Stop braking

Stop braking is more often used when descending obliquely. The skier transfers the weight of the body to the upper (sliding straight) ski, and puts the lower one in the stop position: the heel is to the side, the toes are held together, the ski is edged on the inner edge. An increase in the angle of abduction and tilting of the ski enhances braking. The body weight remains on the ski sliding straight (upper) throughout the entire braking, although the partial transfer of body weight to the ski, which is in support, will lead to a change in the direction of movement, i.e. to turn with emphasis. Sometimes this method is called "semi-plow" braking.

Pupils who have mastered braking with the "plow" well usually easily master braking with an emphasis. When studying this method, it is necessary to first imitate movements while standing still, taking the positions described several times. The learning methods and errors encountered during stop braking are similar to the errors encountered during "plough" braking. In the future, students should master braking on slopes in both directions (from different legs).

slip braking

Side slip braking (ski turn) is used when the athlete needs to stop and go down further down the slope, achieving side slip by skidding.

Braking is performed as follows. When descending obliquely, the skier squats slightly, then straightens up with a rather sharp push forward, relieving the load from the skis, placing them flatter and with a lateral movement. ankle joints brings the heels of the skis to the side. Help this counter rotary motion torso and shoulders, as well as additional support on a stick. After moving the backs of the skis to the side, the amount of braking force depends on the angle of tilting of the skis: for sharp braking or even a complete stop, it is necessary to put the skis across the slope and steeply on edge. To study braking by lateral slipping, lead-up exercises are used, which are used to turn on parallel skiing out of focus. When teaching girls this method of braking, very steep slopes must be avoided.

When driving on a slope at high speed with unexpected obstacles, it sometimes becomes necessary to brake sharply or even stop. If the distance to the obstacle is too short, the only way to prevent a collision is to deliberately fall. A controlled fall will reduce the possibility of injury and allow you to quickly get up and continue moving. Before falling, you need to sit down, and then fall (softly "falling over") back to the side - on the thigh and on the side. At the same time, the skis should be turned across the slope. It is better to scatter hands with sticks up the slope. From this position, sitting down, and then leaning on sticks, it is easy to get up and, turning the skis, continue moving down the slope.

In the event that the skis were crossed during the fall, it is necessary, turning over on your back, to raise your legs up and bring the skis to their normal position. Then again roll over on your side (ski across the slope) and stand up. In exceptional cases, when ski braking is not possible (in camping trip, on a walk - with deep snow cover), and falling is impractical, skiers can apply braking with sticks (one on the side, two on the side, two between the skis). These methods will help to slightly reduce the speed in case of unforeseen circumstances. IN cross-country skiing such methods of braking are not used.

stick braking

They are used in cases where it is not possible or it is irrational to brake with skis. This method allows you to only slightly slow down, for example, to avoid a collision with a skier in front of you coming down the slope. For braking, sticks are vigorously pressed against the snow, be sure to hold them with rings (legs, segments) back and closer to the body. The braking effect depends on the amount and duration of pressure on the sticks. With their separation from the snow, the braking action ends.

Fall braking

The fall stop is used in emergency cases when you need to quickly stop the descent. To do this, you need to sit down as low as possible and fall to one side, throwing your hands with sticks back, spread out, put your skis across the direction of the descent and, resting them on the snow, slow down further slipping. A typical mistake is a fall without first grouping the body, which can lead to bruises.

Braking is applied when it is necessary to reduce speed or to stop completely. The main methods of braking include: braking by changing the descent post, “plow”, “semi-plow”, emphasis, braking with sticks, braking by falling. Consider the technique for performing these methods of braking.

Braking by changing the descent rack. This method is used on the rollout when descending from the mountains by changing the stance. For example, from a low stance, a skier moves to the main stance, and then to a high stance, changing the angle of bending the legs in knee joints and straightening the body.

Rice. 28. Plow braking

The same thing happens when the heels of the skis are spread to the sides: the wider the “plow”, the stronger the braking. The angle of spread of the skis and their loading depend on the speed of the skier on the descent, the required braking and the nature of the snow cover.

Braking "semi-plow"- a kind of braking "plow". It is used only on gentle descents, on the plain or rolling out from the slopes and in the presence of ski tracks. It is carried out as follows: one ski remains in the track, the other performs the same movements as when braking with a “plough”.

Stop braking(Fig. 29). This method is used when descending obliquely or on a flat rolled slope, as well as for a sharp stop on the plain.

Fig.29. Stop braking

When braking when descending obliquely, the skier transfers the weight of the body to the upper (along the slope) ski, puts the other ski on the inner edge with the heel to the side (to the stop position) and brakes. When braking, the toes of the skis are at the same level to avoid turning. An increase in the angle of abduction and tilting of the ski enhances braking. Stops braking when the ski is put in its original position (parallel).

When braking on the plain, the weight of the body is transferred to the inner ski, and the outer ski is sharply taken away with the heel to the side and turned over.

The toe of the outer ski is pushed forward a little, the skier is turned around, after turning the inner ski is attached to the outer one.

Stick braking. This method is used only at low speeds. The skier with a sharp blow puts the sticks forward, as if starting from them. The hands are slightly further apart than when performing ski moves.

Intentional fall braking(Fig. 30). This method is used in exceptional cases, when an obstacle suddenly appears on the descent, and the distance to it is too short and it is necessary to stop urgently so as not to get injured.

The way to safely fall is as follows: before falling, you need to sit down, and then fall, as if successively sitting in the snow back - to the side - on the thigh and on the side. At the same time, the skis should be turned across the slope. Spread your arms to the sides, throw the rings of sticks back.

Rice. 30. Fall braking: A - a fall; b - getting up

There are several ways to get up after a fall: 1) sit down, bend your legs, lean on sticks and, holding your skis on the ribs across the slope, stand up; 2) with one hand, grasp the handles of the sticks, with the other - the sticks at the rings (legs), push off and stand up; 3) place the skis in parallel, push off the slope with your hands and stand up - fig. 30b.

If the skis were crossed during the fall, it is necessary to roll over on your back, raise your legs up and bring the skis to the normal position. Then roll over on your side, place your skis across the slope and stand up.

Downhill braking is a necessary measure to reduce speed. Usually skiers pass the track without braking. It is necessary to resort to braking in the event of an unexpected obstacle, a fall of the participant in front, interference from the audience, due to poor preparation of the track or an insufficient level of preparedness of the athlete.

Plow braking(Fig. 20) is used on slopes of various steepness, in hiking and walking. This is the most effective way, which allows you to significantly reduce the speed on the slope or even stop, but is rarely used in cross-country skiing - the strongest skiers practically do not use it.

Plow braking is performed as follows. When descending in the main stance, the skier springily straightens his legs at the knees and, slightly “tossing” the body up (easing pressure on the heels of the skis), with strong pressure, with a sliding movement, spreads the skis with his heels to the side. Skis stand on the inner ribs (ski edges), and their socks remain together; the knees are brought together, the weight of the body is distributed evenly on both skis, and the torso is slightly tilted back, and the arms take a position, as when descending in the main stance. Increasing the angle of breeding skis and setting them more on the ribs significantly increase braking.

Stop braking(Fig. 21)

more often used when descending obliquely. The skier transfers the weight of the body to the upper (sliding straight) ski, and puts the lower one in the stop position: the heel is to the side, the toes are held together, the ski is edged on the inner edge. An increase in the angle of abduction and tilting of the ski enhances braking. The body weight remains on the ski sliding straight (upper) throughout the entire braking, although the partial transfer of body weight to the ski, which is in support, will lead to a change in the direction of movement, i.e. to turn with emphasis. Sometimes this method is called "semi-plow" braking.

Side slip braking(ski turn) is used when the athlete needs to stop and go down further down the slope, achieving lateral sliding due to the skis turning.

Braking is performed as follows. When descending obliquely, the skier squats slightly, then straightens up with a rather sharp push forward, relieving the load from the skis, placing them flatter and moving the heels of the skis to the side with a lateral movement of the ankle joints. This is helped by the counter rotational movement of the torso and shoulders, as well as additional support on the stick. After moving the backs of the skis to the side, the amount of braking force depends on the angle of tilting of the skis: for sharp braking or even a complete stop, it is necessary to put the skis across the slope and steeply on edge.

When driving on a slope at high speed with unexpected obstacles, it sometimes becomes necessary to brake sharply or even stop. If the distance to the obstacle is too short, the only way to prevent a collision is to deliberate fall. A controlled fall will reduce the possibility of injury and allow you to quickly get up and continue moving. Before falling, it is necessary to sit down, and then fall (softly “falling over”) back to the side - on the thigh and on the side. At the same time, the skis should be turned across the slope. It is better to scatter hands with sticks up the slope. From this position, sitting down, and then, leaning on sticks, it is easy to get up and, turning the skis, continue moving down the slope.

In the event that the skis were crossed during the fall, it is necessary, turning over on your back, to raise your legs up and bring the skis to their normal position. Then again roll over on your side (ski across the slope) and stand up. In exceptional cases, when ski braking is not possible (on a hiking trip, on a walk - with deep snow cover), and falling is impractical, skiers can apply braking with sticks (one on the side, two on the side, two between the skis). These methods will help to slightly reduce the speed in case of unforeseen circumstances. In cross-country skiing, such braking methods are not used.

Types of braking on skis .

Downhill braking is a necessary measure to reduce speed. Usually skiers pass the track without braking. It is necessary to resort to braking in the event of an unexpected obstacle, a fall of the participant in front, interference from the audience, due to poor preparation of the track or an insufficient level of preparedness of the athlete.

Plow braking it is used on slopes of various steepness, in hiking and walking. This is the most effective way, which allows you to significantly reduce the speed on the slope or even stop, but it is rarely used in cross-country skiing - the strongest skiers practically do not use it.

Plow braking is performed as follows. When descending in the main stance, the skier springily straightens his legs at the knees and, slightly “tossing” the body up (easing pressure on the heels of the skis), with strong pressure, with a sliding movement, spreads the skis with his heels to the side. Skis stand on the inner ribs (ski edges), and their socks remain together; the knees are brought together, the weight of the body is distributed evenly on both skis, and the torso is slightly tilted back, and the arms take a position, as when descending in the main stance. Increasing the angle of breeding skis and setting them more on the ribs significantly increase braking.

Braking training is carried out according to the generally accepted scheme (story - demonstration - explanation), then the students perform imitation of movements in this method of braking. First, out of the blue, after the show and the story, the schoolchildren take a working position (the position of the “plow”) several times and perform springy semi-squats. The teacher checks the correctness of the accepted position. Then, on a slope of medium steepness, the schoolchildren alternately perform braking, taking a pose immediately after the start of movement on the top of the mountain, and maintain this position until the end of the descent or until they stop.

Having mastered uniform braking, you can move on to regulating the braking force by spreading or bringing the heels of the skis together. Further, braking is improved on a mountain marked with landmarks that indicate a part of the slope that is passed without braking, the place of its beginning, end or complete stop. By changing these distances, it is possible to complicate or facilitate the task, depending on the preparedness of the students.

Then the students perform braking at the command of the teacher. Gradually, you can move on to improving braking on steeper slopes and on descents with changing terrain. In schoolchildren, when studying this method of inhibition, the following are most often encountered:mistakes : crossing ski toes; skiing flat, not on the ribs; uneven pressure on both skis, which leads to a change in direction of movement; insufficient breeding of ski heels; slightly bent and not reduced knees, etc.

To correct mistakes, again several times take the position of the "plow" on level ground. Further, braking by the “plow” is repeated and improved on slopes of different steepness, with changing terrain and different depths of snow cover. Attention should be paid to firmly holding the skis in the plow position, especially the socks, in order to avoid them colliding with each other.

Stop braking more often used when descending obliquely. The skier transfers the weight of the body to the upper (sliding straight) ski, and puts the lower one in the stop position: the heel is to the side, the toes are held together, the ski is edged on the inner edge. An increase in the angle of abduction and tilting of the ski enhances braking. The body weight remains on the ski sliding straight (upper) throughout the entire braking, although the partial transfer of body weight to the ski, which is in support, will lead to a change in the direction of movement, i.e. to turn with emphasis. Sometimes this method is called "semi-plow" braking.

Pupils who have mastered braking with the “plow” well usually easily master braking with an emphasis. When studying this method, it is necessary to first imitate movements while standing still, taking the positions described several times. The learning methods and errors encountered when braking with a stop are similar to the errors encountered when braking with a “plough”. In the future, students should master braking on slopes in both directions (from different legs).

Side slip braking (ski turn) it is used when the athlete needs to stop and go down further down the slope, achieving lateral sliding due to the edge of the skis.

Braking is performed as follows. When descending obliquely, the skier squats slightly, then straightens up with a rather sharp push forward, relieving the load from the skis, placing them flatter and moving the heels of the skis to the side with a lateral movement of the ankle joints. This is helped by the counter rotational movement of the torso and shoulders, as well as additional support on the stick. After moving the backs of the skis to the side, the amount of braking force depends on the angle of tilting of the skis: for sharp braking or even a complete stop, it is necessary to put the skis across the slope and steeply on edge. To study braking by lateral sliding, lead-up exercises are used, which are used to turn on parallel skis from the stop. When teaching girls this method of braking, it is necessary to avoid very steep slopes.

When driving on a slope at high speed with unexpected obstacles, it sometimes becomes necessary to brake sharply or even stop. If the distance to the obstacle is too short, the only way to prevent a collision is todeliberate fall . A controlled fall will reduce the possibility of injury and allow you to quickly get up and continue moving. Before falling, it is necessary to sit down, and then fall (softly “falling over”) back to the side - on the thigh and on the side. At the same time, the skis should be turned across the slope. It is better to scatter hands with sticks up the slope. From this position, sitting down, and then leaning on sticks, it is easy to get up and, turning the skis, continue moving down the slope.

In the event that the skis were crossed during the fall, it is necessary, turning over on your back, to raise your legs up and bring the skis to their normal position. Then again roll over on your side (ski across the slope) and stand up. In exceptional cases, when ski braking is not possible (on a hiking trip, on a walk - with deep snow cover), and falling is impractical, skiers can apply braking with sticks (one on the side, two on the side, two between the skis). These methods will help to slightly reduce the speed in case of unforeseen circumstances. In cross-country skiing, such braking methods are not used.

Braking

Mastery of all methods of braking allows you to intelligently regulate the speed of descent and quickly stop at the desired place.

Rice. 86.

Semi-plow braking (one-sided stop) is practiced mainly when descending obliquely down the slope. For braking, the footplate of the ski, located below the slope, is taken to the side, and the ski is placed on the edge; the second ski slides in the direction of travel.

For sharper braking, it is necessary to press the heel of the boot even more to take the heel of the lower ski, put it steeper on the edge and increase the pressure (Fig. 86).

Rice. 87

Plow braking (double-sided stop) is used on slopes of medium and small steepness with straight descents: holding the socks together, spread the heels of the skis to the sides and put the skis on the inner ribs, which is achieved by bringing the knees closer together and transferring the weight to the heels. To enhance the braking efficiency, the heels of the skis should be further apart and placed more steeply on the inner ribs (Fig. 87).

Rice. 88

Braking with sticks is used when descending obliquely to the slope or when descending straight. To do this, stick the sticks put together with pins into the snow and, increasing the indentation, slow down the movement. The hand closest to the slope wraps around the stick from above. and the other - below (Fig. 88). Braking with sticks between the legs is not desirable for a number of reasons, including because of the possibility of breakage of the sticks.

The fall stop is used in emergency cases when you need to quickly stop the descent. To do this, you need to sit down as low as possible and fall to one side, throwing your hands with sticks back, spread out, put your skis across the direction of the descent and, resting them on the snow, slow down further slipping. A typical mistake is a fall without preliminary grouping of the body, which can lead to bruises (Fig. 89).

Rice. 89. Fall stop: a - squat before falling; b - the position of the fallen skier at the moment of stopping.

turns

A heavy backpack behind your back and bindings that do not provide a rigid fixation of the boot do not allow you to use the turns that are widespread among skiers. Tourists-skiers use the simplest turns: stepping over, from the position of a plow and a semi-plow.

The stepover turn is used at low speed on gentle slopes and in any type of snow cover. It is reminiscent of skating, where stronger pushes are made with the foot located on the outside of the turning arc. To do this, you need to transfer the weight of the body to the ski, which will be "outer" when turning, and slightly sit on it, pull up and turn the other ski in the right direction, transfer the weight of the body to it and, sliding on this (inner) ski, pull up the other. Stepping in motion can be performed by moving aside not the toe, but the heels of the skis. This method is usually used when driving in the forest and bushes.

Rice. 90. Turning with a semi-plow (left) and a plow: a - the beginning of ski loading; b - continuing to increase the load on the ski until the turn is completed.

Turning from the plow position (fig. 90) is usually applied after slowing down the speed of descent on slopes of medium steepness in any snow type. To turn, for example, to the left, you need to transfer the weight of the body to the right foot, put the ski steeply on the edge, and unload the left and, pulling up the heel, put it parallel to the right.

Turning from the semi-plow position (Fig. 90) is carried out at higher speeds and steep slopes, when the direction of movement must be changed in smooth turns. It is more convenient to start it from the descent obliquely to the slope: the heel of the unloaded "upper" ski should be taken aside, the ski should be placed on the edge and the weight of the body should be transferred to it, and the "lower" should be placed flat on the snow and the heel should be pulled up, due to which the turn is carried out .

Getting up after falling down. Skiers must learn to get up after falls on the slopes. The first rule is that the help of comrades who has fallen, especially a woman, is obligatory.

Rice. 91. Getting up when falling on a slope with dense snow: 1 - the sticks are grabbed by the hand from below; 2 - the same from above.

When falling on slopes with deep and loose snow cover, when reliance on sticks has no effect (they fall into the snow under load), it is most reasonable to remove the backpack, turn around so that the skis are below the body and perpendicular to the slope line, group the body and, leaning stand up on sticks laid together on the snow, shake off the snow and put on a backpack, attempts to get up in such conditions without removing the backpack are usually unsuccessful, and a lot of time and effort is wasted.

On a slope with hard snow, you should pull the skis to the body, firmly rest them in the snow and, leaning on sticks stacked together, rise (Fig. 91). Strong skiers do it without taking off their pack.