Hand-to-hand fighting style of Krav Maga. Krav Maga is a military system of hand-to-hand combat.

On request for the word " krav maga » search engines Internet give out an average of 15,000 hits. Approximately half of them lead to two articles by Alex Levitas - “ krav maga Israel: Israeli style hand-to-hand combat" And " krav maga: use what is at hand. Another hundred or two links will lead you to various reprints of articles by Stanislav Leikin from the site krav-maga.spb.ru; a thousand, if not more, celebrity sites will tell you exactly what krav maga studied Jennifer Lopez for the filming of the film "Pretty" ...

The remaining 6-7 thousand links lead to various forums dedicated to martial arts, where fierce disputes between the blind and the deaf boil (because the participants in the disputes, as a rule, krav maga they didn’t practice and didn’t see it, but only heard or read about it - see all the same excellent articles by A. Levitas) on the topic “bullshit, this is your Jewish hand-to-hand combat or the super special forces and Mossad training system.”

Thus, it can be stated that the interest in krav maga in the Russian-speaking part of the Internet is very, very high, and the amount of available information is negligible. This has led to the birth of a mass of myths and misconceptions about krav maga. With the ten most popular myths, we will try to figure it out below.

Myth 1. Krav Maga is an Israeli martial art.

Israeli - yes. Combat - yes. Art is not.

Krav Maga is about as different from traditional martial arts as a hammer is from a rapier. And this is not about the effectiveness or advantage of a hammer over a rapier (all modern systems oppose their "applied, real, street, total, deadly, etc." style to "obsolete, unviable, mossy, etc." traditional systems) is about the scope.

I'll try to explain.

The rapier is a weapon that appeared in a certain historical period (16-17 centuries), as an evolution of more ancient weapons(sword) as a result of changes in society (lightening, and later - the disappearance of armor), and lost all meaning with the invention of multiply charged handguns (capsule revolvers).

A hammer is a tool consisting of a handle (wooden, plastic, metal) and a head (stone, plastic, metal, wood) mounted on it. Appeared in the Stone Age and is still used today, changing in every possible way.

Foil fencing developed as a system of stances, movements, strikes, defenses and feints in many European schools, which led to the emergence different styles- French, Italian, Spanish, German. Much later, sports fencing appeared. But all these schools are united by several general principles: the battle is fought with the help of a rapier, a certain stance is used, a set of techniques and tactical maneuvers characteristic of this school. This is what allows us to consider rapier fencing as a martial art, where it is unacceptable to replace a rapier with a katana, a fencing stance with a boxing stance, and a flanconade with a brush lever outward. Of course, no one forbids doing all this in a real fight - but then it will no longer be rapier fencing, which has been studied in the halls since the time of Talgofer and Marozzo, but some kind of system of "total real applied combat on rapiers" - i.e. the notorious "dirty street kenjutsu".

The hammer, in turn, will always remain a hammer. A blacksmith's sledgehammer or a dentist's hammer, a carpenter's nail puller or a mallet, an inertialess hammer or a psychotherapist's hammer, a combat pick or a hammer, an alpenstock or even a pneumatic jackhammer - it's still a hammer. A tool designed to solve specific problems. Changing its size, shape, method of application, depending on the tasks. And still remaining at the same time a hammer.

Krav Maga This is not a martial art. Krav Maga is a problem solving tool. Core krav maga – basic principles and the main set of tactical technical actions– allow you to adapt this tool to solve a wide range of problems.

The army needs to teach soldiers the basics of hand-to-hand combat in a month and a half of training - please, army krav maga: "kicked and shot." The police need to twist the criminal - here's the police krav maga: "lie down, goat." Do civilians want to live too? civil krav maga: hit and run. Self-defense for women is based on the task of “get off me, freak”, and melee for bodyguards is based on the “take the client away” scheme. But there are still developments krav maga for children, for taxi drivers, for stewards of the El Al airline, for ambulance attendants and employees of mental hospitals ...

Wherein krav maga still remains krav maga(and a hammer is a hammer)! The task changes, but not the means of its solution. External signs change (not a single instructor krav maga will not argue to the point of hoarseness on the topic “is it possible to tear off the heel in zenkutsu-dachi”), the basic principles remain the same (“threat point”, “recoiling” and many others).

It is the presence of these principles (as well as the presence of a handle and a head that defines the concept of a "hammer - a hand-held percussion instrument") that allows us to talk about krav maga as a specific tool for solving problems in the field of personal security.

And that brings us to myth #2.

Myth 2. Krav Maga is another mixfight, or just an ordinary melee

The first synthetic hand-to-hand combat system, combining the techniques of different styles, arose in Europe in 1898. Its author was the English engineer Edward William Barton-Wright. The system was called Bartitsu (the name was formed from the surname of the author "Barton" and the traditional "jiu-jitsu") and included techniques from the classical schools of jiu-jitsu, judo, English boxing, savate and cane fencing school of the Swiss professor Pierre Vigny. It was with the help of bartitsu (erroneously called "baritsu") that Sherlock Holmes cast Professor Moriarty into the abyss of the Reichenbach Falls.

Bartitsu did not outlive her creator and is practically forgotten now; but it was she who paved the way for lovers to compose tricky words and invent synthetic styles. In the twentieth century, many such styles were born. I will list just a few of them: jukado, kajukenbo, jitkundo, wun-hop-kuen, ukidokan ... Domestic authors prefer abbreviations: UNIBOS, SPAS, IZBOR, ISRB, RUB, SRUB ... But there is also A. Taras’ “Fighting Machine” and “ Fighting Machine” by V. Schlachter, “Boibo”, “Steel Falcon”, Da-jie-shu and many, many others.

History of creation krav maga, at first glance, forces us to attribute this system to the category of synthetic ones. There is one author - Imi Lichtenfeld, it is known that he was seriously engaged in wrestling, boxing and jiu-jitsu, therefore, krav maga there is a synthesis of boxing, wrestling and jiu-jitsu techniques.

This conclusion is not correct. History of creation krav maga much more reminiscent of the creation of Soviet sambo. And in fact, and in another case, there was a place to be His Majesty the State Order. Krav Maga was originally developed not at the whim of the Founding Father, but for the needs of the army and police. Krav Maga focused not on the abilities of the Founding Father, but on a simple unprepared person. Finally, krav maga was created "from scratch", and not by borrowing techniques.

First, I. Likhtenfeld developed theoretical principles krav maga. They were superimposed on the motor base - stances, movements, strikes, defenses, pain controls. Yes, the stance is like a stance from boxing, and pain controls are like from jiu-jitsu, but only because all people have two arms, two legs and one head, and a punch will always remain a punch - at least externally, because at the core a simple blow the fist may lie on the principle of "shuttle", "hikite", "wave", "center line" or, in the case of krav maga, "recoiling".

Therefore, we can only talk about external similarity krav maga with boxing or jiu-jitsu. At the level of the engine base krav maga is a unique system, which brings us to the debunking of the second part of this myth - " krav maga"It's just a normal hand-to-hand."

The so-called "noname" hand-to-hand combat (or Army hand-to-hand combat - ARB) is usually understood as a mixture of boxing, karate and sambo techniques taught in the armed forces of the USSR since the mid-1980s - and the proportions of these techniques, as a rule, are determined by the previous one, up to - military experience of the instructor: former boxer relies on strikes, the sambo wrestler relies on throws, and the karateka is indispensable when breaking bricks on Paratrooper's Day. Army instructions for physical training(NPRB-38, NFP-59, NFP-66, NFP-78, NFP-87) allocate a maximum of 20-25 pages to the preparation for hand-to-hand combat, practically unchanged over the past 60 years.

difference krav maga from ARB or "noname" melee weapons are visible to the naked eye: tricks krav maga recognizable, in contrast to "kickboxing in camouflage." They are recognizable mainly due to the presence of "crowns", or specific techniques that are characteristic only for krav maga- this is the capture of the pistol bolt, and the capture of the armed hand with the elbow bend, and the entrance to the attack with the "beak" ...

Of course, these techniques can be found in jiu-jitsu, sambo, and aikido. But the system is determined not by the presence of certain techniques, but by the general motor base and the theoretical principles underlying them.

Therefore, it can be said with certainty that krav maga- this is not another mixfight, and certainly not the fruit of the individual creativity of army or police instructors.

Myth 3. Krav Maga is just a set of "scum"

There are techniques that allow you to quickly and effortlessly disable the enemy.

All "lethal", "super-efficient", "striking" strikes and strikers have one huge drawback. Even the most deadly blow can fail in the most elementary way. Any, the most cunning "podlyanka" may not work. The enemy may react negatively to your intention to gouge out his eye. He can dodge or parry your killing blow.

And then what? And then the fight starts. A fight is a dish in which blows to the eyes, throat and groin play the role of spices that give the dish a flavor and a special piquancy. However, a dish cannot be prepared from spices alone. We also need meat.

Meat in krav maga enough. Much has been said above about the principles krav maga, about the freedom to transform techniques to solve specific problems.

But the receptions krav maga is also there. Or rather, not techniques, but technical actions - strikes, defenses, pain controls, release from grips. And they are worked out to the seventh sweat, to full automatism.

But at the same time, it should be remembered that it is impossible to learn a trick for all occasions - just as it is impossible to learn foreign language by conversation. Technical actions are "words", theoretical principles are "grammar". Knowing the "words" and "grammar", you can make "sentences" yourself.

But training begins precisely with “mom washed the frame” or “this is a table” - it is repetition, working out certain connections, combinations of technical actions until a conditioned reflex is developed, which allows not only to understand in theory, but to feel in practice the principles underlying them - and move to the level of “self-invention of techniques”, i.e. free fight.

And here we turn to the fourth, most popular myth.

Myth 4. There is no sparring in Krav Maga.

IN krav maga sparring is.

Myth 5. If Krav Maga is so cool, why is it not seen in MMAs? And why are there no competitions on it?

The “fights without rules” that arose 10-15 years ago (in many variations and with a lot of names - “Octagon”, “Pankration”, “Valetudo”, UFC) at first really served as a place to find out “whose kung fu is cooler”. Fighters of different styles fought with each other according to minimal rules, in fact, finding out which technique had an advantage in close combat and which in long-range combat, and what to do with a sambo wrestler on the ground.

However, over the past time, fighting without rules has become an independent (and commercially profitable) sport. Athletes, preparing to enter the ring, no longer run from room to room, learning low-kicks from the Thais, putting their hands on the boxers, and the stalls on the wrestlers. Now, focusing on the experience of his predecessors, the "fighter without rules" is initially engaged in a style known as "free fighting" - a new, synthetic martial art that combines boxing, wrestling and Muay Thai.

Where is krav maga? See myth #1. Fights without rules were born as an attempt to find out what is more effective - a katana or a rapier. It is a perfectly healthy desire for a swordsman or any martial artist to test his weapon in action. But krav maga This is not a martial art. This is a tool.

Can you imagine a blacksmith who would come with a sledgehammer to an interstyle tameshiwari competition? No. Not because he will win everyone there (but most likely he will lose - firstly, he never learned to break bricks with a sledgehammer, and secondly, the rules forbid using a sledgehammer), but because he does not need it. He is not an athlete, he is a blacksmith. He swings the hammer for a pressing need, he does it for a living. It doesn't matter to him whether his hammer is heavier than that of the blacksmith from the neighboring village, or longer. This is his personal tool, and not an occasion for boasting and comparisons.

And an instructor krav maga he will never get into any "Octagon" - firstly, he will surely lose, because he did not study "free fighting", and secondly, this is not his job. He is well paid as it is.

The reverse process is observed: at least three former MMA champions spoke very highly of krav maga- and although they won in the ring thanks to jiu-jitsu (Itai Gil), sambo (Oleg Taktarov) or Muay Thai (Khaim Peretz), they did not consider it shameful for themselves to study (and Khaim Peret - and teach) a system that is fundamentally different from any combat sport.

After all, the difference between sports and life is not in the rules - they can be completely canceled, and not in the equality of forces (one on one, or three on one, with weight categories or without), and not even the absence of the factor of surprise (the gong sounds at the same time for everyone).

The difference is in the goal. In sports, people fight to win. In life, to survive. Krav Maga- not a sport. krav maga is a survival tool.

The second half of the myths about krav maga refers not so much to krav maga how much to the realities of Israeli life. So…

Myth 6. Krav Maga is studied in the Mossad

Since the beginning of the 80s of the last century krav maga actively studied by law enforcement agencies and army special forces in the United States and Europe. But in Mossad krav maga not being studied.

Myth 7. All Israeli soldiers study Krav Maga.

This myth is propagated by our former compatriots who served in the Israeli army. It sounds like this: "This garbage is yours krav maga, we had an instructor in training, so I stuffed his face - boxing rules!

Under the law of the State of Israel, every citizen is required to serve in the military. This is common knowledge. Less well known is the fact that the Israel Defense Forces is divided into two unequal parts - combat troops ("kravi") and labor troops ("jobniks").

In order to get into the "kravi" and take part in military operations, you must at least volunteer and meet a fairly strict list of requirements (for example, not to be the only child in the family). As a maximum, you need to prove in practice your desire to serve in the combat troops. How? Yes, very simple. One of my friends, by the way, is an army instructor krav maga, applied three times to be transferred to the elite Golani Infantry Division. Having been refused for the third time, he voluntarily went to the guardhouse, telling his superiors that he would spend the rest of his term in prison - or in Golani. A week later, he was transferred.

The IDF is, perhaps, the only army on the planet that, from the moment of its formation to this day, has been in full combat readiness and has been waging an ongoing war against guerrilla gangs and terrorist groups. Of course, it is impossible (too expensive, and pointless) to maintain the entire army in such a state - those who are fighting are training, “the blood”. Those who serve in the “jobniks” take a 90-day “young fighter course”, and, having received the necessary three lessons krav maga and after serving their term of service in the deep rear, they begin to judge the system from the point of view of a veteran expert.

In Israel itself, no one takes such experts seriously - there are enough real experts, with combat experience, but outside of it they sometimes manage to promote their business on a popular brand " krav maga».

Myth 8. There is only one style of Krav Maga.

So what krav maga is it different? Yes, sometimes.

The phrase "krav" (fight) and "maga" (contact) can be used in Hebrew in two ways. The first is to refer to the hand-to-hand combat system created by Imi Lichtenfeld and developed by his students. The second - to refer to any martial arts. The sign "Krav Maga Tae Kwon Do" or "Krav Maga Aiki" is quite a normal thing on the streets of Israeli cities, as well as signs " martial arts karate" or "martial art of capoeira" - we have.

To eliminate this confusion, several organizations have been created to develop and promote krav maga Imi Lichtenfeld. These are Eyal Yanilov's International Krav Maga Federation, Darren Levin's Krav Maga Association of America, Richard Dueb's Federation European Krav Maga, Chaim Gidon's Israel Krav Maga Association... After Darren Levin tried to register the term " krav maga"as a trademark (in the USA the idea failed, but in Canada it was a success - now there those instructors who do not want to pay tribute to Levin do not teach krav maga, but the “Imi system”) and sued Yanilov, many instructors began to change the name itself. This is how Krav Magen Israel, Commando Krav Maga, Tactical Krav Maga, Operational Krav Maga and others appeared. There were also author's styles krav maga Lieven and Maor.

Meanwhile, the IDF returned to the name Kapap (Krav Panim el Panim - face-to-face combat) and Lothar (lohama be terror - the fight against terror), and in parallel such systems as Haganah, Dennis Gisardut, Gadi Kenpo, Abir arose in Israel.

However, the topic of fragmentation krav maga on individual styles and trends deserves a separate article. As for myth number 8, in Italy, for example, “fitness krav maga". Here, as they say, no comment.

Myth 9. Krav Maga is just a hyped brand on which cunning Israelis make money.

This myth is almost true. It is only necessary to replace "only" with "more and". Like this: " Krav Maga“It’s also a brand name that cunning Israelis make money off of.”

Courses krav maga all over the world are expensive. For the knowledge underlying krav maga The Israelites paid in blood. Now they (and not only them) make money on it. On all five continents. Dozens of different countries.

And since their product is bought all over the world, it means that the demand for personal security tools is still higher than the supply.

And not to make money on it is just stupid.

Myth 10. Krav Maga will make you invincible.

The Israelis themselves, when it comes to developments in the field of security, say this about themselves: “We are not the smartest, not the coolest, and not the most invincible. We just have more experience than others.” Experience, please pay attention, both positive and negative.

One of the mottos krav maga is the phrase "Welcome to reality!" But the reality, alas, is that invincible does not exist.

And showing the release from a choke hold from behind, the instructor krav maga he will definitely tell you that you most likely will not have time to free yourself - someone else's forearm on the Adam's apple is so dangerous. And when practicing knife defense, they will definitely let you feel what it is - a real attack with a knife, with a lot of sharp, fast and unpredictable blows.

The desire to become invincible will be dispelled at the very first training session. IN krav maga illusions are not fed. Instead, the desire to survive will come. And it is in this area krav maga can greatly improve your chances.

No more - and no less.

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For a query on the word "Krav Maga", Internet search engines give an average of 15,000 hits. Approximately half of them lead to two articles by Alex Levitas - "Krav Maga Israel: Israeli style of hand-to-hand combat" and "Krav Maga: use what is at hand." Another hundred or two links will lead you to various reprints of articles by Stanislav Leikin from the site krav-maga.spb.ru; a thousand, if not more, celebrity websites will tell you that it was Jennifer Lopez who studied Krav Maga for filming the film “Enough” ... The remaining 6-7 thousand links lead to various martial arts forums, where fierce disputes between the blind and the deaf (because the participants in the disputes, as a rule, did not practice Krav Maga and did not see it, but only heard or read about it - see all the same magnificent articles by A. Levitas) on the topic “bullshit is this your Jewish melee or super training system and Mossad.

Thus, it can be stated that the interest in Krav Maga in the Russian-speaking part of the Internet is very, very high, and the amount of available information is negligible. This has led to the birth of a mass of myths and misconceptions about Krav Maga. With the ten most popular myths, I will try to figure it out below.

Myth 1. Krav Maga is an Israeli martial art.

Israeli - yes. Combat - yes. Art is not.

Krav Maga differs from traditional martial arts in much the same way as a hammer from a rapier. And this is not about the effectiveness or advantage of a hammer over a rapier (all modern systems oppose their “applied, real, street, total, deadly, etc.” style to “outdated, unviable, mossy, etc.” traditional systems) - It's about the scope.

I'll try to explain.

Rapier - a weapon that appeared in a certain historical period (16-17 centuries), as an evolution of an older weapon (sword) as a result of changes in society (lightening, and later - the disappearance of armor), and lost all meaning with the invention of a multiply charged hand firearms (capsule revolvers).

Foil fencing developed as a system of stances, movements, strikes, defenses and feints in many European schools, which led to the emergence of different styles - French, Italian, Spanish, German. Much later, sports fencing appeared. But all these schools are united by several general principles: the battle is fought with the help of a rapier, a certain stance is used, a set of techniques and tactical maneuvers characteristic of this school. This is what allows us to consider rapier fencing as a martial art, where it is unacceptable to replace a rapier with a katana, a fencing stance with a boxing stance, and a flankade with a brush lever outward. Of course, no one forbids doing all this in real combat - but then it will no longer be rapier fencing, which has been studied in the halls since the time of Talgofer and Marozzo, but some kind of system of "total real applied rapier combat" - i.e. the notorious "dirty street kenjutsu".

The hammer, in turn, will always remain a hammer. A blacksmith's sledgehammer or a dentist's hammer, a carpenter's nail puller or a mallet, an inertialess hammer or a psychotherapist's hammer, a combat tong or a hammer, an alpenstock or even a pneumatic jackhammer - it's all the same a hammer. A tool designed to solve specific problems. Changing its size, shape, method of application, depending on the tasks. And still remaining at the same time a hammer.

Krav Maga is not a martial art.

Krav Maga is a problem solving tool.

The core of Krav Maga - the basic principles and the main set of tactical and technical actions - allow you to adapt this tool to solve a wide range of problems.

The army needs to teach the soldiers the basics of hand-to-hand combat in a month and a half of training - please, army Krav Maga: "kicked and shot." The police need to twist the criminal - here's the police Krav Maga for you: "lie down, goat." Do civilians want to live too? Civilian Krav Maga: Hit and Run. Self-defense for women is based on the task of “get off me, freak”, and melee for bodyguards is based on the “take the client away” scheme. But there are still developments of Krav Maga for children, for taxi drivers, for the stewards of the El Al airline, for ambulance attendants and employees of mental hospitals ...

At the same time, Krav Maga is still Krav Maga (and a hammer is a hammer)! The task changes, but not the means of its solution. External signs change (not a single Krav Maga instructor will argue to the point of hoarseness on the topic “is it possible to tear off the heel in zenkutsu-dachi”), the basic principles remain the same (“threat point”, “recoiling” and many others).

It is the presence of these principles (as well as the presence of a handle and head that defines the concept of a "hammer - a hand-held percussion instrument") that allows us to speak of Krav Maga as a specific tool for solving problems in the field of personal security.

And that brings us to myth #2.

Myth 2. Krav Maga is another mixfight or just a regular melee.

The first synthetic hand-to-hand combat system, combining the techniques of different styles, arose in Europe in 1898. Its author was the English engineer Edward William Barton-Wright. The system was called Bartitsu (the name was formed from the author's last name "Barton" and the traditional "jiu-jitsu") and included techniques from the classical schools of jiu-jitsu, judo, English boxing, savate and the cane fencing school of the Swiss professor Pierre Vigny. It was with the help of bartitsu (erroneously called "baritsu") that Sherlock Holmes cast Professor Moriarty into the abyss of the Reichenbach Falls.

The history of the creation of Krav Maga, at first glance, forces us to attribute this system to the category of synthetic ones. There is one author - Imi Lichtenfeld, it is known that he was seriously engaged in wrestling, boxing and jiu-jitsu, therefore, Krav Maga is a synthesis of boxing, wrestling and jiu-jitsu techniques.

This conclusion is not correct. The history of the creation of Krav Maga is much more reminiscent of the creation of Soviet Sambo. And in fact, and in another case, there was a place to be His Majesty the State Order. Krav Maga was originally developed not at the whim of the Founding Father, but for the needs of the army and police. Krav Maga focused not on the abilities of the Founding Father, but on a simple unprepared person. Finally, Krav Maga was created from scratch, and not by borrowing techniques.

First, I. Likhtenfeld developed the theoretical principles of Krav Maga. You can read more about them in the article "Principles of Krav Maga". The movement base was superimposed on these principles - stances, movements, strikes, defenses, pain controls. Yes, the stance is like a stance from boxing, and the pain controls are like from jiu-jitsu, but only because all people have two arms, two legs and one head, and a punch will always remain a punch - at least externally, because a simple punch can be based on the principle of "shuttle", "hikite", "wave", "center line" or, in the case of Krav Maga, "recoiling".

Therefore, we can only talk about the external similarity of Krav Maga with boxing or jiu-jitsu. At the level of the motor base, Krav Maga is an original system, which brings us to the debunking of the second part of this myth - "Krav Maga is an ordinary melee."

The so-called "noname" hand-to-hand combat (or Army hand-to-hand combat - ARB) is usually understood as a mixture of boxing, karate and sambo techniques taught in the armed forces of the USSR since the mid-1980s - and the proportions of these techniques are usually determined by the previous one, up to - military experience of an instructor: a former boxer relies on punches, a sambo wrestler - on throws, and a karateka is indispensable when breaking bricks on Paratrooper's Day. Army manuals on physical training (NPRB-38, NFP-59, NFP-66, NFP-78, NFP-87) allocate a maximum of 20-25 pages to training for hand-to-hand combat, practically unchanged over the past 60 years.

The difference between Krav Maga and ARB or “noname” melee is visible to the naked eye: Krav Maga techniques are recognizable, in contrast to “kickboxing in camouflage”. They are recognizable mainly due to the presence of "crowns", or specific techniques characteristic of Krav Maga - this is the capture of the pistol bolt, and the capture of the armed hand with the elbow bend, and the entrance to the attack with the "beak" ...

Of course, similar techniques can be found in jiu-jitsu, sambo, and aikido. But you can always find out from these "crowns" of Krav Maga - how you can learn karate, taekwondo or wingchun. The “crown” of army hand-to-hand combat can only be called camouflage, in which civilians especially like to train, convinced that it’s somewhere, and armies know how to fight best of all.

Therefore, we can say with confidence that Krav Maga is not just another mixfight (hodgepodge), and certainly not the fruit of the individual creativity of army or police instructors.

Myth 3. Krav Maga is just a set of "scum"

There are techniques that allow you to quickly and effortlessly disable the enemy. These are blows to the groin, eyes, throat, knees. These techniques are used in Krav Maga. Moreover, this feature is widely publicized when advertising Krav Maga. Apparently, as a result of this advertisement, there is a widespread belief that Krav Maga is such a purely Jewish approach to a fight: hit him in the balls and let's tear.

Alas, it is not.

And then what? And then the fight starts.

A fight is a dish in which blows to the eyes, throat and groin play the role of spices that give the dish a flavor and a special piquancy. However, a dish cannot be prepared from spices alone. We also need meat.

There is plenty of meat in Krav Maga. Much has been said above about the principles of Krav Maga, about the freedom to transform techniques to solve specific problems. But there are tricks in Krav Maga too.

Or rather, not techniques, but technical actions - strikes, defenses, pain controls, release from grips. And they are worked out to the seventh sweat, to full automatism. But at the same time, it should be remembered that it is impossible to learn a trick for all occasions - just as it is impossible to learn a foreign language from a phrase book. Technical actions are "words", theoretical principles are "grammar". Knowing the "words" and "grammar", you can make "sentences" yourself.

But training begins precisely with “mom washed the frame” or “this is a table” - it is repetition, working out certain connections, combinations of technical actions until a conditioned reflex appears, which allows not only to understand in theory, but to feel in practice the principles underlying them - and move to the level of “self-invention of techniques”, i.e. free fight.

And here we turn to the fourth, most popular myth.

Myth 4. There is no sparring in Krav Maga.

Krav Maga has sparring.

Myth 5. If Krav Maga is so cool, why is it not seen in MMAs? And why are there no competitions on it?

The "fights without rules" that emerged 10-15 years ago (in many variations and with a lot of names - "Octagon", "Pankration", "Valetudo", UFC at first really served as a place to find out "whose kung fu is cooler." Fighters of different styles fought each other according to the minimum rules, in fact, finding out which technique has an advantage in close combat, and which - in long-range combat, and what to do with a sambo wrestler on the ground.

However, over the past time, fighting without rules has become an independent (and commercially profitable) sport. Athletes, preparing to enter the ring, no longer run from room to room, learning low-kicks from the Thais, exposing their hands from the boxers, and the stalls from the wrestlers. Now, focusing on the experience of his predecessors, the "fighter without rules" is initially engaged in a style known as "free fighting" - a new, synthetic martial art that combines boxing, wrestling and Muay Thai.

Where is Krav Maga?

See myth #1. Fights without rules were born as an attempt to find out what is more effective - a katana or a rapier. It is a perfectly healthy desire for a swordsman or any martial artist to test his weapon in action. But Krav Maga is not a martial art. This is a tool. Can you imagine a blacksmith who would come with a sledgehammer to an interstyle tameshiwari competition? No. Not because he will win everyone there (but most likely he will lose - firstly, he never learned to break bricks with a sledgehammer, and secondly, the rules forbid using a sledgehammer), but because he does not need it. He is not an athlete, he is a blacksmith. He swings the hammer for a pressing need, he does it for a living. It doesn't matter to him whether his hammer is heavier than that of the blacksmith from the neighboring village, or longer. This is his personal tool, and not an occasion for boasting and comparisons.

Similarly, taxi drivers do not participate in Formula 1 races. What for?

And a Krav Maga instructor will never get into any "Octagon" - firstly, he will surely lose, because he did not study "free fighting", and secondly, this is not his job. He is well paid as it is.

The reverse process is observed: at least three former MMA champions spoke very highly of Krav Maga - and although they won in the ring thanks to jiu-jitsu (Itai Gil), sambo (Oleg Taktarov) or Muay Thai (Khaim Peretz ), they did not consider it shameful for themselves to study (and Chaim Peretz - and teach) a system that is fundamentally different from any combat sport.

After all, the difference between sports and life is not in the rules - they can be completely canceled, and not in the equality of forces (one on one, or three on one, with or without weight categories), and not even in the absence of a surprise factor (the gong sounds simultaneously for all ).

The difference is in the goal.

In sports, people fight to win. In life, to survive.

Krav Maga is not a sport. Krav Maga is a survival tool.

The second half of the myths about Krav Maga is not so much about Krav Maga itself, but about the realities of Israeli life. So:

Myth 6. Krav Maga is studied in the Mossad

Foreign intelligence of Israel - "Mossad" is covered with many legends. Her successes and failures (and both of them were approximately equal) became the basis for fiction and non-fiction books and films.

The official full name of the "Mossad" - "Mossad letafkidim meyuhadim" - translates as "Institute for Intelligence and Special Tasks." As befits an institute, that is, a scientific institution, the Mossad collects and analyzes information.

Hand-to-hand combat in the Mossad is not involved.

Krav Maga was created for the needs of the Tsakhal - the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), and is now included in the training program for the police, border troops, Shabak (counterintelligence) and various special forces - Mistaaravim, Duvdevan, Saeret Metkal and etc.

Since the beginning of the 80s of the last century, Krav Maga has been actively studied by law enforcement agencies and army special forces in the United States and Europe.

But in the Mossad, Krav Maga is not studied.

Myth 7. All Israeli soldiers study Krav Maga.

This myth is propagated by our former compatriots who served in the Israeli army. It sounds like this: “This garbage is your Krav Maga, we had an instructor in training, so I stuffed his face - boxing rules!”

In order to get into the "kravi" and take part in military operations, you must at least volunteer and meet a fairly strict list of requirements (for example, not to be the only child in the family). As a maximum, you need to prove in practice your desire to serve in the combat troops. How? Yes, very simple. One of my acquaintances, by the way, an army Krav Maga instructor, applied three times to be transferred to the elite Golani infantry division. Having been refused for the third time, he voluntarily went to the guardhouse, telling his superiors that he would spend the rest of his service life in prison - or in Golani. A week later, he was transferred.

The IDF is, perhaps, the only army on the planet that, from the moment of its formation to this day, has been in full combat readiness and has been waging an ongoing war against guerrilla gangs and terrorist groups. Of course, it is impossible (too expensive, and pointless) to maintain the entire army in such a state - those who are fighting are training, “the blood”. Those who serve in the "jobniks" take a 90-day "young fighter course", and, having received the necessary three lessons of Krav Maga and having served a term of service in the deep rear, they begin to judge the system from the point of view of a veteran expert.

In Israel itself, no one takes such experts seriously - there are enough real experts with combat experience, but outside of it they sometimes manage to promote their business on the popular Krav Maga brand.

Myth 8. There is only one style of Krav Maga.

So, is Krav Maga different?

Yes, sometimes.

The phrase "krav" (fight) and "maga" (contact) can be used in Hebrew in two ways.

The first is to refer to the hand-to-hand combat system created by Imi Lichtenfeld and developed by his students.

The second - to refer to any martial arts. The sign "Krav Maga Taekwondo" or "Krav Maga Aiki" is quite a normal thing on the streets of Israeli cities, just like the signs "martial arts karate" or "martial art of capoeira" are with us.

To clear up this confusion, several organizations have been set up to develop and promote Imi Lichtenfeld's Krav Maga. These are Eyal Yanilov's International Krav Maga Federation, Darren Levin's Krav Maga Association of America, Richard Dueb's Federation European Krav Maga, Chaim Gidon's Israel Krav Maga Association... After Darren Levin tried to register the term "Krav Maga" as a trademark (in the the idea failed, but in Canada it was a success - now those instructors there who do not want to pay tribute to Levin teach not Krav Maga, but the “Imi system”) and sued Yanilov, many instructors began to change the name itself. This is how Krav Magen Israel, Commando Krav Maga, Tactical Krav Maga, Operational Krav Maga and others appeared. The author's styles of Krav Maga Liven and Maor also arose.

Meanwhile, the IDF returned to the name Kapap (Krav Panim el Panim - face to face combat) and Lothar (lohama be terror - fight against terror), and in parallel such systems as Haganah, Dennis Gisardut, Gadi Kenpo, Abir arose in Israel.

However, the topic of splitting Krav Maga into separate styles and trends deserves a separate article.

As for myth No. 8, in Italy, for example, “Krav Maga fitness” is very popular. Here, as they say, no comment.

Myth 9. Krav Maga is just a hyped brand that cunning Israelis make money from.

This myth is almost true. It is only necessary to replace "only" with "more and". Like this: "Krav Maga is also a well-hyped brand on which cunning Israelis make money."

Krav Maga courses all over the world are expensive. For the knowledge underlying Krav Maga, the Israelis paid with blood. Now they (and not only them) make money on it. On all five continents. Dozens of different countries.

And since their product is bought all over the world, it means that the demand for personal security tools is still higher than the supply.

And not to make money on it is just stupid.

Myth 10. Krav Maga will make you invincible.

Experience, please pay attention, both positive and negative.

One of the mottos of Krav Maga is the phrase "Welcome to reality!"

But the reality, alas, is that invincible does not exist.

And showing the release from the choke hold from behind, the Krav Maga instructor will definitely tell you that you most likely will not have time to free yourself - someone else's forearm on the Adam's apple is so dangerous. And when practicing knife defense, they will definitely let you feel what it is - a real attack with a knife, with a lot of sharp, fast and unpredictable blows.

The desire to become invincible will be dispelled at the very first training session. In Krav Maga, illusions are not fed.

Instead, the desire to survive will come. And it is in this area that Krav Maga can significantly increase your chances.

No more - and no less.

Krav Maga (English Krav Maga, Hebrew קְרַב מַגָּע) is a military hand-to-hand combat system created by the Israeli security forces. Krav Maga techniques are aimed at quickly neutralizing the threat to life. There is army krav maga, police krav maga, as well as self-defense options for children and, for example, flight attendants.

The name of the system is translated from Hebrew as "close combat". Despite this, Krav Maga combines hand-to-hand combat with the use of small arms. There are no clear rules in the system, just as there are no differences in training for men and women. The main rule is the maximum effectiveness of each technique. The emphasis is on defeating the eyes, groin, headbutts, plus they develop the fighter's ability to improvise.

Since Krav Maga is not only military, but also civilian, students are taught to soften the impact on the enemy according to the situation, so as not to exceed the limits of necessary self-defense.

Techniques and features of Krav Maga

As in any system of hand-to-hand combat, Krav Maga has its own stances and strikes. It all starts from the “waiting position” (the body is straightened, the arms are lowered, the feet are parallel to each other, the shoulders are widely separated). There may be several options for the stance (main, neutral, for internal or external defense), but in general this is the basic position for most defensive and attacking actions.

Movement during the battle is carried out with a cross step, step-jump and step-substep. The first movement consists of a sharp low step, when the far leg overtakes the near one (legs cross) when moving towards the opponent. The step-jump is the exit from the waiting position. The movement is performed with a jump. Finally, step-substep means that when moving, the far leg will take the place of the near one (in relation to the opponent). Accordingly, the attack begins when the far leg is in place, and the near one is already hitting.

Krav Maga kicks can be straight (forward and bottom-up), lateral (snap or semi-arc), top-down or to the side (varieties of "stomping kick"), and defensive. At side impact the body rotates along the axis to increase the impact. Defensive kicks are performed like kicking with a horse's hoof. The main task of a fighter is to learn how to quickly withdraw his leg after performing a technique.

Hands usually perform techniques such as hook, uppercut, straight, as well as "hammer" and "chop". "Hammer" is a blow bottom fist, while the "chop" is performed with the edge of the palm.

Protection in Krav Maga is divided into internal and external. The external one acts according to the principle “from inside to outside”, respectively, the deflecting limb (forearm, arm, leg) is directed towards the attacker. The inside guard redirects the opponent's movement by crossing the attacking limb at a right or sharp angle.

In addition to punches, other techniques such as twisting, leverage and boost are also performed. The last technique allows you to force the opponent to fall to the ground. At the same time, the fighter himself is strictly forbidden to fall to the ground: to stand on his feet at any cost is one of the basic foundations of the Israeli hand-to-hand combat system.

Those who are planning to learn Krav Maga will benefit from knowing that there are no techniques as such in this form of combat. Rather, a set of actions and tactics that are brought to automatism. Strikes, blocks, painful, release from captures - all this is combined into a complex, and often completely individual. improve your physical form not only the study of the Krav Maga technique will help, but also a revision of the diet. We recommend paying attention to the so-called, based on the principle of product compatibility. In fact, this is not really a diet: just a set of rules developed by nutritionists from Israeli clinics, which foods are best consumed together, and which ones are not worth it.

History of Krav Maga

Although Krav Maga is not considered a martial art, the Israelis have their own system of hierarchy and belts.
As for the Israeli special services, Krav Maga is studied in the army (Tsakhal), border troops, counterintelligence (Shabak) and a number of other special forces. But in "Massada" Krav Maga is not specially studied. Analysts and information collectors work there, not operatives.

The Israeli method of self-defense was born not at all in their historical homeland, but in the former Czechoslovakia. Back in the 30s of the last century, Imi Lichtenfeld developed his hand-to-hand combat system to protect the Jewish community of Bratislava from the Nazis. Later, the founding father moved to Palestine, where he taught in the Haganah, and since 1948, Krav Maga has been included in the training of Israeli soldiers. Lichtenfeld served in the army until 1964, developing his system, and after his retirement he adapted Krav Maga to civilian conditions.

Krav Maga came out of Israel only in the 80s. First, the experience was adopted in the United States, and after the collapse of the USSR training centers in Israeli combat without weapons were opened in Russia. Today, Krav Maga training centers exist in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo and Omsk.

In Krav Maga, there are sparrings, contrary to a common myth, but since there are no forbidden tricks in the system, it is often joked about the lack of competition in this “martial art” that the only reward for the winner will be a bill from intensive care, and a free funeral for the losers will be a consolation prize .

Not everyone is destined to be a fighter.
If the spirit is weak, neither hand-to-hand combat techniques nor weapons will help.

Imi Lichtenfeld
creator of the art of Krav Maga

In order to survive in the ring of enemies, after returning to the promised land, the Israeli people needed a strong fighting spirit. But besides him, in numerous conflicts, Israel was also helped by its own special martial art.-"Krav Maga".

History of the martial art of Israel

The Jewish people absolutely do not need to turn to examples of the best martial arts in order to beautifully present the legend of victories. Their history from the beginning to the present day is going on in full view of the whole world. One of the most mysterious and effective Israeli techniques - "Krav Maga"(with emphasis on the last syllable). The translation is simple - "contact fight". As it should be with real soldiers - there is no external beauty in technology, everything is emphasized modestly and with a strong character.

« All our equipment speaks for itself in battle”- every craver will gladly repeat to you, and you don’t even need to wear a special suit. The whole secret of Israeli technology is in its inconspicuousness: simplicity, modesty, unexpressed emotions. It is best if the enemy until the last will not suspect who is in front of him. The fight itself lasts about 5-10 seconds , or with rare exceptions 20 seconds(yes, yes... so few). Krav Maga is not a martial art at all, it is a survival tool and guide. Who better than the Israelis to know about this.

The school was created not at all in calm times. Its creator is Samuel (Imi) Lichtenfeld (years of life 1910-1997 ). He began to show himself in early years as a wrestler in a circus and a boxer. Imi was fond of swimming, gymnastics and became one of the best wrestling specialists in his native Slovakia. Liftenfeld's character and will were tempered even before the Second World War, when he defended the interests of the Slavic-Jewish ghetto in street battles and hid from anti-Semitic groups. A little later, having escaped from Nazi-occupied Europe, he distinguished himself by good service in the Czech Legion of the British Royal Armed Forces.

At the beginning of the war, Samuel joins the Haganah military organization, and in 1948 year becomes General Instructor for Physical Training and Krav Maga. Only in 1978 year Lichtenfeld and his students have designed "Krav Maga" in the category official self-combat system and created the "Israeli Krav Maga Association". Even in retirement, Samuel continued to improve his technique and even adapted it for the civilian population.

The powerful Israeli army, the mighty MOSSAD and the harsh everyday life of the hot spots of the planet: everything contributes to the amazing Krav Maga technique being interested in hefty and serious men in all corners of the world.

Better less is better...

The main characteristic of Krav Maga can be considered its strongly-maximum contact. It's often said in professional combat circles:

"Real hand-to-hand combat is one-on-one, excluding weapons".

Stand on a flat, spacious platform and win!

The soldiers of Israel, this principle has long been learned and are equally good at hand-to-hand combat and fighting with weapons and against him. For Israel, this practice is more relevant than anywhere else on the planet, they shoot here regularly.

Aesthetics and "visual charm" in Krav Maga are also not pursued, only maximum efficiency and the essence of the fight. As the "bearded" army wisdom says: "It's better to have no karate than a friend TT in your pocket". The beauty of a sparkling sword and demonstrative poses are just not in this technique.

They work out options for attacks and defense, mainly not in the hall, but in places that maximize close to reality, because the real enemy and mortal danger have to wait on the street, in the porches, cars. The main part of the training is staged attacks a whole group of opponents in a variety of places. There are absolutely no clothes or special uniforms in Krav Maga, everyone is dressed in civilian clothes - just like in life.

Another technical feature is lack of competition. The traditional classic type of combat in real conditions of an attack on the street is not possible. By definition - two blows and it becomes clear who will be the winner and who will be trampled. Krav Maga focuses on the fastest decontamination the enemy, and the secondary action will be according to the circumstances: run away, finish off or neutralize the next attacker. This is why group work is so important here.

Contact fights in the form of classic competitions are completely absent. The reason is simple - competitions imply rules, and in war conditions they are clearly an unacceptable obstacle to victory. Krav Maga Style - multiple practice sessions for decontamination. Fighters who are fluent in this technique with jewelry accuracy are able to neutralize almost any enemy in different conditions.

Considering that Imi Lichtenfeld became famous precisely as a wrestler, just wrestling for his technique is not at all paramount. After all, to be put on the ground means to become vulnerable, and here the main thing is not to miss the moment. Exit: to intercept, focus on the counter, cut down and, without relaxing, check the situation. Technical kit "Krav Maga" - mix cocktail receptions of the most various techniques. Only the most effective, the most lightning-fast. For the same reason, this style cannot be considered as a separate type of wrestling. It is rather a school and the main thing in it is methods and principles.

In the pursuit of perfection, as always, one has to endure many failures along the way. The emphasis in Krav Maga is often on what it is. "school of survival, harsh as life itself". The technique, of course, is adapted, first of all, to the terrain, and it is no secret to anyone that Israel is a country with a high hazard coefficient. And therefore, people here tend to more often expect trouble in ordinary everyday life. But expectations and reality are not always equal. It can be said that Krav Maga aims succeed in the toughest situations and therefore, the fighters are always on their toes. What in Israel looks like a standard household, in other countries it takes the form of danger.

You need to understand that Krav Maga was created as a training system for military fighters, and they often die. It turns out that they need to be prepared in the shortest possible time, and the effectiveness should be maximum. Only the performance of specific tasks, only the essence. In non-military conditions, such “peaceful” training usually turns into endless training and work on situations that are 95% , will not happen. Kravers, without a share of self-deception, like to repeat that in Krav Maga one cannot follow the path of self-improvement. And really, how is this possible, if any shootout can end everything? Therefore, Krav Maga is good as intensive course training and doing it all your life is clearly not necessary.

To prevent the technique from becoming too limited, Lichtenfeld tried adapt it for "civilian" life immediately after retirement. However, the essence and character of Krav Maga remained untouched in each of the versions. For example, it is not possible in any case to track the progress of a fighter’s training if there are no adapted training sessions in real life. In wartime, of course, this is quite easy to do, which cannot be said about peacetime. In freestyle combat, cravers do not tend to show themselves brightly enough. If the art is about killing technique, then fighters don't show up very often in competition either. This approach is inherent not only to Krav Maga, but to all army systems.

There is one more minus in this technique - its youth. The fighters who practice it in our time often come from other schools and involuntarily the boundaries of the basics of technology are blurred. Also, if in ordinary martial arts you can talk about levels, belts, for the development of the system, then Krav Maga completely excludes all this, completely removing the competitive nature. This reflects badly on the level of skill.

"Krav Maga" simply adapts to the "courses" of self-defense and aims to take all the best from various martial arts, for maximum efficiency in a real war.

I recently learned about Krav Maga. Or rather, earlier I heard about the martial art system adopted in the Israeli army for training, but did not know what it was called. Then somehow it happened that I heard about Krav Maga again and got the idea to write about it.

Krav Maga is a mixture of hand-to-hand combat and a military self-defense system. All over the world, Krav Maga is recognized as very effective and has earned its popularity, although self-defense experts believe that Krav Maga in Russia and Ukraine is a complete heresy.

History of Krav Maga

Krav Maga means close combat in Hebrew. Original, right? This martial art dates back to the 30s of the last century. Location: Czechoslovakia. The creator of Krav Maga is believed to be a young Jewish athlete named Imi Lichtenfeld - worldwide famous boxer, wrestler and gymnast. As you can already guess, in the 30s, after Hitler came to power, the Jews in Europe lived, to put it mildly, not sweetly. Therefore, Imi creates squads of fighting Jews to protect communities from fascists and anti-Semites. The dude quickly realized that wrestling in the ring and wrestling on the street are different things and something else needs to be invented. Lichtenfeld combined all his knowledge of martial arts and shifted the focus not to the attack, but to the quick and decisive neutralization of the threat.

Already in 1940, Imi quickly realized that there were no more decisive fighting Jews around him, and Hitler looked at him with disapproval, so the dude with a difficult fate and surname went to Palestine in order to protect the Jewish people from all sorts of troubles. He joined the Haganah, an Israeli militarized organization that protected the Jews from the discontent of the indigenous people, who were not very happy with the people in their country. Israel's military leaders quickly noticed Imi's abilities and made him the chief martial arts teacher. They put him in charge of training Israeli elite military forces such as the Palmach (elite strike force), Palyam ( naval special forces) and, in fact, already known to us, Haganah.

After gaining its statehood in 1948, Israel thanked Lichtenfeld by making him the chief instructor in combat training and physical education at the IDF school. Then Imi created the Krav Maga system. The essence of the system was to teach recruits the basics of hand-to-hand combat as quickly as possible with simple and effective movements that would help them cope with the enemy in difficult and deadly situations. Imi taught recruits the basics of Krav Maga in three weeks. Krav Maga was based on boxing, aikido, judo, wrestling and jiu-jitsu. Krav Maga is characterized by constant movement, the unity of defense and attack, the blows fall mainly on soft tissues and pain points of the enemy. Krav Maga immediately became the official martial art of Israel and remains so to this day.

Imi himself taught conscripts in the army for another 20 years, and then retired teaching Krav Maga to the Israeli civilian population. The dude even founded the Krav Maga Association in 1974 to emphasize that they are serious about everything. Several students brought Krav Maga to America, where they began to teach it to the police and some military units. Indeed, Krav Maga is not another bullshit off the mountain, as I previously thought.

Principles of Krav Maga

Any normal martial art has its own principles. Otherwise, all this turns into a standard scuffle, but we don’t want that, do we? It is worth noting that recently elements of fashionable Muay Thai have been included in Krav Maga.

Neutralize the threat

This is the basic principle. Without him - nowhere. If your life hangs in the balance, you won't be guided by the laws of honor, will you? The main goal is to disable the attacker as soon as possible. Do whatever is necessary to keep your life.

Simplicity

There is nothing complicated in Krav-Mata. There are no rules of dress, there is no code of conduct with a senior in the belt. There are only punches, grabs and blocks, because the system is designed in such a way that it is quickly learned and able to quickly use it.

Quick transition from defense to attack

Many martial arts clearly distinguish defense or attack. As a rule, first you defend, and then you attack. But not in Krav Maga. Here you need not only to repel the blow, but also to quickly counterattack. This happens because of the principle: to neutralize the threat as soon as possible. For example, if someone is aiming at your throat, you parry the blow and hit in the eyes, in the groin or in the stomach.

Continuous movement, or Retzev

This is due to the fact that you need to move constantly, counterattack - and bring down a hail of blows more painfully on the attacker. And quickly to avert the threat.

Ability to use any weapon whenever possible

As a traditional weapon in our understanding, such as a firearm, and any edged weapon. But to this is added the use of weapons, which in fact are not weapons, which brings me back to vivid childhood memories of the movie "Chinese Policeman".

Weapon defense training

In addition to how to hit the enemy well with something heavy, Krav Maga shows how to properly defend yourself from the enemy with this heavy one.

Special attention to pain points and soft tissues

Usually Krav Maga is terribly criticized, assuring that it is not like a man to hit the enemy in the balls. By the way, we also think so, and we wrote about it in this one. To all these arguments, the masters answer that in a dangerous situation it is not the time for morality, but the time to hit the vulnerable parts of the body.

Detention

In addition to quickly incapacitating, Krav Maga reverses Special attention to captures in order to control the attacker. All this also takes place under the auspices of the elimination of danger.

Now look at a selection of masters of this art form. Interesting, but Muay Thai will somehow be more effective.