) pulls corner of the mouth towards the temple when we laugh or laugh. The muscle is attached to the zygomatic bone and is woven into the skin of the angle of the mouth, the skin of the nasolabial fold and the annular muscle of the mouth. During contraction, the muscle pulls the skin diagonally across the face towards the outer corners of the eyes by creating folds around the mouth and around the eyes, deepening the nasolabial fold.

Weakening of the muscle leads to skin sliding down towards the corner of the mouth and the lower part of the cheek, which leads to the formation of jowls on the face and changes its oval, deepens the nasolabial folds, primarily in their middle part, can also create folds above the corner of the mouth and next to it. with him.

Although the contraction of this muscle creates the most pleasant facial expressions, women are often afraid to use it. With the tension of the zygomatic muscle, rays appear near the eyes, which over the years, being remembered, turn into permanent wrinkles, which we usually call crow's feet. Frequent use of the zygomatic muscle, for example, when laughing, as well as its constant residual tension, when the corners of the mouth are slightly raised towards the temples, deepen the wrinkles under the eyes.

If the zygomatic muscle is not used, the muscle will begin to sag under the influence of gravity and pull the skin associated with it. Blood circulation in the central part of the cheeks will deteriorate, which is especially important, since it is the strongest of the cheek muscles. Because of this, nutrition will deteriorate and the processes of skin regeneration will slow down, the skin structures will begin to age rapidly, the skin will lose elasticity and slide down under the influence of gravity. The weakening of this particular muscle, in the first place, leads to the formation of excess skin under the lower jaw - jowls on the face. Together with the muscle that raises the upper lip and the side muscle of laughter, the zygomatic muscle, when weakened, becomes a source of deepening of the nasolabial fold, as well as folds above the corners of the mouth, next to the corner of the mouth or below it.

Cheek muscle training is the main exercise for a facelift at home. It will make the muscle stronger, restore its normal position, eliminate deviations in local blood circulation and skin nutrition, slow down skin aging by increasing its density, firmness and elasticity, stop its stretching, prevent the formation or deepening of wrinkles and folds. An increase in the muscle mass of the zygomatic muscle, restoration of its normal position and restoration of skin elasticity during training can create the effect of a facelift without surgery - restoring the natural oval of the face. Training will also make it safe to use the muscle to express joy and laughter, and then, probably, a smile will appear on your face more often.

By learning to clearly feel the tension of the zygomatic muscle, you will learn to get rid of residual muscle tension, completely relaxing it immediately after use, and because of this reason, the skin will no longer stretch and create wrinkles.

Preparing for the exercise.

Part 1.

Look at the photo above and imagine where the zygoma muscle is located under your skin. Now look at yourself in the mirror and, opening your mouth, pull the corners of your mouth towards your temples. The mouth must be ajar, and the corners of the mouth must be pulled towards the temples strongly enough to feel the tension under the cheekbones.

Now try to make the maximum effort of tension of the zygomatic muscle, pulling the corners of the mouth to the temples as much as possible. When you feel tension, relax the muscle by closing your mouth. Try to feel at the same time a stream of heat going diagonally across the cheek from the cheekbones to the corner of the mouth. Feeling the relaxation in the corners of the mouth, you can be sure that you have completely relaxed the muscle.

Part 2.

In order for the zygomatic muscle to be tensed without contraction and, accordingly, shifting of the skin, we use fingers. Straightened index, middle and ring fingers shifted together with their pads should press down and immobilize the zygomatic muscle.

Looking at yourself in the mirror, place your fingers on your cheeks in the indicated way, pressing them lightly on the skin. Open your mouth and pull the corners of your mouth towards your temples, increasing the pressure of your fingers as the tension of the zygomatic muscle increases.

Try to tighten the zygomatic muscle with all your strength. It is at maximum tension that the muscle will effectively train, strengthen and restore the properties of the skin. The fingers should lie like this and press inward with such force that the zygomatic muscle trembles with tension, but cannot contract and move the skin.

Look carefully at the eye area. It is there that you can see the slightest shift in the skin and make adjustments to the position and work of your hands.

Other finger positions are also possible. Choose the most convenient for you. A well-chosen method should meet the main criterion of facial gymnastics: completely block the contraction of the zygomatic muscle at its strongest tension, when the skin on the face does not move, does not form new or deepens existing folds.

Exercise.

Carefully looking at yourself in the mirror, place your fingers in a way that is convenient for you. The fingers lie softly and slightly press strictly inward.

In this exercise, you should try to move the corners of the mouth diagonally upward as much as possible, but they should remain in place, since the zygomatic muscle that moves them in this direction is pressed by the fingers.

Open your mouth. By increasing the strength of the tension of the zygomatic muscle, you simultaneously increase the pressure force of the fingers. So that the zygomatic muscle can tighten more, try to contract the muscle during inhalation. Mentally help the muscle try to contract, overcome the resistance of the fingers. Pay more attention to the right or left zygomatic muscle if you feel that one of them is weaker.

Carefully observe the face in the mirror: the face during the exercise should remain motionless. In the area around the eyes, you can notice and remove the slightest movement of the skin that occurs when the zygoma muscle is tense. Do not allow the muscles of the forehead, eyebrows, nose to tense up. All muscles of the face, except for the zygomatic, should remain relaxed when it is tense. The neck should not be strained either.

Count 6 seconds to yourself and at the same time as you exhale, relieve tension from the muscle, slightly moving your fingers away from the skin of your face. Feel the movement of warmth and relaxation diagonally from top to bottom, from the cheekbones to the corners of the mouth.

Repeat the exercise 4-5 more times with 2-3 second breaks between tensions.

It might be convenient for you to practice with audio accompaniment, reminding you of what you need to pay attention to when doing the exercise. "Audio Support: Exercise for the zygomatic muscle" is designed for such an activity.

Muscle fatigue after a workout can help remove one of the audio recordings:

air face

Face massage

About the regularity of performing the main exercise for a facelift, to eliminate wrinkles on the face and reduce wrinkles.

Facelift at home, reduction of nasolabial and other wrinkles without loss of facial mobility and expressiveness and with improved skin quality - a task that can only be accomplished by doing gymnastics facial muscles. To accomplish such a task, regular training and patience are needed to build up muscle mass cheeks. It is necessary to train all the muscles of the middle part of the face (all the cheek muscles and nasal muscles), since the weakness of any of them leads to skin slipping, the appearance of jowls and an increase in wrinkles. But the zygomatic muscle is the strongest of them, so special attention should be paid to its training.

To lift a face without surgery, increase skin elasticity and reduce wrinkles, you need to do the exercise 5-6 times a week, gradually increasing the number of approaches to 10-12. With such regularity, a visible effect can be achieved after a few months of training. Then you can move on to the maintenance mode of performing the main exercise for a facelift. In this case, the effect obtained from a facelift without surgery will last indefinitely.

To maintain the quality of the zygomatic muscle and skin of the cheeks, to prevent the increase in nasolabial and other skin folds, it is enough to train 1-2 times a week.

Training the zygomatic muscle is not just a necessary physical education, an exercise for tightening the oval of the face. Such training will give you the opportunity to easily express the most pleasant emotions and use it for expressive facial expressions without fear of increasing wrinkles and folds, as your skin will become more elastic, and you will easily notice and remove the slightest remaining tension.

The visceral musculature of the head, which had previously been related to the viscera laid down in the region of the head and neck, partly turned gradually into the skin muscles of the neck, and from it, by differentiation into separate thin bundles, into the mimic muscles of the face. This explains the closest relation of mimic muscles to the skin, which they set in motion. This also explains other features of the structure and function of these muscles.

So, facial muscles unlike skeletal ones, they do not have a double attachment to the bones, but are necessarily woven into the skin or mucous membrane with two or one end. As a result, they do not have fasciae and, by contracting, set the skin in motion. When relaxed, their skin, due to its elasticity, returns to its previous state, so the role of antagonists here is much less than that of skeletal muscles.

Mimic muscles represent thin and small muscle bundles that are grouped around natural openings: the mouth, nose, palpebral fissure and ear, taking part in one way or another in closing or, conversely, expanding these openings.

Contactors (sphincters) are usually located around the holes annularly, and dilators (dilators) - radially. By changing the shape of the holes and moving the skin with the formation of different folds, the mimic muscles give the face a certain expression corresponding to one or another experience. This kind of facial changes are called facial expressions, hence the name of the muscles. In addition to the main function - to express sensations, facial muscles take part in speech, chewing, etc.

The shortening of the jaw apparatus and the participation of the lips in articulate speech led to a special development of facial muscles around the mouth, and, conversely, the well-developed ear muscles in humans were reduced and preserved only in the form of rudimentary muscles.

Mimic muscles or muscles of the face. Muscles of the eye circle

2. M. procerus, muscle of the proud, starts from the bony dorsum of the nose and aponeurosis m. nasalis and ends in the skin of the glabellae region, connecting with the frontalis muscle. Lowering the skin of the named area from top to bottom, causes the formation of transverse folds above the nose.

3. M. orbicularis oculi, circular eye muscle, surrounds the palpebral fissure, located with its peripheral part, pars orbitalis, on the bony edge of the orbit, and the inner part, pars palpebralis, on the eyelids. There is also a third small part, pars lacrimals, which arises from the wall of the lacrimal sac and, expanding it, affects the absorption of tears through the lacrimal canaliculi.
Pars palpebralis closes the eyelids. eye part, pars orbitalis, with a strong contraction produces squinting of the eye.

In m. orbicularis oculi allocate a small part lying under pars orbitalis and bearing the name m. corrugator supercilii, eyebrow wrinkler. This part circular muscle eye brings the eyebrows together and causes the formation of vertical wrinkles in the space between the eyebrows above the bridge of the nose. Often, in addition to vertical folds, short transverse wrinkles form above the nose in the middle third of the forehead, due to the simultaneous action venter frontalis. This position of the eyebrows occurs during suffering, pain, and is characteristic of severe emotional experiences.

Mimic muscles or muscles of the face. Muscles of the mouth

4. M. levator labii superioris, the muscle that lifts the upper lip, starts from the infraorbital edge of the upper jaw and ends mainly in the skin of the nasolabial fold. A bundle is split off from it, going to the wing of the nose and therefore received an independent name - m. levator labii superioris alaeque nasi. When contracting, it raises the upper lip, deepening the sulcus nasolabialis; pulls the wing of the nose up, expanding the nostrils.

5. M. zygomaticus minor, zygomatic minor, starts from the zygomatic bone, is woven into the nasolabial fold, which deepens during contraction.

6. M. zygomaticus major, large zygomatic muscle, goes from the facies lateralis of the zygomatic bone to the corner of the mouth and partly to the upper lip. Pulls the corner of the mouth up and laterally, and the nasolabial fold is greatly deepened. With this action of the muscle, the face becomes laughing, therefore m. zygomaticus is par excellence the muscle of laughter.

7. M. risorius, muscle of laughter, a small transverse tuft leading to the corner of the mouth is often absent. Stretches the mouth when laughing; in some individuals, due to the attachment of the muscle to the skin of the cheek, a small dimple is formed when it contracts on the side of the corner of the mouth.

8. M. depressor anguli oris, muscle that lowers the corner of the mouth, begins on the lower edge of the lower jaw lateral to the tuberculum mentale and attaches to the skin of the corner of the mouth and upper lip. Pulls down the corner of the mouth and makes the nasolabial fold straight. The lowering of the corners of the mouth gives the face an expression of sadness.

9. M. levator anguli oris, the muscle that raises the angle of the mouth, lies under m. levator labii superioris and m. zygomaticus major - originates from fossa canina (which is why it was previously called m. caninus) below the foramen infraorbitale and is attached to the corner of the mouth. Pulls up the corner of the mouth.

10. M. depressor labii inferioris, muscle that lowers the lower lip. It starts at the edge of the lower jaw and attaches to the skin of the entire lower lip. Pulls the lower lip down and somewhat laterally, as, by the way, is observed in the mimicry of disgust.

11. M. mentalis, the chin muscle departs from the juga alveolaria of the lower incisors and canine, is attached to the skin of the chin. Raises the skin of the chin upwards, and small dimples form on it, and lifts the lower lip upward, pressing it against the upper one.

12. M. buccinator, buccal muscle, forms the lateral wall of the oral cavity. At the level of the second upper large molar, the duct of the parotid gland, ductus parotideus, passes through the muscle. Outer surface m. buccinator is covered with fascia buccopharyngea, on top of which lies the fatty lump of the cheek. Its beginning is the alveolar process of the upper jaw, the buccal ridge and the alveolar part of the lower jaw, the pterygo-mandibular suture. Attachment - to the skin and mucous membrane of the corner of the mouth, where it passes into the circular muscle of the mouth. Pulls the corners of the mouth to the sides, presses the cheeks to the teeth, compresses the cheeks, protects the mucous membrane of the oral cavity from biting when chewing.

13. M. orbicularis oris, circular muscle of the mouth, lying in the thickness of the lips around the oral fissure. With the reduction of the peripheral part of m. orbicularis oris lips drawn together and pushed forward as if kissing; when the part lying under the red lip border is reduced, then the lips, tightly approaching each other, wrap inward, as a result of which the red border is hidden.
M. orbicularis oris, located around the mouth, performs the function of a pulp (sphincter), i.e., a muscle that closes the opening of the mouth. In this regard, it is an antagonist to the radial muscles of the mouth, i.e., the muscles that radiate from it and open the mouth (mm. levatores lab. sup. et anguli oris, depressores lab. infer, et anguli oris, etc.).

Mimic muscles or muscles of the face. Muscles of the nose

14. M. nasalis, actually nasal muscle, poorly developed, partially covered by the muscle that raises the upper lip, compresses the cartilaginous part of the nose. Her pars alaris lowers her wing. nose, and t. depressor septi (nasi) lowers the cartilaginous part of the nasal septum.

Additionally, we recommend: Table of the facial muscles of the face innervated by the branches of the facial nerve.

Video of the anatomy of facial muscles

Anatomy of mimic muscles on a corpse preparation from Professor V.A. Izranov understands

The muscles of the head are a fairly important topic in the first anatomy course. It is necessary to know them as an integral part of myology, firstly. And secondly, some of the chewing and facial muscles will be excellent topographical landmarks for you when you study the vessels and nerves of the head.

Let's start, of course, with the main classification. All the muscles of the head are divided into two groups:

Mimic. First of all, they form the expression of our emotions - facial expressions. Also, facial muscles are involved in some protective reflexes (blinking, for example), and, in part, help articulation;
Chewing. Their main purpose is to control the movements of the lower jaw in order to chew food and open the mouth. Also chewing muscles articulation helps a bit.

Before we begin to analyze each muscle, it is necessary to consider the most important features of facial muscles, there are three of them.

Mimic muscles do not have fasciae;
Mimic muscles are attached directly to the skin;
Mimic muscles are located around the natural openings of the face.

The most convenient way to study facial muscles is to move from top to bottom, that is, from the forehead to the chin, focusing, of course, on the natural openings of the face - eyes, nostrils, mouth.

Anatomy of the mimic muscles of the face

Immediately make a reservation that I will talk about the most basic muscles. What your teachers require from you in full, you can finish learning, knowing the basics. But it’s impossible not to know the muscles that will be discussed now, no matter what medical university you study at.

I. supracranial muscle(musculus epicranius). It has a very wide supracranial aponeurosis (aponeurosis epicranialis), which is connected by its top with the scalp (tight connection), and the lower - with the periosteum of the skull (loose connection). Also, the supracranial muscle has two abdomens - frontal (venter frontales) and occipital (venter occipitales).

The frontal abdomen originates from the supracranial aponeurosis and is attached to the skin above the eyebrows. That is why we refer the supracranial muscle to the mimic muscles of the face. The occipital abdomen extends from the superior nuchal line of the skull to the posterior part of the supracranial aponeurosis.

Look, both the aponeurosis and both bellies are very clear on any tablet. I marked the frontal abdomen in blue, the occipital belly in red, and the aponeurosis itself in green.

Function: the occipital belly of the supracranial muscle pulls its entire array towards itself, thus, the scalp is shifted slightly back. The frontal abdomen, during contraction, pulls the supracranial muscle towards itself. If the frontal abdomen contracts, and the supracranial aponeurosis is fixed, then the eyebrows will rise. The most that neither is a mimic muscle.

II. Let's go down just below the forehead and see circular muscle of the eye(musculus orbicularis oculi), it is very clearly visible. It is large, and, according to its name, literally surrounds the eye. The circular muscle of the eye consists of three parts:

The secular part (pars palpebralis). If you close your eyes, your eyeballs will be covered with eyelids. In general, this is the age-old part of the circular muscle of the eye. Its function is to close the eye with the eyelid;
Orbital part (pars orbitalis). The largest part of the circular muscle of the eye. It kind of surrounds the eye, and the age-old part, and, of course, the lacrimal part. When this part of the muscle contracts, it tightly closes the eye, straining the skin around it;
Lacrimal part (pars lacrimalis). Not visible from the outside, located in the lower medial corner of the eye. The lacrimal part opens the lacrimal sac and drains the lacrimal fluid into the lacrimal canaliculus.

And now consider all three parts on the tablet. I highlighted the orbital part in blue and the age-old part in green. Remember that the eyelid is actually the eyelids, and that the eyelid is always inside the orbital, do not confuse them.

The lacrimal part is not visible on the unprepared eye. But the approximate location of this part is:

III. Muscle of the proud(musculus procerus). Very cool Latin name, one of my favorites in terms of sound. However, it is quite strange (for me, at least). Let's first find this muscle on our tablet:

And one more picture from Wikipedia, I can't help posting it - it's just beautiful.

And now about the strangeness in the name, it is directly related to the function of this muscle. The name "proud muscle" makes me associate with something that makes the head throw back, chin up. However, the muscle that we are considering now causes a completely different movement. The proud muscle creates a frowning expression with vertical folds of skin between the eyes. It is the muscle of the proud that creates the facial expressions of the great Joseph Brodsky in this photo:

IV. nasal muscle(musculus nasalis). The muscle is remarkable in that it has a tendon. It is approximately in the area of \u200b\u200bthis tendon that the proud muscle begins and goes up towards the forehead. But we digress.

The nasal muscle starts from the upper jaw in the region of the roots of the lateral incisor and canine. This important point, do not show it on the tip of the nose. This is a fairly common mistake. Then the nasal muscle rises slightly upward, passes into the tendon. If you look just above the tendon, that is, rise from the bridge of the nose towards the forehead, you will see the very proud muscle.

Here is the nasal muscle in a beautiful illustration from wikipedia. It is very clearly seen how, rising up and towards the center, it passes into a white aponeurosis:

Well, on our tablet, I also decided to designate it:

The nasal muscle is represented by two parts - external and internal. I decided not to select them on the tablet, since it would be difficult to show the inside.

The outer part, which is also transverse (pars transversa), goes around the wings of the nose with outside and passes into the aponeurosis;
The inner part, which is also winged (pars alaris), goes around the wings of the nose with inside and attaches to cartilage.

Both parts act interconnected, carrying out one function, namely, a slight compression of the nasal opening.

V. Orbicular muscle of the mouth(musculus orbicularis oris). Do not confuse with musculus orbicularis oculi, that is, the circular muscle of the eye. In my group, most of the students were sent to retake the test in myology precisely because of this mistake, the Latin terms are very similar. Musculus orbicularis is a repeating prefix, it translates as "circular muscle". And already to it we add the word oculi (association - "eyepiece", "eye"), that is, the eye, or the word oris (association - "oral", "oral", i.e. through the mouth) - mouth.

So, now about the muscle itself. It is divided into two parts - the lip (pars labialis) and marginal (pars marginalis). The labial part is actually the visible tissues of the lips. The marginal part is a large circle, inside of which is the labial part. I decided to show the orbicular muscle of the mouth on this tablet, which is great, in my opinion. I marked the lip part in blue, and the marginal part in green.

The marginal part pulls the lips into a tube.

The labial part, when contracted, tightly closes the oral fissure. The mouth is closed with tightly closed lips. I did not find a picture where only the labial part would be involved, alas.

VI. buccal muscle(musculus buccinator). A large mimic muscle, occupies a large space on the face.

As you can see, the buccal muscle from above and below starts from the outer surfaces of the upper and mandible respectively, and medially woven into the circular muscle of the mouth. It's pretty easy to identify on any tablet, but I preferred the wikipedia drawing. Here, the upper and lower jaws are marked in white:

The buccal muscle, with bilateral contraction (that is, when both the left and right muscles work), presses the cheeks to the teeth, pulling them inward; with unilateral contraction, the muscle pulls the corner of the mouth to the lateral side.

It should be understood that the buccal muscle has an internal position, more superficial muscles of the face, such as the zygomatic muscles (large and small), as well as the masticatory muscle, close it from above. ). I marked in red the buccal muscle itself, and in blue the fat body.

The author's name of this formation is "Bish's Fat Lumps". fat body cheeks are especially developed in infants, it is it that forms the rounded contours of the cheeks.

VII. (musculus zygomaticus major/musculus zygomaticus mitor). Very simple muscles in terms of being on any tablet. If you know where the zygomatic bone is located, then finding the two zygomatic muscles will not be difficult for you. It is from the anterior surface of the zygomatic bone that these two muscles begin. See how well they stand out in our main picture:

True, there is a peculiarity here. On our tablet, you can get confused when trying to distinguish the small zygomatic muscle from the large. Remember the rule - the small zygomatic muscle is always closer to the eye.

The algorithm for finding the zygomatic muscles is the same both in the pictures, and on the tablets, and on the preparations - first we find the zygomatic bone, immediately we find on it two long muscles similar to each other, and the one that is closest to the eye is the zygomatic minor, and the one that the far one is a large zygomatic muscle.

The large zygomatic muscle is woven into the circular muscle of the mouth, and the small one is connected to the skin in the region of the nasolabial fold.

Now it remains to parse only the function. Both muscles work in harmony, performing similar functions. The large zygomatic muscle pulls the corners of the lips upward and laterally. The small one also pulls the corners of the lips up, outlining the contours of the nasolabial fold. Imagine that you are a wolf and you need to scare someone. Expose the upper dentition, imitating a grin, while leaving the lower lip in place - you will get an illustration of the work of these two muscles.

Out of all the pictures on the internet, this one is my favorite:

The vampire girl has lips drawn upward and slightly laterally, there are also outlined nasolabial folds (the left one from us is especially clearly visible, light falls on it). An excellent illustration of the work of the zygomatic muscles, I think.

VIII. Ear muscles - anterior, middle and posterior. Topographically, these muscles should have been on my list between the supracranial and orbital muscles (we are moving from top to bottom, as you remember). But I decided to put the ear muscles at the end of the list - they are rudimentary, that is, left to people as a legacy from their distant animal ancestors.

These rudimentary muscles have become unnecessary in the course of evolution, so in most people they are not developed at all. However, in the myology test, questions on them can be asked, so let's look at them.

- Anterior ear muscle (musculus auricularis anterior). It starts from the temporal fascia and the supracranial aponeurosis, and is attached to the skin of the auricle just above the anterior cartilage. If very simplified, then this muscle lies between the auricle and the circular muscle of the eye. When contracted, it moves the auricle forward. Who could show it better than a picture from Wikipedia?
- Upper ear muscle (musculus auricularis superior). It is perpendicular to the anterior ear muscle. It starts from the supracranial aponeurosis and is attached to the upper part of the cartilage of the auricle. When contracting, in theory, it should raise the ear up, but it does not fully function due to its, as already mentioned, rudimentary nature.
- The posterior ear muscle (musculus auricularis inferior). We mark the beginning of this muscle on the nuchal fascia, and it is attached to the back of the auricle (more precisely, where the base of the auricle is). If you try very hard to reduce it, then Auricle pulls back slightly.

By the way, another cool picture. In many medical universities such a tablet is common. It shows triangles and neck muscles, you probably met this one. So, on this tablet, the back ear muscle is very clearly visible, I noted it:

So, this was an overview of the facial muscles of the face. The review, of course, turned out to be incomplete, but this is usually enough to get at least 4 in the muscles of the head (provided that you know chewing as well). Quite a few muscles were not included in my article:

Muscle that lowers the corner of the mouth;
Muscle that lowers the upper lip;
The muscle that raises the upper lip;
Chin muscle…

…and a few others. You can learn them using Sinelnikov's atlas, your lectures and Wikipedia. By the way, about Wikipedia. Some muscle groups on this resource are beautifully designed and shown, taking into account perfectly correct anatomical classifications. As you can see, I took a few drawings from there for my article - they are too good.

Most main question- there is a lot of text, pictures too, how to teach? Learn the anatomy of facial muscles as follows. After reading the information about each muscle, you need to sketch it on a draft sheet and sign the most important information, such as topography (beginning, attachment, function) and some special words that will immediately help you navigate. For example, at the word “grin”, everything that needs to be said about the zygomatic muscles immediately popped up in my head.

An important point is that muscle drawings must be done not separately from all other anatomical formations, but on them. That is, you sketch out the contours of the skull with a simple pencil, and place the muscles on top of them with a pen.

It is also very useful to strengthen your knowledge on individual topics with the help of videos. You can easily find videos on our today's topic on YouTube, there are a decent number of them. Try to check with authoritative sources (with Sinelnikov's atlas, for example) when watching videos of other teachers, because everyone can make mistakes, even the best anatomists.

Lexical minimum

Mandatory selection of Latin terms for self-control. If you have learned and consolidated the topic “mimic muscles of the head”, then you can easily translate each term into Russian and show it in a picture, on a tablet or on yourself. If you find it difficult to show and translate more than two terms, the topic must be reviewed.

Musculus epicranius;
Aponeurosis epicranialis;
Venter frontales;
Venter occipitales;
Musculus orbicularis oculi;
Pars palpebralis;
Pars orbitalis;
Pars lacrimalis;
Musculus procerus;
Musculus nasalis;
Pars transversa;
Pars alaris;
Musculus orbicularis oris;
Pars labialis;
Pars marginalis;
Musculus buccinator;
Corpus addiposum buccae;
Musculus zygomaticus major;
Musculus zygomaticus minor;
Musculus auricularis anterior;
Musculus auricularis superior;
Musculus auricularis inferior.

Under the skin of the face are the muscles of the face, which are also called mimic muscles. With one part, the muscles of the face begin on the fascia or bones of the head, while the other part is woven into the skin. The muscles of the face include:

The muscles of the cranial vault, which consist of the posterior, anterior and superior auricular muscles, the transverse nuchal and supracranial muscles.

Muscles of the circumference of the eye, consisting of the circular muscle of the eye, the muscles of the proud, and also the muscle that wrinkles the eyebrow.

Circular muscle of the mouth.

The muscular system of the nose, consisting of the muscles that raise the wing of the nose and the upper lip; muscles that lower the nasal septum; nasal muscles (transverse and alar parts).

The muscles of the cheekbones, which consist of the small and large zygomatic muscles.

Cheek muscle.

The muscle that lowers the corner of the mouth.

The muscle that lowers the lower lip.

The muscle that raises the upper lip.

Chin muscle.

The main function of the small and large zygomatic muscles located in the cheekbones is to move the corners of the mouth to the sides and up, i.e. smile formation. The zygomatic muscles, like other facial muscles, are attached at one end to a solid point of upper attachment - the zygomatic bone, and the other end is attached to the circular muscle of the mouth and the skin of the corner of the mouth.

The small zygomatic muscle, which is located on the buccal surface of the zygomatic bone and is attached to the nasolabial fold, changes the shape of the nasolabial fold, and also raises the corner of the mouth.

The main muscle of laughter is zygoma major muscle. The muscle is attached to the zygomatic arch and zygomatic bone at the same time. The large zygomatic muscle is much stronger than the small zygomatic muscle, deepens the nasolabial fold, pulling the corner of the mouth up and out. Also, the large zygomatic muscle pulls to the side and lifts the upper lip.

The large zygomatic muscle is subject to rapid stretching, so it needs to be strengthened by performing simple exercise which lifts the corners of the mouth and strengthens upper part cheeks:

Slightly up and wide to the sides (as with loud laughter), the corners of the mouth are pushed apart. Fix this position for five to six seconds, and then relax. In order to avoid unnecessary wrinkles and folds, index fingers are placed on the edges of the palpebral fissures, and the nasolabial folds are touched with the thumbs.

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Date of: 2016-09-12 Views: 12 784 Grade: 5.0

Zone: central part of the face

Efficiency. the exercise helps to correct the nasolabial zone, is used to work out the zygomatic muscles, to make the cheekbones more pronounced, to raise the “apples” of the cheeks. Core muscles. The large zygomatic muscle (m.zygomaticus major) begins on the upper lateral surface of the zygomatic bone, ends in the circular muscle of the mouth and is woven into the skin of the corner of the mouth. Function: pulls the corner of the mouth out and up, is the main muscle of laughter. Number of repetitions. The exercise is performed 30 times, on the last count there is a static delay for a few seconds, after the exercise we inflate our cheeks.

Exercise for the large zygomatic muscle - video

Description of the exercise

Pull your mouth into the letter O, tighten your zygomatic muscles, while the “apples” of the cheeks should rise, and the corners of the lips should not move, stretch them forward. With palms we fix the nasolabial zone. In this position, continue to strain the zygomatic muscles, if you can’t lift them together, try alternately straining either the left or the right, as if winking your eyes. During the exercise, wrinkles, folds around the eyes should not form. When performing the exercise at a fast pace, the face “loses weight” a little.