Medal standings oi 1988. USSR national team at xxiv summer olympic games
Host country (Canada)
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Overall Olympic medal count
Total Olympic medal count - unofficial tally total medals won by a particular national Olympic team on Olympic Games. The main criterion that determines the position of teams in the table are gold medals.
Medal table
Countries that have not yet won medals at the Olympics
Since the 2012 Olympic Games, 73 of the current 205 National Olympic Committees have yet to win a single Olympic medal.
Notes
Notes
- The combined team of Australia (AUS) and New Zealand (NZL) who competed together at the 1908 and 1912 games.
- 1 2 Does not include medals won as part of Australasia.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Does not include medals won by mixed teams with athletes from other nations (1896–1904).
- 1 2 Does not include medals won with the West Indies Federation at the 1960 games.
- Participated in 1900-1912.
- Participated in 1960.
- Does not include Taiwan and Hong Kong results.
- Includes medals won by athletes from the Republic of China in 1968-1972 since 1984 the name Taiwan has been used.
- Does not include medals won by athletes from Bohemia 1900–1912 and Czechoslovakia 1920–1992.
- Participated in 1920-1992. Does not include medals won by athletes from Bohemia in 1900–1912 and athletes from the Czech Republic and Slovakia from 1994 to the present.
- Includes medals won by the UAR in 1960–1968.
- Participated in 1896-1952 and from 1992 to the present. Does not include the results of the United German Team (1956-1964) and the GDR and the FRG (1968-1988).
- 1 2 Participated in 1968–1988. Results are not cumulative with Germany.
- The team participated in 1956-1964, it included athletes from [GDR at the Olympic Games|GDR]] and the FRG. Results are not cumulative with Germany.
- Does not include medals won as part of the West Indies Federation at the 1960 games.
- Does not include gold medal won by Michel Theato in 1900, as he was declared the representative of France.
- Participated in 1900-1912, then from 1994 to the present. Does not include medals won as part of the USSR team.
- Does not include medals won by athletes from Yugoslavia.
- Participated in 1952-1988. Does not include the results of the Joint Team as well as the results of the post-Soviet republics (Russia, Ukraine ...).
- The team of the Commonwealth of Independent States that were part of the Soviet Union and performed together after its collapse.
- Includes medals won by Ceylon athletes.
- Includes medals won by athletes from the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1920–1936), the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1948–1992), and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1996–2000), all of which used the name "Yugoslavia" and the IOC code "YUG". Does not include the results of states that emerged after the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1992 (Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Macedonia, and Serbia and Montenegro).
- Individual athletes from Yugoslavia who took part in the 1992 Olympics, as Yugoslavia was under UN sanctions at that time. These results are not cumulative with Yugoslavia.
- A special code used by the IOC to designate teams made up of athletes from different nations who took part in the first games (1896–1904).
Sources
External links
This table may differ in different sources, as the results of such countries as Russia, Germany, Serbia, the Czech Republic are summarized and divided in different ways.
dal.academic.ru
| № | A country | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
| 1 | USSR (URS) | 11 | 9 | 9 | 29 |
| 2 | GDR (GDR) | 9 | 10 | 6 | 25 |
| 3 | Switzerland (SUI) | 5 | 5 | 5 | 15 |
| 4 | Finland (FIN) | 4 | 1 | 2 | 7 |
| 5 | Sweden (SWE) | 4 | 0 | 2 | 6 |
| 6 | Austria (AUT) | 3 | 5 | 2 | 10 |
| 7 | Netherlands (NED) | 3 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
| 8 | Germany (FRG) | 2 | 4 | 2 | 8 |
| 9 | United States (USA) | 2 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| 10 | Italy (ITA) | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| 11 | France (FRA) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 12 | Norway (NOR) | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 13 | Canada (CAN) | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 |
| 14 | Yugoslavia (YUG) | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 15 | Czechoslovakia (TCH) | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 16 | Japan (JPN) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 16 | Liechtenstein (LIE) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
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| 03:05 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. China - Switzerland | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. Canada - Norway | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. South Korea - Finland | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. USA - Russia | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. USA - Canada | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. South Korea - China | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. Finland - Switzerland | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. Russia - Norway | qualification |
| 02:35 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. Russia - Finland | qualification |
| 02:35 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. South Korea - Norway | qualification |
| 02:35 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. China - Canada | qualification |
| 02:35 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. USA - Switzerland | qualification |
| 07:35 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. Canada - Finland | qualification |
| 07:35 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. USA - South Korea | qualification |
| 07:35 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. Switzerland - Norway | qualification |
| 07:35 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. China - Russia | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. China - USA | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. Norway - Finland | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. Canada - Switzerland | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. South Korea - Russia | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. Switzerland - South Korea | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. Russia - Canada | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. Finland - China | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. mixed couples. Preliminary round. Norway - USA | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Canada - Italy | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. South Korea - USA | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Switzerland - UK | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Denmark - Sweden | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Denmark - Sweden | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Switzerland - China | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Japan - USA | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Russia - UK | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Norway - Japan | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Switzerland - Italy | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Canada - UK | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. South Korea - Sweden | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Canada - South Korea | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. UK - USA | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Denmark - Japan | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. China - Russia | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Norway - Canada | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. USA - Italy | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Denmark - Switzerland | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. UK - Japan | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. South Korea - Japan | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. China - UK | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Canada - Sweden | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. USA - Switzerland | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Italy - Denmark | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Sweden - USA | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Norway - South Korea | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Sweden - Russia | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Denmark - Canada | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. South Korea - Switzerland | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Denmark - USA | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Sweden - UK | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Japan - Switzerland | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Canada - South Korea | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Switzerland - Sweden | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Denmark - UK | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Japan - China | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Russia - USA | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Canada - Sweden | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. South Korea - UK | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Switzerland - Norway | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Japan - Italy | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Russia - Japan | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. South Korea - UK | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. USA - Canada | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. China - Denmark | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Norway - Denmark | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. USA - Japan | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Switzerland - Canada | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Canada - Switzerland | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. China - South Korea | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. UK - Sweden | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. USA - Norway | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Denmark - South Korea | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Italy - UK | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Sweden - Japan | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. USA - Denmark | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Russia - Switzerland | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Sweden - South Korea | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Japan - Canada | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. USA - Canada | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Italy - South Korea | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Sweden - Switzerland | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. UK - Denmark | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Japan - Sweden | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Denmark - Russia | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. China - USA | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. UK - Switzerland | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. UK - Norway | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Italy - Sweden | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Japan - Canada | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. South Korea - Switzerland | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Canada - China | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. USA - South Korea | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. UK - Japan | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Norway - Italy | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Japan - Denmark | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Switzerland - USA | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. South Korea - Russia | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Sweden - China | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Canada - UK | qualification |
| 03:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Switzerland - Denmark | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. South Korea - Japan | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Denmark - Canada | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. UK - USA | qualification |
| 08:05 | Curling. Men. Preliminary round. Sweden - Norway | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. South Korea - Denmark | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Sweden - USA | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Russia - Canada | qualification |
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Preliminary round. Switzerland - Japan | qualification |
| 14:00 | Skating. Women. Team race. Semi-finals | semi-final |
| 14:22 | Skating. Men. Team race. Semi-finals | semi-final |
| 14:54 | Skating. Women. Team race. Consolation finals | consolation playoffs |
| 15:13 | Skating. Men. Team race. Consolation finals | consolation playoffs |
| 15:52 | Skating. Women. Team race. Small final | for 3rd place |
| 15:58 | Skating. Women. Team race. The final | the final |
| 16:11 | Skating. Men. Team race. Small final | for 3rd place |
| 16:17 | Skating. Men. Team race. The final | the final |
| 05:00 | Snowboard. Men. big air | the final |
| 06:00 | Snowboard. Women. Parallel giant slalom. 1/8 finals | 1/8 finals |
| 06:15 | Snowboard. Men. Parallel giant slalom. 1/8 finals | 1/8 finals |
| 06:30 | Snowboard. Women. Parallel giant slalom. Quarterfinals | 1/4 finals |
| 06:38 | Snowboard. Men. Parallel giant slalom. Quarterfinals | 1/4 finals |
| 06:48 | Snowboard. Women. Parallel giant slalom. Semi-finals | semi-final |
| 06:52 | Snowboard. Men. Parallel giant slalom. Semi-finals | semi-final |
| 08:28 | Snowboard. Women. Parallel giant slalom. Small final | for 3rd place |
| 08:30 | Snowboard. Women. Parallel giant slalom. The final | the final |
| 08:34 | Snowboard. Men. Parallel giant slalom. Small final | for 3rd place |
| 08:37 | Snowboard. Men. Parallel giant slalom. The final | the final |
| 09:35 | Curling. Men. The final. Sweden - USA | the final | |||
| 14:05 | Curling. Women. Small final. Japan - UK | 32 | 5 | 10 | |
| 12 | Russia | 2 | 6 | 9 | 17 |
| 13 | Czech | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 |
| 14 | Belarus | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 |
| 15 | China | 1 | 6 | 2 | 9 |
| 16 | Slovakia | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| 17 | Finland | 1 | 1 | 4 | 6 |
| 18 | Great Britain | 1 | 0 | 4 | 5 |
| 19 | Poland | 1 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| 20 | Hungary | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 21 | Ukraine | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 22 | Australia | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| 23 | Slovenia | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| 24 | Belgium | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| 25 | Spain | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 26 | New Zealand | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| 27 | Kazakhstan | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 28 | Latvia | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 29 | Liechtenstein | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
City selection
Two Asian cities competed for the right to host the XXIV Summer Olympic Games - Seoul (the capital of South Korea) and Nagoya (the fourth most populous city in Japan). At the 84th session of the IOC on September 30, 1981 in Baden-Baden (Germany), it was announced that Seoul won the vote, gaining 52 votes against 27 votes for Nagoya.
Symbolism
The official poster presented the Games in a combination of two images. The Olympic rings depicted on the poster were given a vivid metaphorical image in order to reflect the Olympic ideal - to create peace on the planet. The image of a running athlete with the Olympic torch in his hands symbolizes the progress of mankind, its movement forward towards happiness and prosperity. The official posters were made using CGI technology, mixing light blue and bright orange colors to represent Korea as the Land of Morning Calm (Achim Goe Land). Apart from official posters The Organizing Committee released 27 more different variations of the poster depicting various kinds sports.
Seoul Games official poster
The emblem of the Seoul Olympics depicts the traditional pattern of Korea - samtaeguk. It is widely used to decorate fans, gates for Korean-style houses, souvenirs and handicrafts.
The Olympic emblem contains elements of the pattern in two forms, centripetal and centrifugal; the centripetal movement depicts people from all over the world arriving in Korea, thus symbolizing the harmony of the world, while the centrifugal movement depicts the forward movement of a person in search of happiness and prosperity.
Mascot
The hero of Korean legends became the mascot of the XXIV Olympic Games - Amur tiger. To neutralize the negative aspects of the predatory beast, he was portrayed as a small tiger cub, kind and harmless.
The name for the mascot was chosen by popular vote from 2295 proposed options. The winning name, Hodori, can be translated from Korean as Tiger Boy ("Ho" means "tiger" and "dori" means "boy").
The main attribute of the Korean talisman is a small black hat worn over his ear. This is an element of the national costume; in such hats in the old days, peasants performed dances during folk festivals.
For Hodori, a girlfriend was originally invented - Tigress Hosuni, but she did not receive such popularity as the official mascot, and she was quickly forgotten.
Official song of the Games
The organizers of the Seoul Olympics decided to record the official song of the Olympics, which will help promote friendship and peace among all countries participating in the International Olympic Committee. The song "Hand in Hand" was co-written by an Italian composer Giorgio Moroder and his American colleague Tom Whitlock. Performed by a Korean band Koreana. The song received recognition, topping the music charts in 17 countries around the world.
"Hand in Hand" by Koreana
Boycott Games
The 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, were boycotted by North Korea. Pyongyang decided not to send its sports team to the Games, as the organizing committee for the preparation of the Olympics in Seoul rejected the proposal Kim Il Sung about the transfer of a part sports to the cities of the DPRK in order to demonstrate the unity of the Korean Peninsula.
The official reason for this was the fact of the ongoing state of war between the two countries. Cuba, Nicaragua and Ethiopia supported the North Korean position and also announced their non-participation in the Games. The stadiums and other sports facilities prepared for the Olympic Games were used by the DPRK at the XIII international festival youth and students, held in Pyongyang a year later.
The USSR issued a series of postage stamps with the text “1988. USSR Post. Games of the XXIV Olympiad” and images of athletes. However, due to the lack of diplomatic relations between the USSR and the Republic of Korea, there are no words "Seoul" or "Korea" on the stamps.
The opening ceremony
At the opening ceremony of the Olympics, the torch with the Olympic flame was carried into the stadium by the 76-year-old Song Ki-Chang, winner Olympic marathon in 1936. Then he was forced to perform using a Japanese name, since Korea was occupied by Japan. In 1936 he competed as a Japanese athlete Kitey Son.
Song Ki-Chang at the 1988 Summer Olympics opening ceremony
Flag of the USSR national team at the opening ceremony Summer Olympics 1988 carried by wrestler Alexander Karelin. At the Seoul Games, he won his first of three Olympic gold medals.
South Korean athletes Chung Sun-Man, Kim Won-Thak and Son Mi-Chun light the flame of the XXIV Summer Olympic Games
Pigeons are a symbol of peace and have been flown at almost every Olympic opening ceremony. It was very beautiful and touching, but animal advocates were worried about the fate of the birds themselves - some of them simply burned on the Olympic fire, trying to fly away from the stadium. The IOC showed humanity, and after 1988 there were no more bird victims at the Games - pigeons were released before the fire was lit, and then paper ones were used.
USSR national team at the XXIV Summer Olympics
The USSR national team missed due to a political boycott. Therefore, at the Seoul Olympics, Soviet athletes were faced with the task of proving that they, as before, are trendsetters in world sports.
As a result, the USSR national team won the team unofficial medal count by a wide margin, having won 18 gold medals more than the closest rival, the GDR team. At the end of the Olympics, Soviet athletes had 55 gold, 31 silver and 46 bronze medals.
Confirmed the title of the strongest gymnasts of the planet Soviet athletes Elena Shushunova(2 gold, silver and bronze) and Vladimir Artyomov(4 gold and silver). They were also supported by their teammates - 10 out of 14 gold medals went to Soviet gymnasts.
One of the heroes of the 1988 Summer Olympics - Vladimir Artyomov
Domestic athletes also looked very good in Seoul - 10 top awards. Racers on the cycle track, volleyball players, wrestlers, rowers in kayaks and canoes, men's handball and basketball teams won.
After a 16-year break, Soviet basketball players again climbed to the highest step of the podium. In the finals of the basketball tournament, the USSR national team beat the Yugoslav team by 13 points and took first place.
After a 32-year break, they went to the USSR national team, which defeated Brazil in the final with a score of 2: 1. Goals scored against opponents Igor Dobrovolsky And Yuri Savichev.
USSR national football team - champions of the Olympic Games in Seoul
Then, in 1988, hardly anyone could have imagined that these would be the last Olympic Games in the history of the USSR national team.
Scandals of the XXIV Summer Olympic Games
On September 24, 1988, a 26-year-old Jamaican with a Canadian passport Ben Johnson set a world record in the 100 m, showing a result of 9.79 seconds. Two days later, the result of a doping test became known: the banned drug stanozolol was found in the athlete's urine. Ben Johnson was stripped of his Olympic gold medal, world record and suspended for two years. At the end of the period of disqualification, the runner returned to the track. On January 17, 1993, at an athletics tournament in Toronto, Johnson's body was found to have a 16-fold excess of the testosterone hormone. The leadership of the International Athletic Federation disqualified the Canadian for life. In both Seoul and Toronto, Ben Johnson claimed he was "not a perpetrator, but a victim."
The American runner won three gold medals in the 100m, 200m and 4x100m relay. She also broke the world record in the 200m, running the distance in 21.34 seconds. and improving the result of the German Marita Koch for 0.37 sec. According to many experts, such results would not have been possible without the use of doping, but each time the American sample turned out to be negative. After the Olympics, the IOC announced an increase in the number of drug tests, and Delorez Florence Griffith-Joyner immediately completed sports career. Meanwhile, her husband Al Joyner(winner of the "gold" of the Olympics-84 in Los Angeles in the triple jump) remained in the sport and was caught doping. In 1996, the athlete suffered her first heart attack, and in September 1998 she died of an epileptic attack at the age of 39. Florence Griffith-Joyner's records have not yet been broken.
Bulgarian athletes Mitko Grablev(category up to 56 kg) and Angel Genchev(category up to 67.5 kg) won gold medals in weightlifting competitions on September 19 and 21, 1988, respectively. Both were stripped of their medals and suspended for two years on September 23 after they tested positive for furosemide. On September 24, the leadership of the Bulgarian national weightlifting team withdrew from the competition athletes who had not yet competed, and the Bulgarian weightlifting team left Seoul. One of the members of the Soviet delegation subsequently told the media that the Bulgarians intended to cheat the doping control by injecting bladder fresh urine with a catheter. Having guessed the plan of the Bulgarian colleagues, the Soviet official occupied the only toilet in the medical laboratory. There was nowhere else to quietly use the catheter, and the Bulgarians had to surrender. Subsequently, one of the violators, Angel Genchev, was sentenced several times by the court to imprisonment for rape, hooliganism, theft, illegal possession of weapons, and escape from prison.
22 September Hungarian weightlifter Kalman Chengeri took fourth place in the category up to 75 kg. On September 25 in Seoul, he was caught doping and disqualified for using testosterone. September 26 another Hungarian weightlifter, Andro Chanyi, won silver in the category up to 100 kg, but already on September 28 he returned the medal, as he was convicted of using stanozolol. On September 29, the Hungarian weightlifting team in full strength withdrew from the competition.
October 2, 1988, 19 years old american boxer Roy Jones met in the final fight in the category up to 71 kg with a South Korean boxer Si Hongom Park. In the duel, Jones had a clear advantage and even knocked down his opponent. By the end of the fight, the ratio of blows reached 86:32 in favor of the American. Despite this, the judges by three votes to two awarded the victory to the Korean athlete. During the announcement of the decision of the judges, the beaten winner barely kept himself upright.
Roy Jones hits Park Si Hun
Referee declares Park Si Hong the winner of the fight
The American delegation filed a protest, but the decision of the judges was not changed. Instead of a gold medal, Roy Jones received International Association amateur boxing prize of Val Barker and the title of the most outstanding boxer of the Games in Seoul. This unofficial prize is awarded at every Olympics, but until 1988 it was usually won by Olympic champion. In November 1988, three judges from Uganda, Uruguay and Morocco, who gave the victory to the Korean, were disqualified for two years for biased refereeing. In 1996, it was proven that these arbitrators received bribes from members of the Korean delegation. Since the Barcelona Olympics in 1992, the rules for scoring in boxing have changed. If earlier the judges recorded the scores on pieces of paper that were given to the referee at the end of the fight, now they press the computer button immediately after the blow that the boxer delivered. A point is entered into the computer system if three out of five judges have pressed the button. On September 9, 1997, in Lausanne, Switzerland, Roy Jones was awarded the Silver Olympic Order in recognition of his services to Olympic Movement. The decision to award the medals was never revised.
Several cities claimed to host the 1996 Olympic Games: Athens, Belgrade, Manchester, Melbourne, Toronto and Atlanta. The favorites, of course, were Athens - the 100th anniversary of the first Olympics was planned and they wanted to hold it in Greece. But the members of the Atlanta bid committee were able to convince the IOC of the city's excellent and highest readiness for Summer Games. As a result, on September 18, 1990, at the 96th session of the IOC, Atlanta was declared the capital of the 1996 Summer Olympics.
Mascot of the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta
It was decided to generate it on a computer. As a result, the creature came out strange: barefoot without a nose and mouth. The designers tried to give Izzy more attractive appearance: big mouth, tail humiliated Olympic rings, funny shoes and white gloves. Then I added sparkle-star eyes. The creature's name Izzy is short for Whatisit? ("What it is?"). He is considered one of the worst mascots of the Olympics.
Opening of the 1996 Olympics
The ceremony took place on July 19, 1996 at Olympic Stadium in Atlanta. The broadcast was carried out by 170 television companies, and about 3.5 billion viewers watched it. The main themes of the presentation were the history of Atlanta and South America, as well as the 100th anniversary of the Olympic Movement. 
The parade was attended by 10,700 athletes from 197 participating countries. The Russian Flag was carried at the ceremony by wrestler Alexander Karelin, who later won his third Olympic gold medal in Atlanta.
After a speech by IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch and Games Organizing Committee President Billy Payne, US President Bill Clinton declared the 1996 Olympics open. Was raised olympic flag and the Fire was lit, the torch was brought by swimmer Janet Evans and boxer Evander Holyfield, and lit former boxer Muhammad Ali.
The culmination was the song "The Power of Dreams" performed by the famous singer Celine Dion, and then colorful fireworks.
Russia at the 1996 Olympics
The Russian team at the Summer Olympics in Atlanta for the first time performed as a separate country. According to the results of the medal count of the 1996 Olympics, the Russian team won second place after the US team. The Russians received 63 medals: 26 gold, 21 silver and 16 bronze.
Most of the winners were among swimmers, wrestlers, fencers and athletes. Swimmer Alexander Popov was able to win 4 medals: 2 gold and 2 silver, and became a four-time Olympic champion.
Criticism of the organization of the 1996 Olympics
Athletes, journalists and officials were very dissatisfied with the organization of the Games. Lots of problems from traffic, numerous failures in the operation of information systems, unpreparedness of volunteers, too strong commercialization of the Olympics in Atlanta.
But the most serious incident was the explosion in Olympic park On July 27, at night, during which 2 people died during mass celebrations, 111 people were injured of varying severity. After many assurances from the organizers of increased security measures, the 1996 Summer Olympics decided to continue.
The offender was detained only a year later after several more terrorist attacks and was given four life sentences with deprivation of the right to parole.
Closing of the 1996 Summer Olympics
At the ceremony, Juan Antonio Samaranch, President of the IOC, for the first and last time did not say the phrase "These Games were the best in history."
The closing ceremony took place at the Olympic Stadium on August 4 and was attended by more than 85,000 people. Many American musicians took part in it. At the ceremony, the last awards of the Summer Olympics were presented to the winners in the men's marathon.
The final parade showed Olympic unity - all athletes walked together without separation by country.
In his speech, Juan Antonio Samaranch called to remember the victims of the Atlanta park bombing and the Israeli athletes who died in Munich in 1972.
The Olympic flag was lowered, and the banner was presented with the measure of Sydney, the capital next Games. It all ended with a magnificent fireworks display.
Doping scandal at the 1996 Games
On July 28, IOC officials announced that the tests of Russian athletes: swimmer Andrey Korneev, cyclist Rita Razmayte and wrestler Zafar Guliyev had tested positive for the banned drug bromantane.
Then bromantane was found: at the swimmer Nina Zhivanevskaya - on July 30, at the runner Marina Trandenkova - on August 1. All caught athletes were disqualified and the won medals were taken away. But after arbitration court in Lausanne, when it was found out that the drug was banned during the Games, but not blacklisted, the results of the athletes were restored and the medals returned.
