Length swimming pool 50 meters (long water), but more often 25 meters (short water), and swimming distances from 50 to 1500 meters. Therefore, swimmers have to perform turns at the pool wall many times. A technically correct turn allows you to continue moving along the distance with the rhythm and pace chosen before the turn, as well as save energy.

For the turning section of the distance is taken 7.5 m before and 7.5 m after the turning wall. The execution of the actual turn begins with immersing the head under water directly in front of the wall of the pool (crawl on the chest and on the back) or touching with the hands (dolphin, breaststroke) and continues until the start of the first cycle of normal swimming movements on the water surface after the turn.

Types of turns in swimming

In sports practice, there are several types of turns:

• rotations, which are mainly carried out in a horizontal plane around a vertical spatial axis.
  When performing such a rotation, the position of the body after the rotation is preserved, which was before the rotation. That is, if a swimmer swims up to the wall of the pool on his chest and rotates 180 degrees in the horizontal plane, then before the push he will also be in the position on his chest.
  Such turns are much easier, but more time is spent on their implementation.
• rotations, which are mainly carried out in a vertical plane around a horizontal spatial axis.
  When performing such a turn (rotation by 180 degrees in the vertical plane), if the swimmer swims up to the wall of the pool on his chest, he will then need to perform an additional rotation around his longitudinal axis in order to take a position on his chest.
  Professionals use mainly turns performed in a vertical plane. They are much more difficult, without prior training, such a turn cannot be performed. But turning in a vertical plane has a number of advantages. The main one is the ability to tightly group and reduce the moment of inertia to a minimum. The time it takes a swimmer to turn in the vertical plane (from the moment of touch to the push) is 0.6-0.8 seconds.

Also, turns can be divided into open and closed. If the breath is performed directly during rotation, then the rotation is called open. If the inhalation is done before the turn, and the rotation is done with holding the breath and exhaling, then such a turn is called closed.

The execution of a turn is conditionally divided into phases: swimming up to the wall and touching (or approaching), rotation, repulsion, sliding, the beginning of swimming movements and reaching the surface.

When swimming different styles apply different types turns (you can learn more about the technique for performing a particular turn by clicking on the link with its name in the table):

In complex swimming, moving from the dolphin method to the backstroke method and from the breaststroke method to the crawl method, turns are used that are similar in structure of movements to the "pendulum" type turn. When switching from the back method to the breaststroke method, a somersault can be used.

Simple (flat) closed turn in swimming

A characteristic feature of a simple closed turn: it is performed with the head submerged under water.

Consider the technique for performing a simple closed turn to the left when swimming on the front crawl:

• Swimming to the wall and touching: The swimmer calculates the movement in such a way that after inhaling to the right side, bring the right hand forward above the water, lower the head under the water and touch the palm of the right hand down with the palm of the right hand against the wall of the pool opposite the left shoulder at a depth of 15-20 cm. At the same time, the left hand makes a stroke. The right arm is bent at the elbow, the head sinks deeper into the water, the legs are vigorously bent and pulled up to the chest (while the pelvis is kept on the surface), the body is tilted with the shoulders down.
• Rotation: Leaning with the right hand on the wall, the swimmer rotates the body counterclockwise (to the left) by 180 °, creating an effort with both hands (the left hand that has finished the stroke turns its palm towards the wall and rows towards the wall). The feet of the bent legs are placed on the wall at a depth of 15-20 cm, at the same time the left hand is pulled forward, the right hand joins it, the head is clamped between the hands.

Simple closed turn in front crawl swimming

A closed turn is faster than an open turn. Such a turn, according to the technique described above, can be performed when swimming with a crawl on the chest. Also, a simple closed turn is suitable for sideways swimming. When swimming breaststroke, dolphin (butterfly) it is necessary to touch the wall with both hands at the same time.

A simple closed turn is one of the main ones when swimming on the back. Before the hand touches the swivel shield, the swimmer does not have the right to roll over onto his chest. The direction of rotation is determined by the hand that first touches the wall of the pool (that is, if the first touched right hand, then the rotation is performed to the right side and vice versa).

Consider briefly the technique for performing a simple closed turn to the left when swimming on the back:

• Swimming to the wall and touching: swimming to the wall of the pool, the swimmer takes a breath and touches it with his left palm, fingers down, at a shallow depth opposite the right shoulder.
• Rotation: The swimmer throws his head back under the water, bends his legs vigorously, holding the pelvis near the surface of the water, and swings them out of the water onto the wall through the left side. Then the left hand is repelled from the wall and, together with the right hand, is brought forward; feet are placed with their feet on the wall almost in the same place where the left hand just touched it. The head is placed between outstretched arms.

Simple open turn in swimming

A characteristic feature of a simple open turn: the head does not completely sink into the water during the turn, the cheek slides along the surface in the direction of the turn, and at this time the swimmer takes a breath. This is a simple turn, accessible to beginners.

Consider the technique for performing a simple open turn to the left when swimming on the front crawl:

• Swimming to the wall and touching: The swimmer swims to the wall with the right arm extended forward, and touches the wall near the surface of the water opposite the left shoulder with the palm of the hand. The right arm is bent at the elbow and shoulder joint, and the left hand, having finished the stroke, is located along the body. At this point, the legs begin to bend at the joints and exhalation is made.
• Rotation: Leaning against the wall with his right bent arm, the swimmer makes a raking movement with his left arm, for which he bends it in elbow joint and directs in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation to the midline of the body. At the same time, the legs continue to bend at the knees and hip joints, and the swimmer assumes a loose tuck position. At the moment when the swimmer turned to the left by about 90 °, continuing to lean against the wall with his right hand, he inhales, raising his head out of the water and turning it to the right. Continuing the rotation, the swimmer puts his feet on the wall at the same level with the body at a depth of 20-30 cm, lowers his head into the water. At the same time, the left hand is extended forward, the right hand joins it, the head is clamped between the hands, the chin to the chest.
• Take-off: A push-off from the wall is performed with increasing force by extending the legs at the hips, knees, and ankle joints.
• Gliding: occurs at a depth of 40-50 cm at a slight angle to the water surface. The depth of sliding can be adjusted by tilting the head and the position of the hands. The sliding length can reach 6m.
• Beginning of swimming movements and exit to the surface: When the speed of movement is equal to the speed of movement at a distance. The exit to the surface is carried out due to the movements of the legs and the stroke of the hand.

Simple open turn in front crawl swimming

A simple open turn, using the technique described above, can be performed while swimming on the front crawl. Also, a simple open turn is suitable when swimming on the side (touch the pool wall with the "upper" hand).

A simple open turn when swimming breaststroke, dolphin (butterfly) is slightly different in technique, since according to the rules it is necessary to touch the wall with both hands at the same time while swimming and at the same time maintain a horizontal position of the shoulders. Namely:

• Swimming to the wall and touching: After the swimmer has swum to the wall and touched it with both hands, he bends his legs at the knee joints, and his arms at the elbows, and the body approaches the wall.
• Rotation, repulsion, sliding: Rotation begins towards the side of the hand that the swimmer first releases from the wall. Further according to the described scheme.
• The beginning of swimming movements and exit to the surface: when swimming with a breaststroke, the first stroke is performed with the hands, allowing the swimmer to rise to the surface, and when swimming with a dolphin, the legs begin to move, changing the direction of sliding, then the hands are connected.

Simple open turn in breaststroke and dolphin swimming

Backstroke also performs a simple open turn. Before the hand touches the swivel shield, the swimmer does not have the right to roll over onto his chest. The direction of the turn is determined by the hand that first touches the wall of the pool (that is, if the right hand touches it first, then the turn is performed to the right side and vice versa).

Consider the technique for performing a simple open turn to the left when swimming on the back:

• Swimming to the wall and touching: The swimmer should touch the turning wall at the surface of the water with the left arm bent at the elbow and the palm turned to the left side of the turn. The other hand at this moment, having finished the stroke, is at the hip.
• Spin: The swimmer groups up by bending the legs strongly at the knees and hips and propelling them through the water through the left side towards the wall of the pool. The hands help rotate the body: the left hand strongly leans against the wall of the pool, and the right hand makes a rowing movement in the water. Continuing the rotation, the swimmer takes a breath, brings the right hand forward, removes the left supporting hand from the wall and brings it forward. The feet are placed on the wall parallel to each other at the width of the pelvis under the surface of the water. Hands join behind the head.
• Take-off: A strong push with the legs ends with an active movement in the ankle joints.
• Gliding: The body slides at a depth of 30-40 cm.
• Beginning of swimming movements and exit to the surface: Swimming movements of the arms and legs begin at the same time and provide rise to the surface.

Simple open turn in backstroke

swing the pendulum in a swim

A characteristic feature of the pendulum rotation: rotation in an inclined plane, during the rotation the swimmer takes a breath.

This turn is widely used in the practice of competitive swimming in front crawl, breaststroke, dolphin and sideways strokes.

Consider the technique for performing a pendulum turn to the left when swimming with a crawl on the chest:

• Swimming to the wall and touching: Approaching the wall of the pool, the swimmer turns to the right side and touches the wall with his right hand, placing the hand on the surface or slightly higher (up to 15 cm above the water surface). Further, the arm is bent at the elbow, and the body moves by inertia towards the wall. The legs begin to bend at the knees and hip joints.
• Rotation: performed in an inclined plane around the anterior-posterior axis of the body. The swimmer leans with his right hand against the wall, raises his head and shoulders out of the water. Strongly bent at the knees, the legs are pulled up to the wall. The left hand assists the rotation of the body by making raking movements. Then the right hand begins to straighten, a breath is taken. When the right arm is fully extended, the swimmer tears it off, puts his feet on the wall, and brings his left arm forward. The right hand, breaking away from the wall, sweeps forward over the water and connects with the left. By the end of this phase, the body is on the left side, bent legs stand on the wall, arms extended forward, the head is between the hands.
• Take-off: A strong push with the legs ends with a vigorous extension in the ankle joints. During the push, the swimmer turns around the longitudinal axis of the body in order to take a position on the chest. Repulsion is performed while holding the breath.
• Gliding: performed at a depth of 40-50 cm.
• Beginning of swimming movements and exit to the surface: When the speed of movement is equal to the speed of movement at a distance. The exit to the surface is carried out due to the movements of the legs and the stroke of the hand.

Turning the pendulum when swimming front crawl

When swimming in the breaststroke and dolphin (butterfly) methods, the swimmer, when making turns, must touch the pool wall with both hands at the same time, while maintaining a horizontal position of the shoulders.

• Swimming to the wall and touching: At the moment of touching the wall with the hands, the swimmer's body is horizontal, legs and arms are extended, the head is between the hands, the wall is touched with both hands. The swimmer groups up as above.
• Rotation: performed towards the arm that first breaks away from the wall.
• Takeoff and Glide: During the push, the swimmer is much faster than in the front crawl, moving to the front and gliding in that position.
• Initiation of swimming movements and exit to the surface: In breaststroke swimming, the first stroke is performed with the hands, allowing the swimmer to rise to the surface, and in dolphin swimming, the legs begin to move, changing the direction of sliding, then the hands are connected. The distance that the athlete overcomes after repulsion, by the time he reaches the surface of the water, is 4.2-5.4 m when swimming with a dolphin, and when swimming with a breaststroke - 4.8-6.4 m.

Pendulum swing for breaststroke and dolphin swimming (butterfly)

A pendulum-type turn can also be performed when swimming in the sideways way. In this case, the swimmer touches the pool wall bottom hand with the subsequent transition to the side during sliding, i.e. simply does not roll over on the chest.

Forward somersault with a turn (somersault) in swimming

A forward somersault with a turn, otherwise a somersault forward (somersault) or a turn without touching the pool wall with the hand, is the fastest, but also the most technically difficult turn. Most often, such a turn is used when swimming crawl for short distances.

A characteristic feature of the forward somersault: rotation is performed around the transverse (anterior-posterior) axis of the body in the vertical plane, and then the longitudinal axis of the body in the horizontal plane; turn is closed.

Consider the technique of performing a somersault forward without touching the wall of the pool with your hand when swimming in front crawl:

• Swimming to the wall and touching: Approximately 1.5 meters from the wall, the swimmer inhales and performs the first half of the stroke with the arm in front, the other arm is extended along the body.
• Rotation: Rotation in the vertical plane begins with a vigorous movement of the head down to the chest, simultaneously shoulder girdle moves down behind the hand that performs the second half of the stroke. The pelvis rises. Legs bent at the knees are thrown forward above the surface of the water and placed on the wall, hands help rotation.
• Repulsion: The arms are thrown forward in the direction of movement and repulsion takes place by energetic extension of the legs in a position on the back (since the athlete performed a half-turn in the vertical plane in the rotation phase).
• Sliding: During the slide, the athlete turns first on his side, then on his chest.
• Beginning of swimming movements and exit to the surface: When the speed of movement is equal to the speed of movement at a distance. The exit to the surface is carried out due to the movements of the legs and the stroke of the hand.

Turn somersault forward (somersault) without touching the wall with the hand when swimming crawl on the chest

There is a variant of the technique of performing a somersault when the swimmer touches the pool wall at a depth of 50-60 cm from the surface of the water. Also, with this version of the technique, in the rotation phase, the swimmer rotates first around the horizontal axis of the body, and then around the longitudinal axis of the body in such a way that by the end of this combined rotation he is on his chest or side, and then put his feet on the wall of the pool. Then there is a repulsion and sliding, during which the athlete, if necessary, performs a "advance" in the horizontal plane in order to take the position necessary for swimming on the chest (when swimming in a crawl) or on the side (when swimming in a sideways way).

Tumbling forward with touching the wall when swimming front crawl

A forward somersault with a turn according to the above described techniques is used when swimming in a crawl on the chest and in the way on the side.

Highly skilled swimmers can use the forward somersault without touching the pool wall when swimming backstroke. The rotation technique has some differences:

• Swimming: Swimming on his back to the wall of the pool, the athlete completes the stroke with one arm and leaves it extended at the hip. Then he performs a vigorous long stroke with the other hand to the hip and at the same time turns on his side towards this hand and immediately to the chest.
• Rotation: The head plunges sharply down to the chest, the body bends, a forward somersault is performed, the feet are placed on the wall of the pool, the arms are thrown forward, similar to the turn in freestyle swimming.
• Repulsion; vigorous leg extension in the supine position.
• Initiation of swimming movements and exit to the surface: swimming movements of the arms and legs begin at the same time and provide rise to the surface.

Somersault forward (somersault) when swimming crawl on the back

When swimming on the back, open and closed turns are used. In accordance with the requirements of the rules of the competition, the swimmer, when performing turns, must be in a position on his back until the hand touches the wall of the pool, and after separating the legs from it. The simplest turn is open, in the technique of which the following elements can be distinguished.

Swimming to the wall of the pool. Touching the wall can be done with the right or left hand. When turning to the right, the left hand touches; when turning to the left, the right. When turning to the right side, the left hand, moving through the air behind the head to the right, is superimposed on the rotary shield slightly below the water level (Fig. 29).

Rotation (turn). Simultaneously with the hand touching the wall of the pool, the legs bend, pulling their knees to the chest, and move in grouping through the side so that knee joints emerged from the water. With the head and shoulders, a quick movement is made to the right side, and a stroke is made to the body with the free hand. Thanks to these movements, the body quickly turns 180 °. In the second half of the rotation, the supporting (left) hand is removed from the wall and moves forward under the surface of the water, at which point an inhalation is performed. After a 180° turn, the bent legs rest with their feet against the pool wall at a depth of 20–25 cm from the water surface and at a distance of 15–20 cm from one another, the arms are extended forward, the palms are joined, the head and torso are straightened.

Push. After the legs are placed with their feet on the wall of the pool, an energetic push is produced due to accelerated extension in the hip, knee and ankle joints.

Gliding and exit to the surface. While sliding, the legs and arms are extended, the stomach is tucked up. This gives the body a more streamlined shape and increases the length and speed of movement. Gliding is performed at a depth of about 30-40 cm for a distance of 3-5 m. With a decrease in the speed of advance, the legs are included in the work, and then the hands. With the first stroke of the right or left hand, the body is brought to the surface of the water. Currently, the swimmer is allowed to turn on his chest before turning and make a stroke with one or both hands simultaneously to enter the turn. After the rollover from the back to the chest, it is forbidden to make kicks or strokes with the hands that are not related to the continuous execution of the turn. The swimmer must return to the back position before pushing off the wall. When performing a turn, it is necessary to touch the wall with any part of the body.

General characteristics. Swimming competitions are held in pools with a length of 25 or 50 meters, so athletes have to perform one or more turns while swimming the distance. All turns, regardless of the method of swimming, are divided into: open and closed (according to the moment of inhalation during rotation); simple and complex (according to the number of axes involved during rotation). When analyzing the turning technique, it is customary to distinguish the following phases:

Swimming;

Touch (entry into rotation) and rotation;

Slip;

The first swimming movements and exit to the surface of the water.

When swimming with a crawl on the chest, there are different options for turning: simple open, simple closed (used in primary education swimming), a “pendulum” turn, a somersault forward (the so-called “somersault” turn, it is used by well-trained athletes). When performing a turn, the phases (sliding, first swimming movements and exit to the surface of the water) are similar to the phases when performing a starting jump. Simple open and closed turns. Swimming up to the wall of the pool and not slowing down, the swimmer touches it with his arm slightly bent at the elbow at the level of the opposite shoulder. Then he bends his legs (groups) and begins rotation in the horizontal plane. Hands help rotation: one pushes off the wall, the other performs rowing movements.

If during the rotation the head is above the surface of the water and the swimmer takes a breath, then this is an open turn. If the swimmer's head is lowered into the water during the spin, it is a closed turn. The rotation is completed by placing the feet on the wall of the pool. Then the hand that leaned against the wall breaks away from it and goes forward above the water, and the head and shoulder girdle are immersed in the water. The arms are stretched forward, the hands are connected, the head is between the hands - the swimmer pushes off with his feet from the wall of the pool and slides under water into horizontal position. The subsequent exit to the surface of the water is carried out due to the movements of the legs and the stroke of the hand (similar to the starting jump).

Turn "Pendulum". When swimming in a crawl, an athlete touches the pool wall with one hand (when swimming in a breaststroke or dolphin - with both hands at the same time), at the same level or close to the surface of the water. Then he bends his arm at the elbow joint and finds himself in a position partially on his side. The legs are bent at the hip and knee joints, and the “pendulum” rotation begins in the lateral plane (the swimmer, as it were, rolls over from one side to the other), helping with a rowing movement with one hand and pushing off the wall with the other. The shoulder girdle and head at this time move above the surface of the water, the swimmer takes a breath. Then he rips off his hand and carries it over the water. The rotation ends with the feet on the wall of the pool, the swimmer is completely immersed in the water, finding himself again in a position on his side. The arms are extended upwards, the head between the arms, the swimmer pushes off the wall with his feet. During the repulsion, a turn takes place on the chest, the swimmer stretches out and, after a short sliding, makes the first swimming movements.

Somersault forward. For qualified athletes, this is the main turn in freestyle swimming (front crawl). The touchdown phase in difficult closed corners is usually replaced by an entry phase. Swimming to the swivel shield, the athlete finishes the stroke with one hand (leaves it at the hip), then with the other hand. Simultaneously with the kick with the foot (feet) down and the end of the stroke with the hand, the head abruptly plunges under the water, rotation begins (forward-down and slightly to the side). The upper part of the body goes under the water, the outstretched legs move along the surface of the water to the wall, the arms are extended in the opposite direction from the wall. After that, the swimmer vigorously bends his legs at the hip joints, trying to touch his knees with his forehead. Then the pelvis behind the body goes under water, the legs are bent at the knee joints and are put on the wall with acceleration. At the moment of placing the feet on the wall, the athlete is in a position on his side, his arms are directed upwards. Immediately, kicking off the wall with legs begins with simultaneous stretching of the body in the forward direction and turning it into a position on the chest.

Backstroke swimmers most often use a simple open turn. In the supine position, the swimmer touches the wall of the pool with his hand at the level of the opposite shoulder. Then he bends his legs (groups) and begins rotation in the horizontal plane. The swimmer's head is above the surface of the water, a breath is taken. Hands help rotation. The phase ends with placing the feet on the wall of the pool. Then the swimmer plunges the shoulder girdle and head into the water, at the same time stretching the arms up under the water and starting the repulsion. This is followed by sliding under water on the back, followed by an exit to the surface of the water due to the movement of the legs and the stroke of the hand.

The most commonly used turn in sports swimming in the pool is to turn the way "pendulum". It can be divided into three parts, this is a swim and touch the side, a turn at the side and a push, and exit to the surface.

We will analyze the method of swimming breaststroke turn with an exit. Touching the side should be carried out with two hands at the same time, at the same height, both hands should appear out of the water. It is most convenient to make a turn with the arms spread apart at the width of the palm, slightly narrower than the width of the shoulders.

After touching, a push is carried out as quickly as possible, if you make a turn under your left hand, push with your left palm and put it into the water, towards you and slightly down. The left shoulder immediately goes under the water, along with this, the body unfolds and the right hand is laid aside.

Simultaneously with the push with the left palm,

intensive pulling of the hips to the stomach, grouping, turning in the water and placing both legs on the wall of the pool. After the push, the hand is taken under water and extended in the direction of further movement. The head at this moment takes a short intense breath and immediately hides under the water after the hand. When the legs are on the side, the right hand is pushed and it moves along a different trajectory. The hand covers the head and the body of the swimmer moving through the top, connecting with the left hand, so the swimmer finds himself settled on the side of the pool with his arms extended above his head, this is a similar position for pushing. Next, a powerful push is carried out with both legs.

It is important to qualitatively put the feet on the side so that they do not slip, and so that there is an opportunity to make a powerful repulsion. After that, the swimmer freezes in the water in a sliding position, arms extended above the head, the head is hidden between the hands. The back and buttocks are in good shape, the legs, knees and heels are together, the toes are pulled back. How longer distance swimmer, the longer the glide.

Next comes the exit to the surface of the water. The first movement of the hand is read. As well as in swimming, breaststroke along the distance begins the movement of the arms with the spread of the hands to the sides. After that, the hands go down, and then a full stroke is made with the hands to the hips, while the shoulders roll over the wave that the hands create.

Simultaneously with the movement of the arms, a dolphin-like movement of the legs is performed. When the hands move past the shoulders, it is allowed to make a whipping blow with both feet. After that, the swimmer glides with his head stretched forward, arms pressed to the body. The body occupies the most streamlined position.

Do not lift your head, pull the crown forward, you can round upper part back, thus you will improve your streamlining. Be sure to keep your feet together, toes pulled out. After that, the arms are pulled to the chest along the body. Try to make this movement invisible.

Creating as little drag as possible. Keep your elbows together as you bring your arms past your head. Simultaneously with pulling up the arms, pulling up the legs, spreading the feet and pushing the legs with a breaststroke is performed, at this very moment the swimmer leaves the surface of the water in order to make the second cycle of movements and then floats on the surface.

The length of the swimming pool is 50 meters (long water), but more often 25 meters (short water), and the swimming distances are from 50 to 1500 meters. Therefore, swimmers have to perform turns at the pool wall many times. Technically correct turn allows you to continue moving along the distance with the rhythm and pace selected before the turn, as well as save energy.

For the turning section of the distance is taken 7.5 m before and 7.5 m after the turning wall. The execution of the actual turn begins with immersing the head under water directly in front of the wall of the pool (crawl on the chest and on the back) or touching with the hands (dolphin, breaststroke) and continues until the start of the first cycle of normal swimming movements on the water surface after the turn.

Types of turns in swimming

In sports practice, there are several types of turns:

• rotations, which are mainly carried out in a horizontal plane around a vertical spatial axis.
  When performing such a rotation, the position of the body after the rotation is preserved, which was before the rotation. That is, if a swimmer swims up to the wall of the pool on his chest and rotates 180 degrees in the horizontal plane, then before the push he will also be in the position on his chest.
  Such turns are much easier, but more time is spent on their implementation.
• rotations, which are mainly carried out in a vertical plane around a horizontal spatial axis.
  When performing such a turn (rotation by 180 degrees in the vertical plane), if the swimmer swims up to the wall of the pool on his chest, he will then need to perform an additional rotation around his longitudinal axis in order to take a position on his chest.
  Professionals use mainly turns performed in a vertical plane. They are much more difficult, without prior training, such a turn cannot be performed. But turning in a vertical plane has a number of advantages. The main one is the ability to tightly group and reduce the moment of inertia to a minimum. The time it takes a swimmer to turn in the vertical plane (from the moment of touch to the push) is 0.6-0.8 seconds.

Also turns can be divided into open and closed. If the breath is performed directly during rotation, then the rotation is called open. If the inhalation is done before the turn, and the rotation is done with holding the breath and exhaling, then such a turn is called closed.

Turning is conditionally divided into phases: swimming up to the wall and touching (or approaching), rotation, repulsion, sliding, beginning of swimming movements and exit to the surface.

When swimming in different styles, apply different types of turns(you can learn more about the technique for performing a particular turn by clicking on the link with its name in the table):

Type of turn	Swimming style
	Crawl on the chest, front crawl on the back, breaststroke on the chest, dolphin (butterfly), side method