Big psychological encyclopedia. A
Jost's law
- an empirical pattern discovered in 1895 by A. Jost, according to which, with an equal probability of reproducing meaningless information from memory, older information is forgotten more slowly and requires fewer repetitions when finishing learning. This pattern is based on the mechanism of transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory.
Dictionary of practical psychologist. — M.: AST, Harvest. S. Yu. Golovin. 1998 .
Jost's law
, Specificity.According to this law, with an equal probability of reproducing meaningless information from memory, older information is forgotten more slowly and requires fewer repetitions when finishing learning.
Mechanisms.This process is due to the transfer of information from short-term memory to long-term memory.
Literature.Jost A. Die Assoziationsfestigkeit in ihrer Abhandigkeit von der Verteilung der Wiederholung // Zeitsch. Psychol. 1897, 14
Psychological Dictionary. THEM. Kondakov. 2000 .
Yost's law Yost's law Yost's law is an empirical pattern discovered in 1895 by A. Yost - according to which, with an equal probability of reproduction - from the memory of meaningless information, older information is more slowly forgotten and requires fewer repetitions when finishing learning. Mechanism, l
,JOST'S LAW
(English) Jost's law) is an empirical regularity discovered in 1895, in the study memorization meaningless verbal material. psychologist Adolf Jost. According to Z. Y., with equal probability playback older information: 1) is forgotten more slowly and 2) requires fewer repetitions when teaching. The action of Z. Y. is explained by differences short-term And long-term memory. Cm. Ebbinghaus G.
Addendum: A trace follows from Z. Y., useful rules for students: the sooner you start preparing for the exam, the better; You need to learn more important stuff first. One can hope that the regularity revealed on meaningless material is also valid for a meaningful text (the opposite is less likely). Dr. variants of the name of the law that can be found in Russian-language literature: "Jost's law", "Jost's law". (B. M.)
Big psychological dictionary. — M.: Prime-EVROZNAK. Ed. B.G. Meshcheryakova, acad. V.P. Zinchenko. 2003 .
Jost's Law (English Jost "s law)- an empirical pattern, discovered in 1895, when studying the memorization of meaningless verbal material in German. psychologist Adolf Jost.
According to the JOST Law, with an equal probability of reproduction, older information: is forgotten more slowly and requires fewer repetitions when relearning. The operation of Yost's Law is explained by the differences between short-term and long-term memory. Cm . Ebbinghaus G .
Addendum : The following follow from the JOST Law, useful rules for students: the sooner you start preparing for the exam, the better; You need to learn more important stuff first. One can hope that the regularity revealed on meaningless material is also valid for a meaningful text (the opposite is less likely). Dr. variants of the name of the law that can be found in Russian-language literature: "Jost's law", "Jost's law". (B. M.)
Psychological dictionary. A.V. Petrovsky M.G. Yaroshevsky
Dictionary of psychiatric terms. V.M. Bleikher, I.V. Crook
there is no meaning and interpretation of the word
Neurology. Full Dictionary. Nikiforov A.S.
there is no meaning and interpretation of the word
Oxford Dictionary of Psychology
there is no meaning and interpretation of the word
subject area of the term
JOST'S LAW - an empirical pattern discovered in 1895. A. Yost, according to which, with an equal probability of reproducing meaningless information from memory, older information is forgotten more slowly and requires fewer repetitions when finishing learning. This pattern is based on the mechanism of transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory. (S.Yu. Golovin)
Jost's law
An empirical pattern discovered in 1895 by A. Jost, according to which, with an equal probability of reproducing meaningless information from memory, older information is more slowly forgotten and requires fewer repetitions when finishing learning. This pattern is based on the mechanism of transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory.
Dictionary of practical psychologist. - M.: AST, Harvest. S. Yu. Golovin. 1998 .
Specificity.According to this law, with an equal probability of reproducing meaningless information from memory, older information is forgotten more slowly and requires fewer repetitions when finishing learning.
Mechanisms.This process is due to the transfer of information from short-term memory to long-term memory.
Literature.Jost A. Die Assoziationsfestigkeit in ihrer Abhandigkeit von der Verteilung der Wiederholung // Zeitsch. Psychol. 1897, 14
Psychological Dictionary. THEM. Kondakov. 2000 .
JOST'S LAW
(English) Jost's law) - an empirical pattern discovered in 1895, in the study memorization meaningless verbal material. psychologist Adolf Jost. According to Z. Y., with equal probability playback older information: 1) is forgotten more slowly and 2) requires fewer repetitions when teaching. The action of Z. Y. is explained by differences short-term And long-term memory. Cm. Ebbinghaus G.
Addendum: A trace follows from Z. Y., useful rules for students: the sooner you start preparing for the exam, the better; You need to learn more important stuff first. One can hope that the regularity revealed on meaningless material is also valid for a meaningful text (the opposite is less likely). Dr. variants of the name of the law that can be found in Russian-language literature: "Jost's law", "Jost's law". (B. M.)
Big psychological dictionary. - M.: Prime-EVROZNAK. Ed. B.G. Meshcheryakova, acad. V.P. Zinchenko. 2003 .
See what "Jost's law" is in other dictionaries:
Jost's law- an empirical pattern discovered in 1895 by A. Jost, according to which, with an equal probability of reproducing meaningless information from memory, older information is forgotten more slowly and requires a smaller number when finishing learning ... ... Psychological Dictionary
See Yost's Law Psychological Dictionary. THEM. Kondakov. 2000...
- (English Jackson's law) an empirical generalization, according to which the degree of "resistance" of a mental function to its disorder is directly related to the evolutionary antiquity of this function. In other words, recently evolved cognitive functions ... ... Great Psychological Encyclopedia
See Yost's Law. Big psychological dictionary. Moscow: Prime EUROZNAK. Ed. B.G. Meshcheryakova, acad. V.P. Zinchenko. 2003 ... Great Psychological Encyclopedia
- (1850 1909) German psychologist. Impressed by Fechner's psychophysics, he realized the idea of a quantitative and experimental study of not only the simplest mental processes (sensations), but also memory ("On Memory", 1885). The source material for these ... ... Great Psychological Encyclopedia
- (1870 1920) German psychologist. Biography. Worked in Göttingen. Research. Specialist in the field of experimental psychology. Author of Yost's law. Psychological dictionary. THEM. Kondakov. 2000... Great Psychological Encyclopedia
There are two main ways of learning: concentrated and distributed. Concentrated learning – a method of memorization in which the material is memorized in one step, and repetitions follow one after the other.Distributed learning – rational way of learning. in which repetitions are separated by time intervals. Jost rule: from two associations of the same strength (i.e., giving an equal number of guesses), but different ages, the new repetition better updates the older association. General conclusion: if the material is such that it can be memorized with a small number of repetitions, then the method of concentrated memorization should be used; if necessary big number repetitions, then the method of distributed learning is more economical.
17. The influence of the nature (similarities, differences, meaningfulness) of the material on memorization. Von Restorf effect.
An important role is played by the degree of similarity or difference between the elements of the memorized material. Similar elements are those that have common features, the similarity is higher, the more such features. For example, two syllables RON and HON (common letters), two squares of different sizes (according to the shape), two concepts “wardrobe” and “table” (belonging to the general category “furniture”) are similar. Experimental studies of the effect of material similarity have shown that the number of trials required to achieve the same learning criterion increases with increasing similarity between material items 2
The German psychologist A. von Restorff studied the memorization of a series in the case when the elements of the material are heterogeneous, for example, numbers alternate in various proportions with syllables and graphic symbols. She used three types of rows, each presented at 1 day intervals and played back 10 minutes after memorization: Based on the results, the following was formulated general rule, named von Restorf effect: heterogeneous elements included in a series with a noticeable predominance of homogeneous elements are better preserved than homogeneous elements, regardless of the nature of the material.
19. Phenomena of retroactive interference and reminiscence.
Retroactive interference is the deterioration in the retention of material caused by the learning of other material that occurs between learning and determining its retention.
Retroactive interference is the result of the interaction of many variables. Consider: Similarities between the two tasks, Degree of learning, Amount of material
Experimental studies.
1. Retroactive interference was discovered by Müller and Pilzeker. The subjects of the experimental group (EG) memorized material A → memorized material B → reproduced material A. The subjects of the control group (CG) did the same, only
without material B. Conclusion: the formula of absolute retroactive interference (ARI) ARI = CG - EG and the formula of relative retroactive interference (RRI) CG - EG / CG
20. Memory changes in Korsakov's syndrome.
The crudest forms of amnesia were first described by the Russian scientist S.S. Korsakov and received the name korsakov's syndrome. This memory disorder is observed with multiple neuritis, i.e. simultaneous inflammation and rebirth of many nerve fibers often caused by alcohol abuse. Patients remember well what happened to them before the illness, but they forget everything that happened to them most recently. If you interrupt the story of such a patient, then he immediately forgets what he was talking about, and may begin to repeat everything that has already been said. Although the horizons of such patients are narrowed, their reasoning is correct and logical, although the direction of the train of thought is often subject to external influences. This syndrome is a typical case of retrograde amnesia, since memory is limited to what was before the onset of the disease, although some memory of the onset of the disease may remain. Korsakov noted that the disease affects the memory unevenly, which becomes especially noticeable in the process of recovery of such patients - some substructures are restored faster than others.
