Blood supply to the pectoralis major. Chest Muscles - A Scientific Approach to Chest Training

The muscles of the anterolateral and posterior chest are divided into two groups:

superficial - starting on the surface of the chest, going from it to the belt of the upper limb or to the free upper limb and functionally belonging to the upper limb;
deep (own) muscles of the chest, which are part of the walls of the chest.

The first group includes:

large and small pectoral muscles (mm. pectorales major et minor);
serratus anterior (m. serratus anterior);
subclavian muscle (m. subclavius);
trapezius muscle (m. trapezius);
latissimus dorsi (m. latissimus dorsi).

The second group includes:

external and internal intercostal muscles (mm. intercostalescxlcrni ct intcrni);
hypochondrium muscles (mm. subcostales);
transverse muscle of the chest (m. transversus thoracis);
rear, upper and lower, dentate muscles (mm. serratus posterior superior et inferior).

pectoralis major muscle(m. pectoralis major) powerful, has a triangle shape, lies most superficially in the anterior chest. Starting in three parts - clavicular (pars davicularo), sternocostal (pars sternocostalis) and abdominal (pars abdominalis) from the medial half of the clavicle, sternum, cartilage of the upper six ribs and sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle, the pectoralis major muscle is attached to the head of the humerus with one wide flat tendon .

pectoralis minor muscle(m. pectoralis minor) lies behind the pectoralis major muscle and is completely covered by it. Starting from the II-V ribs, it is attached to the coracoid process of the scapula. The muscles of the chest form between themselves the subpectoral intermuscular space.

subclavian muscle(m. subdavius) in the form of a narrow cord is located below the clavicle. Starting from the cartilage of the 1st rib, it is attached to the outer half of the clavicle on its lower surface.

Serratus anterior(m. serratus anterior) is located on the side and partially rear surface chest, being covered from behind by the scapula, from above - by the large and small pectoral muscles, and from below - by the latissimus dorsi muscle. The serratus anterior muscle begins with nine teeth from the outer surface of the eight to nine upper ribs and is attached to the medial edge of the scapula and its lower angle.

trapezius muscle(m. trapczius) is located in the upper part of the rear chest, has a triangular shape. This muscle originates from the spinous processes of all thoracic vertebrae, as well as from the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone. The upper fibers of the trapezius muscle descend downward and laterally and attach to the acromial edge of the clavicle, the middle ones go horizontally to the acromion, and the lower fibers rise upward and laterally to the medial edge of the spine of the scapula.

Latissimus dorsi muscle(m. lalissimus dorsi) is located in the lower part of the back of the chest, suitable for its top under the lower end of the trapezius muscle. It starts from the spinous processes of the six lower thoracic, all lumbar and sacral vertebrae, as well as from the back of the vertebral crest, from three or four lower ribs, and sometimes several fibers originate from the lower angle of the scapula. Its tendon goes up and laterally along the lower edge of m. teres major and attaches to the head of the humerus.

All eleven intercostal spaces are occupied by muscles located in two thin layers - inner and outer - and components deep layer chest muscles. Their short bundles have an oblique direction and connect adjacent edges to each other.

External intercostal muscles(mm. intercostales externi) - the most superficial layer own muscles chest - fill the intercostal spaces from the tubercles of the ribs behind to the outer ends of the costal cartilages in front. At the level of the costal cartilages, the external intercostal muscles are absent and are replaced by the external intercostal membrane (membrana intercostalis externa). The fibers of the external intercostal muscles and the external intercostal membrane run from the lower edge of each rib obliquely from top to bottom and back to front to the upper edge of the underlying rib.

Internal intercostal muscles(mm. intercoslales intcrni) represent an intermediate layer of muscles and are located deeper under the external intercostal muscles. Their bundles, compared with the latter, have the opposite direction of the fibers, intersecting with them at an angle. Starting from the upper edge of the underlying rib, they go obliquely from the bottom up and anteriorly to the lower edge of the overlying rib. They also do not completely fill the intercostal space: in front they reach the sternum, and in the back they end at the costal angles (angulus cosiae). In the posterior part of the chest wall, the internal intercostal muscles are absent, replaced by the internal intercostal membrane (membrana intercostalis intcrna).

Subcostal muscles(mm. subcosialcs) are unstable, located on the inner surface of the posterior chest in the region of the corners of the ribs. They partially complement the internal intercostal muscles from behind, repeating their course. They differ from them in that they connect not adjacent edges, but bypassing one - (or rarely) two.

Transverse chest muscle(m. transversus thorads) is also located on the inner surface of the chest, but in its anterior sections. The muscle begins with teeth from the body and the xiphoid process of the sternum and, going up and laterally and diverging fan-shaped, is attached with individual teeth to the inner surface of the II-VI ribs, where the bone parts of the ribs are connected to the cartilages.

The last two muscles can be seen only after opening the chest cavity.

Serratus posterior superior(m. serratus posterior superior) lies under the rhomboid muscle on the posterior surface of the upper chest wall. It begins with a tendon stretch from the spinous processes of the two lower cervical and two upper thoracic vertebrae, goes down and laterally and is attached to the II-V ribs.

Serratus posterior inferior(m. serratus posterior inferior) is similar in shape to the previous one, but much wider and has the opposite direction of the fibers. This muscle lies under m. latissimus dorsi, covering the posterior sections of the lower ribs. It begins with a tendon stretch (together with m. latissimusdorsi) from the spinous processes of the two lower thoracic and two upper lumbar vertebrae, goes laterally and upwards and is attached to the last four (IX-XII) ribs.

Today, I will tell you about the anatomy of the pectoral muscles (structure, types, functions, and much more). This info will be extremely important for those who want to clearly know what and how to do in order to develop massive chest muscles.

After all, no matter what anyone says, a massive wide chest with large layers of muscles, with a delineated relief is a dream (and after “success” - calling card) any self-respecting athlete :))

The pectoral muscles are divided into two groups:

Own muscles of the chest (internal and external, as well as the diaphragm). These muscles fill the intercostal spaces.
Muscles related to the shoulder girdle and upper limb (these are pectoralis major and minor, subclavian and serratus anterior).

Anatomy of the pectoral muscles

The pectoralis major muscle is massive, fan-shaped, and occupies a significant part of the anterior chest wall. Its main function is to lower the raised arm and bring it to the body, while turning it inward. The pectoralis major muscles are flat paired muscles, and are the most adapted to growth (hypertrophy).
The pectoralis minor muscle, on the contrary, is flat, has a triangular shape, and is located under the pectoralis major muscle. Its 4 teeth start from the 2nd to the 5th ribs, and are attached to the shoulder blade. Its main function is to pull the scapula forward, inward and down, and with a fixed scapula, it raises the ribs.
The subclavian muscle is located between the upper rib and the clavicle. Its main function is to move the collarbone down and inwards; strengthening the sternoclavicular joint. And with a fixed shoulder girdle, it raises the first rib.
The serratus anterior is a broad, flat muscle that is located on the lateral surface of the chest muscles. It starts with teeth from the upper ribs and is attached to the medial edge of the scapula. Main function: to pull the scapula forward and outward, turning it, and also participates in the rotation of the scapula when raising the arm to a vertical position.
Intercostal muscles (that is, external and internal) - originate from different edges of the ribs and participate in the process of inhalation - exhalation.
Subcostal muscles - located on the inner surface of the lower ribs. They differ from the intercostal muscles in that their bundles are thrown over one rib. Its main function is participation in the act of exhalation.
The diaphragm is the main respiratory muscle, which is a movable muscular-tendon septum between the chest and abdominal cavities. During contraction, the diaphragm moves away from the walls of the chest cavity, its dome flattens, which leads to an increase in the chest cavity and a decrease in the abdominal cavity, and inhalation occurs. With simultaneous contraction with the abdominal muscles, the diaphragm contributes to an increase in intra-abdominal pressure, which is critical when working with large weights.

For those who don't understand shit 🙂

Chest muscles - large (large) muscle group. This means that she is capable of hard power work. Therefore, when training (development) it is necessary to use the basic multi-joint exercises, heavy esa (), hardcore are all things ... otherwise, you won’t see her hypertrophy (growth). Read more about exercises in the main article =>
Be sure to put emphasis (emphasis) when training the chest, on large and small chest. Although, I’m unlikely to surprise you with this item, but I’ll stay in the role of a cap)))
By structure, the pectoral muscles are unique. Because different muscle fibers lie in different directions - try to load them from different angles (emphasizing its upper part). Only in this way will you develop them truly massive, powerful, in short, everything is as it should))).
Without a properly set technique for performing this or that exercise for the chest muscles, you will not be able to fully engage (injure the fibers) of one or another part of the sternum, and thereby not cause their subsequent growth (hypertrophy). Weights are weights, and technique is above all.

With this, I end this release. For dessert - an informative video on the topic of today's article:

Sincerely, administrator.

The muscles located in the thoracic region of the human body perform a lot of voluntary and involuntary functions. Consider their diversity, location and main tasks.

pectoral muscles

IN human body four types of muscles of the chest region:

The pectoralis major muscle is the most prominent. This is the muscle mass of the chest that forms it. appearance. It helps in breathing, brings the hand to the body, is responsible for turning it inward.
The pectoralis minor is not visible visually, because it is located behind the large one. Involved in the process of breathing, and it is she who pulls the shoulder blades forward and down.
The subclavian muscle, located between the uppermost rib and the collarbone, moves the collarbone inward and downward, strengthens the sternoclavicular joint, and lifts the first pair of ribs.
The serratus anterior is located on the side of the chest. By its location, this is the lowest pectoral muscle. Together with the rhomboid, it forms a fairly powerful muscle mass that covers the entire human body and presses the shoulder blade against it.

Own muscles of the sternum

Do not forget about your own muscles of the chest:

The diaphragm is the main muscle in the process of breathing. It is a muscular-tendon septum between the thoracic and abdominal regions. It helps to increase intra-abdominal pressure, contracting along with the abdominal muscles.
Subcostal muscles involved in the act of inhalation. Located on the back surfaces of the lower pairs of ribs. Their bundles seem to be thrown over one edge.
The external and internal intercostal muscles are participants in the "inhale-exhale" process. Their beginning is different costal edges.

pectoralis major muscle: location

Steam room wide Pectoralis major muscle located in the anterior region of the chest. Engages the shoulder joint. Its place of attachment is the flat tendon of the intertubercular groove of the humerus. Muscle location:

The upper part (another name is clavicular) - from the medial line to the anterior clavicular surface. Here she forms clavicular fossa and deltoid-thoracic sulcus.
Next, the median part of the muscle is observed - the sternocostal. It begins at the anterior surface of the sternum and ends in the region of the 2nd-7th pair of ribs.
The lowest and most weakly expressed is the abdominal. It starts from the anterior vaginal wall of the rectus abdominis muscles.

Functions of the pectoralis major muscle

This pectoral muscle performs the following tasks:

adduction and rotation of the shoulder inward;
bringing to the sagittal position (left or right) of the hand raised horizontally;
pronation - rotation of the limb inward;
arm flexion;
help expand the chest during the respiratory process.

Location of the small muscle of the sternum

Flat triangular steam room pectoralis minor muscle located directly under the large pectoral muscles. It is attached to the coracoid process of the scapula with a short tendon. The pectoralis minor controls the joints from the shoulder blade to the ribs. The location of this component of the muscles in the human body:

Beginning - separate teeth in the region of the 2nd-5th pair of ribs, in the immediate vicinity of the junction of their bone and cartilage tissue.
Further, the muscle stretches upward in the lateral direction. At the same time, its beams converge.

Functions of the pectoralis minor

Tasks performed by the small muscle of the sternum:

movement of the scapula up and down;
abduction (adduction) of the shoulder blades;
an auxiliary function during breathing - with a stably strengthened shoulder blade, the muscle lifts the ribs in this process.

Location of the serratus anterior

Wide flat steam room Serratus anterior muscle located in the anterolateral region of the sternum. Her top part, like the small pectoral muscle, is hidden under the large muscle of the sternum. The lower surface is located under the thoracic fascia. Together, the serratus anterior muscles protect the outer costal surface, and then go under the scapula. Here it is attached to the lower corner of the scapular triangle along its medial edge. Here, it should be noted, the most developed bundles of this muscle are located. Location - 2 start:

The outer surface of the 8th-9th pair of ribs (8-9 teeth of the muscle).
From the tendinous arch passing between the 1st-11th pairs of ribs.

Functions of the serratus anterior

This pectoral muscle performs the following set of functions:

pulling the shoulder blades away from the spinal column;
lateral (lateral) displacement of the lower angle of the scapula;
rotation of the scapula along the sagittal axis;
fixing the position of the scapula, adjoining it to chest(in tandem with the rhomboid muscle);
auxiliary respiratory function(when inhaling) - with the condition that the belt of the upper limbs remains motionless.

Location and function of the subclavian muscle

A small oblong steam room Subclavius muscle is almost parallel to the clavicle, located slightly below it. Its surface is hidden by an extensive large muscle of the sternum. In the lateral and vertical direction, this musculature is attached to the lower acromial clavicular region. The subclavian muscle performs the following functions and tasks in the body:

movement of the clavicle down and towards the medial line;
raising the upper pair of ribs;
retention of the clavicle in the sternoclavicular joint;
auxiliary function in the respiratory process;

Thus, all four types of paired pectoral muscles (large, small, anterior serratus and subclavian) perform a large set of functions - various movements of the limbs, shoulder blades, collarbone, participation in the respiratory process. The quality of performing arbitrary tasks, the appearance (concerning the pectoralis major muscle) depends on the sports behavior of a person.

Content:

What types of muscle groups are located in the chest area. What are they responsible for? Anatomy of the pectoralis major and minor.

There are many "secrets" in bodybuilding that even professional athletes rarely know about. At the same time, many of the athletes do not pay due attention to the study of anatomy, namely, the structure of human muscles. It is not right. Knowing your body is an opportunity to increase the effectiveness of training and make it more “pointed”. In this article, we will consider what the pectoralis major muscle is, analyze its functions, and also touch on the features of other muscles of the chest.

Groups and features

The sternum of our body (in terms of muscles) is conventionally divided into 2 groups:

those pertaining to the upper limb and part of the shoulder. This category includes the pectoralis minor and pectoralis major. There are two more types here - serrated anterior and subclavian;
the second group - own pectoral muscles, filling the areas between the ribs. This includes the diaphragm, as well as the muscle fibers of the inner and outer part of the sternum.

Let's take a closer look at all types of muscles in the sternum:

Anatomical features of the large muscle

The pectoralis major muscle is distinguished by its large size. Its features are fan-shaped and located on the front of the chest. Directly below it is the pectoralis minor muscle.

The anatomy of this area is simple:

start of growth muscle fibers located in the following areas - the medial half of the clavicle, the body and the handle of the chest, the cartilages of 2-7 ribs, as well as the wall of the depression located on the rectus abdominis muscle;
the muscle is attached to the crest of the large tubercle of the shoulder bone.

A feature of the pectoralis major muscle is the presence of three parts:

clavicular. The fibers originate on the inside of the clavicle;
abdominal. This part goes, starting from the front of the recess (vagina) of the rectus abdominis muscle fibers;
sternocostal. It starts on the front of the sternum, as well as on the cartilages of the upper six ribs (located from top to bottom).

The muscle fibers of all sections are attached and combined with the crest of the tubercle of the shoulder bone. The anatomy of the blood supply is very serious in structure. Here, the main functions are taken over by the internal arteries of the chest, which pass between the ribs and are located with outside, posterior arteries (also located between the ribs). The sterno-acromile artery also participates in the blood supply.

The main function of such a large muscle is to help flex the shoulder with a free limb and fix the body. If the body is fixed, and the shoulder is slightly raised, then the task of the large muscle is to lower the shoulder. In the case when the upper limbs are fixed in one position, and the body is free (this is possible when pulling up), big muscle takes over the function of lifting the torso and bending the arms. In addition, the anatomy of the fibers is built in such a way as to assist in lifting the torso and bending the arms.

Results

Big and minor muscle the sternum takes on the greatest load in bodybuilding. For their development it is necessary to involve as much as possible heavy weights and conduct multi-joint workouts. Due to the design features, the movements must be diverse (from different angles). And most importantly, stick to correct technique. Otherwise, the results of training will be less significant, and the risk of serious injury increases.

The muscles of the chest are a fairly large formation on the surface of the human body. They perform many important functions, which will be discussed in this article. Yes, they allow us to protect our internal organs and chest from various injuries - and this is not all of their positive properties.

Anatomy of the chest muscles:

Superficial muscles of the chest:

pectoralis major muscle

pectoralis major:

Acts as one of the strongest, as well as large muscles in human body, and covers a large space of the chest in front. Their shape resembles a fan, they are flat and paired. Its main functions include lowering and bringing the raised arm to the body, while it is possible to rotate it inward, it also takes part in the breathing process, since it tends to raise the ribs with well-fixed upper limbs.

They originate from the ridges humerus, or to be more precise, from their large mounds. Saturation with blood occurs with the help of arteries, as well as the acromial process, which is located on the chest. The pectoralis major muscle quickly begins to increase in size with systematic training, which is a definite plus for athletes, as well as for those who just want to give their body a beautiful look.

This flat muscle, which is located under the pectoralis major and has a triangular shape. Its teeth start from the 2nd and end on the 5th rib, the muscle itself is attached to the coracoid process of the scapula.

The main function of this muscle is to move the scapula inward, forward and downward. If the scapula is in a fixed position, then the ribs are lifted.

According to its device, it is flat and pretty broad muscle, and it is located on the side of the surface of the pectoral muscles. It originates from the upper ribs, and is attached with teeth to the medial edge of the scapula.

The main function of the serratus anterior is to pull the scapula forward and outward while making a turn. Also, it helps to rotate the shoulder blade of the raised arm to reach a vertical position.

The subclavian muscle is located between the clavicle itself and the upper rib, which is why it got its name. This muscle is small, but quite important in various rotational movements.

The main function of the subclavian muscle is to move the clavicle downward and inward, and it also helps to strengthen the sternoclavicular joint. If shoulder girdle fixed, it is able to lift the 1st rib.

Deep chest muscles:

External and internal intercostal muscles:

The external intercostal muscles are located on the surface in the spaces between the ribs, from the spine to the cartilaginous rib tissue. They originate from the lower edge of the ribs, and are already attached to the upper edge of the underlying rib. Their main function is to lift the ribs.

The internal intercostal muscles are located under the external ones and have a different fiber structure, to be more precise, the reverse one, so they intersect with the fibers of the external muscles at an angle. They originate at the edge of the underlying rib, and then extend upward and forward, attaching to the overlying rib, reaching the sternum and located between the cartilages of the ribs. The main function of the internal intercostal muscles is to lower the ribs. These 2 types of muscles take part in the process of Inhalation - Exhalation.

These muscles are located - bundles on the inner surface of our lower ribs. They differ from intercostal ones in that they are thrown over one or even two ribs at once.

The main function of the hypochondrium muscles is the process of lowering the ribs. Thus, they take part in the moment when we exhale.

They originate in the form of a tendon from the inner surface of the xiphoid process and the edge of the lower part of the sternum. They are attached to the cartilage of the inner surfaces of the ribs with 4-6 teeth.

The main function of the transverse muscles of the chest is to lower the ribs, to be more precise, 2-5 ribs, they also take part in the act of exhalation.

Exercises that will help you develop the above muscles:

Exercises for the pectoral muscles
Basic exercises in bodybuilding

Anatomy of the pectoral muscles video: