Shemyakin Court is very brief. extracurricular reading

Of the two peasant brothers, one was rich, the other was poor. The rich man often lent to the poor. Once a poor brother asked a rich man for a horse as a loan - there was nothing to carry firewood on. The horse was given to him, but without a collar, so the poor man had to attach firewood to the horse's tail. Due to the fact that the gate was not set, the tail of the horse came off when passing through the gate.

The poor man wanted to return the tailless horse to his brother, who refused to accept it without a tail and decided to sue his brother in the city court against Shemyaka. The poor man had to follow the rich man, because one way or another he would be forced to stand trial.

On their way to the city, they stopped in a village. The rich man was sheltered by a local priest - his old acquaintance, the poor man, lay down in the same house on a bed. The rich brother and the priest began to eat, but the poor man was not invited to the table. The poor man looked down on how they eat, and fell from the bed into the cradle, hitting the child. Pop also decided to complain about poor Shemyaka.

On the way to the judge, the poor man decided to throw himself off the bridge to avoid punishment. A man was carrying his father under the bridge. They were crossing the bridge. The poor man, flying from the bridge, crushed the peasant's father, but he himself survived. The son of the deceased also went to court. And the poor man was taken to Shemyaka. He had nothing to give to the judge, and he decided to wrap the stone with a handkerchief.

Each time listening to the complaints of the victims, Judge Shemyaka called the poor to account. The poor man showed the judge a stone in a handkerchief. Shemyaka took him for a bribe, so he judged all cases in favor of the poor. So, he must return the horse to his brother when its tail grows; the priest must give his wife to the poor until the poor gets a new child; the peasant must try to kill the poor man the way he killed his father - by throwing himself off the bridge.

After the trial, the rich man asked the poor man for a horse, but his brother refused, so as not to disobey the court's decision. Then the rich man bought his tailless horse from him for 5 rubles. The priest paid off the poor with 10 rubles. The man also did not comply with the court decision, giving the poor a bribe.

Shemyaka sent a confidant to the poor man to find out about the three bundles that were shown to him. The poor man took out a stone. He was asked what kind of stone he had? The poor man explained: if the judge judged incorrectly, he would have killed him with this stone.

When the judge found out about the threat, he was glad that he reasoned this way and not otherwise. And the poor man went home happy.

This work educates the reader in honesty, justice, teaches to feel responsible for their actions. The satire of "The Tale ..." is directed against bribery and self-interest of judges.

Picture or drawing The Tale of the Shemyakin Court

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Today, another work called Shemyakin's Court came into my reader's diary. We met the story of Shemyakin's Court in the 8th grade at a literature lesson.

the story of the Shemyakin court

Tale of Shemyakin court talks about poverty and introduces an unfair trial, showing us a little man with his ingenuity. The work of Shemyakin's Court was written by an unknown author, and this satire dates back to the seventeenth century.

Shemyakin Court summary

In order to get acquainted with the plot of the work Shumyakin Court, we offer that it will allow us to work with the work in the future and make it. In an ancient Russian work of the second half of the seventeenth century, it tells about two brothers: a poor and a rich one. The poor man constantly asked the rich horse, and one day, taking the horse and not receiving a collar from his brother for use, the horse’s tail comes off, because the poor man had to attach firewood to the horse’s tail. The brother now does not want to take the horse and goes to court. In order not to pay tax for a summons to court, the poor brother follows.

On the way to the city, the brother stops at his friend's priest, where he invites him to the table, but the poor are not given dinner, and he only has to look out from the bed. And then the poor man accidentally falls and just on the cradle with the child. The child dies. Now the pop is going to court.

On the way, the poor brother decides to commit suicide and throws himself off the bridge, but just falls on a sleigh with a man. With his fall, he kills the father of one of the townspeople, who at that time is taking his father on a sleigh to the bathhouse.

And now three victims went to court, where the poor man showed ingenuity. During the accusations of all the crimes that fell on the loser, he showed the judge a stone. The judge, thinking about money and the fact that there was gold in the bundle, passed a sentence in favor of the accused, so the horse was left to the poor man, the wife of the priest was sent to him, who was supposed to live with him until the child was born. And in the end, the poor man had to be killed by the injured city dweller in the same way that he killed his father.

In the end, everyone paid money to the poor brother so that the court sentence would not be executed. Moreover, when the judge found out that the poor man had an ordinary stone instead of gold, he also seemed pleased with his decisions that he awarded in favor of the poor, because otherwise, the poor man would have killed him with a stone.

If we analyze the work, then we perfectly see who and what the Shemyakin Court story makes fun of. This is both bribery and injustice in judicial decisions in the days of feudalism. Reading the satirical work Shemyakin Court, one involuntarily asks the question, but on whose side is the author? And here, just the case when the author does not support anyone, he simply shows all the bitterness of what is happening, where each hero deserves sympathy, although, just here, hardly anyone will take the side of the judge. The judge can be condemned, because it was he who made unfair decisions that reached the point of absurdity.

Shemyakin Court main characters

In the Shemyakin court, the main characters are the poor and rich brothers, the priest, the city dweller and the judge Shemyakin. It was by his name that the court was named.

There is nothing to do - the poor tied his firewood to the horse's tail. When he was carrying firewood home, he forgot to set up a gate, and the horse, passing through the gate, tore off his tail.

The poor man brought his brother a horse without a tail. But he did not take the horse, but went to the city to judge Shemyaka to beat his brother with his forehead. The poor man followed him, knowing that he would still be forced to appear in court.

They came to a village. The rich man stayed with his acquaintance - a rural priest. The poor man came to the same ass and lay down on the bed. The rich man and the priest sat down to eat, but the poor man was not invited. He watched from the bed what they were eating, fell down, fell on the cradle and crushed the child. Pop also went to town to complain about the poor man.

They were crossing the bridge. And below, along the moat, one man was taking his father to the bathhouse. The poor man, foreseeing his death, decided to commit suicide. He threw himself off the bridge, fell on the old man and killed him. He was caught and brought before the judge. The poor man thought about what to give him to the judge ... He took a stone, wrapped it in a kerchief and stood in front of the judge.

After listening to the complaint of the rich brother, Judge Shemyaka ordered the poor man to answer. He showed the judge a wrapped stone. Shemyaka decided: let the poor not give the horse to the rich until it grows a new tail.

Then he brought a petition pop. And the poor man showed the stone again. The judge decided: let the priest give the poor priest until he “gets” a new child.

Then the son began to complain, whose father was crushed by the poor. The poor man showed the stone again to the judge. The judge decided: let the plaintiff kill the poor man in the same way, that is, throw himself at him from the bridge.

After the trial, the rich began to ask the poor for a horse, but he refused to give it back, citing a judicial decision. The rich man gave him five rubles to give him a horse without a tail.

Then the poor man began, by a judicial decision, to demand a priest from the priest. The priest gave him ten rubles, only that he should not take the priests.

Poor suggested that the third plaintiff comply with the judge's decision. But he, on reflection, did not want to rush at him from the bridge, but began to put up and also gave the poor bribe.

And the judge sent his man to the defendant to ask about the three bundles that the poor man showed to the judge. The poor man pulled out a stone. Shemyakin's servant was surprised and asked what kind of stone it was. The defendant explained that if the judge did not judge him, he would have bruised him with this stone.

When he learned of the danger that threatened him, the judge was very glad that he judged in this way. And the poor man, rejoicing, went home.

ema: "Shemyakin Court". The depiction of real and fictional events is the main innovation in the literature of the 17th century.

Lesson Objectives : to show the ideological and artistic originality of the story as a satirical work;

develop skills

text analysis,
monologue skills,
expressive reading,
illustration descriptions.

Methodical methods: conversation on questions, teacher's comments, expressive reading by roles, elements of text analysis, story by illustrations.

During the classes

I. Checking homework.

1) Reading several essays about A. Nevsky.

2) Slide 1-2 . Conversation on the article "The Tale of the Shemyakin Court" (pp. 29 - 30)

How do you understand what a democratic l-ra is? (It was created for the people. The environment and reflected the people's ideals and ideas about power, court, the Church, truth, the meaning of life)
Who was the hero of the democratic l-ry? (ordinary people who have not accomplished anything significant for history, who have not become famous for anything. Often losers, poor people).

II. Teacher's story about democratic literature. Russian l - ra at the turn of the ΧVІІ - ΧVІІІ centuries. was a very variegated picture, characteristic of the transitional period. There was a stratification of l - ry: in parallel with literature, the democratic l - ra developed. Every year expanding in volume and more and more attracting public attention. This l - ra was created in the people's environment and reflected the people's ideals and ideas about power, court, church, truth, the meaning of life. The heroes of the works of this literature were ordinary people, the so-called "little man", not famous, often destitute, poor, disenfranchised.

In the history of Russian lit. language democratic l - ra ΧVІІ - ΧVІІІ centuries left a deep, indelible meaning. It poured two powerful streams into the bookish language developed by the previous development - folk-poetic speech and live colloquial speech, which contributed to the formation of the literary language of the era.

slide 3 One of the works of democratic l - ry is "The Tale of the Shemyakin Court". The name of the hero was associated with the name of the Galician prince Dmitry Shemyaka, who blinded his brother, the Moscow prince Vasily II and was known as an unrighteous judge. Shemyakini's name has become a household name.

P. is found both in prose and in poetic versions.

The oldest known list of prose texts dates back to the end of the 17th century. In the XVIII century. the prose text was transcribed in unequal syllabic verse; there are also transcriptions of the work in tonic verse and iambic six-foot.

Starting from the 1st floor. 18th century lubok publications appear (Rovinsky D . Russian folk pictures.- St. Petersburg, 1881.- Book. 1. - P. 189-192), which reproduce the plot of the work in an abbreviated form (they were reprinted 5 times, up to the edition with a censored note in 1838).

During the XVIII-XX centuries. numerous literary adaptations of P. appear; in the 1st third of the 19th century. The work has been translated into German twice. The name of the story - "Shemyakin Court" - has become a folk saying.

III. Reading the story by roles by pre-prepared students.

IV. Textbook discussion.

v. Additional tasks:

Plan Slide 4

1st part:

1. Two brothers: rich and poor
2. Horse without a tail
3. Fell off the board
4. Commit yourself to death

In the first part P. tells about how the protagonist commits three crimes (tearing off the tail of a horse that belonged to his rich brother; falling from the horses, knocking the priest's son to death; throwing himself from the bridge, he kills the old man whom the son was taking to the bathhouse). These three episodes can be seen as " simple shapes”, like unfinished jokes, like a plot. By themselves, they are funny, but the plot is not completed, not “untied”.

Part 2: Slide 5

5. Shemyaka referee
6. Stone wrapped in a handkerchief
7. The poor man praised God

In the second part it is described how the poor man shows the unrighteous judge Shemyaka a stone wrapped in a scarf, which the judge takes for a promise - a bag of money, for which he sentences the rich brother to give the horse to the poor man until it grows a new tail, punishes the ass to give the priest until the poor man will not “get the child”, but he also offers the son of the murdered old man to throw himself from the bridge at the murderer. The plaintiffs prefer to pay off in order not to comply with the decisions of the judge. Shemyaka, having learned that the poor man showed him a stone, thanked God: “as if I hadn’t judged by him, but he would have slapped me.”

slide 6 The comedy of these anecdotes is enhanced by the fact that Shemyaka's sentences are, as it were, a mirror image of the poor man's adventures. The rich brother is ordered by the judge to wait for the horse to grow a new tail. The judge punishes the priest: “Give him your wife to get to those places (until then) until he gets a child for you from your father. At that time, take papada from him with the child.”

Slide 7 A similar decision is made in the third case. “Go up to the bridge,” Shemyaka says to the plaintiff, “and if you killed your father, stand under the bridge, and. you yourself from the bridge fall on him, so kill him, as he is your father. It is not surprising that the plaintiffs preferred to pay off: they pay the poor so that he does not force them to comply with the decisions of the judge.

Reading the story, the Russian people of the 17th century naturally compared the Shemyaka trial with the real judicial practice of their time. Such a comparison enhanced the comic effect of the work. The fact is that according to the "Code" (code of laws) of 1649, retribution was also a mirror image of the crime. For murder they were executed by death, for arson they were burned, for minting a counterfeit coin they poured molten lead into their throats. It turned out that the Shemyaka court was a direct parody of the ancient Russian legal proceedings.

The story introduces us to the tense atmosphere of life in Russia in the second half of the 17th century. She denounced the unrighteous (“for a bribe”) legal proceedings, but with good-natured humor she painted the image of the judge himself - Shemyaka, who decided cases in favor of the poor, and not in favor of the rich and the priest.

VII. Slide 9 Try to identify the genre features of "Shemyakin Court"

"Sh. court" is defined assatirical story,
but the work is close to folklore, reminiscent of everyday fairy tale : heroes-commoners, the cunning and ingenuity of the protagonist, who turned the case in his favor.
"Sh. court" wears some features of the parable Keywords: edification, opposition of poverty and wealth, external unemotionality of the narration, construction of phrases (anaphora), parallelism of episodes.
The illustrated version of the work resembles comics

VIII. Working with illustrations. Group task:retell several episodes depicted in the illustrations close to the text.

ІΧ. Slide 10 D. h. 1. What impression did the story make on you? Prepare a detailed answer by including the expression "Shemyakin court" as a saying.

In a certain place there lived two brothers who were farmers, one rich, the other poor. The rich man lent money to the poor for many years, and could not fulfill his poverty. Once a poor man came to a rich man to ask his horse to bring firewood. His brother did not want to give him a horse and said to him: “I lent you a lot, brother, but could not fill it. And when he gave him a horse, the poor man began to ask him for a collar. And his brother got angry with him, began to revile his squalor: - You don’t even have your collar! And did not give him a collar. The poor man left the rich man, took his firewood, tied his horse by the tail, went into the forest and brought it to his court. He hit the horse with a whip, but forgot to set up the gateway. The horse, with all its might, rushed through the doorway with the cart and tore off its tail. The poor man brought a horse without a tail to his brother. The brother, seeing that his horse was without a tail, began to reproach his wretched brother because, having begged for a horse, spoiled it, and, without taking a horse, went to beat him with his forehead in the city to Shemyaka the judge.

("Shemyakin Court")

Test on "The Tale of Shemyakin Court"

A1 . Determine the genre of the work from which the fragment is taken.

1) fairy tale 2) story 3) life 4) teaching

A2 . What is the place of this fragment in the work?

opens the narrative
completes the story
is the climax of the story
is one of the stages in the development of the plot

A3 . The main theme of this piece is:

debt theme
the theme of human inner freedom
labor theme
theme of different life of two brothers

A4. What determines the lifestyle of a poor brother?

desire to get rich
caring for rich brother
the desire to take more from a rich brother
desire to help all people

reveals the absence of a human element in the hero
shows disregard for the goodness of a brother
characterizes psychological condition hero
emphasizes the social position of the hero

IN 1. Indicate the term by which in literary criticism words are characterized that have become obsolete over time (“yoke”, “vilify”, “wood firewood”).

AT 2. Name the means of creating the image of the hero, based on the description of his appearance (from the words: "Went miserable ...")

AT 3. From the paragraph beginning with the words: “And when he gave ...”, write out a word that characterizes the attitude of a rich brother to the ignorance of a poor one.

AT 4. Explain the meaning of the word forehead

C1. What does the expression mean"shemyakin court" ? which of the two brothers was wrong? Why? Preview:

2nd part: 5. Shemyaka judge 6. A stone wrapped in a scarf 7. The poor man praised God 5

The poor man shows the unrighteous judge Shemyaka a stone wrapped in a scarf, which the judge takes for a promise - a bag of money for which he sentences the rich brother to give the horse to the poor until it grows a new tail, punishes the ass to give the popad until the poor man does not " will get the child, ”and the son of the murdered old man also offers to throw himself from the bridge at the murderer. 6

Engraving on copper, first half of the 18th century. From an illustration for the fairy tale "Shemyakin Court", first half of the 18th century). From the Rovinsky collection. “Climb up to the bridge,” Shemyaka says to the plaintiff, “and when you kill your father, stand under the bridge, and you yourself from the bridge turn on him, so kill him, as he is your father.” It is not surprising that the plaintiffs preferred to pay off: they pay the poor so that he does not force them to comply with the decisions of the judge. 7

Do you think the poor man's brother is a positive or negative image? (YES, positive. NO, negative) 2. Do you think poor brother is a positive or negative image? (YES, positive." NO, negative) write down in the table justify your position on the controversial issue using key words. As a result, a similar table could appear: Yes (for) No (against) 1. Entrepreneurship 2. Activity 3. Pressure 4 1. Obsession 2. Deceit 3. Cowardice 4. Insolence 5. Insolence 8

Genre features of "Shemyakin's Court" A satirical story Reminiscent of an everyday fairy tale Find the features of the parable What do the illustrations on page 33 remind you of? 9

D. h. 1. What impression did the story make on you? Prepare a detailed answer by including the expression "shemyakin court" as a saying. 3. Read "Undergrowth". 10

Resources http://www.peoples.ru/state/king/russia/dmitriy_shemyaka/shemyaka_7.jpg http://wiki.laser.ru/images/thumb/e/e4/%d0%a8%d0%b5%d0 %bc%d1%8f%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%bd_%d1%81%d1%83%d0%b4.jpg/240px-%d0%a8%d0%b5%d0%bc%d1% 8f%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%bd_%d1%81%d1%83%d0%b4.jpg http://www.rusinst.ru/showpic.asp?t=articles&n=ArticleID&id=4951 http: //www.ozon.ru/multimedia/books_covers/1000491396.jpg 11

And the publishers of the Nikolsky market. It was published by Pypin in Kalachov's Archive of Historical and Practical Information Relating to Russia (1859).

Encyclopedic YouTube

The brothers traditional for fairy tales - the rich and the poor - quarrel because the poor spoiled the rich man's horse. Since the rich did not give a yoke, the poor had to tie the sleigh to the tail of the horse. As he rode through the gate, he forgot to set up a doorway, and the horse's tail broke off. The rich man refuses to accept the horse and goes to the city to complain about his brother to the judge Shemyake. Petitioner and defendant travel together. A second involuntary misfortune happens to the poor man: during sleep, he falls from the bed into the cradle and kills the priest's child. Pop joins the rich. At the entrance to the city, the poor man decides to commit suicide and throws himself off the bridge, but falls on a sick old man, who was being transported across the ice to the bathhouse by his son. The victim also goes to the judge with a complaint.

During the trial, the accused shows Shemyaka a stone wrapped in a scarf. The judge is sure that this is a “promise”, and decides all three cases in a very peculiar way: the horse must remain with the poor until its tail grows; the priest gives his wife to the poor man so that the priest may have a child from him, and the third plaintiff can take revenge on the poor man in exactly the same way that the latter killed his father. It is quite natural that the plaintiffs not only waive the penalty (fines), but give the defendant a generous reward in the form of compensation.

It is further narrated that the judge sends his scribe to receive a bribe from the poor man, but, having learned that the latter showed him not money, but a stone intended to “bruise” the judge in the event of a guilty verdict, he thanks God for saving his life. Thus, all the characters in the story remain one way or another satisfied with the outcome of the case, which ended happily only thanks to the simplicity of the poor man.

Editions

In the first half of the 18th century, 12 pictures for "Shemyakin's Court" were engraved at the Akhmetyevskaya factory, with the text printed later by Rovinsky; the popular edition was repeated five times, and the last time, already with a censored note, was printed in 1839. The further development of the story was expressed in later literary adaptations in the style of The Adventures of the Poshekhonians, for example, in the book published in 1860 The tale of Krivosud, and how the naked Yerema, the granddaughters of Pakhom, at the neighbor of Thomas a large chrome, created misfortune and other things". The whole comedy of this "Fairy Tale" rests on the development of a well-known theme: "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth", caricatured in a farcical spirit.

Editions of the story about Shemyakin Court:

"Archive" Kalachov (1859; Book IV, pp. 1-10);
"Monuments" by Kostomarov (Issue II, pp. 405-406);
“Folk Russian tales” by Alexander Afanasiev (ed. A. Gruzinsky, M., 1897, vol. II, pp. 276-279; see);
Buslaev's "Historical Reader" (pp. 1443-1446);
"Collection Department Russian language and literature of the Academy of Sciences" (vol. X, No. 6, pp. 7-12);
"Russian Folk Pictures" by Rovinsky (book I, 189-191, book IV, pp. 172-175);
"Chronicles literature" Tikhonravov (vol. V, pp. 34-37);
a separate publication of the Society of Lovers of Ancient Literature (St. Petersburg, 1879, etc.).

Research

Until Eastern and Western parallels were brought to the case, the Shemyakin Court was viewed as a completely original, very ancient work of Russian satire, associated with the general view of Russian people on the sad state of legal proceedings; explained with proverbs such as with the clerk, hang around, and keep the stone in your bosom”, and even commented with some articles on the Code by Alexei Mikhailovich and Tales of foreigners about Russia in the 17th century. ".

besides the name Shemyaka, scientists were occupied with the accidental victory of eternal truth over human falsehood, carried out in the story, albeit with a touch of some irony. Buslaev did not doubt its Russian origin and was only surprised that the type of judge Shemyaka, from the wise and just (biblical Solomon), took on the opposite connotation, and instead of a story-admonition, the story of Shemyakin's court descended to a playful parody, despite the early, Eastern prototypes . Buslaev believed that the additions to the story were expressed in satirical antics against the crooked judgment and bribery with promises, as phenomena of a later time, that is, the legend turned into an ordinary satire on Russian clerks. Sukhomlinov explained this seeming opposition by various principles, from which the version of Shemyak was gradually formed, and in the decline of morality he sees the influence of the Semitic legends about the four Sodom judges - the "Deceiver" (Shakray), the "Deceiver" (Shakrurai), the "Faker" (Zaifi) and "Krivosude" (Matslidin). Like Jewish legends, in the Russian story the serious is mixed with the funny; That's why " favorite ideas of folk literature about the victory of truth over falsehood, about saving the unfortunate from malice the mighty of the world merge with features from the legend of the courts, common among the Indo-European and Semitic peoples» . In the Shemyakin Court, the judge justifies the poor man, who has committed essentially involuntary crimes, and thereby saves him from the revenge of people who are morally guilty, thanks to which the satire on bribery has not lost its edifying purpose, - this is how A. N. Veselovsky looked at the trend of the story: of course, the judge puts the questions casuistically, but in such a way that the fines fall with all their weight on the plaintiffs and they prefer to abandon the claim.

Binding to a historical character

Particularly intriguing was the historical name of the famous Galician Prince Dmitry Shemyaka, who barbarously blinded Vasily Tyomny. Sakharov even cited the words of some Russian chronograph, who connected the saying with a historical event: “ from this time in great Russia on every judge and admirer in reproach, nicknamed Shemyakin court". In the same spirit, Karamzin also circulated this observation of the old Russian scribe: “ having no rules of honor on his conscience, no prudent state system, Shemyaka, in the short time of his reign, increased the attachment of Muscovites to Vasily, and in civil matters themselves, trampling justice, ancient charters underfoot, common sense, left forever the memory of his iniquities in the folk proverb about the Shemyakin court, which is still in common use". Solovyov and Bestuzhev-Ryumin repeat the same thing. Alexander Nikolaevich Veselovsky was the first to point out the accidental application of the eastern name Shemyaki to the historical personality of the Galician prince of the 15th century.

Western parallels

Wondering how this legend came to us, and on the basis of the direct evidence of Tolstoy's list of "Shemyakin Court of the 17th century" (written out from Polish books), Tikhonravov believed that " in its present form, the satirical story about the court, already baptized by the name of Shemyaki, went through the alteration of a Russian person and received purely folk colors, but individual episodes could be borrowed from Polish books", and pointed to the anecdote "About an accident" in the popular story " The adventures of a new entertaining jester and a great rogue in matters of love, Conscience-Dral, a big nose”(a bricklayer falls from a high tower and kills a man sitting below), as well as one episode in “Figei Kach” by the 16th-century Polish writer Mikołaj Rey from Naglowice about the accused who “showed the stone to the judge” .

Eastern parallels

The German philologist Benfey cites a Tibetan tale that served as an intermediate link between the alleged Indian source and the Russian Shemyakin Court: a poor Brahmin borrows a bull from a rich man for work, but the bull runs away from the master's yard; on the way to the judge, the brahmin falls from the wall and kills the wandering weaver and the child who was sleeping under the clothes on which the traveler sat down to rest. The verdicts of the judge are distinguished by the same casuistry: since the plaintiff did not “see” that a bull was brought to him, then his “eye” should be gouged out; the defendant must marry the weaver's widow and have the child live with the injured mother. The German folklorist noticed the same similarity with the Indian tale of the Cairo merchant, which probably also goes back to an unknown Buddhist source. Such a well-proportioned and stable in details legend refers rather to

About the fairy tale

Russian folk tale "Shemyakin Court"

Russian folk tale about the Shemyakin Court is an example of the so-called folk satire. Its summary is as follows: in the center of the plot is a poor man, who at first glance seems to be a simpleton and a klutz. As the events of the tale unfold, he constantly gets unlucky. It all started with a lack of firewood. The poor man went to his rich brother to ask the horse to bring firewood from the forest. He begged with great difficulty, the very rich man did not want to give it, and, as it turned out, not in vain. The poor brother forgot about the harness, so he decided to tie the cart with firewood to the horse's tail. Yes, as a result, this tail was torn off. Because of this, the rich brother went to sue him. The poor man was afraid that he would be sued, and he fell off the bridge along the road. And it would be nice if he just fell, and also landed in the merchant's sleigh, in which the merchant was carrying his sick father. That old man's man was beaten to death. Here the merchant decided to sue him. What a poor man to do - two rich men will certainly sue. But the man decided not to give up just like that: he picked up a heavier stone, wrapped it in a rag and carried it with him - in which case he would threaten the judge with murder. There is nothing left to lose.

The trial has begun. As soon as it was the turn of the defendant, he immediately showed the stone to the judge. The judge, greedy for gold, decided that the peasant was offering him a bribe, and a huge ingot was wrapped in a rag. Therefore, the servant of the law made a very unexpected decision, more beneficial to the poor than to the rich and the merchant. Hearing such a verdict, the plaintiffs themselves were frightened and decided to pay off the poor peasant with money. And he is happy with such a turn of affairs - of course he took the money. As a result, the curious sentence was never carried out.

The judge tried to get a well-deserved bribe from the peasant. Then the poor man unfolded the rag and showed the cobblestone, with which he was ready to kill the judge if something happened. What he immediately told him. The cowardly judge was glad that he had escaped such an unenviable fate. What is it that the greedy croaker ordered to do with the poor to the rich and the merchant read in the text of the tale. This is how fabulous justice was restored unexpectedly and amusingly. The unlucky poor man did not wish harm to anyone, did not cause harm on purpose. However, he was threatened with severe punishment. But the judge unexpectedly outwitted himself, thereby helping the poor brother not only get away with it no matter what, but also improve his financial affairs.

All the characters in this fairy tale for children and their actions are shown in an exaggeratedly funny way. The construction of the plot is very similar to a joke. The total bad luck of all the heroes and the greed of a rich brother and the greed of a judge are ridiculed here. But the fairy tale is not just satirical, it is from the series "fabulousness". Absolutely unreal things happen in it, impossible in everyday life. The book about Shemyakin's court clearly reflects the dream of the simple Russian people about invincible justice: when a seemingly weak hero wins and a dishonest court verdict turns out in his favor. Here, what is frightening in everyday life rises to laughter common man: court and judges. The text is written in a convenient large font. We wish you a pleasant reading!

There lived two brothers. One was poor and the other rich. The poor brother had no firewood. Nothing to fire up the oven. It's cold in the hut. He went into the forest, chopped firewood, but no horse. How to bring firewood?

I'll go to my brother, I'll ask for a horse.

His wealthy brother received him unkindly.

Take a horse, take care not to impose a big cart, but don’t rely on me ahead: give today and give tomorrow, and then go around the world yourself.

The poor man brought the horse home and remembered:

Oh, I don't have a collar! I didn’t ask right away, and now there’s nothing to go - my brother won’t let me.

Somehow he tied the firewood more tightly to the tail of his brother's horse and rode off.

On the way back, wood caught on a stump, but the poor man did not notice, whipped up his horse. The horse was hot, rushed and tore off the tail. When the rich brother saw that the horse had no tail, he swore and shouted:

Lost a horse! I won't let this thing go!

And sued the poor man.

How much, how little time has passed, the brothers are summoned to the city for trial. They go, they go. The poor man thinks: “I have never been to court myself, but I have heard the proverb: the weak do not fight the strong, and the poor do not sue the rich. They will sue me."

They were just walking across the bridge. There were no railings. The poor man slipped and fell off the bridge. And at that time, a merchant was driving down the ice, taking his old father to the doctor. The poor man fell and got right into the sleigh and bruised the old man to death, while he himself remained alive and unharmed.

The merchant grabbed the poor man:

Let's go to the judge!

And three went into the city: a poor man, a rich brother, and a merchant.

Quite a poor man was saddened: "Now they will surely sue." Then he saw a heavy stone on the road. He grabbed a stone, wrapped it in a rag and put it in his bosom: “Seven troubles - one answer: if the judge does not judge according to me and sue, I will kill the judge.”

Come to the judge. A new one has been added to the old one. The judge began to judge, interrogate.

And the poor brother looks at the judge, takes out a stone in a rag from his bosom, and whispers to the judge:

Judge, judge, look here.

So one, and another, and a third. The judge saw and thought: “Is the peasant showing gold?”

I looked again - a big promise. “If there is silver, there is a lot of money.”

And he ordered the poor brother to keep the tailless horse until the horse's tail grew back.

And the merchant said:

For the fact that this man killed your father, let him himself stand on the ice under the same bridge, and you jump on him from the bridge and crush him to death, as he crushed your father.

That is where the trial ended.

Rich Brother says:

Okay, so be it, I'll take your tailless horse.

What are you, brother, - the poor man answers. - Let it be, as the judge ordered: I will hold your horse until the tail grows.

The rich brother began to persuade:

I'll give you thirty rubles, just give me the horse.

Okay, give me money.

The rich brother counted out thirty rubles, and on that they got along.

Then the merchant began to ask:

Listen, little man, I forgive you your fault, you still won’t return your parent.

No, let's go, if the court has ordered, jump on me from the bridge.

I don’t want your death, make peace with me, and I’ll give you a hundred rubles, the merchant asks.

The poor man received a hundred rubles from the merchant. And just about to leave, the judge calls him:

Well, let's promise.

The poor man took out a bundle from his bosom, unfolded the rag and showed the stone to the judge.

This is what he showed you and said: “Judge, judge, but look here.” If you sued me, I would have killed you.

“That’s good,” the judge thinks, “that I judged by this peasant, otherwise I wouldn’t live.”
And the poor man, cheerful, with songs, came home.

There lived two peasant brothers: one rich and the other poor. For many years the rich lent money to the poor, but he remained just as poor. Once a poor man came to ask a rich man for a horse to bring firewood. He reluctantly gave the horse. Then the poor man began to ask for a collar. But the brother got angry and did not give the collar.
There is nothing to do - the poor tied his firewood to the horse's tail. When he was carrying firewood home, he forgot to set up a gate, and the horse, passing through the gate, tore off his tail.
The poor man brought his brother a horse without a tail. But he did not take the horse, but went to the city to judge Shemyaka to beat his brother with his forehead. The poor man followed him, knowing that he would still be forced to appear in court.
They came to a village. The rich man stayed with his acquaintance - a rural priest. The poor man came to the same ass and lay down on the bed. The rich man and the priest sat down to eat, but the poor man was not invited. He watched from the bed what they were eating, fell down, fell on the cradle and crushed the child. Pop also went to town to complain about the poor man.
They were crossing the bridge. And below, along the moat, one man was taking his father to the bathhouse. The poor man, foreseeing his death, decided to commit suicide. He threw himself off the bridge, fell on the old man and killed him. He was caught and brought before the judge. The poor man thought about what to give him to the judge ... He took a stone, wrapped it in a kerchief and stood in front of the judge.
After listening to the complaint of the rich brother, Judge Shemyaka ordered the poor man to answer. He showed the judge a wrapped stone. Shemyaka decided: let the poor not give the horse to the rich until it grows a new tail.
Then he brought a petition pop. And the poor man showed the stone again. The judge decided: let the priest give the poor priest until he “gets” a new child.
Then the son began to complain, whose father was crushed by the poor. The poor man showed the stone again to the judge. The judge decided: let the plaintiff kill the poor man in the same way, that is, throw himself at him from the bridge.
After the trial, the rich began to ask the poor for a horse, but he refused to give it back, citing a judicial decision. The rich man gave him five rubles to give him a horse without a tail.
Then the poor man began, by a judicial decision, to demand a priest from the priest. The priest gave him ten rubles, only that he should not take the priests.
Poor suggested that the third plaintiff comply with the judge's decision. But he, on reflection, did not want to rush at him from the bridge, but began to put up and also gave the poor bribe.
And the judge sent his man to the defendant to ask about the three bundles that the poor man showed to the judge. The poor man pulled out a stone. Shemyakin's servant was surprised and asked what kind of stone it was. The defendant explained that if the judge did not judge him, he would have bruised him with this stone.
When he learned of the danger that threatened him, the judge was very glad that he judged in this way. And the poor man, rejoicing, went home.

Literature Grade 7. Textbook-reader for schools with in-depth study of literature. Part 1 Team of authors

The Tale of the Shemyakin Court

In some places there lived two farming brothers: one rich, the other poor. The rich man loaned many years to the poor, but could not correct his poverty.

After some time, the poor man came to the rich man to ask for a horse, so that he would have something to bring firewood for himself. The brother did not want to give him a horse, he says: “I lent you a lot, but I could not fix it.” And when he gave him a horse, and he, taking it, began to ask for a collar, his brother was offended by him, began to revile his wretchedness, saying: “You don’t have your collar either.” And did not give him a collar.

The poor man left the rich man, took his firewood, tied his horse by the tail and brought it to his yard. And he forgot to put the doorway. He hit the horse with a whip, but the horse, with all its might, rushed with the cart through the gateway and tore off its tail.

And so the poor man brought a horse without a tail to his brother. And his brother saw that his horse did not have a tail, and he began to abuse his brother, that, having begged the horse from him, he spoiled it. And, not taking back the horse, he went to beat him with his forehead in the city, to Shemyaka the judge.

And the poor brother, seeing that his brother went to beat him with his forehead, went himself behind his brother, knowing that they would still send for him from the city, and not go, so he would also have to pay the bailiffs travel tickets.

And they both stopped in a certain village, not reaching the city. The rich man went to spend the night to the priest of that village, then that was the one he knew. And the poor man came to that priest, and when he came, he lay down on his beds. And the rich man began to tell the priest about the death of his horse, for which he was going to the city. And then the priest began to dine with the rich, but the poor are not invited to eat with them. The poor man began to watch from the tray what the priest and his brother were eating, fell off the tray and crushed the priest's son to death. And he also went with a rich brother to the city to beat the poor with his forehead for the death of his son. And they came to the city where the judge lived; and the poor follow them.

They walked across the bridge near the city. And from the inhabitants of the city, someone was taking his father by a moat to wash his father. The poor man, knowing that he would be killed by his brother and priest, decided to put himself to death. And rushing, he fell on the old man and crushed his father to death. They grabbed him and brought him to the judge.

He pondered how to get rid of misfortune and what to give to the judge. And, finding nothing at home, he thought of it this way: he took the stone, wrapped it in a scarf, put it in his cap, and stood before the judge.

And so his brother brought his petition, a lawsuit against him for a horse, began to beat the judge Shemyaka with his forehead. Shemyaka, having listened to the petition, says to the poor: “Answer!” The poor man, not knowing what to say, took out a wrapped stone from his cap, showed it to the judge, and bowed. And the judge, teasing that the poor man promised him a bribe, said to his brother: “If he tore off your horse’s tail, do not take your horse from him until the horse’s tail grows. And when the tail grows, at that time take your horse from him.

And then another judgment began. The priest began to look for the death of his son, for the fact that he crushed his son. The poor man again took out the same knot from his hat and showed it to the judge. The judge saw and thinks that in another case another knot of gold promises, he says to the priest: “If he hurts your son, give him your wife-badass until he gets a child for you from your asshole; at that time, take from him the popada along with the child.

And then the third trial began for the fact that, throwing himself from the bridge, he killed the old father of his son. The poor man, having taken out a stone wrapped in a scarf from his hat, showed it to the judge for the third time. The judge, teasing that for the third trial he promises him a third knot, says to the one whose father was killed: “Go up to the bridge, and let him who killed your father stand under the bridge. And you yourself from the bridge fall down on him and kill him just like he was your father.

After the trial, the plaintiffs and the defendant left the order. The rich man began to ask the poor for his horse, and he answered him: “According to the judicial decree, as they say, her tail will grow, at that time I will give your horse.” The rich brother gave him five rubles for his horse, so that he would give it to him, albeit without a tail. And he took five rubles from his brother and gave him the horse. And the poor man began to ask the priest, according to the judicial decree, so that he could get a child from her, and when he got it, give him back the hitch with the child. The priest began to hit him with his forehead so that he would not take his hits from him. And he took ten rubles from him. Then the poor man began to say to the third plaintiff: “According to the judge’s decree, I will stand under the bridge, but you go up to the bridge and rush at me just as I did at your father.” And he thinks: “I’ll throw myself, so, go ahead, you won’t hurt him, but you’ll hurt yourself.” He also began to put up with the poor, gave him a reward for not ordering him to throw himself at himself. And so the poor man took from all three of them.

The judge sent a servant to the defendant and ordered him to take those shown three knots. The servant began to ask him: “Give what you showed the judge from the hat in knots; He told me to take it from you." And he, taking out a tied stone from his hat, showed. Then the servant says to him: “What are you saying to the stone?” And the defendant said: “This is for the judge. I de, - he says, - whenever he began to judge not by me, I killed him with that stone.

The servant returned and told the judge everything. The judge, after listening to the servant, said: “I thank and praise God for judging him. If I didn’t judge by him, he would have hurt me.”

Then the poor man went home rejoicing and praising God.

Questions and tasks

1. What kind of humor is used in this piece?

2. Explain the meaning of the title of this work. What moral values are affirmed and which are denied in the work?

3. Why did the poor farmer win all three lawsuits?

4. Describe the image of Shemyaka.

5. Explain the ideological meaning of the ending of the work. Why do both the poor man and Shemyaka praise God at the end of the story?

6. What folklore features did you notice in the story?

7. Prepare a retelling of "Shemyakin's Court" on behalf of the judge.

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Then the poor man began to ask for a collar. But the brother got angry and did not give the collar.

There is nothing to do - the poor tied his firewood to the horse's tail. When he was carrying firewood home, he forgot to set up a gateway, and the horse, driving through the gate, tore off his tail.

The poor man brought his brother a horse without a tail. But that horse

He did not take it, but went to the city to judge Shemyaka to beat his brother with his forehead. The poor man followed him, knowing that he would still be forced to appear in court.

They came to a village. The rich man stayed with his acquaintance, a rural priest. The poor man came to the same priest and lay down on the bed. The rich man and the priest sat down to eat, but the poor man was not invited.

He watched from the bed what they were eating, fell down, fell on the cradle and crushed the child. Pop also went to town to complain about the poor man.

They were crossing the bridge. And below, along the moat, one man was taking his father to the bathhouse. The poor man, foreseeing his death, decided to commit suicide.

He threw himself off the bridge, fell on the old man and killed him. He was caught and brought before the judge. The poor man wondered what to give him to the judge...

He took the stone, wrapped it in a plat and stood before the judge.

After listening to the complaint of the rich brother, Judge Shemyaka ordered the poor man to answer. He showed the judge the wrapped stone. Shemyaka decided: let the poor not give the horse to the rich until it grows a new tail.

Then he brought a petition pop. And the poor man showed the stone again. The judge decided: let the priest give the poor priest until he “gets” a new child.

After the trial, the rich began to ask the poor for a horse, but he refused to give it back, citing a judicial decision. The rich man gave him five rubles to give him a horse without a tail.

Then the poor man began, by a judicial decision, to demand a priest from the priest. The priest gave him ten rubles, only that he should not take the priests.

Poor suggested that the third plaintiff comply with the judge's decision. But he, on reflection, did not want to rush at him from the bridge, but began to put up and also gave the poor bribe.

The defendant explained that if the judge did not judge him, he would have bruised him with this stone.

When he learned of the danger that threatened him, the judge was very glad that he judged in this way. And the poor man, rejoicing, went home.

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Ivan Ivanovich is a wonderful person in all respects. He has excellent clothes, an excellent house with many outbuildings, a fruitful garden. He has been a widow for ten years; he has no children, so he loves the children of his servant Gapka and pampers them with various gifts. Ivan Ivanovich himself prefers melons, is devout, pays a lot of attention to the poor (precisely attention; he almost [...] ...
STATION MAINTENANCE “Who hasn't cursed the stationmasters, who hasn't scolded them? Who, in a moment of anger, did not demand from them a fatal book in order to write in it their useless complaint of oppression, rudeness and malfunction? Who does not revere them as monsters of the human race, equal to the deceased clerks, or at least Murom robbers? However, let us be fair, let us try to enter […]
Kashtanka - a young red dog, a mixture of a dachshund and a mongrel - wanders along the street and tries to find his master. Its owner, carpenter Luka Aleksandrovich, has disappeared, and the animal cannot follow its trail. When it gets completely dark, the crying Kashtanka falls asleep near the entrance. She wakes up from the impact of the opened door. The person who opened the door calls the dog to him [...] ...
The rich and noble barin Kirila Petrovich Troekurov lives in his estate Pokrovskoye. Knowing his tough temper, all the neighbors are afraid of him, except for the poor landowner Andrei Gavrilovich Dubrovsky, a retired lieutenant of the guard and former colleague of Troekurov. Both are widows. Dubrovsky has a son, Vladimir, who works in St. Petersburg, and Troekurov has a daughter, Masha, who lives with her father, and Troekurov often […]...
Ivan Petrovich Berestov and Grigory Ivanovich Muromsky, landowners, do not get along with each other. Berestov is a widower, prosperous, loved by neighbors, has a son Alexei. Muromsky is a “real Russian gentleman”, a widower, an Angloman, manages the household ineptly, brings up his daughter Lisa. Aleksey Berestov wants to make a military career, his father does not agree, and while Aleksey lives in the village as a “master”, making an indelible impression on the romantic county young ladies, [...] ...
I Solopy Cherevik goes to the fair in Sorochintsy with his daughter Paraska. One of the guys he meets admires the beauty of the girl and taunts her stepmother Khivrey, who is sitting next to him on the cart. The angry woman showers the joker with abuse, and he throws a clod of dirt at Khivryu. II The family stops at Tsybuli's godfather. The next day, Solopiy and his daughter go to the fair. […]...
There lived a rich merchant Karp Sutulov with a beautiful wife, whose name was Tatiana. The couple loved each other very much. Karp had a friend, Afanasy Berdov. Preparing to go to the Lithuanian land, Karp came to a friend and asked him to help Tatiana with money, who was left alone to manage the house. Athanasius agreed. Karp promised to pay him off after his arrival. When he got home, he told […]
The author introduces the reader to the petty official Akaky Akakievich Bashmachkin, who turned out to be unhappy from birth. The calendar was opened three times to christen the child. And three times such intricate names fell out that the mother despaired and decided: to be her son, like her father, Akakiy. Bashmachkin served in one department and was engaged in rewriting papers. He knew his business perfectly, performed with great [...] ...
In 1811, Gavrila Gavrilovich R. lived on his estate with his wife and daughter Masha. He was hospitable, and many enjoyed his hospitality, and some came for Marya Gavrilovna. But Marya Gavrilovna was in love with a poor army warrant officer named Vladimir, who was on vacation in his village next door. Young lovers, believing that the will of their parents prevents [...] ...
Boyar Tugar Volk arrives in the Carpathian village of Tukhlya. Prince Daniel gave him these lands. The wolf sets out to hunt bears with guests and a brave, beautiful daughter, Miroslava. She received a male upbringing, has a strong spirit and possesses the skills of a real knight. “Here is a girl! It would be a match for a man to be,” the Tukholians admire when they see her. The boyars take Maxim Berkut, the son of [...] ...
The epigraph, as it were, points to the folklore origins of the work and at the same time introduces the reader into the stylized, fairy tale style of narration chosen by the author: “In the city they talk about one huge pearl - about how it was found and how it was lost again. They tell about the pearl diver Kino and his wife Juana and their child Coyotito. This story was narrated from […]
METEL The hospitable Gavrila Gavrilovich R** lived in his estate Nenaradovo. He had a daughter, Marya Gavrilovna, seventeen years old - slender, pale, brought up on French novels. She was considered a wealthy bride. A poor army ensign Vladimir stayed in the village on vacation. A romantic feeling arose between the young people. They corresponded, met secretly and decided according to the laws of French novels [...] ...
Part one. Milk-suckers Boer farm. Military field court. British officers sentence Boer David Potter to death for poisoning cavalry horses. A young man who suddenly appeared asks for a postponement of the execution for a huge cash deposit, but the judges are adamant, and the Boer is shot. The young man leaves with Paul, the son of the murdered man. It suddenly turns out that the young man is the famous Boer scout Jean Grandier, nicknamed [...] ...
J. de La Fontaine The Farmer and the Shoemaker The wealthy Farmer lives in magnificent mansions, eats sweetly, drinks deliciously. His treasures are innumerable, he gives banquets and feasts every day. In a word, he would live and be happy, but here's the trouble - the Farmer does not manage to sleep to his heart's content. At night, he cannot sleep, either because of the fear of ruin, or [...] ...
Part I Three dogs surrounded a mighty lone elk in a semicircle, pressed him against two fused trees. They did not come close - they were afraid of sharp horns and hooves. Odinets understood that the main danger came from the hunter, for whom the dogs had driven him into a trap. As soon as the hunter flashed between the trees, the elk rushed forward, killed two dogs and quickly disappeared into the thicket of the forest. […]...
At the end of 1811, Gavrila Gavrilovich R. lived in his estate Nenaradovo. Thanks to his cordiality and hospitality, he was well known in the local district. Guests constantly came not only to drink and eat, but also to look at his daughter Marya Gavrilovna, a seventeen-year-old girl. She was brought up on French romance novels and was in love with a poor […]...
A funny story of Boris Zbanduto, a student of the sixth grade "B" of one of the Moscow schools. Leaving on a business trip to Siberia, my father instructed me to buy a gift for my mother's birthday - he himself did not have time to return by the holiday. So ten rubles fell into my hands. I exchanged ten the next day. My bosom friend Sashka Smolin did not believe that [...] ...
After receiving a medical degree, Dr. Watson leaves to fight in Afghanistan. After being wounded, he returns to London. Being short of money, Watson is looking for an inexpensive apartment. A familiar paramedic introduces him to Sherlock Holmes, a chemical laboratory worker at the hospital, who has rented an inexpensive apartment and is looking for a companion, since he cannot afford to pay alone. Holmes is characterized as a decent person, [...] ...
Beginning of January. The businessman Kleterian arrives at the Einfried sanatorium, where consumptives are treated, with his wife Gabriela, who is ill with something pulmonary. Husband thinks it's a problem with the windpipe. The wife is young and charming, everyone in the sanatorium admires her appearance. The husband tells everyone how she gave birth to his son, but she herself fell ill and began to cough up blood. Cleterian is sure that […]
Wilde O. Covered with gold and precious stones, the sculpture of the Happy Prince stood on a column above the city. Everyone admired the beautiful statue. Once a Starling flew over the city - he left his beloved Reed, who was a homebody and did not share the love of travel, but only flirted with the Wind; he settled down for the night between the shoes of the Prince. Suddenly the bird felt […]
The composition of the work is built on the principle of a story within a story. The initial and final chapters are reflections and memoirs of the artist, the middle is the story of the main character about her life. The whole narration is conducted in the first person: the first and last parts - on behalf of the narrator, the middle - on behalf of the academician. The artist plans to paint a picture, but so far he cannot choose a theme [...] ...