What do yellow and red cards mean in football? Yellow and red cards in football: what do they mean and why are they given? What does a red card mean in football.

Here is the calm again big football, which means it's time to pull up the materiel. Anyway, the weather is not conducive to the usual summer activities. In this regard, I was rather lucky - I started reading a book for the soul, and it turned out to be stuffed useful information about how we all constantly stir up pennies, skipping crunchy bills. We try to see the meaning in everything and interpret any incoherent set of characters. This should be covered in more detail in the next issue of cognitive fallacies, and now a little about the removal from the field.

The yellow and red cards familiar to football players and fans “debuted” during the 1970 World Cup, and before that there were cases when, due to the language barrier, the player could not guess that the referee was asking him to leave the field. Only after the 1982 World Cup did yellow and red cards become mandatory attributes of a referee in everyone match.

Sometimes you can hear that the team in which the player was removed mobilizes and begins to play ten men more unitedly. Thanks to this, she allegedly spends the rest of the match more successfully than playing in full force. Well, first of all, it depends on who was removed. And secondly, if everything is so wonderful, then you can remove one more from the field. Why guess when you can analyze the experience of past games and quantify the benefits and harms of a red card.

Such studies have been carried out more than once. For example, the work published in the 24th issue Journal of Sports Science in 2006, on the basis of 743 Bundesliga matches between 1963 and 2004, revealed an obvious trend: the removal of a player or players in the team lowers her chances of winning, the team's game is in decline. The following data were used as primary material:

a. home game or away match for those serving a sentence;
b. time of showing the red card;
c. result of the meeting at the moment b;
d. subsequent goals after b;
e. time when subsequent goals were scored;
f. final result football match.

The data was then logically grouped. As you can see, more often the players of the team that plays on a foreign field receive a red card. What are the main results and conclusions?

Table 1. Frequency and percentage of red cards for hosts and guests

Finally, the researchers calculated the relationship between removal and final result using chi-square statistic(X 2), likelihood ratio and a couple more statistics:

Most red cards are handed out at the end of the game: out of 434 matches, 42.2% were in 70-90 minutes, 29.9% were in the 46-69 time interval, 21.2% were in the 24-45 interval, and only 6, 6% of them are earned in the first 24 minutes.
Exists statistically significant dependence between showing a red card and subsequent first goal against. The team that has a player sent off is more likely to get an own goal after the player is sent off the field.
Based on the score in the game until the moment of receiving the red card, the time of receipt, taking into account the parameter hosts/guests, you can quite successfully predict the outcome of the meeting: victory, draw or defeat of the team playing in the minority.
General conclusion: a red card negatively affects the game of the team in which the removal occurred.

The English Premier League was also not spared in research. Using the model logistic regression, using dummy variables for time intervals and for the factor hosts/guests, counted the games from the 1992/1993 season to the 2012/2013 season and checked: if a red card is shown at the beginning of the game, then the shorthanded team will score 1.5 goals less, and if in the middle of the game - 0.85 goals less, and if after the 60th minute - less than 0.62 goals. The opponent gets an advantage, scoring 64.5% more goals, playing the rest of the time in the majority. General conclusion: the cliche turned out to be false - it's easier to play against ten players than against a full team.

This knowledge will be useful to us during the game on live bets. To illustrate, let's take the recent Confederations Cup. Let's say that Mexico was expected to score 1.35 goals against the Russian team before the game. In the very first minutes of the match, the player of the Russian national team Yuri Zhirkov was removed from the field. The Mexicans got the advantage and the time to use it. In this case, a 64.5% increase in the expected number goals scored raised it to 2.22. This raised Mexico's chances of winning to 61.5%, lowering the first team's winning ratio to 1.62. For the Russian team, the chances of winning dropped to 18.7%, and the odds jumped to 5.34. The conversion of the average expected goals scored into probabilities and coefficients is again based on Poisson distributions.

There may be a spread in scores, which is related to whether the ball is evenly in the goal at different time intervals or there are distortions. If evenly, then it is necessary to count in one way, otherwise - in another way. There are arguments in favor of fewer goals scored at the beginning of the game and more goals at the end of the first half relative to total goals scored and conceded in all games. Also, different coefficients will be obtained if we discount the result of the team playing in the minority, or accrue 64.5% to the opponent. Here it is appropriate to recall the rule, in our case it will sound: count seven times and bet once.

Distance is one of the basic rules of football. This type of punishment refers to the 12th football law in the official rules of the game. Sending off, like all other football penalties, can only be imposed by the referee. The arbitrator, in turn, must always be guided by the official interpretations of game episodes. However, in applying this rule, like most others in football, there are a lot of nuances.

The removal is always accompanied by a red card, which the referee shows to the offending participant in the match. Although there was a time when referees expelled violators from the field verbally. The removed player is obliged to leave the field immediately. As a rule, the punished go to a room under the stands. However, another option is also possible: a removed player or coach (and the removal of a mentor is also possible - as a rule, according to the paragraph “offensive, offensive or obscene expressions and / or gestures”) takes a place on the podium.

Comments during the match happen to all or almost all coaches. In general, anyone who has ever stepped onto the field knows perfectly well what words the participants in a football match can express emotions to each other and the referees. Most often, referees endure until a certain point, because football is a very emotional game, but when they see that a person does not calm down or just goes too far, they reach into their pocket for a red card.

Removal entails additional punishment. The intruder not only leaves current match, but also automatically misses at least the next game of the championship, another tournament or the season as a whole. There are, however, exceptions. In Argentina, there is a rule: if one of the team players is called up to the national team (of any age category), then the remote player can play in the next calendar match. And the disqualification will leave later. The terms of disqualification may be changed by the decision of the governing body of the tournament. In Russia, such issues are considered by the Control and Disciplinary Committee. It is in his power to increase the period of suspension to five matches or cancel the red card if it turns out that the referee made a mistake. It all depends on the degree of guilt and the severity of the violation. After all, it is strange to equally punish a defender who reflexively stopped the ball flying into the goal with his hand, and a player who deliberately broke his opponent's leg.

It is believed that the removal is a very severe punishment that can radically change, “break” the course of the match. However, in reality, unlike hockey, the football majority does not always give a noticeable advantage. Moreover, there are many examples when the teams that remained in the minority started to play better and achieved success.

Players often ask their coaches for unscheduled vacations. But not all mentors go forward. The famous German striker Hansi Müller was not allowed to attend the wedding by the coach. Enterprising Muller came up with a very clever solution. In one of the matches of the German championship, he specifically ran into a red card. And then he entered into an impartial conversation with the referee in order to get an even longer disqualification. After that, Hansi packed his things, called his fiancee and began to prepare for the wedding.

One of the most famous removals happened in the final of the 06 World Cup. The main time of the match between the national teams of France and Italy ended in a draw -1:1. Additional time proceeded in equal and cautious struggle. Mentally, everyone was preparing for the penalty shootout. And then there was one of the most mysterious episodes in the history of football. Italian defender Marco Materazzi said something to the leader of the French national team Zinedine Zidane. The Frenchman turned around and butted the offender with his head. The referee of the meeting sent Zidane off, the French lost the World Cup in a penalty shoot-out, and no one knows for sure what Materazzi said, because the Italian, in collaboration with witty journalists, published the book “250 Variations of What I Said to Zidane.”

The "achievement" of the Russian referee Valentin Ivanov, who showed 16 yellow and four red cards in the 2006 World Cup match Holland - Portugal, is far from a record of all times and peoples. In the 70s of the 20th century, the games of the Mexican championship were served by a rather violent referee named Gonzalez. In one of the matches, Gonzalez, having removed five offenders in the two teams after a stormy trial, did not calm down and began to distribute cards to all the remaining players. When even the reserve players "ended", Gonzalez began to drive the coaches and administrative staff of both clubs off the field.

FIFA is preparing a revolutionary reform - the introduction of a temporary removal of a player. As conceived by the developers, in certain cases it will be possible to punish the violator with a ten-minute penalty-removal. Such a penalty is very similar to a hockey penalty - two minutes on the penalty box. The idea of the reformers is that a player who tries to gain an advantage by dishonest means should be removed from the field for 10 minutes. “Spectators want to watch football, and not actors, as in the theater,” the developers of the reform explain their position. At the same time, removal in the only existing form - until the end of the game - sometimes turns out to be too harsh a measure and “breaks” the game. Ten-minute removals, which exist, by the way, in bandy, will enable referees to more flexibly lead the match.

In football rules, the main refereeing attributes are cards - yellow and red. In this article about what they mean and why they give them to the players on the field.

Yellow and red cards

If you delve into the history of football, then such an attribute as cards did not appear immediately, but modern football is already unthinkable without these components. Cards in football, in essence, are signs that the referee shows to the players at the match for violating the rules of the game or unsportsmanlike behavior.

What is a yellow card for?

Yellow card means violation and is given to football players in the following cases:

For intentionally delaying playing time
For entering or leaving the game without the permission of the referee
For rough play on the field
Per simulation
For conversations and disputes with the referee of the match
For a hand that the referee considers intentional
For hitting before the whistle when taking free kicks or for hitting the ball after the whistle when play is stopped.
For demonstrating a naked torso during a goal celebration

If a player receives two yellow cards during the match, then he is removed from the field without the opportunity to continue further play. And also this player will not be able to play in the next match for the team due to disqualification.

Most tournaments and championships also have additional rules on the number of yellow cards received over several matches. For example, if a player has received 4 “yellow cards” (yellow cards) during several games, then he misses the next game.

What is a red card for?

In football, a red card means a sign of removal and is shown by the referee to a football player for a particularly gross violation on the field or very unsportsmanlike behavior. A football player who has received a red card has no right to continue the game and must leave the field. He also cannot be replaced and therefore the team remains in the minority.

Red card in football showing:

For a very rough game (tackling from behind, insulting an opponent, deliberately hitting an opponent);
For the "foul of last resort."

Also, a red card is shown after a player has received a second yellow card for a match, and also receives a suspension for the next match.

For the first time, the card system in football began to be used in 1970 at the World Cup. And the first player who received a yellow card was the player of the USSR national team Kakhi Asatiani.
The most yellow and red cards were shown in the 1/8 World Championship match between the national teams of Holland and Portugal by the Russian referee Valentin Ivanov. For the entire match, he showed 16 yellow cards and 4 red cards, and all were well-deserved.

And finally, a video in which you will see (if you haven’t seen) why the legendary football player Zinedine Zidane was given a red card in the World Cup final between Italy and France, and his last match in a career. Eh...

Yellow and red cards are an integral part of every football match. Small rectangular pieces of paper are in the pocket of the chief arbiter, who warns the players with them for various kinds of violations. After the referee showed the mustard plaster to the football player, he makes a note about this by drawing the number of the offending player on the card itself. In our time, it very rarely happens that the referee has not shown a single card for the entire match. It is possible to break and it is not always punishable, but when the referee clearly sees a foul, he will certainly react and punish the culprit accordingly.

The history of cards in football

At the 1962 World Cup, Englishman Ken Aston officiated the opening match between Chile and Switzerland. In that match, the referee worked well and FIFA put him to judge the game between Chile and Italy - two rivals between whom a fierce struggle could unleash in the football ring. The game was predictably emotional and rough, and in one of the episodes, Aston had to be removed from the field by the midfielder of the Azzurra Squadara Giorgio Ferrini, but due to the language barrier, the Italian did not understand the claims against him and refused to leave, after which he was taken off the field by the police.

At the 1966 World Cup, Ken Aston was put in charge of refereeing. This World Cup was also not without controversy. In the match England - Argentina, the German referee Rudolf Kreitlein removed the captain of the Latin American team Rattin from the site for a gross violation, but he, not even knowing the language of the referee, tried to find out the reason for his removal and the next day the newspapers wrote in full about the problems between the judges and players of different nationalities that do not understand each other. After that, Aston seriously thought about this problem and very soon found its ingenious solution.

While driving on the road in London, Aston had an epiphany, which he later explained as follows:

“When I was driving down High Street Kensigton, the traffic light was red. I thought: yellow - calm down, red - stop, you're expelled.

With this idea, the Briton, who previously worked as a teacher and knew the importance of communicating with those who were going to control, turned to FIFA. Aston proposed to introduce yellow and red cards in football and international organization approved the idea and already at the 1970 World Cup in Mexico, referees used cards to warn football players. Also at this World Cup, on the idea of Ken Aston, a reserve referee and a plate with the numbers of players who are going to replace were introduced.

What does a yellow card mean in football?

Referees award players with a yellow card for the following offences:

Unsportsmanlike behavior (for example, when a player celebrates a goal by taking off his shirt)
For disputes with the referee (a referee is needed on the field to decide who is right and who is wrong. Captains can ask the judge the reason for the card, but for disputes or overly rude comments, the referee has the right to award the player with a yellow card)
For delaying time (often, the players of the winning team like to play for time, for example, by long throwing the ball from the goal or out)
For a set of fouls (not all violations pull on a yellow card, minor crimes, the referee misses his eyes, but keeps count of them. If the same football player breaks the rules quite often, then the referee has the right to show him a yellow mustard plaster.
For entering or leaving the game without the permission of the referee (it happens that during the stoppage of the game, for example, when doctors are helping the injured, one of the players goes out of the field line (to drink some water). In no case should this be done, he must remain on the playing court, and if you are very thirsty, then they can give him a bottle of water from the bench. yellow card.
For non-observance of the distance to the ball (during a free kick or free kicks the defending team players must be 9 meters away from the ball. If the referee noticed that this rule is ignored, and the players who put up the wall try to get closer to the ball, then he has the right to punish with a card. True, in such cases, arbitrators often use verbal warnings.
For intentional handball (does not apply unless it is a foul of last resort)
For disrupting a dangerous attack
For hitting after the whistle (for example, when an offside was called and the player ignored the whistle and purposefully kicked the ball). Often in such cases, the players pretend that because of the noise of the stands they simply did not hear the sound of the whistle.

Why is a red card given in football?

The red card is shown for the grossest violation in football and means two things. First, the offender committed a serious foul or committed a serious gross misconduct. Secondly, the player who was shown a red mustard plaster will have to immediately leave the field. There are 5 main reasons for showing a player a red card:

Rough foul. In this case, the arbiter, at his discretion, may even with the help of VAR, determine how gross the violation was. This includes a tackle from behind, a tackle with two feet, a high leg during the tackle, a kick to the body, etc.
Violent actions. Any punches, kicks, attack on the opponent plain language fight is punishable by a red card.
Spitting and swearing. Such actions are almost always kicked off the field. This also includes racist slurs.
Foul of last resort. When an attacking player has an almost 100% chance of scoring a goal, and the opponent fouls on him, then such an episode is classified as a foul of last resort and is punished with a red card. This paragraph includes not only the deliberate desire of the defender to knock down the attacking player, but also the intentional use of the hands to hit the ball flying into the goal.
The second is yellow. In football getting second yellow card means that the player must retire from the field. Thus, if a player commits two violations of pulling on yellow mustard plasters, then after showing the second yellow, the referee shows the offender a red one.

Interesting fact! The record for the number of red cards in the World Cup belongs to the match of the 1/8 finals (World Cup 2006) Portugal - the Netherlands, which was served by Russian Valentin Ivanov and showed 16 yellow and 4 red cards.

Receipt of two yellow or direct red cards means a pass next game for a football player. In matches of the World Cup and other famous tournaments of the planet, if a player received a yellow card in one match and also a yellow one in the next, then he automatically receives a disqualification for the next match.

In matches English Premier League, Spanish La Liga and other championships, a direct red card can mean for a player a suspension not for one, but for several matches. It all depends on the type of violation, and the decision of the disciplinary committee or the relevant body.

Also in football, the referee has the right to remove not only players running on the field, but also substitutes, and even coaches.

There is also a green card in football

In 2016, the referee showed the first green card in the history of football. This happened in the Serie B Italian championship. A card of this color did not mean a punishment, but on the contrary, it was shown when a player did something good, for example, in a controversial situation, he admitted that the ball went out of bounds from him. The green card is like a symbol of fair play.

A second version of the green card designation was also recorded. At the CONFIFA tournament in London, the "Green Card" was also used for non-FIFA teams. It was used as a disciplinary measure, along with yellow and red cards, and meant that the player needed to leave the field immediately, but he could be replaced if the team did not use all the substitutions. Football players who received a green card were not suspended from next match of your team.

The most famous red card in football history

In the final of the 2006 World Cup, the teams of Italy and France met. Already in the 7th minute of the match, Marco Materazzi fouled in his penalty area and the referee awarded a penalty. The captain of the “tricolors” Zinedine Zidane cold-bloodedly performed a 11-meter kick, breaking through with a “panenka”. 1:0 in favor of France, but already in the 19th minute of the game, Marco Materazzi closes the canopy of Andrea Pirlo and equalizes the score.

With 10 minutes left in extra time and the penalty shoot-out approaching, Zidane and Materazzi were seen in a verbal altercation, after which the French No. 10 headbutted the Italian center back in the chest. The main referee did not notice this incident, but the fourth referee informed him of what had happened and he showed a direct red card to Zidane. It was a provocation and Materazzi later admitted it himself. In that dialogue, the Italian insulted his sister Zizu, who did not tolerate this and decided to punish Materazzi right on the field with a powerful headbutt.

Modern football cannot be imagined without yellow and red cards, as it is a very traumatic and tough sport. To date, there is not a single professional who has not earned at least one disqualification during his career. The reasons for the removal may be not only the rudeness of the player, but also a number of additional circumstances specified in the rules of UEFA and FIFA.
The history of the red card

For the first time, tangible indicators of a disciplinary nature were invented and proposed by the British arbitrator Ken Aston. For a long time, his initiative was ignored, but after the 1966 World Championship, the situation changed radically. During the quarter-finals of the Mundial between England and Argentina, the captain of the Latin American team, Antonio Rattin, played very roughly in a tackle against his opponent.

The match was judged by the German specialist Rudolf Kreitlyan, who could only speak his native language. The game was stopped for a few minutes because the referee could not explain to the Argentine that he had to leave the field. As a result, Ken Aston had to intervene in the conflict. This funny episode flew around all corners of the Earth in a matter of days, so the Football Federation of England, like international associations, there was no choice but to introduce a universal disciplinary sanction. red card in football The card itself became the prototype of a traffic light, where yellow means a warning, and red means the end of traffic. Soon, specific rules for the interpretation of rough episodes, for which players were threatened with removal, appeared in the FIFA competition regulations. Officially, the cards began to be used from the 1970 World Championship. The first who was "lucky" to receive a warning was the Soviet midfielder Kahi Asatiani.

Today, in a game like football, red cards are an integral part of the gameplay. According to statistics, removal occurs in every fifth official match.
Red for two yellow

According to FIFA rules, only the main judge. Cards of any color are allowed to be given both to players playing in the main team, and to substitutes and substitutes. Yellow means the first warning for a gross violation of the rules and are given for the following offenses:

Unsportsmanlike behavior (including rudeness);
- delaying the match;
- entering the field without the proper permission of the referee;
- disputes with the judiciary;
- systematic violations of the rules;
- Unauthorized departure to a room under the stands or to the bench without the consent of the referee;
- non-observance of the required distance from the ball during corner, free or free kicks, as well as when dropping outs. red card Two yellow cards automatically turn into a removal (red card). In football, the rules do not limit the period of suspension. The referee sends the player off for one match only. The final decision on the incident is given by the executive committee of the football federation, under whose jurisdiction the match was held.
straight red

Suspension offenses apply to players, coaches and all personnel who are named for the team for the current match and who are within the playing field (including the bench). In rare cases, referees are allowed to impose appropriate sanctions on club owners.

A direct red card in football can be given for excessive aggression and insults against an opponent or a referee, a serious violation of the rules, for obscene language and appropriate gestures. A separate item of disciplinary punishment is spitting. It doesn't matter who he was committed to, in any case, this is punishable by a red card and a long disqualification.

Also, a player can be sent off for deliberately depriving an opponent of the opportunity to score a goal. If the violation was made within its own penalty area, then it is additionally punished with a 11-meter kick. The rule applies to field players and the goalkeeper. red card in football rules A red card means the removal of a football player from the field and the entire territory adjacent to it (technical zone). Being disqualified, the player is obliged to go to the under-tribune room before the end of the match.
Consequences of red cards

The arbitrator has the right to remove a player for pushing an opponent from the moment the teams appear on the field during the warm-up until the end of the match. For such a foul (violation) put a red card and disqualification up to 3 matches. Similar sanctions are imposed on a player who attempts to inflict physical injury on officials.

Also, a red card in football is given for a go-ahead or hit by an opponent with any part of the body. Disqualification for such a violation can vary up to 4 games. For 5 matches, a football player is removed for a fight. However, in this case, the referee and official observers must pay attention to the participation of specific players in the disorder. If a football player defends himself or calms his colleagues, then he will go unpunished. If a player inflicts blows or other physical injuries on opponents, then he can be disqualified up to 10 matches. The instigator is removed for a period of 5 games.
Simulation

To obtain such an advantage as a numerical majority, football players often resort to deception. In computer games (for example, FIFA 14), red cards for simulation are not given, in reality the situation is much more complicated. statistics of red cards in footballMany football players entering a foreign penalty area, prefer not to hit on goal, but deliberately fall at the slightest touch with an opponent. Referees from the outside do not always see the episode in detail, so in half of the cases they mistakenly assign a penalty, sending the innocent ahead of schedule to the locker room.

Judges do not give direct red cards for such fraud, but simulant football players may well receive a second “yellow card”.
The fastest removals

In 1990, the footballer of Bologna, Italian Giuseppe Lorenzo, already in the 10th second, managed to earn a red card for hitting an opponent.

The fastest removal at the World Championships happened in 1986. Uruguayan midfielder José Batista demolished Scottish striker Strachan in a rough tackle in the 1st minute of the match.
football red cardsThe fastest red card in football after a substitution was given to Jamaican winger Walter Boyd in 2001. The islander did not even have time to enter the field when he hit an opponent in the face.
The most ridiculous deletions

All football fans stand apart from the red card received by the leader of the French team at the 2006 World Cup. In the final, Zinadine Zidane couldn't help but headbutt Italian defender Marco Materazzi in the chest. Throughout the match, the Frenchman was subjected to verbal provocations from the opponent, but as soon as the insults touched his family, Zidane gave vent to emotions. The referee of the meeting immediately showed the midfielder a red card, leaving the team without a captain. France lost that final to the Italians in a penalty shoot-out, in which Zidane was so lacking. fifa 14 red cards Another red card has also entered the history, it has not yet been found in football analogues. In 1998, during an English amateur league game between the Southampton Arms and Tarrant, forward Richard Curd did not give a pass to the main referee of the meeting, Melvin Sylvester, either pushing him in the back, then calling him names, then defiantly laughing in his face. Closer to the end of the match, the referee could not restrain himself and inflicted several punches on the provocateur, knocking the offender to the ground. After that, Sylvester took out a red card and showed it to himself, leaving the field.
Delete statistics

The roughest of the European TOP championships of the 2014/15 season at the moment is the Italian Serie A. In the first 3 months, 27 red cards were shown. Daniel Bonera (Milan) and Simone Padoin (Juventus) received the most (two each).

The most positive statistics of red cards in football for the current season in Russian Premier League. For 14 rounds there were only 8 deletions. In the 2013/14 season, Lassana Diarra from Lokomotiv became the rudest player in the Russian championship (3 red cards).