Piebald color of horses. Pinto suit: general information, color types, genetics, photos of pinto horses
« good horses there are never bad suits..”
old Yorkshire proverb
“Sivka-burka, prophetic kaurka, stand in front of me, like a leaf in front of grass!” - this call from folk tale familiar to any Russian person. Probably, every child, listening to these words, asked adults a question, why does the name of a magic horse sound so strange? The answer is found if you read the material to the end.
The color is hereditary, it is a trait responsible for the pigmentation of the skin, pile, iris, mane, tail and brushes. Hippologists divided the horses into 4 suits:
- bay,
- black,
- redhead
- gray.
They are divided into several sub-suites. Such a systematization took place in Hellenistic Greece.
Bay horse color in terms of the set of genes, it is most similar to untamed relatives. considered one of the most tireless, obedient and fast.
Many nomadic tribes who know a lot about chose this suit. Today, the bay stallion Frenkel is reputed to be the most expensive horse, its cost is $ 200 million.
The first place among centenarians is occupied by the bay Cleveland gelding Billy. The old man lived for 62 years, that is, twice as long as the due date. All his life he worked, towing barges along the shore.
Where do they come from horse color names- a fascinating topic worthy of a separate story. "Gnidor" in Latin - "smoking flame". The bodies of bays are brown, and the mane and tail are black.
The bay suit is divided into apprentices:
- light bay;
- dark bay;
- deer bay;
- cherry;
- golden;
- chestnut;
- mean;
- Karak.
With the first six, everything is clear, but with the last 2 - a moot point. The mean horses have whitened, as if burnt, areas of the eyes, muzzle, groin and elbows. The word "podlas" is the opposite of "tan", dark places.
In the photo, a horse of a low-colored suit
Karak suit of a horse suggests a deep dark brown tone of hairline in combination with black legs, mane and tail. In Turkic, "black-brown" sounds "kara-kupa".
In the photo, the horse's caracal suit
black horse just right to call a dark-skinned girl: black eyes, skin and hair. Hot-tempered, wayward handsome men have long been in demand, including among the highest of this world. black horse in the form of an offering among nomads, it was known as a symbol of deep respect and even admiration.
But in many cultures, black horses symbolized something unkind. They were associated with hunger, death and otherworldly forces. So, the Komi people have an ancient legend about three horses, alternately carrying the world: if black is starvation and pestilence, white is enmity and death, red is peace and tranquility.
black horse
Black as pitch, the horse caused horror and awe on the battlefield. According to historians, Bucephalus of Alexander the Great was one of those. Have their apprentices:
- black (blue-black);
- black crow in tan;
- silver-black;
- ash-black.
The tanned crow is so named for the brownish sheen on the upper body. She seemed to have burned out in the sun, receiving a daily portion of ultraviolet radiation on pasture. By color of horses, suit this one is easy to confuse with karakova, they are recognized by their dark skin and hair roots.
Black horse color in tan
Silver-black is a catchy suit, where the light mane and tail contrast with the anthracite color of the body. Ash-black horse - with a reflection of the color of dark chocolate. They look especially advantageous in the rays of sunset.
Silver black
Blacks are found among many breeds, but there are those for which this is the only acceptable color - and arriegeoises. Red horse color- not a curiosity, in ancient times it was called "kissed by fire." Color varies from apricot to dark brick. The color of the mane and tail depends on the apprentice. The "solar" suit includes:
- playful;
- buckskin;
- brown;
- nightingale.
For playful color of the horse a reddish-brown color is characteristic, coupled with a light mane and tail, which have different shades: from sandy to creamy. If either the tail or the mane contrasts, the horse is also considered to be playful.
The adjective "playful" is a fusion of the Turkic "jeren" - that is, and the Russian "playful". Naming the suit, they apparently described the temperament of the horse: cautious and lively.
Playful color of the horse
Regarding buckskin suit of horses, among the Tatars "bulan" means "deer". The color of the horses is yellow-gold; legs, tail and mane are black. Dark brown horses are often mistaken for light bay horses.
In the photo a horse of a buckskin suit
The brown is confused with the dark bay, but its legs, unlike the tail and mane, have the same dark chocolate color as the body. The villi of black and red color, when mixed, give a juicy brown color.
The famous "cloak" was the Karabakh mare Lisetta - the famous mare of Peter the Great. It is she who flaunts in most of the paintings depicting the emperor on horseback, the same applies to the Bronze Horseman.
The legendary Lisette was a lady with a temper and listened to one sovereign, which made life difficult for the grooms. Once, in the battle of Poltava, a mare saved the king's life by dodging aimed fire. It is not known what would have happened to Russia if this wayward beauty had not been under the saddle of Peter. The effigy of Lisetta is exhibited at the Zoological Museum of St. Petersburg.
Brown horse
Nightingale horse color, so named from the ancient Icelandic "solr" - "dirt, yellowness", has an ocher-golden pile, the tail and mane can be the color of straw, milk, smoke. Eyes are brown or amber.
The fashion for nightingals falls on the 15th century - the era of the reign of Isabella of Castile, Queen of Spain. This monarch owes the name to a rare suit, genetically interconnected with the nightingale - isabella.
In the photo a horse of nightingal color
Isabella horse color surprises with its beauty and sophistication. Only they have pale pink skin, and the hairs on the body are a pleasant champagne tone. This suit is sometimes called cream.
But the unique color of the skin and pile is not their only advantage; horses of the Isabella suit have piercing eyes of the spring sky. Less commonly, specimens with emerald eyes are born. This rare color of horses occurs in (2.5%).
Isabella horse color
What color is characteristic gray color of horses, it's easy to guess. For many, a peculiar pattern appears - light circles on a darker background - these are “horses in apples”. This coloration is typical for.
The gray suit is characterized by a change in color during life. A black foal can molt to light gray in six months. Light horse color over the years, it is reborn into snow-white.
With a new molt of gray hair on the body of the animal remains, but the skin remains grayish. This suit is common among Arabian thoroughbreds. Count Orlov acquired just such a stallion from the Turkish Sultan to create his famous breed. The light gray horse Smetanka laid the foundation for a breed that has become a symbol of Russian horse breeding.
According to history, the Roman emperor Caligula, known for his eccentricity, had a light gray Incitat (swift-footed) as his favorite. He became the only horse to be granted the seat of senator.
The gray color of the horse
White horse color- fiction. These are either greys, brightened with age, or albinos. The latter can be born from absolutely any suit, being a genetic anomaly in which melanin is not produced by the body.
White horses are prone to various ailments. How beautiful they are in the photo, just as vulnerable and vulnerable in life. They are often sterile, and foal mortality is at least 25%. It is for this reason that a truly white horse is a great rarity.
The favorite of Napoleon Bonaparte was a white stallion named Marengo. He went a long way with the great commander until he was captured by the British at the Battle of Waterloo. Like his crowned master, Marengo had unique qualities. If the emperor slept for 3 hours a day, then Marengo could gallop without slowing down, as much as 5 hours in a row.
white horse
An interesting variety of gray suit is “gray in buckwheat”. It manifests itself with age: small dark spots appear on the body of a gray horse. Instances with red speck are classified as "trout".
Domestic horse breeders, among others, distinguish one more apprentice gray horses- ermine. In addition to the lead shade of the body, it has a darker mane and tail.
The color of the horse is gray in buckwheat
Roan horse color- the result of the admixture of white hair to the main suit. The head and legs do not actually have light, retaining the original color throughout life. In the Turkic dialect "chal" - "gray hair". Russian experts distinguish the gray color of the horses- this is black with gray hair.
In the photo a roan horse
Savrasu horse color often referred to as "wild". Horses living in the wild tend to have this coloration. Savraska has a dull reddish-brown body coloration, with a dark stripe along the ridge. The lower legs, scruff and tail are darker than the base color.
In Russian, there is a catchphrase "run like a savras". In Rus', such horses were noted as frisky, swift and strong. Many saw in the zoo - an unsightly squat ocher-colored horse with dark legs, a mane and a tail. These animals fully fit the description of the savras.
Savras horse color
Famous apprentice savras - brown horse color, in which redness prevails. Mouse-colored horses are characterized by an ash-colored color with a slight brownish coating.
Brown suit
At horses skewbald whitish spots of irregular shape, called pezhin, are scattered all over the body. They can be so large that it looks like a white horse with dark spots. valued by Indian tribes, they were considered lucky.
In Europe, piebald stallions were called "gypsy", "cow" and even "plebeian", the demand for them was small. You will not find this suit among breeders, it is typical for ordinary outbred hard workers.
pinto horse
Extremely rare are gray-piebald horses, in which snow-white asymmetric blots are scattered on a silvery background. In Russia, such horses were called porcelain.
Grey-piebald horse color
Other motley horses are dappled. Here nature has had its fun. Chubaraya color of horses It is distinguished by small egg-shaped spots scattered throughout the body. Color can be anything, like specks. The name is also taken from the Turkic "chubar" - "spotted".
There are also quite a few apprentices here: snowy, leopard, spotted-black-black, chubaraya in hoarfrost. It is worth mentioning the breed, for which the chubar suit is the norm. This is a knabstrupper, they have black or dark brown spots appearing on a white background. What can I say, and among the horses there are!
In the photo a horse of a chubar suit
Astrakhan suit of horses(it is called curly, curly), it is distinguished by dense hair in curls. Genetics is an interesting thing: in these “lambs” curly hair can appear not only on the body, but even on the eyelashes, tail and mane.
Astrakhan horses- meek, docile and friendly. They are ideal for the village children's sports and various presentations. They are also used for hippotherapy. The smell of "insulated" horses, like sheep. Two breeds with "fur" are known:
- Transbaikal curly;
- american curly.
Astrakhan suit of horses
Summing up, I want to believe that many wonderful names are now quite understandable, and everyone can imagine both a gray gelding and a piebald mare. With regard to the fabulous Sivka-Burka, it can be assumed that the horse was gray-brown-red in color, and then - who has any imagination.
Nature endowed horses with a huge color variety, and artificial selection only emphasized the beauty of these animals. Each breed, like the suit, has its admirers.
Do not get tired of being surprised by wealth suits of horses. Photos and names such graceful creatures leave absolutely no one indifferent, because as one of the classics said: “There is nothing more beautiful in the world than a galloping horse, a dancing woman and a sailing ship ...”
The piebald horse is always in the spotlight, and all thanks to the bright, unusual and even exotic color, which differs from other colors of horses.
A spotted horse is called piebald, but only if there are exclusively white spots of various sizes and shapes on the body. The history of origin and features of the suit is the topic of the article.
Origin story
The spotted horse began to arouse interest in ancient times - ancient Egyptian historical documents testify to this. In addition, archaeological excavations have shown that this suit was often found in the steppe herds of Mongolia and China.
But the spotted horse is not a typical phenomenon, it is not a color characteristic of horses, and therefore the question arises: where did it come from? Specialists in the course of numerous studies have found that these representatives have an anomaly of genes, which is inherited. It is she who leads to abnormal pigmentation of the skin of the horse.
In addition, it has been scientifically proven that different genes are responsible for the color of a certain area of the horse's body. Piegot - partial albinism. For this reason, in horses of this suit, the iris of one or both eyes may have a blue color. There is also a theory of incest with Mongolian horses, among which the same piebald individuals were often found. For this reason, skewbald horses have become common.
Pinto
Attention! As a rule, horses with an incredible color are outbred, of unknown origin. For this reason, they can only occasionally be found in breeders.
In Europe to spotted horses centuries ago they began to be treated with disdain. Even in the Middle Ages they were referred to as "gypsy". Their unusual color was considered "cow". The heaviest equestrian labor fell on their “shoulders”. And this despite the fact that they could not boast of excellent health, because many of their diseases are laid down at the gene level. The prospect of breeding skewbald horses did not attract anyone.
As for the American continents, they were treated quite differently there. Horses were brought to North America by conquistadors. Most of the horses are feral. The extraordinary beauty quickly attracted the attention of local residents. The skewbald horse was a symbol of the Wild West, the Indians were sure that such horses would bring them happiness. The name of skewbald horses was different, they were called - pinto. Somewhat later, an American breed was formed, which is called the American Painthorse.
American Paint Horse
In the middle of the 20th century, a community dedicated to skewbald horses was created. The founders of the club were the owners and connoisseurs of horses. Today, horses are used in equestrian tourism, on the ranch, they perform at demonstration events.
Piebald horse: external features
Often, beginners have a question: what color is a piebald horse? The question is quite common among people who wish to purchase a stallion. A piebald foal can absorb all existing colors. White fragments on the skin can be small in size, and sometimes cover almost the entire body of the animal, including the tail and mane.
In Russia, there are 4 main colors. They are, in fact, classified on the basis of the suit:
- piebald not very common, or rather, it is generally difficult to meet her. A characteristic feature of these horses is that the shade of the mane is grayish-white, and the legs, as a rule, are also light. The shape, size and number of light spots may vary. There are also completely white horses that have small spots a little darker.
- Piebald. These horses have a reddish skin color to a greater extent, there are not so many white spots and they are indistinct outlines. Although rare, there are stallions with limbs and a mane of completely white coloring.
- Piebald Crow It has a beautiful bright contrasting color. The skin is black, there are white marks on them, their number is not very large.
- Piebald bay. The body of the horse is abundantly dotted with white spots, the limbs, mane and tail, as a rule, are also white. Also on the tail and mane there may be red and black strands.
Temper and behavior
The piebald stallion is famous for its submissive and calm disposition. In America, it is used for exhibitions, and in Russia they help people in every possible way with the housework. Even a child can ride a well-bred horse.
bay piebald gelding
Many horse breeders are still concerned about the health of the pinto. They cannot boast of good health, a large number of their diseases are already at the gene level. The weakest representatives are the frame and overo lines (about them we will talk further). If both parents belong to this type, as a rule, the offspring have underdeveloped organs of the digestive tract, mainly the intestines. Often this leads to the death of the foal. Pathology develops due to the presence of the FR gene in both parents.
Piebald horse color: breeds
American horse breeders use their classification of skewbald horses.
Horses belonging to this type are usually called Pinto, they are united by one common characteristic - a multi-colored color and blue eyes. By color they are divided into the following types.
Tabiano
The name comes from the name of the abnormal gene - To. As a rule, horses have dark sides. White spots are round or oval, most often located symmetrically to each other.
On a note. The color of the legs is white to the knees. Body color usually includes two colors.
A gene can manifest itself in different intensities, so such offspring can even come from solid parents. There is an opinion that another non-allelic gene is involved here, which contributes to spotting.
Overo
A fairly large group of horses that have asymmetrical spots.
It, in turn, is divided into three subgroups:
- frame overo. The stallion's head, as a rule, is monophonic, it is rarely possible to contemplate marks of a white color. On the body itself, white spots that do not have a border can form in unlimited quantities. Light areas do not cross the back. But there are exceptions when the color of the horse is dominated by white. The limbs are painted in the main color, monophonic. The tail is also monophonic, the cause of albinism is the F1 gene.
- Overo splashedwhite. A characteristic feature of such horses is that their color does not have clear boundaries, it seems that the horse fell into the paint and stuck its muzzle there. White spots can be located on the muzzle, sides. Dark color, as a rule, remains on the back and neck. Scientists believe that the SPL gene is the cause of such piebaldness, and the intensity of the manifestation of spots will depend on its concentration in the individual.
- sabino overo characterized by the formation of white spots on the limbs, quite often they stain the entire leg. Sometimes white spots can be found on the sides and abdomen. Coloring of the head is also acceptable - in this case, the white spot often touches the upper lip. On the markings, the coat has a pure white color, whitish hairs may also be present on the main part of the body.
Tovero
A unique subgroup that combines the characteristics of Oveiro and Tabiano.
If two varieties are mated together, the offspring will acquire the characteristics of both parents. As a rule, the cub inherits the color of the parent whose white spots are more pronounced. But there are exceptions, it is impossible to predict this.
Tovero horse
When mating, each parent shares their spotting gene, so white markings on a foal can turn out to be completely unusual. For this reason, confusion often occurs in the definition of a stallion variety.
Due to the unusual color, the piebald suit has many assumptions regarding its origin and myths:
- Only horses belonging to the Overo group have blue eyes.
In fact, all representatives of the piebald suit can become owners of blue eyes. A common phenomenon is that the area around the eyes also has a white color, which modifies the perception of the true color of the eyes. The non-standard color of the iris does not affect the quality and visual acuity. There are horses with a high sensitivity to sunlight, but vision and eye color have nothing to do with it. - Light spots on skewbald horses are shaded.
Some horses do have this feature, but it is quite rare. This is due to the dark skin tone of the horse, which is visible through the white hair. - In the course of numerous studies, a unique and only lightening gene has been identified in pintos, which has no analogues in pearl. If he is in a homozygous state, then the red horse will acquire an apricot hue.
A piebald mare is a unique animal that, in addition to its power, grace and good breeding, demonstrates its unique and inimitable color. The content of the animal is not very whimsical, but not everyone can afford to buy it.
In the color of which there are white spots different size and forms. Where did these painted beauties come from? There is an opinion that piebald horse breed is a symbol of the Wild West.
Spotted horses were very fond of and preferred by the Indians. In fact, this suit did not appear here, but it comes from the Asian steppes. It was Asian horses that were crossed with European breeds, and only then the colonists brought them to America. Over time, spotted babies began to appear in the offspring of such mixed colors.
Today, such horses are bred as a result of crossing. Their distinguishing feature is the presence of white spots on the main background. They are very different: the white palette may be present in minimal areas, or it may be dominant in the color of the animal.
Such white spots have a variety of shapes, which are scattered randomly over the body. To have an idea of the variety of such "drawings" it is better to consider photo of pinto horse.
Pictured is a crow piebald horse
Scientists believe that spotting is not inherent in horses, so this color is called a pigmentation disorder. All colors piebald horse color subdivided into the following types: raven-skewbald, bay-skewbald, brown-skewbald and gray-skewbald. The principle is the presence of color and color.
There is also an American division according to the location of the spots on the body. pinto horse. So, what color is a piebald horse by American standards:
1. Tobiano. One or both sides of the horse are painted in the main color, and pigmented white spots are on the legs, chest, and neck. The tail of tobiano horses is two-tone.
Pictured is a piebald tobiano horse
2. Overo. In horses of this subspecies, white spots are located in the lower part, unlike tobians. White pigment covers the area in the abdomen and sides. There are overo horses with a white head. But the legs of this subspecies are painted in the main color of the suit.
In the photo, a piebald horse of the color overo
Some members of this breed are partially albino. Nature has endowed such individuals with charming blue eyes. classical piebald horse, what she? Main hallmarks hers are: the mane and tail match the color of the body area at their base, as well as white limbs.
Pinto care and price
Caring for piebald horses does not require special skills. Their diet is similar to most others. Regular food and water intake required quantity- this is a guarantee of the health of the horse and its future offspring.
Do not forget about vitamins. It is thanks to the regular intake of vitamin complexes that the animal's coat will literally shine with health and beauty. Piebald horses are heat-loving animals.
In the photo, a piebald horse
Therefore, it is necessary to create appropriate conditions for the living of painted horses. There should be no drafts in the room. Do not forget about daily walks. A few laps around the parade ground will be enough to maintain a good physical condition and prevention of diseases of the cardiovascular system.
To control the condition of the animal, it is necessary to undergo an examination by a veterinarian 2 times a year. Check and helpful advice specialist will help prevent the occurrence of various diseases.
Proper care for such beauties includes regular cleaning, bathing and shoeing. Bathe them once a week. You need to use soap and a special brush.
Pictured is a red piebald horse
After washing, be sure to rinse and pat dry with a clean cloth. Thanks to regular water procedures Your pet's coat and mane will be beautiful and shiny. But to abuse washing is still not worth it during the molting period.
Horseshoeing is another important aspect of grooming. You can’t do without it if your horse is a participant in the races or is used for hard physical work. You can shoe both all four hooves, and only the front or rear. It all depends on which hooves will be loaded more.
The main thing to understand is that maintenance and care requires significant financial costs, a lot of time and effort. But if the difficulties do not frighten and the solution buy pinto horse already accepted, it remains to be decided what breed it will be, since any color of horses with a specific color is called piebald.
Pinto horse nutrition
The piebald horse is eating hay and forage. The amount of food consumed depends on the age, weight and health of the animal. When buying hay, make sure it is free of mold and dust.
Lots of variety on sale different options: alfalfa, grass hay, oats, palate. Young growth is recommended to be fed with concentrates. The most popular are oats, barley, beets, grains with molasses.
Favorite treats for painted horses are fruits and vegetables. To reward your pet, treat him to an apple or a carrot. If she licks dirt, it means that her body lacks salt and minerals.
Task good host provide it with vitamins, micro and macro elements. According to the rules of keeping, it is necessary to feed the horse several times a day.
It is also necessary to provide it with clean and fresh water. Water consumption per day is 35-48 liters. There are a number of foods and plants that should not be given. Euphorbia, lily of the valley, toadflax, yew, elderberry, oleander are poisonous.
From horse chestnut, laurel, azalea, phytoloccus, they begin to have diarrhea. Also, chaff, reed fescue and limited quantities of sweet clover, bran and meadow clover should be excluded from the diet of the horse. A piebald horse is susceptible to any change in diet. Therefore, give preference to already proven feeds.
Reproduction and lifespan
Reproduction consists of next steps: preparation (hunting), mating, bearing the fetus and the birth itself. Sexual behavior in these animals is already manifested in early age.
So the stallion can jumps on the mother at the age of 40-50 days. Therefore, it is very important to ensure that mating occurs only with sexually mature horses. Today, artificial insemination is actively used.
The mating season falls at the end of spring - the beginning of summer, when daylight hours are 14-16 hours. The preparatory period before mating in a mare is 5-7 days. Ovulation occurs on day 3-4.
In the photo a pinto horse with a foal
During this period, she responds positively to her partner. In some cases, you can use special drugs to stimulate this process.
Pregnancy lasts 320-350 days. The following external signs speak of the onset of foaling: the abdomen has increased, the ligamentous apparatus of the pelvis is relaxed, the udder is developed, colostrum has appeared, and the secretion of a mucous plug.
Well cared for horses live 25-30 years. Life expectancy also depends on the scope of use of these animals. So sports horses live up to 20 years, wild - 10-15 years, breeding stallions - 25-35 years, and domestic horses - 20-25 years.
In Russia, pinto horses are usually distinguished purely by the main suit - red-piebald, bay-piebald, crow-piebald, gray-piebald. On the background of the main suit are scattered white spots of uneven shape. The legs are usually not completely or completely white. The tail and mane are usually either white or a combination of white.
Piebald is partial albinism, like any other white markings on a horse's body. As a consequence of partial albinism, pinto horses may have blue eyes. Moreover, both and one eye can be equally bright. In America, horses with this type of color are registered as pintos or paints and are divided into 2 main types of color: overo and tobiano.
Tobiano: dark color usually covers one or both sides; usually all four legs are white, at least below the knee; usually dark areas have symmetrical oval or round outlines and go down the neck to the chest, forming the so-called shield; the tail is usually two-colored. The type of piebald tobiano color is determined by the dominant modifier gene To(recessive allele is denoted to).
The tobiano gene appears with varying intensity. This leads to the fact that sometimes piebald foals are born from non-piebald parents. There is a version that, in addition to the To gene, there is a non-allelic gene that “allows” the piebald suit to appear. If it is not there, the horse will be non-skewbald, having the dominant tobiano piebald gene, and non-skewbald horses will be born from it until the same non-allelic gene appears in the genotype of the offspring, which “allows” the manifestation of the skewbald suit.
Photos and drawings of different types of tobiano
Overo:
Overo includes 3 types:
1. Frame Overo:
Photos and drawings of different types of frame overo
frame- frame - translated as "frame". The suit got this name because either the white or the suit spot is surrounded by another color, as if in a frame. (That is, if you see a horse of the usual color, but with at least a small white “torn” spot, for example, on the neck, side, croup, then this is most likely a frame overo pattern, another question is whether we have such) white spots with torn edges are scattered over the main suit ("chintz" pattern); white - the area never crosses the line of the back, with the exception of cases when the white color predominates very much or when only the painted top of the head with ears remains from the main suit, the so-called “medical cap” pattern; the head is painted shapelessly, the eyes are often blue; legs - all or at least three - of the main suit; tail single color
The piebald frame color is determined by the dominant Fr gene (in Russian hippological literature, you can find the obsolete designation Ov or OV). Previously, there was an erroneous version that this gene is recessive, since piebald foals were sometimes born to two non-piebald parents. However, studies have confirmed that such parents simply do not have manifestations of this gene, in fact, being its carriers.
In the homozygous state, this gene is lethal, causing OLWS (Overo Lethal White Syndrome). The Fr gene in the homozygous state leads to underdevelopment of the colon, and the foal, being unable to defecate, dies of colic within two days after birth.
To avoid such situations, a horse with such a gene should only be bred with a horse that does not have it. In the USA, DNA analysis for the presence of the Fr gene is used to select such manufacturers.
2.Sabino overo:
on legs: white markings often rising quite high, covering almost the entire leg; often located on the stomach with a capture in varying degrees of the sides;
on the head - in the form of an extensive lantern or bald spot, often with the capture of the lower lip. It manifests itself either in the form of pure white spots with torn edges (in the picture - in Clydesdale with a child and boudin), or in the form of white hair mixed with the main suit, which is very similar to a roan, but not
has nothing in common with her in genetics (in the picture - in the American and gray Clydesdale) By the way, the usual white marks on the head and legs are also a manifestation of sabino
There is a version that there is a special dominant gene N, which gives permission for the appearance of white marks. Some believe that the dominant Sbino piebald gene is responsible for any white markings. However, these theories have not yet been either confirmed or refuted. Most modern scientists believe that sabino is controlled by several non-allelic genes.
At the molecular level, one allele of the sabino locus, Sb1, has been discovered. In the homozygous state, this gene determines the maximum manifestation of the sabino suit - a completely white coat color.
There was a version that in the homozygous form the Sabino genes are lethal, but the observation of the Shire and Clydesdale breeds, in which these genes are common, does not give grounds to support this version.
3. Overo splash white (splashed white)
Photos and drawings of different types of overo splashed white
The white color spreads from bottom to top, the horse looks like he walked through a deep puddle of white paint, not forgetting to put
face to the ears (a very characteristic feature)
It is believed that splashed white is regulated by an incomplete dominant Spl gene, that is, phenotypic manifestations depend on the number of these genes in the horse's genotype. Some scientists are of the opinion that heterozygous individuals have small markings, while homozygous individuals have large white spots on the body.
Recently, the opinion has been expressed that this type of piebald color is regulated by a group of non-allelic genes.
Tovero (Tovero = tow vair "o)
Toveros are horses that combine the characteristics of both Overo and Tobiano.
When breeding horses from Tobiano and Overo, a foal may be born, which is likely to carry a mixture of both types. Such a foal will inherit the type of the parent with the highest percentage of white on the body, but this is not always the case. That is why when crossing two various types it is not possible to guarantee a foal of a particular color type, as each parent passes on their "spotted" gene to the foal. And ultimately the foal has a huge chance of having very unusual markings with characteristics of both types.
Due to the fact that Toveros combine the characteristics of both Overo and Tobiano, sometimes there is confusion during registration. They are often mistakenly registered as either Overo or Tobiano, but there are several distinguishing characteristics that accurately describe Tovero as a separate type:
"Tobiano", having a "hat" or bald head (lantern) - almost always Tovero. Serrated, Overo-like spots are also a distinguishing feature of the Tovero.
"Overo" with predominantly white in the mane - under suspicion. Predominant white on all four legs may also be a cause for doubt, although actually white legs are not very significant in Tovero's identification. An Overo with Tobiano-like spots but without a single white hair on its back is usually a Tovero, and well-defined spots without "raggedness" are also a tell-tale sign.
As mentioned above, the question of an unambiguous definition of Tovero is very confusing. There are cases when the only way to determine exactly what type of piebald a particular animal has is a thorough study of its offspring. All this only makes life more difficult, as some Toveros are actually Tobianos with Toveros features!
Misconceptions and Facts About Pinto Horses
Misconception #1:"Blue and gray eyes are unique to Overo."
Fact: It has been documented that blue and gray eyes occur in horses of all varieties of pinto. The splashed white, frame overo, sabino, and tavero also have this feature because the color of the coat around their eyes is often white, and in this case this affects the color of the eye. Sometimes Tobiano also has one or two blue or gray eyes. It should also be emphasized that horses with blue or gray eyes are not blind! Pintos may be more sensitive to sunlight than normal horses, but this does not affect their vision in any way!
Misconception #2: "Tobianos have a white body with colored spots, while Overo has white spots scattered over the body of the main suit."
Fact: Each variant of the piebald color has a full spectrum, ranging from almost completely white to almost completely dark animals, with slight deviations in pigmentation.
Misconception #3: "Piebald horses usually have 'tinted' spots."
Fact: Many horses have shaded spots, but in the general mass their percentage is small. Shaded spots are more common in tobianos than in other types, but most horses do not have shading. The shading effect on the borders of the spots is obtained due to the fact that white hair grows on dark skin. And since white hair is more "transparent" than dark hair, you can sometimes see where the dark skin starts underneath the hair. Seen through white hair, dark skin appears gray or a lighter shade than the base color, and creates a soft, shadowed effect around the spot.
The Big Trouble of Pinto Horses
Despite the best efforts of breeders when breeding pinto horses (Pite, Pinto, etc.), it is never possible to guarantee with 100% accuracy that a foal will have a particular type of pinto.
But this is not the worst problem. A striking example of this is the crossing of two Overos. With such breeding, it would seem to the uninitiated observer that this idea is an excellent chance for the birth of a foal with a bright appearance, considering that both of his parents are pronounced Overos. This is often the case. However, if both Overos carry the frame overo gene, there is a one in four chance that there will be a stillborn white foal.
Research shows that if both parents are Splashed White, then the above case is not the case with very rare exceptions. The same is true of Sabino.
The result of crossing different types is shown below.
Green - Safe crosses that do not produce stillborn white foals. If you do not want stillborn white foals, use this option in your breeding program.
White spots are scattered across the background of the main suit. The legs are usually incomplete or completely white. The tail and mane are usually either white or a combination. Piebald is partial albinism, like any other white markings on a horse's body.
As a consequence of partial albinism, pinto horses may have blue eyes. Moreover, both and one eye can be equally bright.
In America, horses with this type of color are registered as pintos or paints and are divided into 2 main types of color: overo and tobiano.
Tobiano (Tobiano = tow be yah" no)
Tobiano: dark color usually covering one or both flanks; usually all four legs are white, at least below the knee; usually dark areas have symmetrical oval or round outlines and go down the neck to the chest, forming the so-called shield; the tail is usually two-colored. Glolov completely has the color of the main suit, there may be marks (bald head, star, blaze or whiteness).
Overo (Overo = oh vair "oh)
Overo: White usually does not cross the back between the withers and tail; at least one or even all four legs are dark in color; usually white areas are not symmetrical, but rather scattered or splashed, such a pattern is often called chintz; single tail.
Actually Overo includes three varieties:
1.
Frame Overo
2.
Splashed white (Splashed White)
3.
Frame Overo
This option is specific and beautiful, especially when pronounced. The name "frame" (from English - "frame") allows you to accurately describe this option: white spots are located on the sides of the horse, as if in a "frame" of the main suit that surrounds them. The overo frame is found in an exceptionally small number of North and South American breeds and is thought to have been inherited from Spanish horses.
Splashed white (Splashed White)
Pretty rare option. Such horses are characterized by - both light blue eyes, a white muzzle (lantern) or a completely head, all four legs are white, a completely or partially white tail, white on the body is distributed according to the scheme: from the very bottom of the abdomen to the shoulders, to the hips and from bottom of the neck - up. The most accurate description of this apprentice is as if the horse had been "dipped" into a vat of white paint.
In most horses, the body has the color of the main suit. In Australia, deafness is not uncommon in such animals.
The term "Sabino" in Spanish means "pale" or "mottled", and in Mexico and Argentina, the term is used to describe blond gray horses, or other finely spotted colors. In Europe, and more recently in the United States, the term "Sabino" is used to describe a unique and interesting subset of white speckled horses.
Sabino have a color and markings very similar to roans, but they are still genetically different. Like roan horses, the main color hair on the body is mixed with white, but in addition to this, Overo's characteristics are also inherent in such animals: high stockings, a white muzzle and white spots extending from the abdomen to the sides. Moreover, the spots do not have the correct shape with even borders, but, as it were, in torn patches.
The eyes are usually blue. But some Sobino may have one eye blue and the other brown.
The main suit can be bay, black, brown, etc. Which are used for better identification. Then they say: "bay sabino", "brown sabino", etc.
Sobinos are found in a wide variety of breeds throughout the world, including the Paint, Thoroughbred, Clydesdale Draft and many others. But in some breeds, Sabino's piebald foals are culled. These breeds include British pony breeds and the American Quarter Horse.
Tovero (Tovero = tow vair "o)
Toveros are horses that combine the characteristics of both Overo and Tobiano.
When breeding horses from Tobiano and Overo, a foal may be born, which is likely to carry a mixture of both types. Such a foal will inherit the type of the parent with the highest percentage of white on the body, but this is not always the case. That is why, when crossing two different types, it is not possible to guarantee the receipt of a foal of a certain type of color, because. each parent passes on their "spotted" gene to the foal. And in the end, the foal gets a huge chance of having very unusual markings with characteristics of both types.
Due to the fact that Toveros combine the characteristics of both Overo and Tobiano, sometimes there is confusion during registration. They are often mistakenly registered as either Overo or Tobiano, but there are several distinguishing characteristics that accurately describe Tovero as a distinct type:
"Tobiano", having a "hat" or a bald head (lantern) - almost always Tovero. Serrated, Overo-like spots are also a distinguishing feature of the Tovero.
"Overo" with predominantly white in the mane - under suspicion. Predominant white on all four legs may also be a cause for doubt, although actually white legs are not very significant in Tovero's identification. An Overo with Tobiano-like spots but without a single white hair on its back is usually a Tovero, and well-defined spots without "raggedness" are also a tell-tale sign.
As mentioned above, the question of an unambiguous definition of Tovero is very confusing. There are cases when the only way to determine exactly what type of piebald a particular animal has is a thorough study of its offspring. All this makes life only more difficult, because. some "Toveros" are actually Tobianos with "Tovero" features!
Misconceptions and Facts about Pinto Horses
Misconception #1:"Blue and gray eyes are unique to Overo."
Fact: It has been documented that blue and gray eyes are found in horses of all varieties of pinto.
The splashed white, frame overo, sabino, and tavero also have this feature because the color of the coat around their eyes is often white, and in this case this affects the color of the eye. Sometimes Tobiano also has one or two blue or gray eyes. It should also be emphasized that horses with blue or gray eyes are not blind! Pintos may be more sensitive to sunlight than normal horses, but this does not affect their vision in any way!
Misconception #2:"Tobianos have a white body with colored spots, while Overo has white spots scattered over the body of the main suit."
Fact: Each variant of the piebald color has a full spectrum, ranging from almost completely white to almost completely dark animals, with slight deviations in pigmentation.
Misconception #3:"Piebald horses usually have 'tinted' spots."
Fact: In many horses, the spots are shaded, but in the total mass their percentage is small. Shaded spots are more common in tobianos than in other types, but most horses do not have shading.
The effect of shading on the edges of the spots is obtained due to the fact that white hair grows on dark skin. And since white hair is more "transparent" than dark hair, you can sometimes see where the dark skin starts underneath the hair. Seen through white hair, dark skin appears gray or a lighter shade than the main suit, and creates a soft, shaded effect around the spot.
The Big Trouble of Pinto Horses
Despite all the efforts of breeders when breeding pinto horses (Pite, Pinto, etc.), it is never possible to guarantee with 100% accuracy that a foal will have a particular type of pinto.
But this is not the worst problem. A striking example of this is the crossing of two Overos. With such breeding, it would seem to the uninformed observer that this idea is an excellent chance for the birth of a foal with a bright appearance, considering that both of his parents are pronounced Overos. This is often the case. However, if both Overos carry the frame overo gene, there is a one in four chance that there will be a stillborn white foal.
Research shows that if both parents are Splashed White, then the above case is not the case with very rare exceptions. The same is true of Sabino.
The result of crossing different types is shown below.
| TYPE | Sabino | Tovero* | normal pigmentation *** | |||
| Sabino | ||||||
| Tovero** | ||||||
| normal pigmentation *** | normal pigmentation |
Safe crosses that do not produce stillborn white foals. If you do not want stillborn white foals, use this option in your breeding program.
Rarely give stillborn white foals (less than 1 in 4). These crosses are relatively safe, but stillbirths do occur from time to time.
At least 1 in 4 foals ends up with a stillborn white foal. The statistical probability of such an outcome is 25%. Such crosses should be AVOIDED.
* This capital does not give problems only when the horses are accurately identified as Toveros. A large number of Overos have heterogeneous overo genes, so there can be doubt that "frame" is not present in the expected "safe" cross. Also, Sabino very rarely produced stillborn white foals - however, the breeding may have had "hidden" frame genes.
** If Tovero's overgene is not a frame gene, the cross is safe or practically safe; if the overo gene is a frame gene, then an unfavorable outcome is rare in no more than 1 in 4.
*** Do not forget that the frame gene is "invisible" in horses with normal pigmentation, and if a stillborn white foal is born, then only in one case from a number of "safe" crosses, where there is a frame gene in a latent form.
