Violation of Article 6 of the Water Code. Water Code of the Russian Federation
Article 11 water body for use
1. On the basis of water use agreements, unless otherwise provided by parts 2 and 3 of this article, water objects that are in federal ownership, the property of subjects Russian Federation, property municipalities are available for use for:
1) intake (withdrawal) of water resources from surface water bodies;
2) use of the water area of water bodies, including for recreational purposes;
3) the use of water bodies without the withdrawal (withdrawal) of water resources for the purposes of generating electrical energy.
2. On the basis of decisions on granting water bodies for use, unless otherwise provided by part 3 of this article, water bodies that are in federal ownership, the property of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the property of municipalities, are provided for use for:
1) ensuring the defense of the country and the security of the state;
2) reset Wastewater and/or drainage water;
3) construction of berths, ship-lifting and ship-repair facilities;
4) creation of stationary and (or) floating platforms, artificial islands on lands covered with surface waters;
5) construction of hydraulic structures, bridges, as well as underwater and underground passages, pipelines, underwater communication lines, other linear objects, if such construction is associated with a change in the bottom and banks of water bodies;
6) exploration and production of minerals;
7) carrying out dredging, blasting, drilling and other works related to changing the bottom and banks of water bodies;
8) lifting sunken ships;
9) alloy wood in rafts and with the use of wallets;
10) withdrawal (withdrawal) of water resources for irrigation of agricultural land (including meadows and pastures);
11) organized recreation for children, as well as organized recreation for veterans, elderly citizens, and disabled people.
3. It is not required to conclude a water use agreement or make a decision on granting a water body for use if the water body is used for:
1) navigation (including maritime navigation), navigation of small size vessels;
2) single takeoff, single landing of aircraft;
3) abstraction (withdrawal) from an underground water body of water resources, including water resources containing minerals and (or) being natural healing resources, as well as thermal waters;
4) intake (withdrawal) of water resources in order to ensure fire safety, as well as to prevent emergency situations and eliminate their consequences;
5) intake (withdrawal) of water resources for sanitary, ecological and (or) navigable releases (discharges of water);
6) intake (withdrawal) of water resources by ships in order to ensure the operation of ship mechanisms, devices and technical means;
7) reproduction and acclimatization of aquatic biological resources;
8) conducting state monitoring of water bodies and other natural resources;
9) conducting a geological study, as well as geophysical, geodetic, cartographic, topographic, hydrographic, diving works;
10) fishing, commercial fish farming, hunting;
11) implementation of traditional nature management in places of traditional residence of indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East of the Russian Federation;
12) sanitary, quarantine and other control;
13) environmental protection, including water bodies;
14) scientific, educational purposes;
15) exploration and extraction of minerals, construction of pipelines, roads and power transmission lines in swamps, with the exception of swamps classified as wetlands, as well as swamps located in floodplains of rivers;
16) watering garden, garden, country plots, maintaining a personal subsidiary farm, as well as a watering place, carrying out work to care for farm animals;
17) bathing and meeting other personal and domestic needs of citizens in accordance with Article 6 of this Code;
18) carrying out dredging and other works in the water area of the sea or river port, as well as works on the maintenance of internal waterways Russian Federation;
19) creation of artificial land plots.
4. The provision of water bodies that are in federal ownership, the property of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the property of municipalities, or parts of such water bodies for use on the basis of water use agreements or decisions on the provision of water bodies for use is carried out, respectively, by the executive bodies of state power and local governments in within their powers in accordance with Articles 24 - 27 of this Code.
Article 12. Water use agreement
1. Under a water use agreement, one party - an executive body of state power or a local self-government body, provided for by paragraph 4 of Article 11 of this Code, undertakes to provide the other party - a water user with a water object or part of it for use for a fee.
2. The provisions on lease provided for by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation shall apply to the water use agreement, unless otherwise established by this Code and does not contradict the essence of the water use agreement.
3. A water use agreement is recognized as concluded from the moment of its state registration in the state water register.
Article 13. Content of the water use agreement
1. The water use agreement must contain:
1) information about the water body, including a description of the boundaries of the water body, its parts, within which water use is supposed to be carried out;
2) the purpose, types and conditions for the use of a water body or part thereof (including the volume of allowable withdrawal (withdrawal) of water resources) in the cases provided for by paragraph 1 of Article 11 of this Code;
3) the term of the water use agreement;
4) the amount of payment for the use of a water body or part thereof, the conditions and terms for making this payment;
5) the procedure for terminating the use of a water body or part thereof;
6) responsibility of the parties to the water use agreement for violation of its terms.
2. The water use agreement, along with the conditions specified in part 1 of this article, may contain other conditions by agreement of the parties to this agreement.
3. Materials in graphical form are attached to the water use agreement (including the layout of hydraulic and other structures located on the water body, as well as zones with special conditions for their use) and an explanatory note to them.
Article 14. Term of the water use agreement
1. The deadline for granting water bodies for use on the basis of a water use agreement cannot be more than twenty years.
2. A water use agreement concluded for a period exceeding the period established by part 1 of this article shall be considered concluded for a period equal to the deadline for the water use agreement.
Article 15. Priority right of a water user to conclude a water use agreement for a new term
1. A water user that duly performed its obligations under a water use agreement, after the expiration of the water use agreement, has a priority right over other persons to conclude a water use agreement for a new term, except for the case if the water use agreement was concluded as a result of an auction. The water user is obliged to notify in writing the executive body of state power or the local self-government body, provided for in paragraph 4 of Article 11 of this Code, of the desire to conclude a water use agreement for a new term no later than three months before the expiration of this agreement.
2. When concluding a water use agreement for a new term, the terms of the agreement may be changed by agreement of the parties to this agreement.
3. In the event that the water user received from the executive body of state power or local government, provided for in paragraph 4 of Article 11 of this Code, a refusal to conclude a water use agreement for a new period, but within a year from the date of expiration of the water use agreement, such an agreement was concluded with another person, the water user, at his choice, has the right to demand in court the transfer of rights and obligations under the concluded water use agreement and compensation for losses caused by the refusal to renew the water use agreement with him, or only compensation for such losses.
Article 16. Conclusion of a water use agreement
1. A water use agreement is concluded in accordance with civil law, unless otherwise provided by this Code.
2. A water use agreement regarding the use of the water area of a water body, including for recreational purposes, is concluded based on the results of an auction in cases established by the Government of the Russian Federation, and also if there are several applicants for the right to conclude such an agreement.
3. The procedure for preparing and concluding a water use agreement regarding a water body that is in state or municipal ownership, the form of an exemplary water use agreement and the procedure for holding an auction for the right to conclude a water use agreement are approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
4. When concluding a water use agreement based on the results of the auction, it is not allowed to change the conditions of the auction on the basis of an agreement between the parties to this agreement or unilaterally.
5. The notice of the auction is posted on the official website of the Russian Federation in the information and telecommunications network "Internet" to post information about the auction, determined by the Government of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the official website on the Internet). Prior to the determination by the Government of the Russian Federation of the official website on the Internet, a notice of the auction is posted on the official website of the auction organizer on the information and telecommunication network "Internet" and published by him in a periodical, determined accordingly by the Government of the Russian Federation, the highest executive body of state power of the subject Russian Federation, head of the municipality. Information about the auction should be available for review to all interested parties without charging a fee.
6. It is not allowed to conclude a water use agreement based on the results of the auction or if the auction is declared invalid, earlier than ten days from the date of posting information about the results of the auction on the official website on the Internet.
Article 17. Change and termination of the water use agreement
Change and termination of the water use agreement are carried out in accordance with civil law.
Article 18. Responsibility of the parties to the water use agreement
1. The parties to the water use agreement shall be liable for non-performance or improper performance of their obligations under the water use agreement in accordance with civil law.
2. Untimely payment by a water user of a fee for the use of a water body entails the payment of penalties in the amount of one hundred and fiftieth of the refinancing rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation in force on the day of payment of penalties, but not more than two tenths of a percent for each day of delay. The fine is accrued for each calendar day of delay in fulfilling the obligation to pay the water user fee for the use of the water body, starting from the day following the day specified in the water use contract for paying the fee for the use of the water body.
3. For the withdrawal (withdrawal) of water resources in an amount exceeding the volume of withdrawal (withdrawal) of water resources established by the water use agreement, the water user is obliged to pay a fine for such an excess in the amount of five times the fee for the use of a water body.
Article 19. Transfer of rights and obligations under a water use agreement to another person
1. The water user, with the consent of the executive body of state power or local government, provided for in paragraph 4 of Article 11 of this Code, has the right to transfer his rights and obligations under the water use agreement to another person, with the exception of the rights and obligations under the water use agreement in terms of the withdrawal (withdrawal) of water resources from surface water bodies for the purposes of drinking and household water supply. The transfer of rights and obligations under a water use agreement to another person is carried out in accordance with civil law.
2. The application of the water user to give consent to the transfer of rights and obligations under the water use agreement to another person must be considered by the executive body of state power or local government, provided for in paragraph 4 of Article 11 of this Code, no later than thirty days from the date of receipt of such an application.
3. The refusal of the executive body of state power or the body of local self-government, provided for by paragraph 4 of Article 11 of this Code, to give consent to the transfer of rights and obligations under a water use agreement to another person may be appealed in court.
4. The rights and obligations under the water use agreement are considered transferred after registration in the state water register.
Article 20. Payment for the use of a water body
1. A water use agreement provides for payment for the use of a water body or part of it.
2. Payment for the use of water bodies is established on the basis of the following principles:
1) stimulation of the economical use of water resources, as well as the protection of water bodies;
2) differentiation of payment rates for the use of water bodies depending on the river basin;
3) uniformity of receipt of payment for the use of water bodies during the calendar year.
3. The rates of payment for the use of water bodies owned by the federal government, the property of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the property of municipalities, the procedure for calculating and collecting such a fee shall be established by the Government of the Russian Federation, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and local governments, respectively.
Article 21
1. The provision of a federally owned water body for use to ensure the defense of the country and the security of the state is carried out on the basis of a decision of the Government of the Russian Federation.
2. In other cases, except for the cases provided for by part 1 of this article, the provision of water bodies for use is carried out on the basis of decisions of the executive bodies of state power or local self-government bodies provided for by part 4 of article 11 of this Code.
Article 22. Content of the decision to grant a water body for use
1. The decision to grant a water body for use must contain:
1) information about the water user;
2) the purpose, types and conditions for the use of a water body or part thereof (including the volume of allowable withdrawal (withdrawal) of water resources) in the cases provided for by paragraph 2 of Article 11 of this Code;
3) information about the water body, including a description of the boundaries of the water body, its parts, within which water use is supposed to be carried out;
4) term of water use.
2. The decision to grant a water body for use shall be accompanied by materials in graphical form (including the layout of hydraulic and other structures located on the water body, as well as zones with special conditions for their use) and an explanatory note to them.
3. The decision to grant a water body for use for the purpose of discharging wastewater and (or) drainage water must additionally contain:
1) indication of the place of discharge of waste water and (or) drainage water;
2) the volume of permissible wastewater and (or) drainage water discharges;
3) requirements for the quality of water in water bodies in places of discharge of waste water and (or) drainage water.
Article 23
1. An individual, a legal entity interested in obtaining a water body or a part thereof, which is in federal ownership, the property of a subject of the Russian Federation, the property of a municipal formation, for use in the cases provided for by Part 2 of Article 11 of this Code, shall apply to the executive body of state power or a local self-government body, provided for by paragraph 4 of Article 11 of this Code, with an application for the provision of such a water body or such part of it for use, substantiating the purpose, type and term of water use.
2. Within thirty days from the date of receipt of an application for the provision of a water body or part thereof, which is in federal ownership, the property of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the property of a municipal formation, for use by an executive body of state power or a local self-government body, provided for by Part 4 of Article 11 of this Code , makes a decision to provide such a water body or such part of it for use or refuses to provide such a water body or such part of it for use.
3. In the event of a refusal to provide a water body or part of it, which is in federal ownership, the property of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, the property of a municipal formation, for use, the executive body of state power or local government, provided for by Part 4 of Article 11 of this Code, shall send a reasoned refusal to the applicant .
4. Refusal to provide a water body or its part in accordance with part 1 of this article for use may be appealed in court.
5. The decision to provide a water body or part of it in accordance with part 1 of this article for use shall enter into force from the moment of registration of this decision in the state water register.
6. The procedure for preparing and making a decision on granting a water body for use is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.
[Water Code of the Russian Federation] [Chapter 1] [Article 6]
1. Surface water bodies that are in state or municipal ownership are water bodies for general use, that is, public water bodies, unless otherwise provided by this Code.
2. Every citizen has the right to have access to public water bodies and use them free of charge for personal and household needs, unless otherwise provided by this Code, other federal laws.
3. The use of public water bodies is carried out in accordance with the rules for protecting the life of people at water bodies, approved in the manner determined by the authorized federal executive body, as well as based on the rules established by local governments for the use of water bodies for personal and domestic needs.
4. At public water bodies, the intake (withdrawal) of water resources for the purposes of drinking and domestic water supply, bathing, the use of small boats, jet skis and other technical means intended for recreation at water bodies, watering places may be prohibited, as well as established other prohibitions in cases stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
5. Information on the limitation of water use at public water bodies is provided to citizens by local governments through the media and through special information signs installed along the banks of water bodies. Other means of providing such information may also be used.
6. A strip of land along the shoreline of a public water body (foreshore) is intended for public use. The width of the coastline of public water bodies is twenty meters, with the exception of the coastline of canals, as well as rivers and streams, the length of which from source to mouth is not more than ten kilometers. The width of the coastal strip of canals, as well as rivers and streams, the length of which from the source to the mouth is not more than ten kilometers, is five meters.
7. The coastline of swamps, glaciers, snowfields, natural outlets of groundwater (springs, geysers) and other water bodies provided for by federal laws is not determined.
8. Every citizen has the right to use (without the use of motor vehicles) the coastline of public water bodies for movement and stay near them, including for recreational and sport fishing and mooring of floating facilities.
1 comment on the entry “Article 6 Water Code of the Russian Federation. Public water objects”
Article 6. Water objects of general use
Commentary on Article 6
1. general review articles. It consists of eight parts, in which the most important rules concerning the legal status of public water bodies, the rights of citizens and their restrictions. So, in part 1 three legally significant circumstances are defined:
1) form of ownership of surface water bodies of general use (they are in state or municipal ownership);
2) general availability;
3) legal grounds for imposing restrictions on access to public water bodies; such may be established by the RF VK.
The second part enshrines the right of everyone to access public water bodies, the freeness of such a right under conditions consisting in a targeted restriction only for personal and domestic needs, on the one hand, and on the other, in the possibility of establishing a ban on the exercise of this right as the RF VC and other federal laws. The third part defines the range of normative legal acts regulating the use of public water bodies, and the fourth part defines the list of prohibitions (their list is open) and the subjects of their establishment.
The fifth part is devoted to information support. Here are installed:
a) the obligation of local governments to provide information;
b) its content - information about the restrictions on water use at public water bodies;
c) means (methods) of information transfer (their list is open);
d) recipients of information.
The final parts of the commented article are devoted to special subject legal regulation - the coastal strip of public water bodies. The sixth part regulates the legal status, purposes of use and the procedure for establishing the coastline of a public water body, and the seventh specifies water bodies for which the coastline is not determined. Finally, in part eight, everyone's right to use the coastal strip and the conditions for its implementation are fixed.
2. Aims, scope and addressees of the article. It is intended to regulate the rights of citizens to use public water bodies, their coastline, that is, to ensure their personal and domestic needs. The article also serves the purpose of streamlining behavior in the field of information support and legal regulation in the use of public water bodies, including by establishing specific permissions (see part 8) or the possibility of introducing prohibitions (see part 4).
The significance of the commented article, therefore, is manifested in the further development of the classical institution of public easement. This legal concept is reflected in Article 43 of the Water Code of the Russian Federation of 1995, according to which everyone can use public water facilities and other water facilities, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation (public water easement).
The scope of the norms of the commented article on a territorial basis extends to the territory of the Russian Federation, where public water bodies are located, and to the behavior of subjects of law, which consists in their use and protection. The requirements contained in Article 6 of the RF CC are implemented by the widest range of subjects: they apply to everyone who uses (wants to use) for personal and domestic needs, including the provision of drinking water, recreation, irrigation of garden, garden, summer cottage land, bathing , recreational fishing, etc., public water bodies and their coastlines.
A special group of addressees are the subjects of lawmaking: the Government of the Russian Federation, local governments authorized to adopt by-laws and regulations (see Part 3), subjects of information support of local governments, the media. The provisions of the commented article are also intended for the subjects of control and supervision over the use and protection of water bodies, observance of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens.
3. Basic concepts. The article is saturated with special terminology that characterizes both the content of the activity (“use”, “withdrawal”, “water withdrawal”), and what it is aimed at (“public water body”, “public water body”, “coastal strip” etc.), or means of use (“small boats”, “jet skis”, etc.)
3.1. The content of the concept of “public water bodies. It is revealed with the help of a number of legally significant criteria.
The first of them consists in the title of ownership: only those water objects that are in state or municipal ownership can be recognized as public (water objects of common use). State property is federal property (see part 1, article 8 of the RF VC) and constituent entities of the Russian Federation (see part 2, article 8), municipal property is that which belongs to the municipality.
The second criterion comes from the classification of water bodies (surface and underground). Only surface water bodies and their types (rivers, streams, flooded quarries, etc.) are recognized as public water bodies. It follows from this that any surface water bodies, the types of which are listed in Part 2 of Art. 5 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, if, according to their natural characteristics, they are suitable for use by citizens in order to meet their personal and domestic needs.
The guarantee of public accessibility is the free use of public water bodies established by part 2 of the commented article.
Public accessibility means that the realization of the right of everyone to use public water bodies is not associated with any preliminary legally significant actions - obtaining permission to draw up an agreement, registration, etc.
3.2. Other concepts.
Small size ships under the legislation of the Russian Federation - either a ship with a gross tonnage of less than 80 registered tons, a passenger capacity of up to 12 people inclusive, with main engines with a power of up to 55 kW (75 hp) or with outboard motors; or a rowing boat with a carrying capacity of more than 100 kg; or a kayak with a carrying capacity of more than 150 kg; or an inflatable vessel with a carrying capacity of more than 225 kg.
On the concept of amateur and sport fishing, see the commentary to Art. 51 VK RF.
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See also: Commentary on the Federal Law "On Fishing and Conservation of Aquatic Biological Resources" / Ed. O.L. Dubovik. M., 2011.
Personal and domestic needs are human needs, for example, related to recreation, use of a water body for watering plants in a garden plot, for providing water to poultry and livestock, etc.
4. Restrictions. There are several conditions that can limit (and even completely prohibit) the exercise of the right to use public water bodies. The main thing is the intended purpose: such objects are used in accordance with Part 2 of Article 6 of the RF CC only to meet personal and domestic needs. Partially, the content of these needs is disclosed in part 4 of the commented article (withdrawal (withdrawal) of water resources for the purposes of drinking and household water supply, bathing, use of small boats, jet skis and other technical means intended for recreation on water bodies) and in part 8 (moving and staying on the shoreline of public water bodies, but without the use of motor vehicles, in different purposes, including for amateur and sport fishing, mooring of floating facilities).
Restrictions may be established in cases stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation or its subjects (Part 4, Article 6). Their list is open, since the possibility of establishing other prohibitions is indicated, but only those that correspond to the cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities (for example, in cases of natural or man-made disasters). The commented article does not indicate which particular cases are in question. It must be assumed that this may be the need to reserve sources of drinking water supply, activities to eliminate emergency situations and their consequences, ensure fire safety, defense and security needs, ensure sanitary and epidemiological safety, etc.
Restrictions may be related to the ways and means of using public water bodies: parts 4 and 8 list those that are allowed to be used. Since we are talking about "other" means, as well as about the means of "movement and stay", then, apparently, such a type of use as one-time takeoff and landing of an aircraft, watering can be included in their number (see the commentary to Part 2 of Art. 16 verse 11).
5. Responsibilities. In the field of legal regulation of the use of public water bodies, certain powers are vested in the Government of the Russian Federation, which, in accordance with Part 2 of the commented article, adopts rules for protecting the life of people at water bodies, as well as local governments that establish rules for the use of public water bodies for personal and household needs (see also part 2 of article 27 of the RF VC and comments thereto). In the latter case, we are talking only about those public water bodies that are owned by municipalities, that is, ponds and flooded quarries. Consequently, the rules for the use of public water bodies owned by the state (federal) must also be approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. The powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation include the approval of the rules for the use of water bodies for navigation on small boats and the rules for protecting the life of people on water bodies (parts 7, 8 of article 25 of the RF VC).
In the field of information support for the use of public water bodies, certain responsibilities are assigned to local governments, which must provide residents of settlements with information about water use restrictions. The forms of information support are indicated in part 5 of the commented article:
a) through the media, i.e. newspapers, radio, television;
b) by means of special information signs (posters), warning signs, fences, boards, etc. installed along the banks of water bodies;
c) other ways of providing information (for example, sending out notices, announcing at a meeting of residents of the settlement, a message during a personal tour of houses, dachas, etc.).
The article, granting citizens the right to use public water bodies and their coastline, also implies the fulfillment of certain obligations by them: to use water only for personal and domestic needs, to use for movement, stay and when performing other actions only permitted technical means and permitted types of watercraft, get acquainted with the information on restrictions on the use of public water bodies. Of course, citizens are obliged to comply with all other rules established by Russian water and environmental legislation for the rational use and protection of water bodies, but this is a general requirement.
6. The specifics of the legal regulation of the use of the coastal strip. Parts 6 - 8 of the commented article are devoted to the procedure for establishing the coastline of public water bodies. At the same time, exceptions are provided - for swamps, glaciers, snowfields (see commentary to Article 5 of the RF VC), as well as natural outlets of groundwater (springs, geysers) and some other water bodies, the coastline is not established. Restrictions on their use, therefore, are governed by the rules on the protection and use of water bodies in general, as well as subsoil legislation.
Do you think you are Russian? Born in the USSR and think that you are Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian? No. This is wrong.
You are actually Russian, Ukrainian or Belarusian. But you think you are a Jew.
Game? Wrong word. The correct word is "imprinting".
A newborn associates himself with those facial features that he observes immediately after birth. This natural mechanism is characteristic of most living beings with vision.
Newborns in the USSR for the first few days saw their mother for a minimum of feeding time, and most of the time they saw the faces of the maternity hospital staff. By a strange coincidence, they were (and still are) mostly Jewish. Reception is wild in its essence and effectiveness.
All your childhood you wondered why you live surrounded by non-native people. Rare Jews on your path could do anything with you, because you were drawn to them, while others were repelled. Yes, even now they can.
You cannot fix this - imprinting is one-time and for life. It is difficult to understand, the instinct took shape when you were still very far from being able to formulate. From that moment, no words or details have been preserved. Only facial features remained in the depths of memory. Those traits that you consider your family.
3 commentsSystem and Observer
Let us define a system as an object whose existence is not in doubt.
An observer of a system is an object that is not a part of the system it observes, that is, it determines its existence, including through factors independent of the system.
From the point of view of the system, the observer is a source of chaos - both control actions and the consequences of observational measurements that do not have a causal relationship with the system.
An internal observer is a potentially achievable object for the system in relation to which the inversion of the observation and control channels is possible.
An external observer is even an object potentially unattainable for the system, located beyond the event horizon of the system (spatial and temporal).
Hypothesis #1. All-seeing eye
Let's assume that our universe is a system and it has an external observer. Then observational measurements can take place, for example, with the help of "gravitational radiation" penetrating the universe from all sides from the outside. The capture cross section of "gravitational radiation" is proportional to the mass of the object, and the projection of the "shadow" from this capture onto another object is perceived as an attractive force. It will be proportional to the product of the masses of objects and inversely proportional to the distance between them, which determines the density of the "shadow".
The capture of "gravitational radiation" by an object increases its randomness and is perceived by us as a passage of time. An object that is opaque to "gravitational radiation", the capture cross section of which is larger than the geometric size, looks like a black hole inside the universe.
Hypothesis #2. Internal Observer
It is possible that our universe is watching itself. For example, using pairs of quantum entangled particles spaced apart in space as standards. Then the space between them is saturated with the probability of the existence of the process that generated these particles, which reaches its maximum density at the intersection of the trajectories of these particles. The existence of these particles also means the absence of a sufficiently large capture cross section on the trajectories of objects capable of absorbing these particles. The remaining assumptions remain the same as for the first hypothesis, except:
Time flow
External observation of an object approaching the event horizon of a black hole, if the “outside observer” is the determining factor of time in the universe, will slow down exactly twice - the shadow from the black hole will block exactly half of the possible trajectories of “gravitational radiation”. If the determining factor is the "internal observer", then the shadow will block the entire trajectory of interaction and the flow of time for an object falling into a black hole will completely stop for a view from the outside.
Also, the possibility of combining these hypotheses in one proportion or another is not excluded.
Article 6. Water objects of general use
- checked today
- code dated 01.01.2019
- entered into force on 01.01.2007
There are no new versions of the article that have not entered into force.
Compare with the version of the article dated 01/01/2009 07/18/2008 01/01/2007
Surface water bodies that are in state or municipal ownership are water bodies for general use, that is, public water bodies, unless otherwise provided by this Code.
Every citizen has the right to have access to public water bodies and use them free of charge for personal and household needs, unless otherwise provided by this Code, other federal laws.
The use of public water bodies is carried out in accordance with the rules for protecting the life of people at water bodies, approved in the manner determined by the authorized federal executive body, as well as based on the rules established by local governments for the use of water bodies for personal and domestic needs.
At public water bodies, the intake (withdrawal) of water resources for the purposes of drinking and domestic water supply, bathing, the use of small boats, jet skis and other technical equipment intended for recreation at water bodies, watering, and other prohibitions may be established. in cases stipulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the legislation of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
Information about the limitation of water use at public water bodies is provided to citizens by local governments through the media and through special information signs installed along the banks of water bodies. Other means of providing such information may also be used.
A strip of land along the coastline (boundary of a water body) of a public water body (shore strip) is intended for public use. The width of the coastline of public water bodies is twenty meters, with the exception of the coastline of canals, as well as rivers and streams, the length of which from source to mouth is not more than ten kilometers. The width of the coastal strip of canals, as well as rivers and streams, the length of which from the source to the mouth is not more than ten kilometers, is five meters.
The coastline of swamps, glaciers, snowfields, natural outlets of groundwater (springs, geysers) and other water bodies provided for by federal laws is not determined.
Every citizen has the right to use (without the use of motor vehicles) the coastal strip of public water bodies for movement and stay near them, including for recreational and sport fishing and mooring of floating facilities.
