Who is in the leadership of wada. What is wada? What needs to be changed
Insufficient efficiency of the activities of the Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee(hereinafter the IOC) in the fight against doping, gave rise in 1999 to the creation of the World Anti-Doping Agency (hereinafter WADA). Richard Pound became the first president of WADA. WADA includes representatives of the IOC, National Olympic Committees (NOCs), international sports federations and Olympic athletes. The activities of WADA are regulated by the adopted Declaration on Doping in Sport and are built on a commercial basis. WADA is a dating organization and is funded by contributions from representatives of various countries.
Purpose of WADA- countering the use of doping in sports.
WADA activities:
organization of doping control;
implementation of educational programs;
Promoting healthy and fair sports;
· cooperation at the national and international levels.
Responsibility of WADA
- Publication of the World Anti-Doping Code (Code) and oversight of its adoption and enforcement by sports governing bodies.
- Support for educational and preventive anti-doping programs for athletes, coaches and other target groups.
- Funding and management of scientific and sociological research in order to develop new methods for the detection and prevention of doping.
- Supervision of doping control programs and results management of major sporting events.
- The development of national and regional anti-doping programs is outside the scope of WADA's responsibility.
- Analysis of urine or blood. These analyzes are performed in laboratories accredited by WADA.
- Imposing sanctions for anti-doping rule violations. Sanctions are imposed by governing bodies whose doping rules have been violated. These governing bodies may be anti-doping organizations, competition organizers or sports federations international or national level.
In 2003 - the adoption of the World Anti-Doping Code (2009 - a new code). Since January 1, 2004, WADA has been accrediting anti-doping laboratories around the world and preparing a publication list. In 2005, in order to bring WADA closer to the real conditions for the training of athletes, a working committee of athletes was created. Since October 2006, a system of total tracking of the location of athletes in all countries and sports (ADAMS system) has been introduced.
Definition of doping
It is generally accepted that doping is simply the use of a prohibited substance, but other anti-doping rule violations also amount to doping. The World Anti-Doping Code (Code) is a fundamental document that combines anti-doping methodologies, rules and regulations for sports organizations and public authorities. Doping as a violation of one or more anti-doping rules.
The Code distinguishes the following types of anti-doping rule violations:
Article 2.1 Presence of a Prohibited Substance or its Metabolites or Markers in a Sample collected from an Athlete.
Article 2.2 Use or Attempted Use by an Athlete of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method.
article 2.3 Evasion of sampling, refusal to take samples or disobedience when taking samples.
Article 2.4 Violation of the condition of the Athlete required for Sample collection. Any combination of three Missed Tests and/or whereabouts failures for an Athlete in a pool of Athletes to be Tested within a twelve-month period as defined by the International Standard for Testing and Investigations.
Article 2.5 Tampering or attempting to falsify any part of the doping control process.
Article 2.6 Possession of Prohibited Substances and Use of Prohibited Methods.
Article 2.7 Distribution or attempted distribution of a Prohibited Substance or a Prohibited Method.
Article 2.8 Administering or attempting to administer to an Athlete a Prohibited Method or a Prohibited Substance in-Competition, or administering or attempting to administer to an Athlete a Prohibited Method or a Prohibited Substance outside of a Competition that is prohibited out-of-Competition.
Article 2.9 Assisting, encouraging, facilitating, abetting, colluding, covering up or other complicity that results in an anti-doping rule violation, attempted anti-doping rule violation or violation of Article 10.12.1 by another Person.
article 2.10 Prohibited cooperation. Association by an Athlete or other Person subject to the jurisdiction of an Anti-Doping Organization, in a professional or sport-related capacity, with any element of the Athlete's Environment.
Bibliography
Platonov V.N. Doping in sports and the problems of pharmacological support for the training of athletes [Text]. - M: Soviet sport, 2010. - 308 p.
Skeptics, however, fear that as a result of the reform, an organization that has demonstrated its bias and partisanship may not “correct”, but strengthen.
The heads of national anti-doping agencies of 17 countries of the world put forward a proposal to reform the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The initiative belongs to the leaders of the anti-doping organizations in Austria, Australia, Denmark, Germany, Canada, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Norway, Singapore, Sweden and Switzerland. The proposal was supported even by the specialized structures of Great Britain and the United States - the main beneficiary of recent doping scandals.
Organization at fault
World Anti-Doping agency WADA behind Last year almost constantly present in the center of attention of the world media. This was mainly due to the non-admission of Russian athletes, including members of the Paralympic team, to the Olympic competitions in Rio de Janeiro. The basis for the decision was the confession of the former head of the Moscow Anti-Doping Laboratory, Grigory Rodchenkov, who left for the United States some time ago: he stated that the Russian special services allegedly substituted all doping tests of Russian athletes during Olympic Games in Sochi. It is curious that, according to Russian law enforcement agencies, he himself is the ex-head of the laboratory and for the sale of doping to Russian athletes, whom he later passed.
Rodchenkov's words were later confirmed by Russian runner Yulia Stepanova and her husband Vitaly. Both, as well as Rodchenkov, have been living in the United States for some time.
Based on the statements of several whistleblowers, the Anti-Doping Agency concluded that Russian athletes without exception use banned sports chemicals, although there were no objective data on the use of doping in relation to the majority of Russians. The International Olympic Committee has made a Solomon decision, having given the issue of admitting Russians to the consideration of sports international associations. As a result, in those organizations where Russia had a good representation, our athletes were admitted to the Olympics in Rio; where sports officials were not connected with Moscow, the athletes were suspended.
Discrimination Russian athletes enthusiastically supported Western media. However, soon many countries thought about the consequences of such a sports policy. And WADA has clearly shown that it is not an impartial arbiter. In preparation for the final battle of the doping war, the agency managed to destroy 30,000 doping samples of American athletes at once, making it impossible to double-check them for the use of banned chemicals. The case concerned samples taken from athletes from 1990 to 2016. According to the official version, voiced by the organization's management, the cleaning lady from the clearing company was to blame for everything, who allegedly "accidentally knocked down" racks in the American sample storage section.
Of course, the media did not hesitate to point out that the "tailsweeping" put American athletes in a privileged position in comparison with athletes from any other countries.
What needs to be changed?
Supporters of the WADA reform first of all propose to ban the leaders of the organization from holding positions in other sports structures. At present, for example, Briton Craig Reedy not only heads the anti-doping agency, but is also vice president of the International Olympic Committee.
Secondly, the reformers want to deprive sports organizations functions for testing athletes and investigating controversial situations. This will avoid conflicts of interest when organizations have to investigate cases against themselves. On the other hand, this may reduce the autonomy of sports associations, thanks to which some Russian athletes still ended up being admitted to the Olympics.
In addition, it is proposed to expand the powers of WADA to investigate and impose sanctions and increase funding for the structure.
The proposed changes will probably not suit Russia, commentators believe. After all, in fact, they strengthen the organization, which clearly demonstrated its commitment and partiality towards the Russian Federation. Earlier, the head of the Russian Ministry of Sports, Vitaly Mutko, said that due to the inconsistency of the organization and the use of double standards.
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What is WADA?
WADA (from English World Anti-Doping Agency) World Anti-Doping Agency. This is the largest international organization that was created to coordinate the fight against doping in sports. Established with the support of the International Olympic Committee.
It should be noted that it is WADA that forms the list of drugs prohibited for use by athletes, accredits and controls laboratories that collect doping samples from athletes. In addition, the organization informs athletes, coaches, doctors about the activities of anti-doping programs and the consequences of taking illegal drugs.
WADA notifies sports federations of doping abuses.
Only on the basis of the materials provided, individual athletes or even teams can be disqualified for various periods, removed from certain competitions.
The organization was established in 1999 at the initiative of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in cooperation with the governments of countries, other public and private bodies that controlled the issue of doping.
Since 2001, WADA has been headquartered in Montreal, Canada.
The current president of the organization is IOC Vice President Craig Reedy, former chairman of the British Olympic Association.
Who funds WADA?
On this moment WADA receives half of its funding from the International Olympic Committee, with the remaining contributions coming from world governments.
For example, in 2015 Russia paid the agency more than $1 million, of which 745,000 is the official membership fee, the rest .
WADA scandals
On September 13, 2016, the hacker group Fancy Bears announced and made public documents proving that WADA allowed American athletes to take banned substances over the years.
From the published documents it follows that the famous tennis player Serena Williams in 2010, 2014 and 2015 was allowed to use the prohibited substances oxycodone, hydromorphone, prednisone, prednisolone and methylprednisolone. And her sister Venus in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 received permission to take prednisone, prednisolone, triamcinolone and formoterol. The diagnoses, due to which the athletes received permission from WADA, are not disclosed in the documents.
In addition, the agency confirmed that as a result of hacker attacks, . At the first stage, documents were published, from which it follows that WADA allowed the use of prohibited substances by American Olympic champions gymnast Simone Biles and basketball player Elena Delle Donne.
Note that the press secretary of the Russian Federation Dmitry Peskov, commenting on the words of the WADA director general, said that Russia would provide him if he received an official request.
WADA: what is an organization
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) is an independent international organization that fights against doping. WADA was established on 10 November 1999 at the initiative of International Olympic Committee (IOC). Initially, the headquarters of the organization was in the Swiss city of Lausanne, but two years later it was moved to Montreal, Canada.
The main areas of her work: Scientific research, education, promoting honest behavior and monitoring compliance with the World Anti-Doping Code. It is formed equally from the participants Olympic movement and representatives of government organizations. WADA staff are involved in conducting international competitions: carry out the collection and transportation of samples, are engaged in their study.
The motto of this large international organization: "Play fair" (PlayTrue). Employees of the organization encourage athletes to focus on this slogan at every competition.
The need to create such an institution has been brewing for a long time. Ever since the advent of professional sports, competitors have tried to achieve high results with the help of chemicals. A few decades before the creation of the doping agency, football federations and athletics, but these efforts were clearly not enough.
In the summer of 1998, during the Tour de France, a huge doping scandal erupted. The French team "Festina", which was the favorite of the competition, was disqualified. It was after this that the world sports community decided to create an anti-doping organization.
It is curious that initially WADA was fully funded by the IOC, but now these revenues have decreased. Half of the funds needed to sustain the organization come from governments major countries peace.
The work of the agency is regulated by several documents:
- World Anti-Doping Code.
- List of prohibited drugs.
- International standards for testing.
- The Therapeutic Exceptions Laboratory.
The list of substances that cannot be used by athletes is constantly updated. For example, since January 2016, meldonium has been included in it, due to the use of which a series of doping scandals and disqualification of athletes occurred.
Note that the organization has branches on four continents: in Eurasia, North and South America, Africa. We are talking about countries such as Japan, Canada, Uruguay, South Africa. Representative offices of WADA actively promote its mission, as well as interact with local governments and sports associations.
The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) was established at the initiative of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) on November 10, 1999. The Lausanne Declaration, adopted at the First World Conference on Doping in Sport, became the legal basis. It was convened in February 1999 in connection with the doping scandal at the 1998 Tour de France.
The agency is headquartered in Montreal (Canada), with regional offices in Cape Town (South Africa), Tokyo (Japan), Lausanne (Switzerland) and Montevideo (Uruguay).
WADA conducts scientific research, implements educational programs, carries out accreditation of doping laboratories, approves international standards and monitors the implementation of the International Anti-Doping Code. It entered into force on 1 January 2004 and has been adopted by more than 660 organizations to date.
From 2000 to 2001, the IOC allocated $18.3 million to WADA. Since 2002, the agency has been funded in equal shares sports movement and the governments of the five Olympic continents. Europe provides 47.5% of the second part of the amount, America - 29%, Asia - 20.46%, Oceania - 2.54%, Africa - 0.5%.
The head of WADA is elected in turn from representatives of the IOC and countries. The current president is IOC Vice President Craig Reedy. WADA's highest decision-making body is the board. It consists of 38 members - 19 people each from the IOC and states. The most widely represented are Europe and America, with six and five members respectively. The structure of WADA also includes: an executive committee (six people each from the IOC and continents), five committees and seven expert groups.
Decisions made by the agency can be appealed to the Sports arbitration court(CAS). WADA also has the right to apply to CAS.
National Anti-Doping Organizations
The list of National Anti-Doping Organizations (NADOs) includes 139 agencies. According to WADA, decisions on the creation of these agencies can be made by governments, parliaments or National Olympic Committees.
The scope of the NADO's activities includes screening (collecting samples) of athletes in and out of competition, including foreign athletes, if the tournament is held in the country where the anti-doping organization is located. In addition, National Anti-Doping Organizations adjudicate anti-doping rule violations and promote the values of WADA. WADA controls the implementation of the provisions of the World Anti-Doping Code, as well as the activities of these organizations. The WADA Board of Founders may suspend National Anti-Doping Organizations for non-compliance with the Code until the violations are corrected.
For example, on November 18, 2015, the anti-doping authorities of Russia (destruction of doping samples), Andorra, Israel (both - inconsistency between the provisions of the code and the anti-doping rules of the departments), Argentina, Bolivia and Ukraine (all - conducting tests in non-accredited laboratories). On January 5 and February 22, 2016, the Israeli and Argentine services were removed from the blacklist after the violations were corrected. In addition, the anti-doping committees of Spain, France, Brazil, Belgium, Greece and Mexico were placed under the "special control" of WADA.
