Waterproofing the pool under the tiles which is better. How to waterproof a pool from the inside

Very important point in the construction of a concrete pool, is the waterproofing of the pool bowl. It is this fact that should be studied more thoroughly before starting the planning of the pool. If waterproofing is neglected, then the pool bowl will be simply destroyed from the inside, by groundwater and water, which will be located directly in the pool itself.

It is foolish to assume that a person who cares about waterproofing simply does not know what to do with money. Pool waterproofing work is a necessity that serves to protect against damage in the form of cracks, collapses and water leakage. There are cases where appearance and expensive finishes play the first role for a person, and practically no attention is paid to waterproofing, which leads to a non-long-term pool itself and a waste of finances. Accordingly, the restoration of the pool and the work on laying the waterproofing layer will entail considerable financial investments.

If it so happened that the waterproofing of the pool bowl does not work or it does not exist at all, then you have to remove the decorative coating and completely dig out the pool. Then again carry out concrete work and close up the leakage cracks. That is why one of the first stages of construction should begin with waterproofing, only in this way it will be possible to use it for a long time without worrying about leaks and destruction.

Internal waterproofing of the pool bowl

At the beginning of construction, you should consider how to achieve tightness, and what you need to remember first.

A lot of importance in the construction of a concrete pool is the waterproofing work on the inside of the pool. This type of waterproofing will protect your building from even the smallest cracks, which are subsequently washed away by water and lead to the destruction of the entire concrete bowl. Any type of pool, including concrete, needs waterproofing, and at the same time, it doesn’t matter what its shape or size is.

It is important to remember that the waterproofing of a concrete pool must be carried out before finishing work on the inner surface of the pool. Often, if waterproofing is not done in time, then after the first filling, the concrete coating is destroyed, which no longer allows for high-quality waterproofing of the pool.

What is waterproofing for?

High level of protection against moisture due to waterproofing;
Accounting for the adhesion of waterproofing materials and the material from which the pool was mounted;
Cleanliness of ecology;
After waterproofing the pool, resistance to a large amount of water being filled in the pool increases;
Resistance to the appearance of mold fungi and the growth of bacteria after waterproofing;
Good adhesion of facing materials to the waterproofing layer.

There are several options for waterproofing, which are quite expensive in terms of finances, but at the same time, the highest quality and durability will be guaranteed. These waterproofing methods use waterproof materials such as waterproofing pads and finishing materials. But not everyone can afford expensive materials and use cheaper, traditional methods of pool waterproofing.

Type of waterproofing for swimming pools

The most popular materials for waterproofing a concrete pool bowl can be purchased at a store or on the market. Such materials for waterproofing include:

Liquid rubber compound;
Latex membrane;
PVC film;
Glass in liquid form;
Impregnation with polymerization process.

Well waterproofing the pool bowl PVC film. Only it should be very carefully and efficiently glued to the concrete surface, avoiding wrinkles, holes. Ensure a tight fit to the surface of the pool. This waterproofing material is excellently cleanable, resistant to sudden temperature fluctuations and can withstand both very high and low temperatures.

Rubber in liquid form is used in waterproofing for grouting joints, cracks. It copes well with its task, but it does not have resistance to sunlight, and in order for the rubber not to lose its properties, it should be treated with liquid glass on top. Both layers are applied only on a dry surface.

The latex mixture, when dried, becomes an elastic film, and in turn, in addition to the task of waterproofing, does not allow the development of mold and bacteria.

In the summer, every owner thinks about building a pool in the country: in such a reservoir you can cool off in the heat or play sports. However, not every homeowner can afford a full-fledged capital pool, but you can save on its construction if you do some of the work yourself.

Waterproofing the pool from the inside is an important stage of work, on which the tightness and quality of the coating of the future reservoir depend. You can process the walls of the structure yourself, the main thing is to know the rules for performing work.

Purpose of waterproofing

Not every novice master and even an experienced builder is a professional in the field of waterproofing. However, professionals speak about the importance of this stage, but why exactly is waterproofing needed and is it possible to do without it?

Waterproofing in construction is the application of a protective layer on the pool (or any other structure), which protects the interior of the building from destruction by water. The pool is in constant contact with water, which increases the risk of cracking the body of the font. Water penetrating the concrete contributes to its coloring, so the building, which is in direct contact with moisture, will not last long. After damage to the walls of the pool with water, it will be necessary to carry out major repairs, which can cost even more than building a new reservoir. Therefore, it is so important to carry out work on the waterproofing of the pool with high quality, for reservoirs it can be of two types:

internal;
external.

It is the internal waterproofing of the pool bowl that protects against the penetration of liquid into concrete. It is applied to the screed directly on the font, creating a mechanical barrier to water.

External waterproofing also protects the body of the building from moisture, it is external. The pool is exposed to moisture not only from the font, but also from the ground. And external waterproofing is especially important in areas with high groundwater. External processing of the pool is carried out with the addition of plasticizing and mineral inclusions, they not only reduce the water permeability of concrete, but also improve its mechanical characteristics. A common way to waterproof the pool outside is to install expanding rubber. It is a treatment with liquid rubber, which is applied outside the font. Compositions of this kind are produced in the form of mastics or pastes, which are convenient to apply with your own hands.

Types of waterproofing materials

The range of waterproof impregnations and mastics is very wide, which allows you to choose the material according to your wallet and taste. When buying a composition for processing and repair, you need to take into account the type of terrain and the climatic features of your locality. An important indicator is the type of pool.

The most common and effective waterproofing treatments are:

PVC film;
penetrating impregnation;
liquid glass;
mastic coating.

Bitumen-based waterproofing materials (such treatments are rarely used today, since the above waterproofing impregnations are more effective).

Stages of internal waterproofing

When processing the inside of the pool font, it is very important to follow a strict sequence of work. The instructions below will allow you to do everything yourself. Do-it-yourself pool waterproofing includes the following steps:

When the waterproofing is checked and dried - you can deal with the cladding. The decorative finish of the pool is made of mosaic or tile.

Liquid rubber treatment

Liquid rubber is a mastic based on bitumen and polymer additives. The material has a high degree of adhesion with concrete, and most importantly, liquid rubber perfectly protects the font from water penetration. The material is applied to the walls of the pool by spraying. It is optimal to treat the font with several layers of liquid rubber. It is most convenient to apply the material with a compressor, but it is also possible with a brush or roller, such processing will take much more time.

Note! Liquid rubber combines the characteristics of membrane and liquid waterproofing, which makes it extremely effective. When treated with such a mastic, cast impregnation is formed on concrete without seams and cracks. The coating has a pleasant surface, similar to PVC membranes, while it has a very high web strength. You can safely apply a decorative finish to liquid rubber, or you can leave the pool like that. Today, there are many varieties of such mastics of all colors, which allows them to be used as a topcoat, saving on tiles.

Before treating the pool with rubber materials, the surface must be leveled and thoroughly degreased. Then, with a compressor or a brush (with self-processing), the rubber is evenly distributed over the concrete, so that it covers all the walls.

Waterproofing with liquid glass

Liquid glass is made from sodium and potassium silicates. Waterproofing of pools with such material is carried out even during the construction of the pool font. Liquid glass is mixed into the concrete itself at the construction stage. Dilution proportions: 1 to 100 (1 liter of glass per 100 liters of solution). This inclusion makes the body of the reservoir durable and more resistant to mechanical stress. The main advantage of adding glass is the increase in the water-repellent properties of concrete.

Liquid glass can be applied to the body of the pool and after construction, directly onto the concrete. For such purposes, waterproofing coatings are produced with the same composition as in mortar additives. Such materials have high rates of waterproofing. In addition, liquid glass protects concrete from fungi, temperature, destruction and ultraviolet radiation. Liquid glass has a low cost, and a little material is required to process the pool, since it has a low consumption. The coating is very easy to use, so you can do the processing with such material yourself.

Applying glass is very simple, the technology includes the following work:

Surface preparation. Before processing with any coating, the concrete must be cleaned, the surface under the liquid glass must be rough, so if it is smooth, it is degreased. This measure is necessary for good adhesion.
Dilute the solution. It is necessary to prepare the solution strictly following the instructions, the recipe and proportions must be indicated on the package.
After complete mixing, the composition is applied to the concrete. When the first layer dries a little, you can apply the second. Rollers or brushes are used for processing.
Applying a finishing touch. Any kind of decorative finish can also be applied to liquid glass.

Liquid glass is unique in that it can be added at the stage of concrete mixing. This will free you from waterproofing work in the future.

PVC films

Today, PVC films are very popular in waterproofing concrete pools. The material has high strength, and most importantly - it absolutely does not let water through. In addition to waterproofing functions, the film acts as a decorative layer. Therefore, if you want to save on finishing, you should look at PVC materials.

Films differ not only in color, but also in thickness, strength and design. The material is produced with various patterns and imitations. In the construction market, you can find PVC films with a tile or mosaic pattern. The color of the films is very intense, and thanks to the protective layer, the coating does not fade with prolonged contact with ultraviolet light. For this quality, the material is often used in outdoor outdoor pools.

Laying and repairing with a film is little different from waterproofing with coatings. First, the pool is cleaned and dried. After that, fixing tapes and film holders are attached.

Important! The film is mounted on geotextiles, this increases the service life and quality of the coating. In addition, the layer reduces the friction of the PVC film on the concrete, thereby maintaining its integrity.

After placing the fasteners, the film is spread and welded with a special apparatus. This method is considered the most reliable and simple.

Conclusion

All types of waterproofing have their pros and cons, so choose the material that is right for your pool. Consider the ease of applying impregnation or film, if this is your first time doing such work, it is better to give preference to coatings and mastics. Waterproofing is extremely important in the construction of the pool, so it is highly undesirable to neglect it.

Many owners of private houses think about their pool, and the decent cost of a finished pool with installation scares off most dreamers. But you should not give up your dream, especially since you can arrange a pool on your site yourself. The reliability of the entire structure depends on many indicators, and one of them is the waterproofing of the pool. It is about her that will be discussed in our article, since with an independent pool device, high-quality waterproofing will be the key to the reliability of the entire structure, it will ensure correct and uninterrupted operation throughout the entire period of operation.

Purpose and types of waterproofing pools

To understand functional features waterproofing, it is worth understanding its varieties. So, there are two types of pool waterproofing:

outdoor;
internal.

External waterproofing is necessary to protect the structures of the pool from groundwater, and internal waterproofing protects concrete pool from the influence of the water collected in it.

Pools located inside the building have only internal waterproofing, and external insulation must be added to outdoor structures.

Do not think that high-quality waterproofing will solve all problems. She won't protect you from incorrect execution bowls of the pool and its subsequent destruction. The purpose of waterproofing is only to prevent the damaging effects of moisture, which can penetrate poor-quality materials or damaged areas.

The laying of waterproofing should also be carried out at the appropriate stage of construction before the start of operation of the pool. If the waterproofing was not completed on time, then cracks of more than 3 mm formed during operation will lead to damage to the entire structure and the waterproofing device at this stage will no longer help.

Depending on the material used, the following types of pool waterproofing are distinguished:

coating waterproofing
roll waterproofing.

The first type of waterproofing is laid on a carefully prepared bowl base with inside. The most commonly used one- or two-component cement-polymer waterproofing.

Roll waterproofing is used only for outdoor work, since these materials have poor adhesion to various surfaces. After laying on the ground, all seams are welded, and the edges are raised for their subsequent attachment to the waterproofing material of the walls.

Methods and technology of waterproofing

Do-it-yourself pool waterproofing comes down to creating a special protective layer outside and inside the pool bowl, which protects the structure from the damaging effects of moisture.

As you already understood, our task is to arrange two waterproofing layers, each of which is performed as follows:

The outer waterproofing layer is carried out by introducing plasticizing and mineral additives into the concrete mixture, which increase the strength and water resistance of the bowl. All this is carried out at the stage of construction or overhaul of the pool. For the same purpose, special profiles made of expanding rubber can be used.
The internal waterproofing layer is carried out before finishing the pool. Most often, reinforced coating waterproofing is used for these purposes. The purpose of this waterproofing layer is to prevent moisture from seeping out of the bowl into the structure.

Expert advice: although at first glance it may seem that high-quality waterproofing should be elastic, strong and durable, this is only partly true. Professionals say that an important feature of high-quality waterproofing is its ability to form a solid continuous monolithic layer.

Pool waterproofing materials

To date, there are many different waterproofing materials for pools, but you should choose them based on design features pool bowls. Let's look at each of these materials in more detail.

High strength polyethylene films

This waterproofing material is considered the most inexpensive and affordable building materials on the market, but it has one significant drawback - even the smallest hole on it will lead to the replacement of the entire waterproofing layer.

Membrane waterproofing materials (PVC film, TPO, EPDM)

The quality of this material has been tested for decades, but its installation requires the participation of qualified specialists. The disadvantages of membrane materials include their high cost and rather expensive installation, in addition, they are afraid of any mechanical damage.
Among the advantages can be listed:

durability of waterproofing (service life reaches 50 years);
ecological purity of the material;
the possibility of self-repair.

Penetrating waterproofing (mastics)

This material is a special penetrating mixture (mixtures of Xipex, Penetron, Kalmatron, etc.).

It is better not to use penetrating waterproofing as an independent waterproofing material. It is more suitable for repair purposes.

Bentonite mats

Natural sodium bentonite is used as the main ingredient in the mats. A feature of this material is its ability to self-regenerate. This happens when bentonite granules go into a gel-like state when moisture enters and absorbs into them. As a result, the resulting gel closes cracks and damage. The advantage of the material is its resistance to any kind of mechanical damage. Among the shortcomings it is worth listing:

the inability of the material to withstand high water pressure (the granules are easily washed out);
the ability to high-quality waterproofing appears only under a load of 200 kg / sq.m.

Liquid rubber

This seamless waterproofing material is ideally suited for the construction of pools of any configuration. Also, the material is absolutely safe for human health.

Special polymerizing impregnations (liquid glass)

This material is presented in the form of aqueous emulsions of polymer resins. These resins penetrate into the thickness of the concrete thicket and after a certain period of time polymerize (turn into plastic). This material is more suitable for the top of the pool. It creates an ideal base for the plaster layer.

Coating compositions for waterproofing

Applied to inner part pools in the form of pasty waterproof solutions. After drying, the compositions become waterproof. It's pretty reliable and effective method isolation.

Choose more expensive coating materials that are more effective, and when combined with fiberglass mesh, they provide excellent strength, durability, elasticity and water resistance.

Bitumen

A fairly inexpensive material that has a lot of disadvantages:

fragility;
low adhesion;
requires a perfectly flat base;
because of the irregularities of the base, it quickly deteriorates.

The cost of materials for waterproofing the pool

How to waterproof the pool with liquid rubber, see the video:

Instructions for waterproofing pools

As you already understood, all work on self-waterproofing of the pool can be divided into two stages:

External insulation device to protect the structure from groundwater.
Organization of waterproofing of the pool bowl from the inside.

At the first stage, you need to do the following:

At high level groundwater, it is necessary to take measures to reduce them even before the start of work on the construction of the pool. The groundwater level must not exceed the bottom plate of the pool. To solve this problem, a drainage system is being installed around the base of the pool.
Before laying the waterproofing, it is necessary to prepare the base of the pool. For this purpose, a cement-sand screed is performed.
Now you can lay the external waterproofing of the pool. It is carried out with a large margin at the edges, so that in the future it can be brought to the wall and attached to the internal insulation of the walls. For this purpose, you can use a PVC film or any other rolled waterproofing.
At low tide, the pool bowl should also take care of waterproofing. For this purpose, it is better to use concrete not lower than grade B6.

In order to increase the waterproofing properties of concrete, it is worth adding plasticizing and special waterproofing additives to it, which, in addition to additional waterproofing, give concrete strength and durability.

At the second stage, we carry out the internal waterproofing of the pool (including under the tiles). Here we need to perform the following sequence of actions:

After pouring and hardening of the pool bowl, it must be thoroughly dried and plastered.
Now you can proceed to the internal waterproofing of the pool with your own hands. For this purpose, any elastic waterproofing mixture is used, which is applied to the inner surface of the pool bowl in two layers.
To prevent leakage, it is necessary to evenly distribute the layers of the mixture along the walls and bottom of the pool.
After the waterproofing has dried, it is necessary to check the pool for leaks. To do this, the bowl is filled with water and checked after a while.

As you can see, such an abundance of waterproofing materials will allow you to easily waterproof the pool with your own hands and your dream of owning a pool will become a reality.

Do-it-yourself pool waterproofing: materials, tips, instructions, 3.5 out of 5 based on 40 ratings

Many consider pools to be attributes of a “beautiful” life and associate them with expensive multi-storey cottages and mansions. In fact, everything is not quite so. Any owner of a country cottage or home can pamper his family with the presence of a swimming pool.

It is only necessary to carry out the construction work correctly. Special attention should be given to protect the structure from water. It is important to choose the right materials for waterproofing pools, in which we are ready to provide effective assistance.

The article submitted for consideration describes in detail all the options for protecting the bowls of swimming facilities from the effects of water. We have described in detail the main characteristics and methods of applying formulations and waterproofing coatings. Based on our recommendations, you will not go wrong with the purchase.

Waterproofing in construction is understood as a set of works aimed at arranging effective protection against moisture. Swimming pools are no exception. They must be protected from the damaging effects of water.

It must be understood that the bowl is a complex structure, inside which there is enough big mass water. It puts pressure on the walls of the pool, and when filling or lowering, additional efforts are applied to them.

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Waterproofing measures necessary to protect the concrete bowl from the action of an aggressive environment are carried out both from the inside and outside the walls of the pool bowl

The waterproofing device uses a wide range of coating materials, two- and one-component, made on a cement basis

Waterproofing work is carried out much faster if a sprayed polymer agent is chosen as the material.

At the highest pace, work is carried out using rolled bitumen-polymer materials and polymer membranes

Waterproofing outside the pool

Coating waterproofing agents

Polymer sprayed waterproofing

Sealing waterproofing for swimming pools

The slightest cracks or any other defects will become a serious threat to the entire structure. Under the influence of moisture, even microscopic flaws quickly turn into a serious problem.

Therefore, it is very important to prevent contact between water and the walls of the structure. Most pools are built of concrete. This is a porous material that instantly absorbs moisture. It is very bad that the water inside the concrete structures quickly destroys them.

Waterproofing is necessary to protect the concrete structure from groundwater and from water in the pool bowl, which as a result significantly extends the service life of the structure.

But not only concrete is threatened by excess moisture. From the inside, the walls of the bowl are usually reinforced with metal rods. The porous material freely passes water to the reinforcement.

As a result, it corrodes and quickly crumbles. Thus, without proper waterproofing, a bowl that is under severe stress will literally crumble in the shortest possible time.

A swimming pool is a complex structure that experiences constant loads associated with the water that fills it. The slightest defects in the base can provoke destruction. Without waterproofing, this process will go many times faster.

High-quality waterproofing of the pool must meet the following requirements:

Durability and long service life;
High resistance to adverse external influences;
Good adhesion.
High elasticity.

Ideally, the insulating layer should have all the properties listed above and at the same time form a seamless monolithic coating that covers the entire surface of the bowl.

Not only the bowl needs protection from moisture, but also the outer side of the structure. For arranging external waterproofing, a clay castle is often used.

About ways to carry out waterproofing of the pool bowl, available for doing it yourself, is described in detail in this article. It also provides the materials needed to form a flawless defense.

Types of pool waterproofing

The structure is protected from water from the outside and inside, and therefore the waterproofing materials used are divided into two groups.

External moisture protection of the bowl

External waterproofing is used to protect the structure from flood and groundwater. It is relevant for street structures deepened into the ground. The requirements for external waterproofing are similar to those for moisture protection of foundations.

The main difference lies in the shrinkage rates and changes in the geometry of the bowl design, which occur under the influence of a significant mass of water on it. Before building a bowl, it is necessary to carefully study the soil structures in the selected area, find out the level of soil freezing, as well as the depth of groundwater.

It is very important that the level of the bottom plate of the bowl is not lowered below the depth of groundwater. If so, waterproofing alone will not be enough. In this case, groundwater must be diverted from the structure using a drainage system.

The internal waterproofing of the bowl protects the structure not only from moisture, but also from the damaging effects of chemicals, so it must be resistant to them

The most proven and affordable method of arranging external waterproofing is considered to be a clay castle, which is mounted directly during the construction period. After the soil is taken out of the pit prepared for the pool, clay is poured into it and it is carefully compacted.

This is the clay castle. The best result is achieved when it is used in combination with other insulating materials: adhesives, coatings or penetrating materials.

It is necessary to choose the option of an external hydrobarrier for the bowl at the design stage. After that, it is more expensive and more difficult to eliminate imperfections and apply material to the walls. And it will be impossible to protect the bottom at all.

Internal waterproofing of the pool

Inner bowl insulation is a must for any type of pool. The insulating layer protects the material from which the structure is made from the damaging effects of moisture and chemical compounds.

Most often, the composition includes protection against disinfectants, which will necessarily be present in the water. The latter are relatively safe for humans, but they are an aggressive environment for building materials.

Waterproofing not only protects the pool from moisture, but also from possible leakage and corrosion. Internal insulation will be considered of high quality if it is resistant to opening holes and cracks up to 3 mm wide.

It is desirable that the waterproofing layer be low, but at the same time elastic. The material must have good adhesion to the substrate and maximum water resistance.

In addition, the insulating coating must resist hydrostatic and dynamic loads and fully comply with environmental standards. It would be nice if the waterproofing suppressed the activity of microorganisms. Another important nuance- full compliance with the type of finish chosen, otherwise it will not be possible to carry out a full lining of the bowl.

The internal waterproofing of the bowl is applied at the final stages. You can choose the material for it even after all the work on the construction of the bowl has been completed, but always before the cladding.

Materials for insulation work

For waterproofing bowls, most different materials. Each of them has certain advantages and disadvantages. In order to make an informed choice, you should carefully study Various types isolation.

The waterproofing of the pool is carried out using all types of waterproofing materials used to perform water protection of underground structures and hydraulic structures

Bituminous coatings

Appeared on the construction market more than half a century ago. Are issued in the form of the built-up roll materials, roofing material, bituminous mastics.

Bituminous coatings have a number of advantages:

High elasticity, which virtually eliminates damage to the insulation during operation and during further finishing work.
Effective moisture protection.
Long service life.
The possibility of carrying out work on laying the material and subsequent finishing at any time of the year.
Resistant to almost any aggressive influences, including chemicals.
Most materials are affordable.

Despite a fairly large number of advantages, bituminous coatings for waterproofing pools are used quite rarely. This is more true for welded roll materials, which are difficult to apply.

Hot solutions are also difficult to install. The main obstacle to the use of bituminous materials for pool insulation is poor adhesion with adhesives used to decorate bowls.

Bituminous roll insulation materials for waterproofing pools have become less common, as they are not always compatible with adhesives used for subsequent decoration.

Mortars based on cement

The composition of such mixtures usually includes three components. The first is an astringent. This is a high-quality cement, which provides the material with strength and partially repels water.

The second is the filler: fine quartz sand. The third is polymer additives. Various substances that increase the hydrophobic properties of the mixture, adhesion and elasticity. These can be synthetic resins or vinyl acetate.

Cement-based waterproofing provides a very durable, waterproof, breathable coating that is easy to apply to the finish.

Cement-based waterproofing has many advantages:

Good adhesion. The material adheres well to wood, brick, concrete, metal, etc. The adhesion of cement insulation is much higher than that of bitumen-polymer or bituminous.
High abrasion resistance and mechanical strength.
Water permeability. Insulation does not allow water to penetrate into the base, but at the same time allows the moisture inside to evaporate. This ensures that there are no possible delaminations.
Possibility of drawing if necessary not only on dry, but also on the damp basis.
Environmental Safety.
Fast drying. After 10-14 days, the surface treated with cement compositions is ready for further finishing. Additional preparation is not required - finishing materials hold well on such a basis.
Long service life.

Practice shows that during the entire period of operation, repair of cement waterproofing is not required. It is quite simple to apply and can be laid on the surface of a wide variety of configurations.

The cost of coverage is relatively low. The main disadvantage of cement waterproofing is high rigidity. It is not elastic, so if a crack appears in the bowl, the insulating layer will inevitably be destroyed.

In order to level the main disadvantage of cement waterproofing, high rigidity, it is worth using special two-component solutions and additionally gluing all joints with an elastic tape

This problem is solvable. On sale you can find special two-component compositions based on cement with a high content of the polymer component. Such mixtures are stacked in several layers. A reinforcing fiberglass mesh is mounted between them.

Rubber-polymer elastic bands are additionally applied to all internal corners. The result is an insulating coating that outperforms bitumen in its characteristics. However, its cost is quite high.

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By the beginning of work, the concrete base must be leveled, dried, and impeccably cleaned. Before using the mixture directly, the surface must be moistened

Use better proven means for waterproofing. COVERFLEX two-component water-repellent compound with excellent adhesion, resistant to chlorine and sulfates

HIDROFLEX brand waterproofing paste, after being applied to the surface to be treated, forms a waterproof elastic film of green color

The waterproof composition is supplied complete, it includes two substances to be mixed before application. Available in white and gray

AQUAMASTER waterproofing agent is fully prepared for application. Applicable for the device of hydroprotection of pools and other underground structures

A composition that quickly gains working hardness is necessary for the rapid fixation of fasteners and other parts, and the elimination of pressure leaks.

Actively in demand in the field of pool waterproofing, ELASTOCEM brand compositions are affordable and easy to use. The solution is applied to the reinforcing fiberglass mesh

In the arrangement of the pool, you will certainly need reinforcing tapes from LITOBAND, which are necessary to strengthen the corner junctions

The specifics of the preparation of the concrete base

Waterproofing compound COVERFLEX

HIDROFLEX waterproofing paste

White composition ELASTOCEM (A+B)

Ready-to-use AQUAMASTER

Fast curing LITOBLOCK AQUA

Popular variant of ELASTOCEM MONO

Reinforcing tapes for corner joints

Penetrating type waterproofing

Penetrating insulation is produced as a mixture, which includes high-quality Portland cement, filler and active chemical additives.

The additives are alkaline earth and alkali metal salts or polymers. After dissolving in water, a liquid working solution is obtained, which is applied to the base, forming an external protective coating.

Its main difference from analogues is that the composition penetrates into the base through pores, structural capillaries and microcracks. Here the mixture is converted into water-insoluble waterproofing crystals.

The base material becomes impervious to moisture and at the same time strengthens, which significantly extends its service life. This effect does not give any of the known types of waterproofing.

In addition, coating and roll materials, when applied, form a non-breathable dense film on the surface. If there was moisture in the pores of the base, and this happens very often, it will remain inside, which over time can lead to mold.

Penetrating compounds work differently. When they enter the pores of the base, they crystallize and at the same time displace moisture and vapors to the outside.

The principle of operation of penetrating waterproofing is based on changing the structure of the processed building material, in the array of which all pores and microcracks are filled to the depth of the mixture

Only after all moisture is removed from the base, the crystallization process stops and a protective layer forms on the surface. Penetrating mixtures can fill the thickness of the concrete base 35-40 cm deep.

At the same time, penetrating compositions completely seal cracks and other defects up to 0.4 cm wide. The service life of the material is 70-100 years, while rolled and coating analogues serve 25-30 years.

In addition, the advantages of penetrating waterproofing include the following:

Forms a sealed seamless coating, which is highly resistant to mechanical damage and aggressive chemical influences. It doesn't crack or flake off.
Ease of preparation of the mixture and further installation. The composition can be applied to a damp base. There is no need to pre-dry it.
Ability to process both new and old designs. The latter is relevant when carrying out repair work.
Complete environmental safety, both for people and for the environment.
When applied to a reinforced concrete structure, the composition protects the metal component from corrosion, which extends the service life by about three times.
The composition can be applied in any weather. Application temperatures of the solution are from +75 to -30C. Compositions have been developed that can be used on hot surfaces.
After the mixture dries, it becomes a good base for further finishing. No preparatory work is required.

The disadvantages of penetrating materials include the selectivity of application. They are not placed on very porous materials such as expanded clay concrete, slate-ash concrete and the like.

A large number of pores will require a significant consumption of expensive insulation, which is very disadvantageous. In addition, the material must not be applied to the areas of connection of elements of water supply equipment with a concrete base.

Waterproof film coating

It is a polyvinyl chloride or polyester film that fits into the bowl. There are several types of this coating available. The unreinforced fabric is the least durable.

This is a single-layer material with low performance and budget price. Such a film is used most often for the insulation of prefabricated models of pools.

The pvc film coating performs two functions for the pool bowl at once. It is a good waterproofing and a beautiful decorative coating.

Reinforced films are characterized by greater reliability and strength. They are a multilayer coating, where reinforcing polyester threads are laid between the film panels.

Such material easily withstands sufficiently large loads without any signs of deformation. The outer coating of the films also varies. The most practical option is with an anti-slip layer.

Film coating is quite difficult to install. It is most often performed by specialists with experience in carrying out such work and the skill of connecting panels using hot air welding.

On sale you can find a film with an acrylic coating, which prevents the active reproduction of microorganisms, which greatly facilitates the care of the pool.

The advantages of waterproofing film include:

Attractive appearance. Such a coating is not only waterproofing, but also the decor of the bowl. The material is available in a variety of colors and textures. Especially good imitations of mosaic tiles, stone and sand.
High resistance to various aggressive environments, frost resistance.
Ease of maintenance. The coating is easy to clean with the most common soap solution.
Possibility of laying during construction on a new bowl or during renovation on a prepared old base. In this case, the panel can be applied over the old finish, for example, laid on ceramic tiles.
Low material cost.

Among the shortcomings, the main one is considered to be a rather short service life of such a coating. It is about 5-10 years, after which the cloth must be changed.

This is due to the fact that during operation the film inevitably loses color saturation and becomes covered with scratches. This happens especially quickly with intensive use of the pool; for home structures, the process usually proceeds more slowly.

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From a waterproofing polymeric membrane with reinforcement, the internal coating of prefabricated pools is made

Step 1: Before laying the inner insulating-protective shell, the bottom and walls of the pool are thoroughly cleaned from grains of sand, fine gravel and organic contaminants

Step 2: A custom-made pool cover is carefully placed inside the pool

Step 3: To evenly lay the membrane inside the pool, the edges of it are fixed on the sides of the bowl with clamps

Step 4: Taking off your shoes, so as not to damage the membrane, carefully level it inside the structure, trying to get rid of the slightest folds

Step 5: The waterproofing and decorative shell is attached to the side of the bowl with nails, after which the clamps are removed

When performing subsequent work on the construction of a private pool, you should be careful about the membrane, trying not to damage it with careless movement.

Finish: After filling the pool bath with water, the fastening line of the polymer membrane is closed with a rail

Waterproofing and finishing of the bowl

Liquid rubber for waterproofing

The coating is a modified latex-bitumen emulsion. It includes two mutually insoluble components - water and bitumen. At its core, it is a bituminous emulsion, the performance of which is improved with the help of latex.

The name liquid rubber is somewhat unjustified, because the basis of the material is not rubber at all, like classic rubber. However, it stuck. Two main types of coating are produced: one and two-component. The latter has a more complex composition and better characteristics. In addition, the material differs in the way it is applied to the base.

It can be spraying, staining or pouring. It must be admitted that best result gives the first option. True, its implementation requires special expensive equipment, which only trained workers can handle.

Liquid rubber is highly elastic, which helps it easily withstand sudden temperature changes and resist mechanical stress.

Liquid waterproofing has many advantages:

It forms a monolithic completely sealed coating, on which there are no even the slightest joints.
High adhesion to any substrate.
Fills microcracks and small defects in the base.
Good elasticity, which implies the ability to return to its original position after a short-term increase in size. Therefore, the coating is particularly resistant to temperature extremes and high humidity.
Short installation time. The process of applying liquid rubber is mechanized, which allows it to be laid several times faster than, for example, gluing materials.
Ecological safety of waterproofing material.
Good maintainability of the coating. Defects are easily eliminated by applying a new portion of the mixture.
Top coats can be applied over the liquid rubber. It is also possible to use without additional decor. The material is available in various colors, which improves its decorative properties.

The disadvantages of liquid rubber include high sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation. It is impossible to leave such a coating without applying a special protective layer if the pool is located under direct sunlight.

Another disadvantage is the rather high cost of the coating, especially if it is applied by spraying. In this case, the cost of the work on its application is added to the price of the material.

For applying liquid rubber to the base can be used various ways, it all depends on the form of release of the composition. It can be spraying or smearing. The latter is much cheaper.

Insulating coating "liquid glass"

Under this name, a composition based on water mixed with natural potassium or sodium silicates is known. It has a special viscosity and perfectly copes with waterproofing.

Small crystals that are visible in the material, after being applied to the base, increase in size and fill in all cracks and small defects. Liquid glass is absolutely impervious to water and air.

In addition, the insulating coating also has antiseptic properties - microorganisms do not live on it. It is anti-static, which means it does not accumulate static electricity. Liquid glass acts as a hardener for the base. It significantly strengthens the structure of the material on which it is applied.

In addition, among the advantages liquid waterproofing can be attributed:

High degree of adhesion. The material fits perfectly on almost any base, penetrating into the smallest cracks and thereby holding them together.
The resulting insulating coating has no seams and joints, completely sealed.
High water repellency. The insulating layer is completely impervious to water.
Relatively low cost of the finished coating compared to other waterproofing materials.
Economical consumption of liquid glass when laying the insulating layer.
Environmental Safety. The composition of the waterproofing agent does not include toxic substances.
The ability to lay the coating in high humidity conditions, which is impossible for other materials.

Liquid glass has enough disadvantages. First of all, it is a short service life. He is only 5 years old. After this time, the material begins to self-destruct.

The coating that forms liquid glass is quite fragile and breaks down over time, so it needs additional protection.

True, if it is covered with a protective layer of paint, it will last much longer. It is not recommended to use liquid glass on brick surfaces, otherwise the base may be destroyed. Another disadvantage is the difficulty in applying the material, since it dries very quickly.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Video #1 How to use liquid rubber for swimming pool waterproofing:

Video #2 Pool waterproofing with polyvinyl chloride roll material:

Video #3 Features of the use of liquid glass:

We made sure that the range of waterproofing materials that can be used in the construction of pools is quite large.

When choosing the best option, one should take into account the material from which the bowl will be made, the operating conditions of the structure and other features of a particular design. Only in this case it will be possible to expect that the new pool will serve for a long time and without problems.

The device of a concrete bowl, despite the emergence of new structures, is the most common option for the construction of stationary pools. However, this material tends to absorb moisture, which subsequently destroys the structure.

Agree, it would not be desirable, having spent a lot of money on the construction of an artificial reservoir, to find cracks in a couple of years. Timely waterproofing of the pool will help prevent the appearance of defects on the concrete bowl.

We will tell you about the most effective methods of protection against moisture, and also describe in stages the technology for arranging a hydro-barrier.

Concrete is a strong and durable material, but it is characterized by increased porosity. The water seeping into the thickness of the material is easily absorbed and retained for a long time, becoming a favorable environment for the development of mold.

When exposed to sub-zero temperatures, such a wall becomes a conductor of cold, and freezing of the liquid leads to the appearance of cracks and mechanical destruction of the structure.

Due to the porous structure, a concrete or reinforced concrete mass is not able to resist the infiltration of water into the thickness of the structure.

The device of reliable waterproofing of the inner surface of the pool bowl is beyond doubt, since it is filled with water. However, destruction can also occur from the outside.

Concrete is characterized by the so-called "capillary suction" of liquid, when moisture is drawn in from the environment - soil, air with high humidity, when precipitation enters. Due to this outer side pool bowls are also necessarily subjected to waterproofing measures.

When constructing a pool bowl from separate concrete slabs or blocks, poor-quality waterproofing leads to gradual destruction and washing out of the solution in the seams and active leaks

Often the walls of the pool are built from separate blocks. In this case, the danger is the connecting seams. The strength of the connecting mortar is significantly lower than the strength of concrete slabs. Therefore, if water begins to seep in such a place, then under the influence of the pressure of the liquid mass, the material quickly collapses.

First there is a drip, then a small leak, which washes out the particles of the solution and turns into a decent leak.

liquid rubber and water-based polymer compounds;
deep penetration materials;
protection with polymeric membranes.

You can use a combination of three tools at once, or limit yourself to two.

Finishing with tiles or mosaics looks aesthetically pleasing and can turn a simple pool into a work of art. This is a durable coating that can last for several decades. For guard concrete structure from the possible penetration of water through the seams, a reliable layer of waterproofing under the cladding is required

Does not lose relevance and facing the surface of the tank bowl ceramic tiles or mosaic. Such a coating is durable - it is resistant to any impact, washes well and calmly withstands water pressure.

Individual elements are absolutely waterproof. The seams are dangerous. Even the use of waterproof grout does not guarantee against liquid penetration.

Therefore, before facing, the surface must be treated with moisture protective agents. The combination of a penetrating compound with a coating mastic is the most effective waterproofing of the pool bowl applied under the tiles.

For pools located indoors, the correct one will play an important role in maintaining normal humidity.

How to make your own waterproofing

The most simple and effective method for independent waterproofing of the pool is the application of penetrating, and then viscous coating compositions. However, in order for the coating to be reliable, it is necessary to follow the technology.

The ambient temperature during work should not be lower than +5°C. In hot sunny weather, the mastic application areas are shaded or work in the morning and evening.

The mastic must be thoroughly mixed before use. To do this, use a ribbon mixer to prevent air entrainment in the coating mixture.

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