Photo of the day. What is mogul
Competitions are held both in mogul and double mogul.
When holding Mogul competitions, a qualification is first held, in which all athletes perform one run. According to the results of the qualification, the athletes who have passed to the final are determined, in which these athletes perform one more race, according to the results of the assessments, in which the winner and prize-winners are determined. In paired mogul, qualifications are also held first and then qualified athletes compete in pairs with each other for a knockout. Accordingly, the remaining two athletes compete for first place.
A track is being prepared for the competition, covered with mounds up to 1.2 m high, on which two springboards are arranged - upper and lower, on which athletes perform jumps.
The slope of the track should be 28°±4° with a length of 235 m ± 35 m and a total width of at least 18 m, while the width of the line of hillocks should be 10 m ± 2 m. There should not be sections longer than 20 m on which the slope would be less than 20° or more than 37°. The vertical drop in height should be 110 m ± 30 m. The height of the jumps should be 50-60 cm. less than 21 m, while the width of the mound line should be 6.5 m ± 0.5 m.
For mogul competitions Olympic Games ax the course must be longer - at least 250 m and have a slope of at least 27°.
According to the results of the race, the judges give the athlete a score. The mark consists of the following three components: Turn mark - 50% Jump mark - 25% Speed mark - 25%
Refereeing is carried out either by 7 judges or by 5 judges. In the first case, 5 judges evaluate the execution of turns, and 2 judges evaluate the execution of jumps. In the second case, the turns are evaluated by 3 judges.
The following criteria are taken into account when evaluating the performance of turns: - Descent along the line closest to the fall line. The athlete must adhere to one line of tubercles
The athlete must use an edge when making turns (the rules use the phrase mogul carving, but this is not related to carving as a riding style with carving turns throughout the descent)
The athlete must follow the terrain of the track, absorbing the bumps and straightening into the hollows between the bumps.
Top part the body should not make sudden movements and should remain directed down the slope.
Jumps are judged on the style and quality of the trick and its difficulty. To determine the score for jumps, a system of basic marks and increasing and decreasing coefficients is used.
Mogul jumping falls into the following categories:
Somersault (forward and backward)
Side somersault
Forward spins
Off axis jumps
Straight jumps
The rules provide for switch-to-switch jumps, as well as bonuses for grappling. Only single somersaults are allowed at the moment.
There are three categories of off axis jumps:
Tricks performed in straight jumps are an eagle, a cossack, an itch, a duffy, a backscratcher, a mule kick, an iron cross, a twister, etc. All these jumps are considered old school by newschoolers.
Upon arrival, the athlete must perform two different jumps. If he performs two of the same, it will be counted as one and only the best of these jumps will count.
The judging system in dual mogul is somewhat different from the system adopted in mogul. Heats are judged by either 5 or 7 judges. In this case, in the case of a system with 5 judges - 1 judge evaluates the jumps, 1 judge evaluates the speed, 2 judges evaluate the turns and 1 judge evaluates the race as a whole. In the case of 7 judges - 2 judges evaluate the jumps, 1 judge evaluates the speed and 4 judges evaluate the turns. Each of the judges puts up votes (from 0 to 5) comparing the rides of two athletes. The athlete with the simple majority of votes wins.
At the moment, the rules do not establish requirements for the length of skis, but earlier there was a restriction that for men the length of skis should be at least 190 cm, and for women 180 cm.
Under the auspices of FIS, in addition to the World Cup and the Olympic Games, the Freestyle World Championships, World Junior Championships, Universiade, Continental Cup, European Cup, Australia and New Zealand Cup, North American Cup, International Children's Championships, National Championships are held. In addition to competitions held under the auspices of the FIS, professional commercial competitions are also held, such as Sprint Bumps and Jumps, Budwiser Pro Mogul Tour, etc.
Mogul in Russia
In Russia, freestyle began to develop in the late 1970s with the start of the first freestyle sections. The eighties of the 20th century became the period of his rapid development. In 1985, by order of the State Sports Committee, freestyle was officially recognized in the USSR and acquired the status of an independent sport.
In 1986, the first all-Union freestyle competitions were held. Then, in Chimgan near Tashkent, the first champions of the country in mogul were determined - Anna Vershinina and Stanislav Sokolenko.
With all the artistry, expressiveness, entertainment for freestyle, there is no need for high mountains and long tracks. You can do it on sites located on not very steep slopes with a length of just over 200 meters. Therefore, the first fans of freestyle in our country appeared not in the mountains of the Caucasus or the Tien Shan, but in Moscow, where the first special base for this sport in our country was built in Krylatskoye. Then such bases were equipped in Leningrad and other regions of the country.
At first, freestyle was managed by the freestyle technical committee of the All-Union Federation. skiing. It included representatives of the sports community and specialists from related disciplines - acrobatics, skiing. In 1988, an independent USSR Freestyle Federation was created under the chairmanship of Alexander Ivanitsky. In 1992, the Freestyle Federation of Russia, headed by President Vladimir Maslachenko, became its successor. Since 1994, the Russian Freestyle Federation has been headed by Lev Kofman. In 2007, Alexander Cherkasov was elected President of the Federation to replace Lev Kofman, who had resigned.
Unlike classical alpine skiing in mogul (and in freestyle in general), Russia quickly achieved success in the international arena.
In 1991, Elizaveta Kozhevnikova won three rounds of the Mogul World Cup and took second place in another round. At the Winter Olympics in Albertville in 1992, Elizabeth took second place, and at the Olympics in Lillehammer in 1994 - third place. In and 1995 Elizabeth twice won prizes at the World Cup, but unfortunately, due to injuries, she left the sport early. At the time, the head coach of the mogul team was Zauri Makiyev. In 1994-1995 Lyudmila Dymchenko won 5 Mogul World Cups (as well as one Mogul Pairs), and also took 2 or 3 places in the World Cup 8 more times. At the end of 1995, she won the Mogul World Cup. Her last successes in the World Cup came in 2002. when she placed 2nd and 3rd in the mogul and double mogul events. Marina Cherkasova in 2002 and 2003 took two second places at the World Cup stages in Saint Larry (France) and Mont Tremblant (Canada). Also in 2003, she placed second at the World Championships in freestyle moguls. At the moment (early 2008) Marina Cherkasova and Lyudmila Dymchenko are still active athletes and take part in the European Cup or World Cup.
The greatest success in mogul was achieved by Sergey Shchupletsov, who can be called a legend of Russian and world freestyle. In 1991 Sergey Shchupletsov made his first World Cup podium, taking second place at the stage in Pyhaetunturi (Finland). In 1994-1995 he came to a leading position in the world mogul. His achievements during this period include 13 World Cup victories, including he set a record by winning six World Cups in a row in late 1994 and early 1995. Subsequently, this achievement was repeated by the American mogulist Jeremy Bloom. In 2005, Sergey Shchupletsov took 2 or 3 places another 17 times. As a result, following the results of 1994, he took second place in the World Cup, and in 1995 he won it. At the Winter Olympics in Lillehammer in February 1994, he won a silver medal in mogul, and at the World Freestyle Championships in February 1995, he took third place. In the summer of 1995, at the peak of his Mogul achievements, Sergei Shchupletsov crashed in the mountains of France on a motorcycle. Sergey Shchupletsov developed his own style in the mogul technique, expressed in active and deep cushioning and treatment of bumps. The style is believed to have been adopted by the Finnish freestyle team. Andrey Ivanov and Vitaly Glushchenko also achieved some success, the highest achievements which were 2nd place at the World Cup stage in 1996 in Tignes (France) and 3rd place at the World Cup stage in 2003 in Ivanashiro (Japan).
Ekaterina Stolyarova, who won the 2008 World Cup stage in Mont Gabriel (Canada) and took second place in the Lake Placid stage (USA), achieved the greatest success among the athletes of the new generation. In men best results Ruslan Sharifulin achieved the former 3rd at the World Cup stage in Fernier (Canada) in 2005 and 2nd at the stage in Mont Gabriel (Canada) in 2008. Also at the 2007 World Championships, he was third in double mogul .
In Russia, under the auspices of the Freestyle Mogul Federation, the following major competitions are held - the Cup of Russia, the Russian championship, the Russian championship, and all-Russian competitions.
mogul training
This section describes the main directions training process professional athletes- Moghulists.
Off-Slope Training (Summer):
It is divided into two components - the general physical training, gymnastic (acrobatic training)
Aerobic training: long distance running, roller skating.
Strength training: lifting weights.
Elasticity: various jumps
Speed: run on short distances(10-100 meters) with a sharp start (reaction training)
Coordination: trampoline, rollerblading (downhill with sticks), skateboard, gymnastics, acrobatics
Flexibility: Stretch
A water springboard is used for jumping training in the summer.
Slope workouts:
Part of the time is given ski training, slalom and hummock damping exercises. A mogul-specific exercise is riding on a track made of small stakes placed very close together in a line. Available special exercises for training depreciation of the bumps. Professional moguls ride flatter slopes much more than you might think, as it is much easier to concentrate and learn to ride without bumps.
Tricks are first practiced in the gym, on the trampoline, on the water springboard, and only then transferred to the snow.
The training regime of athletes of the level of the national team (in particular, Finland):
At least 200 days of snow skiing per year
Workouts in the morning and after lunch, two hours each
In the evening, a short game workout and stretching
The most famous athletes
Girls
| Sportswoman | Most Significant Achievements | |
|---|---|---|
| Hilary Ingish (USA) | 1st place CM 1980, 1st place CM 1981, 1st place CM 1982, 1st place CM 1984 | |
| Kay Kuchera (USA) | 3rd place KM 1980 | |
| Stephanie Sloan (Canada) | 2nd place CM 1980, 3rd place CM 1981 | |
| Erica Gallizzi (Switzerland) | ||
| Hedy Garhammer (Germany) | ||
| Lisa Downing (Canada) | 3rd place KM 1982 | |
| Rani Lee Smith (Canada) | 2nd place KM 1981 | |
| Marie-Claude Asselin (Canada) | ||
| Lucy Barma (Canada) | ||
| Hailey Wolff (USA) | 2nd place in the 1986 World Cup, 2nd place in the 1982 World Cup, 1st place in the 1983 World Cup, 2nd place in the 1984 World Cup, 2nd place in the 1985 World Cup | |
| Mary Jo Tiampo (USA) | 1st place in the 1986 World Cup, 2nd place in the 1983 World Cup, 1st place in the 1985 World Cup, 1st place in the 1986 World Cup | |
| Christina Hornberg (Sweden) | ||
| Jennifer Wilson (Canada) | ||
| Madeleine Ouvhagen (Sweden) | ||
| Laura Colnaghi (Italy) | ||
| Catherine Frarier (France) | 3rd place CM 1985, 2nd place CM 1986 | |
| Ann Gilbert (USA) | ||
| Silvia Marchiandi (Italy) | 3rd place in the 1986 World Cup, 2nd place in the 1993 World Cup | |
| Lily Morrisson (Canada) | 3rd place CM 1988, 3rd place CM 1991 | |
| Connie Kissling (Switzerland) | bronze ZOG 1988, 3rd place KM 1986, 3rd place KM 1987 | |
| Charlotte Zaccariassen (Norway) | ||
| Liz McIntyre (USA) | silver ZOG 1994 | |
| Rafael Monod (France) | silver ZOG 1988, 2nd place at the 1995 World Championships, 1st place at the 1989 World Championships, 1st place at the 1987 World Championships, 1st place at the 1989 World Championships, 3rd place at the 1990 World Championships, 3rd place at the 1992 World Championships, 1st place KM 1995 | |
| Steen Liz Hattestad (Norway) | bronze ZOG 1992, gold ZOG 1994, 1st place WCH 1993, 2nd place KM 1987, 1st place KM 1988, 2nd place KM 1991, 2nd place KM 1992, 1st place KM 1993, 2nd place CM 1994 | |
| Tatiana Mittermeier (Germany) | gold ZOG 1988, silver ZOG 1998, 3rd place WCH 1997, 3rd place WCH 1995, 2nd place WCH 1991, 3rd place WCH 1989, 2nd place KM 1988, 3rd place KM 1989, 2nd place CM 1990, 3rd place CM 1995, 2nd place CM 1996, 1st place CM 1997, 3rd place CM 1998 | |
| Liz Benberg (Sweden) | ||
| Donna Weinbrecht (USA) | gold at the ZoI 1992, 2nd place at the 1997 World Championships, 1st place at the 1991 World Championships, 2nd place at the 1989 World Championships, 2nd place at the 1989 World Championships, 1st place at the 1990 World Championships, 1st place at the 1991 World Championships, 1st place KM 1992, 1st place KM 1994, 2nd place KM 1995, 1st place KM 1996 | |
| Petra Moroder (Italy) | 2nd place in the 1993 World Cup | |
| Bronwen Thomas (Canada) | 3rd place in the 1993 World Cup | |
| Meredith Gardner (Canada) | ||
| Birgit Stein-Keppler (Germany) | 3rd place in the 1991 World Cup | |
| Elizaveta Kozhevnikova (USSR) | silver ZOG 1992, bronze ZOG 1994, 1st place KM 1990, 2nd place KM, 1st place KM, 1st place 1991, 3rd place KM 1995., 2nd place 1995 | |
| Maggie Connor (USA) | ||
| Kandis Gilg (France) | 1st place in the 1997 World Cup, 1st place in the 1995 World Cup, 3rd place in the 1993 World Cup, 3rd place in the 1994 World Cup, 3rd place in the 1996 World Cup, 2nd place in the 1997 World Cup, 2nd place in the 1998 World Cup | |
| Sandrine Voucher (Switzerland) | ||
| Ludmila Dymchenko (Russia) | 2nd place KM, 1st place KM, 1st place KM, 2nd place KM 1994, 1st place KM, 3rd place KM, 2nd place KM, 2nd place KM, 1st place KM, 3rd place KM, 1st place KM, 2nd place KM , 1st place CM 1995, 3rd place CM 1996, 2nd place CM 2001, 3rd place CM 2002 | |
| Ann Dowling (USA) | ||
| Ann Battelle (USA) | 1st place in the 1999 World Cup, 1st place in the 1999 World Cup, 1st place in the 2000 World Cup | |
| Ann Cattelin (France) | ||
| Jenny Eidolf (Sweden) | ||
| Aiko Uemura (Japan) | 3rd place in the 2001 World Cup, 2nd place in the 2001 World Cup, 1st place in the 2008 World Cup | |
| Minna Karhu (Finland) | 3rd place KM 1997 | |
| Kari Traa (Norway) | bronze ZOG 1998, gold ZOG 2002, silver ZOG 2006, 1st place World Cup 2003, 1st place World Cup 2001, 2nd place World Cup 1999, 1st place KM 2001, 1st place KM 2002 2003 KM 2nd place 2004 KM 2nd place 2005 KM 2006 KM 2nd place | |
| Maria Despas (Australia) | 2nd place in the 2001 World Cup | |
| Tae Satoya (Japan) | gold ZOI 1998, bronze ZOI 2002 | |
| Marya Elfman (Sweden) | 1st place CM 1998, 2nd place CM 1999, 1* place CM 2000 | |
| Sara Kjellin (Sweden) | ||
| Kelly Ringstad (Canada) | ||
| Gabriel Rauscher (Germany) | ||
| Anja Bolbjerg (Denmark) | ||
| Michelle Roark (USA) | 2nd place in the 2003 World Cup, 3rd place in the 1999 World Cup, 3rd place in the 2006 World Cup | |
| Corinne Bodmer (Switzerland) | 3rd place in the 1999 World Cup | |
| Sandra Schmitt (Germany) | 3rd place KM 2000 | |
| Shannon Bark (USA) | silver ZOG 2002, 3rd place CM 2002, 1st place CM 2003, 2nd place CM 2007 | |
| Tami Bradley (Canada) | ||
| Hanna Hardaway (USA) | 3rd place CM 2001, 2nd place CM 2002 | |
| Jennifer Hale (Canada) | gold at the ZoI 2006, 2nd place at the 2007 World Championships, 1st place at the 2004 World Championships, 1st place at the 2005 World Championships, 1st place at the 2006 World Championships, 1st place at the 2007 World Championships | |
| Margarita Marbler (Austria) | 3rd place at the 2005 World Championships, 3rd place at the 2003 World Championships, 3rd place at the 2004 World Championships, 3rd place at the 2005 World Championships, 3rd place at the 2007 World Championships, 3rd place at the 2008 World Championships | |
| Berenice Gregoire (France) | ||
| Gillian Vogtli (USA) | ||
| Marina Cherkasova (Russia) | 2nd place KM 2002, 2nd place KM 2003, 2nd place World Cup 2003. | |
| Daria Serova (Russia) | ||
| Sandra Laura (France) | bronze ZOG 2006 | |
| Ingrid Berntsen (Norway) | ||
| Laurel Shanley (USA) | ||
| Hanna Kearney (USA) | 1st place World Cup 2005 | |
| Stephanie St. Pierre (Canada) | 3rd place in the 2003 World Cup | |
| Nikola Sudova (Czech Republic) | 2nd place in the 2005 World Cup, 2nd place in the 2008 World Cup | |
| Sara Kjellin (Sweden) | ||
| Christy Richards (Canada) | 2nd place CM 2005, 1st place CM, 3rd place CM, 3rd place CM, 3rd place CM 2007, 3rd place CM, 2nd place CM 2008, 1st place CM, 2nd place CM 2009, 3rd place KM, 3rd place KM 2010, 3rd place KM 2011, 1st place World Cup 2007, 3rd place World Cup 2011 | |
| Deborah Scanzio (Italy) | 3rd place in the 2007 World Cup | |
| Emiko Torito (USA) | ||
| Sylvia Kerfoot (Canada) | ||
| Shelley Robertson (USA) | ||
| Ekaterina Stolyarova (Russia) | 2nd place CM 2008, 1st place CM 2008, 3rd place CM 2011 | |
| Kayla Snyderman (USA) | ||
| Julia Galysheva (Ust-Kamenogorsk) | Freestyle. Stage of the European Cup. Jyväskylä (Finland), 1st place March 18-19, 2011 |
Men
| Athlete | Most Significant Achievements |
|---|---|
| Sigi Innauer (Austria) | 3rd place KM 1980 |
| Franz Garhammer (Germany) | |
| Scott Brooksbank (USA) | |
| Steve Resendis (USA) | |
| Bruce Boleski (USA) | |
| Nano Purtier (France) | 1st place CM 1981, 1st place CM 1982 |
| Frank Beddor (USA) | 2nd place CM 1981, 2nd place CM 1982 |
| John Ives (USA) | |
| Greg Atans (Canada) | 1st place CM 1980, 3rd place CM 1981 |
| Stuart O'Brien (USA) | |
| Craig Sabina (USA) | |
| Bill Keenan (Canada) | 2nd place CM 1980, 3rd place CM 1982, 1st place CM 1983 |
| Franco Zanolari (Switzerland) | |
| Philippe Deiber (France) | |
| Jean Dutrouil (France) | 2nd place KM 1984 |
| Philippe Bron (France) | 1st place CM 1984, 1st place CM 1985 |
| Hans Schenk (Italy) | |
| Peter Judge (Canada) | |
| Andrea Schenk (Italy) | |
| Stefan Engstrom (Sweden) | 2nd place KM 1983 |
| Georg Baetz (France) | |
| Mauro Mottini (Italy) | |
| Tom Bell (USA) | |
| Lasse Fahlen (Sweden) | 3rd place CM 1983, 3rd place CM 1984 |
| Cooper Shell (USA) | 3rd place CM 1985, 3rd place CM 1987 |
| Steve Dezovic (USA) | 2nd place CM 1985, 1st place CM 1986 |
| Gunnar Moberg (Sweden) | |
| John Witt (USA) | |
| Eric Labouret (France) | |
| Bernard Brandt (Switzerland) | 2nd place in the 1991 World Cup |
| Nelson Carmichael (USA) | bronze ZOG 1992, 1st place KM 1988, 1st place KM 1989 |
| Martti Kellokumpu (Finland) | 3rd place in the 1986 World Cup, 2nd place in the 1986 World Cup |
| Henrik Oskarsson (Sweden) | 3rd place CM 1986, 1st place CM 1987 |
| Chuck Martin (USA) | 3rd place in the 1991 World Cup |
| Petsch Moser (Switzerland) | 2nd place in the 1986 World Cup |
| Eric Burton (France) | 1st place in the 1986 World Cup, 3rd place in the 1991 World Cup, 2nd place in the 1987 World Cup, 2nd place in the 1988 World Cup, 3rd place in the 1990 World Cup, 3rd place in the 1991 World Cup |
| Bruno Bertrand (France) | |
| Hakan Hansson (Sweden) | gold ZOG 1988 |
| Edgar Grospiron (France) | bronze ZOG 1988, gold ZOG 1992, bronze ZOG 1994, 1st place World Cup 1989, 1st place World Cup 1991, 1st place World Cup 1995, 3rd place KM 1988, 2nd place KM 1989 1st place CM 1990, 1st place CM 1991, 1st place CM 1992, 1st place CM 1994, 2nd place CM 1995 |
| Hans Engelsen Eide (Norway) | silver ZOG 1988, 3rd place KM 1989, 2nd place KM 1991 |
| Tero Turunen (Finland) | |
| Jürg Biner (Switzerland) | 2nd place in the 1989 World Cup |
| Bob Aldigieri (USA) | |
| Olivier Allamand (France) | silver ZOG 1992, 2nd place KM 1990, 3rd place KM 1992 |
| Youri Gilg (France) | |
| Scott Ogren (USA) | |
| Leif Persson (Sweden) | |
| Mark Moeller (USA) | |
| Thomas Christiansson (Sweden) | |
| John Smart (Canada) | 2nd place KM 1993 |
| Risk Emerson (USA) | |
| Sergei Shchupletsov (USSR) | silver ZOG 1994, 3rd place in the 1995 World Championships, 2nd place in the 1994 World Championships, 1st place in the 1995 World Championships |
| Jean-Luc Brassard (Canada) | gold ZOG 1994, 1st place at the 1993 World Championships, 2nd place at the 1995 World Championships, 1st place at the 1997 World Championships, 2nd place at the 1992 World Championships, 1st place at the 1993 World Championships, 3rd place at the 1994 World Championships, 3rd place KM 1995, 1st place KM 1996, 1st place KM 1997, 2nd place KM 1998 |
| Christian Marcu (Canada) | |
| Lane Barrett (Canada) | |
| Jorgen Paajarvi (Sweden) | |
| Ryuji Iwabuchi (Japan) | |
| Tony Hemery (France) | |
| Jim Moran (USA) | |
| Fabien Bertrand (France) | 2nd place in the 1993 World Cup |
| Olivier Cottet (France) | 3rd place in the 1993 World Cup, 3rd place in the 1993 World Cup |
| Fabrice Ugier (France) | 3rd place KM 1996 |
| Stephen Rochon (Canada) | 2nd place in the 1997 World Cup, 3rd place in the 2001 World Cup, 2nd place in the 1997 World Cup, 2nd place in the 2002 World Cup |
| Dominique Gauthier (Canada) | |
| Troy Benson (USA) | |
| Bjorn Aaberg (Sweden) | |
| Sean Smith (USA) | |
| Mark McDonell (Canada) | |
| Pierre Forget (Canada) | |
| Nick Cleaver (Austria) | |
| Johnny Mosley (USA) | gold ZOG 1998, 2nd place KM 1996, 1st place KM 1998 |
| Ivan Dibwig (USA) | |
| David Carpano (USA) | |
| Takehiro Sakamoto (Japan) | |
Mogul are hillocks on the slope, formed when skiers throw snow into heaps when performing small radius turns. They can also be built with technical means(from a shovel to a snowcat) on a slope for the purpose of competitions or freestyle training. Once formed, natural hummocks tend to grow as skiers go around them on the same path, thus deepening the hollows between the hummocks. Since skiing tends to make a series of connected turns, individual knolls form fields of knolls. On most ski resorts some slopes level out irregularly or not level out at all, allowing hummocks to form. These bumpy trails are usually quite steep. Some of the tracks cannot be leveled due to their steepness, small width or the presence of obstacles that prevent the snowcat from passing. Hillocks usually form on such routes. Hillock trails that can be leveled out usually flatten out when the bumps get too big and the hollows between them become too deep, so that the bumps become too difficult to ride on and around them. Some hillock fields flatten out when they become icy or too rough to be safe and enjoyable to ride.
A fun fact is that during the season the mound fields move up (unless they are dug up) due to the fact that the lower parts of the mounds are scraped off by skiers braking on them and this snow rolls down to the next mound.
Origin of the term
The term "mogul", according to one version, comes from the word mugel in the Viennese dialect of German, meaning a small hill [ ] . At the same time, in modern German, the discipline is called Buckelpiste.
Ways and techniques of riding on hillocks
The slope of the track should be 28°±4° with a length of 235 m ± 35 m and a total width of at least 18 m, while the width of the line of hillocks should be 10 m ± 2 m. There should not be sections longer than 20 m on which the slope would be less than 20° or more than 37°. The vertical drop in height should be 110 m ± 30 m. The height of the jumps should be 50-60 cm. less than 21 m, while the width of the mound line should be 6.5 m ± 0.5 m. For mogul competitions at the Olympic Games, the track must be longer - at least 250 m and have a slope of at least 27 °. According to the results of the race, the judges give the athlete a score. The mark consists of the following three components: Turn mark - 50% Jump mark - 25% Speed mark - 25% Refereeing is carried out either by 7 judges or by 5 judges. In the first case, 5 judges evaluate the execution of turns, and 2 judges evaluate the execution of jumps. In the second case, the turns are evaluated by 3 judges. The following criteria are taken into account when evaluating the performance of turns: - Descent along the line closest to the fall line. The athlete must adhere to one line of tubercles The athlete must use an edge when making turns (the rules use the phrase mogul carving, but this is not related to carving as a riding style with carving turns throughout the descent) The athlete must follow the terrain of the track, absorbing the bumps and straightening into the hollows between the bumps. The upper body should not make sudden movements and should remain pointing down the slope. Jumps are judged on the style and quality of the trick and its difficulty. To determine the score for jumps, a system of basic marks and increasing and decreasing coefficients is used. Mogul jumping falls into the following categories: Somersault (forward and backward) Side somersault Forward spins Off axis jumps Straight jumps The rules provide for switch-to-switch jumps, as well as bonuses for grappling. Only single somersaults are allowed at the moment. There are three categories of off axis jumps: Tricks performed in straight jumps are an eagle, a cossack, an itch, a duffy, a backscratcher, a mule kick, an iron cross, a twister, etc. All these jumps are considered old school by newschoolers. Upon arrival, the athlete must perform two different jumps. If he performs two of the same jumps, it will be counted as one and only the best of these jumps will count. The judging system in dual mogul is somewhat different from the system adopted in mogul. Heats are judged by either 5 or 7 judges. In this case, in the case of a system with 5 judges - 1 judge evaluates the jumps, 1 judge evaluates the speed, 2 judges evaluate the turns and 1 judge evaluates the race as a whole. In the case of 7 judges - 2 judges evaluate the jumps, 1 judge evaluates the speed and 4 judges evaluate the turns. Each of the judges puts up votes (from 0 to 5) comparing the rides of two athletes. The athlete with the simple majority of votes wins. At the moment, the rules do not establish requirements for the length of skis, but earlier there was a restriction that for men the length of skis should be at least 190 cm, and for women 180 cm. Under the auspices of FIS, in addition to the World Cup and the Olympic Games, the Freestyle World Championships, World Junior Championships, Universiade, Continental Cup, European Cup, Australia and New Zealand Cup, North American Cup, International Children's Championships, National Championships are held. In addition to competitions held under the auspices of the FIS, professional commercial competitions are also held, such as Sprint Bumps and Jumps, Budwiser Pro Mogul Tour, etc. Mogul in RussiaIn Russia, freestyle began to develop in the late 1970s with the start of the first freestyle sections. The eighties of the 20th century became a period of its rapid development. In 1985, by order of the State Sports Committee, freestyle was officially recognized in the USSR and acquired the status of an independent sport. In 1986, the first all-Union freestyle competitions were held. Then, in Chimgan near Tashkent, the first champions of the country in mogul were determined - Anna Vershinina and Stanislav Sokolenko. With all the artistry, expressiveness, entertainment for freestyle, there is no need for high mountains and long tracks. You can do it on sites located on not very steep slopes with a length of just over 200 meters. Therefore, the first fans of freestyle in Moscow, where the first special base in the USSR for this sport was built in Krylatskoye. Then such bases were equipped in Leningrad and other regions of the country. At first, freestyle was managed by the freestyle technical committee of the All-Union Ski Federation. It included representatives of the sports community and specialists from related disciplines - acrobatics, skiing. In 1988, an independent USSR Freestyle Federation was created under the chairmanship of Alexander Ivanitsky. In 1992, the Freestyle Federation of Russia, headed by President Vladimir Maslachenko, became its successor. Since 1994, the Russian Freestyle Federation has been headed by Lev Kofman. In 2007, Alexander Cherkasov was elected President of the Federation to replace Lev Kofman, who had resigned. Unlike classic alpine skiing in mogul (and in freestyle in general), Russia quickly achieved success in the international arena. In 1991, Elizaveta Kozhevnikova won three rounds of the Mogul World Cup and took second place in another round. At the Winter Olympics in Albertville in 1992, Elizabeth took second place, and in 2002 and 2003 she took two second places at the World Cups in Saint Larry (France) and Mont Tremblant (Canada). Also in 2003, she placed second at the World Championships in freestyle moguls. At the moment (early 2008) Marina Cherkasova and Lyudmila Dymchenko are still active athletes and take part in the European Cup or World Cup. The greatest success in mogul was achieved by Sergey Shchupletsov, who can be called a legend of Russian and world freestyle. In 1991 Sergey Shchupletsov made his first World Cup podium, taking second place at the stage in Pyhaetunturi (Finland). In 1994-1995 he came to a leading position in the world mogul. His accomplishments during this period include 13 World Cup victories, including a record win at the end of 1994 and 1996. mogul trainingThis subsection describes the main directions of the training process of professional athletes - moguls. Off-Slope Training (Summer): It is divided into two components - general physical training, gymnastic (acrobatic training) Aerobic training: long distance running, roller skating. Strength training: lifting weights. Elasticity: various jumps Speed: sprints (10-100 meters) with a sharp start (reaction training) Coordination: trampoline, rollerblading (downhill with sticks), skateboard, gymnastics, acrobatics Flexibility: Stretch A water springboard is used for jumping training in the summer. Slope workouts: Part of the time is devoted to alpine skiing, slalom and bump cushioning exercises. A mogul-specific exercise is riding on a track made of small stakes placed very close together in a line. There are special exercises for training depreciation of the tubercles. Professional moguls ride flatter slopes much more than you might think, as it is much easier to concentrate and learn to ride without bumps. Tricks are first practiced in the gym, on the trampoline, on the water springboard, and only then transferred to the snow. The training regime of athletes of the level of the national team (in particular, Finland): At least 200 days of snow skiing per year Workouts in the morning and after lunch, two hours each In the evening, a short game workout and stretching |
What is mogul
The name of the sport comes from the Viennese dialect of German from the word mugl - a small hill. The entire route consists of hillocks and a series of two jumps. It always seemed to me that our team should be the strongest in the world, since the best training base for the Mogul is the central slopes of Mount Cheget. All the time that I was there, they were solid mounds. The length of the track must be at least 250 meters, and the slope must be at least 27 degrees.
Judging by the clothes, this is our mogul team. Unfortunately, I did not have time to meet the athletes in this discipline personally.
When I first saw mogul races, I realized that the sport was created for absolute masochists who hate their health, in particular, their knees. But in reality, everything turned out quite differently. The technique of passing the hillocks today is close to perfection and does not greatly harm health.
Like any other sport at last year's World Cups in Sochi, the mogul was on the verge of collapse. Snow was critically lacking. See what the track looked like from the side. But if you really want something, then everything will work out and the shapers (track builders) did another miracle - they saved the track for competitions
According to the results of the race, the judges give the athlete a score. The score consists of the following three components: Turn score - 50% Jump score - 25% Speed score - 25%
Refereeing is carried out either by 7 judges or by 5 judges. In the first case, 5 judges evaluate the execution of turns, and 2 judges evaluate the execution of jumps. In the second case, the turns are evaluated by 3 judges.
There are two ski jumps on the track - one at the beginning, the other just before the finish line.
Mogul jumping falls into the following categories:
- somersault (forward and backward)
- side somersault
- direct rotations
- off axis jumps
- straight jumps
The rules provide for switch-to-switch jumps, as well as bonuses for grappling. Only single somersaults are allowed at the moment.
Upon arrival, the athlete must perform two different jumps. If he performs two of the same, it will be counted as one and only the best of these jumps will count.
Freestyle competition began in the 1960s as an opposition to the traditional disciplines of skiing. Ski acrobatics was developed around the 1950s by Olympic gold medalist Stein Eriksen. He is often cited as the father of the sport. It is believed that the first competitions were held thanks to him. Eriksen won gold medal in giant slalom and a silver medal in slalom at the 1952 Winter Olympics, and then became a famous ski instructor at some resorts in the United States, where he put on acrobatic ski shows. Together with another skier, Daut Pfeif, he structured the disparate areas of non-traditional skiing, combining them into one sport.
First I went upstairs to take pictures of the launch area.
Mogul competitions will be held in the evening and the course looks very cool in the floodlights. How cool would it be if she was saved and left at the resort for training
Volunteers are fooling around
The route was prepared very carefully. All the same, the final big competitions before the Olympics are here
Springboards were specially sprinkled with salt so that they turned into ice
Some facts from wikipedia: The three original disciplines in freestyle (ski ballet, mogul and ski acrobatics) developed from "hot dogging"; one race, which included riding on hillocks, jumping and ballet tricks. The first competitions were held in 1971 in the USA in New Hampshire. Prizes were awarded for the fastest ride, a unique trick, a beautiful jump, etc. Unfortunately, as the size of the prizes increased, the athletes tried to perform more and more diverse and dangerous tricks. After a hail of injuries, including broken spines and even deaths, the competition was suspended by the sponsor and problems with insurance companies that didn't want to insure the freestylers.
Subsequently, the competitions were divided into three components - the modern freestyle disciplines that have already become classic - ski ballet, mogul and ski acrobatics. At this time, rules were adopted forbidding jumping with coups over the head in mogul. The mogul was very popular, attracting crowds of spectators, most of whom came to feel the atmosphere of the contest and watch the terrible falls of the athletes. Some people thought this style of skiing was too dangerous and didn't want freestyle included in the Olympic sports. The sport of freestyle did not have too many rules and was not safe, knee injuries became common among professional freestylers.
However, the interest of the public and the media did not go unnoticed and the International Ski Federation (FIS) recognized freestyle as a sport in 1979 and adopted new rules regarding the licensing of athletes and jumping technique, in an attempt to limit the performance of dangerous elements in competitions. The Federation has tightened the licensing system of freestyle schools, clubs, as well as the athletes themselves as much as possible. Thus, only the best of the best could enter the competition. The first series of World Cups was started in 1980 and the first World Cup was held in 1986 in Tignes, France. This event was a great success and a freestyle fever began in Europe.
In Russia, freestyle began to develop in the late 1970s with the start of the first freestyle sections. The eighties of the 20th century became a period of its rapid development. In 1985, by order of the State Sports Committee, freestyle was officially recognized in the USSR and acquired the status of an independent sport.
There aren't many places to take moguls. You can shoot from below and then the whole view of the track will open, you can stand behind the net on the side of the track. It's a little dangerous there - there is a chance that the athlete can fly into you
Mogul jumps are still done in the old style, but there are already riders who take rows and do new school elements.
Going to see the moguls is definitely worth it. Speed, jumps, tricks, but most importantly, you never know who will win.
There are contenders, the US and Canadian teams, but our guys can also show a good level
As always, a general shot with national flavor. Well, who's coming to watch the moguls? I'll be there between halfpipe competitions
Since I have devoted 15 years of my life to professional mogul (freestyle), I decided to tell in detail what kind of winter sport it is.
Winter sports. Freestyle Mogul Specialization
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If you go out into the street and ask a person passing by about what he knows about such a sport as he could, then 9 out of 10 people that: no, we don’t know. What is this sport?
Mogul is a type of freestyle skiing with a ski base. The point is to pass a bumpy track and perform two mandatory acrobatic jumps.
The mogul track is 230 to 250 meters long, with a slope of 23-25 degrees. The distance between the bumps is about two meters. Refereeing is carried out either by 7 judges or by 5 judges. In the first case, when an athlete is judged by 7 judges, 5 judges judge the technique of passing the course and 2 judges judge the acrobatic jumps. In the second case, when there are 5 judges, three of them evaluate the technique and two jumps. The time is set automatically.
According to the results of the race, the athlete is given a score. The assessment consists of the following three components:
Score for completing turns - 50%
Jump score - 25%
Speed score - 25%
The evaluation of the passage of the route takes into account the following criteria:
- The athlete must adhere to one line of bumps. In other words, the athlete must follow one clearly chosen course without changing the trajectory of the descent.
- When performing turns, the athlete must use fast ski edging, fast carved turns, aka mogul carving.
- The athlete must follow the terrain of the track, cushioning the bumps with his feet.
- The upper body must remain motionless and be directed straight down the slope, only the hands that make injections with sticks work, thereby indicating turns and helping to maintain balance on the track.
Jumps are judged on style, trick performance and difficulty.
Mogul jumping falls into two categories: old school and new school.
Old school jumping includes: twists, stretches ("steps"-like longitudinal twine, but only in the air and "eagles" - transverse splits in the air), Cossack (transverse split in the air, followed by a fold / inclination between the legs), back cross (crossing skis behind the back), helicopter (360 degree rotation, also on 720 and 1080 degrees), grab (hand grip of the ski). All these jumps could be combined with each other. Various combinations of jumps were obtained: single, for example, "step", double, for example, two twists or twist-eagle, triple, for example, step-twist-eagle or Cossack-cross-Cossack, quadruple, for example, four twists or three twists-eagle. The helicopter was valued as a double figure. A helicopter with a position, such as a cross, grab or eagle, was regarded as a triple figure with a high difficulty factor. Today, "old school" jumps are rarely used. They jump either in training, as a warm-up and sometimes in a pair mogul.
The new jumping school includes:
- somersault (forward and backward)
- somersault side, side
– 360,720 and 1080 degree rotations
- off axis jumps
- screws
- somersault with screws
Only single somersaults are allowed at the moment.
There are three categories of off axis jumps:
Category A - D-Spin / Loopfull
Category B - Cork / Misty / Bio
Category C - Rodeo/Flatspin
At the competition, the athlete must perform two different jumps. In the event that he performs two identical ones, for example, a back somersault on the first hill and a back somersault on the second hill, this will be counted as one jump and only the best of these jumps will count. But for example, if an athlete jumps on the first springboard back somersault, and on the second back somersault with a cross, then this will be considered as two different jumps, since an additional element was added on the second jump.
The judging system in dual mogul is somewhat different from that in single mogul. Races are also judged by either 5 or 7 judges. In a 5-judge system, 1 judge scores jumps, 1 judge scores speed, 2 judges score turns and 1 judge scores the run as a whole. In a 7-judge system, 2 judges score jumps, 1 judge scores speed and 4 judges score turns. Each of the judges puts up votes (from 0 to 5) comparing the rides of two athletes. The athlete with the simple majority of votes wins.
The speed of the route is quite high. Among women, the speed of passage reaches 40-50 km / h, for men 60-70 km / h. The average time of passing the track (230-250 meters) for women: 26-27 seconds, for men 23 seconds. The most common injuries in mogul are: knees (menisci and cruciate ligaments). The back is also injured. shoulder joints and ankle.
The history of the development of freestyle and mogul.
Freestyle skiing originates in the distant 1930s, when Norwegian skiers in training performed acrobatic stunts by ski. Freestyle skiing began in the 1960s as a response to the traditional disciplines of alpine skiing. Ski acrobatics was developed around the 1950s by Stein Eriksen. He is often referred to as the father of the sport. Freestyle continued to develop in the 1960s and 1970s as "hot dogging". Bob Burns came up with the style in Sun Valley, Idaho, starting in 1965. During the competition, skiers had to go through a certain program, first they had to demonstrate correct technique passing the track, and then drive in freestyle performing tricks of your own choice and desire. The three original disciplines in freestyle (ski ballet, mogul and ski acrobatics) evolved from "hot dogging". Hot dogging is a single run that included rolling over mounds, jumping and ballet tricks. The first competition was held in 1971 in the USA in New Hampshire and was sponsored by K2. Mogul was included in the official program of the 1992 Albertville Winter Olympics, and acrobatics was added to the program in 1994 at the Lillehammer Games. Edgar Grospiron (France) won the first gold medal at the Albertville Olympics. Olympic medal in the mogul in front of numerous spectators. Canadian Jean-Luc Brassard became the winner of the Lillehammer Olympics. Mogul has become one of the most spectacular Olympic sports sports. At the Games in Nagano, (Japan), tickets for the mogul competition were much more in demand than for the finals of the hockey tournament!
Mogul today
Freestyle skiing competitions under the auspices of the FIS had rules limiting the difficulty of the elements performed, which was unpopular with the growing skiing community and slowed down the development of the sport. In particular, such rules included a ban on coups when performing mogul jumps, a limit on the number of somersaults performed in a jump in acrobatics, and there were also no competitions in parks or halfpipes. Newschool became a destination for those freestylers who didn't like the rules set by the FIS. A number of Mogul athletes criticized the FIS for its policies and tried to get permission to perform new acrobatic stunts in the Mogul. The biggest contributor to the rule change was Johnny Mosley from the USA. In 1998 at the Nagano Olympics, he won his first gold medal. Mosley himself, who retired from the sport after the 1998 Olympics, and then returned to try to defend Olympic gold in 2002, he said that nothing had changed in the Mogul for four years, the tricks remained the same, the Mogul became boring and uninteresting. For the Salt Lake City Olympics in 2002, he brought a trick called the Dinner Roll, which he invented for the X-Games, into the mogul. Initially, the FIS stated that the trick was against the rules and could not be performed during mogul competition, however, Mosley was able to convince the FIS to allow the trick to be performed. The Dinner Roll is a 720-degree rotation, the first rotation being performed with the body parallel to the ground, and the second with the body perpendicular to the ground, with the legs at the same level as the head, which can be seen as complying with the rules against flips (it was forbidden for the legs to performing the trick were above their heads). As a result, Mosley performed this trick at the Olympic Games in Salt Lake City in 2002, which caused the delight of the public, and took 4th place. Less than half a year later, the restriction on performing off-axis tricks and flips was lifted and athletes immediately began to perform new tricks, such as back and front somersaults, various off-axis rotations (D-Spin, Cork, Misty, Rodeo, Bio, etc.). etc.), somersaults with screws, etc. As a result, the mogul only benefited from this, which had a positive effect on the entertainment of this sport.
At the moment there are two main branches of freestyle: one includes traditional moguls and acrobatics (ski ballet has now ceased to exist) and a newer branch, often called newschool, which will include acrobatics in ski parks: halfpipe, big air, slopestyle and skicross.
Which consists of skiing on a hilly slope and performing ski jumping. This subspecies of sport got its name because of the name of the hillocks, which, in the framework of special terminology, are called moguls.
Short description origin history.
Mogul is a form of freestyle skiing that began in the 1930s in Norway. Then the skiers in training performed various acrobatic stunts on skis.
Freestyle competitions began to be held already in the 1960s and were opposed to traditional disciplines in alpine skiing. Stein Erickson, the Olympic gold medalist who developed the freestyle rules in the 1950s, is often credited as the father of ski acrobatics. Mogul was one of the three original freestyle disciplines, along with ski ballet and ski acrobatics. Initially, it consisted of one race, which included riding on hillocks and jumping with tricks.
In 1947, the Freestyle Skiing Association of Canada was formed in Canada and freestyle skiing (including moguls) was recognized by the Skiing Association of Canada. In the USSR, freestyle was recognized in 1985, and the first competitions were held in 1986.
A brief description of the basic principles, features of the sport.
In mogul skiers descend a slope about 235 meters long, on which moguls are staggered. During the descent, the athlete must perform 2 jumps from the springboards, which are located on the track. Traditionally, this is one springboard at the beginning of the track and one at the end. Judges evaluate the speed of the course, technique and jumps. However, they look not only at these parameters, because. they also evaluate the aesthetics of the descent, its quality, rhythm, access to the ski jumps, the speed of turns, as well as entering the track after jumping. When evaluating jumps, their complexity, amplitude, trajectory, execution and quality of landing are taken into account. 7 judges supervise the course. As a result, points are calculated for a certain forum. 50% of the final score is passing technique, jumping and speed - 25% each.
Description of the varieties of sport discipline.
Actually mogul is a subspecies of freestyle. However, mogul can be both single and double.
Existing international, European and state (Russia) federations, and other large (state) associations related to the described sport.
Freestyle Federation of Russia - promotes, popularizes and develops freestyle in Russia. Created in 1987.
International Federation ski types sports (FIS) - international organization, which oversees all types of skiing, including freestyle, was founded in 1924.
Major competitions in this species sports
Since 1992, freestyle has been included in the program of the Winter Olympic Games.
The Freestyle World Cup has been held annually since 1975. The stages of the World Cup are held in various countries: the USA, Croatia, Italy and many others.
Faces and personalities of the sport of the Russian Federation.
Sergei Shchupletsov, Russian freestyle legend, multiple winner of the Olympic Games and championships.
