Parachutist's Day in Russia. Parachutist's Day in Russia Short congratulations on the Parachutist's Day
Parachutes have saved tens of thousands of human lives during their existence. Millions of people in the world and our country use them, some out of professional necessity, some out of love for thrills. The accumulated experience makes it possible to constantly improve the design of parachutes and increase the possibility of their use.
Story
It is well known that Russia is the birthplace of the parachute. Since the Russian inventor Kotelnikov created the first workable model of this very useful device. A patent for a parachute was issued to him in 1911. However, the parachute began to enjoy active popularity already in the Soviet period. At the same time, mass parachuting began to develop.
The beginning of the parachute era in our country dates back to 1930, when a group of pilots performed the first group jump in Russian history. Since then, our paratroopers have made tens of millions of jumps from airplanes, airships, balloons, helicopters, and hang gliders. But it was the date of July 26 that remained in the history of Russian parachuting. So the choice of it as an unofficial holiday for professionals and ordinary skydiving enthusiasts is by no means accidental.
Traditions
In fact, much has to do with the parachute more people than might be expected. Jumps with him make:
- athletes and rescuers;
- firefighters and paratroopers;
- special forces and extreme sports enthusiasts;
- pilots of all types of aviation and astronauts.
Therefore, albeit not officially, the Day of the Parachutist is celebrated in Russia very widely. Mostly in a professional environment, of course.
By this date, all skydivers are trying to coincide with their anniversary jumps (many athletes already have a personal account of thousands). At the airfields of civil aviation and the military, massive demonstration performances. The most outstanding masters of skydiving make jumps on July 26, with applications for world records for landing accuracy, long jump duration, drop height, etc.
Often, it is on a festive date that the first “export” of beginners is carried out for their first jump. And, of course, all these events gather a lot of spectators from among relatives, friends and relatives of skydivers and just fans of this spectacular sport.
Dreams of flying have been visited by romantics, extreme people and experimenters since ancient times. Many people, trying to conquer the sky, becoming like birds, died. But irrepressible imagination, an inquisitive mind and ingenuity allowed mankind to find a way to find out the beauty of soaring. The parachute was the best device for this. The daredevils who decide to make a jump with him receive well-deserved congratulations on July 26.
history of the holiday
The first parachute was invented by Gleb Kotelnikov. He was a self-taught technician who could not accept the many tragic outcomes that ended aviation flights. It was a lightweight design that fit in a satchel. The latter was with the pilot during the entire flight. Practice has shown that the functions of the parachutes were trouble-free. Modern means for flights have become widespread. They are used by the military, athletes, pilots.
The developer Kotelnikov wanted to patent his invention on October 27, 1911. But the Ministry of Military Affairs, to which he applied, did not appreciate the importance of the design, the proposal of the technician was rejected. The inventor continued development. In 1923, he created a new, improved model, and later another one. The patent was issued on the third attempt in July 1924. Later, the scientist developed a cargo parachute, characterized by a large dome with a diameter of 12 m. It allowed lowering loads with a total weight of 300 kg. Two years later, all the achievements of Kotelnikov were given to the government. Three years later, parachutes were recognized as an integral part of aviation.
By the second half of 1931, paratroopers from the USSR made about 600 jumps. These were demonstration, training flights. Some of them were carried out in water and on snow. The instructors conquered long jumps that are common today. This is how parachuting appeared, which was fond of not only men, but also the fair sex. The first Soviet woman to conquer the sky was V. Kuleshova. She flew on July 14, 1931. The date of July 26 was chosen to honor paratroopers for a reason. On this day back in 1930, the first group jump was made, during which the instructors hovered at a great height.
The dream of flying has always haunted both romantics and extreme people. Many brave experimenters have died in search of a way to soar in the clouds. The indefatigable imagination and inquisitiveness of the mind of outstanding personalities allowed mankind to learn the delights of flight.
But someone is watching with a dream in mind and heart for the unhurried heavenly soaring of birds from the earth. Someone had the courage to climb the ladder of the plane and watch the process through the window. But the most courageous were lucky to feel the delights of flight and make a parachute jump. It is to such daredevils that the Parachutist's Day holiday, which is celebrated annually on July 26, is dedicated.
Skydiver's Day in Russia: the history of the holiday
For people who have known the delights of skydiving, this activity has become not just a hobby, but a part of life.
They, having once stepped into the abyss of heaven, cannot refuse repeated jumps. Every year, there are more and more people who want to soar in the clouds under the sky dome.
Skydiving is offered by many entertainment organizations. It has become not only an attribute of the military and athletes, but also a hobby of many people.
It is for athletes, military men, amateurs who have connected their lives with the skies and extreme flights, that is, jumping, that Skydiver's Day has become festive.
However, this holiday has not yet been approved at the state level. Among skydivers it is customary to celebrate the holiday on July 26th. This is the day when, in 1930, Soviet paratroopers first made a group jump and hovered in the sky under parachute canopies.
It was this event that became a key event in the further development of parachuting and the beginning of a mass enthusiasm for Russians.
History of the parachute
It is impossible to list how many people have tried to create devices that can keep a person in the sky.
Some engineers, mechanics, because of their own experiments, parted with the most precious thing - life. But the search continued, and the solution was still found.
It is said that the drawings of the first parachute prototype belong to Leonardo da Vinci.
But for some reason, they were not immediately implemented and the first design that allowed a person to make a successful parachute jump arose in the 18th century. The daredevil who decided to jump from a height of 700 meters was the Frenchman Garnerin. He stepped out of the balloon and landed safely.
His niece owns the first female experience of air jumping. The parachutist girl was able to make 60 jumps with an air dome.
Despite the spread of an unusual hobby for those times, the design remained unchanged for more than a century.
And only at the beginning of the 20th century did it acquire the outlines familiar to us. In the future, a knapsack appears, which allows not only to conveniently move the parachute, but also provides for the presence of all the possibilities for opening the dome. The impetus for inventions in the field of parachuting was the rapid development of aviation.
The era of parachuting begins after the demonstration group jumps made by Soviet paratroopers.
The parachute has long been a mandatory attribute of all pilots. All new inventions belong to Gleb Kotelnikov, a self-taught technician. It was he who designed a light parachute, packed in a satchel.
The designer could not look indifferently at the tragic outcomes of aviation flights and set a goal to come up with a unique device.
However, the bureaucratic state machine did not appreciate the first works of the designer, provided by Kotelnikov in 1911 as RK-1.
Only the third model with a knapsack was patented in 1924.
The designer owns many unique developments, including a cargo parachute, thanks to which it is possible to lower loads weighing up to 300 kg. But all his inventions were donated to the government.
And already in 1929, by decision of the government, the parachute became an obligatory attribute of pilots and all people associated with aeronautics.
Today, parachutes are used in the army, sports, and aviation. Clubs and organizations have been created where amateur skydivers are united. With the use of parachutes, competitions and demonstration performances are held.
Records and interesting facts about parachutes
When jumping from an airplane, a parachutist develops a speed of 180 km / h until the parachute opens.
One minute a person in the air before the start of soaring with an open canopy flies 3 km.
Despite claims that skydiving is safe, for every 4,000 skydiver, the hobby ends in disaster.
Albert Berry was the first skydiver to jump from an airplane.
To do this, in 1912 he had to get out of the aircraft on the chassis.
And the first domestic experience of such a jump belongs to Captain Sokolov, who made it on May 17, 1917.
Felix Baumgartner is called the most desperate skydiver, who stepped into the blue abyss from a height of 38,600 m. During the fall, he developed a speed of 1342 km / h.
If you think that skydiving is the lot of the young and desperate, you are greatly mistaken.
One of the records belongs to a 97 year old man.
He made such a peculiar gift to himself on his own birthday, jumping, accompanied by an instructor, from a height of three hundred meters.
But the American Dorothy Custer was able to beat this record. She jumped off the highest cliff in Cyprus when she was 102 years old.
The most extreme record belongs to the Japanese. In order to get into the Guinness Book, they came up with a dangerous trick called "Banzai". This fun involves throwing a parachute out of an airplane. The parachutist must catch it in flight, put it on and, if all the stages go well, finally pull the ring.
The lucky one, who landed almost safely in an extreme situation, when neither the main nor the safety parachute opened, was American Shayna Richardson.
Before landing, the woman reached a speed of 80 km / h and after landing on the asphalt remained alive.
In addition, as it turned out, the woman was pregnant and subsequently gave birth to a healthy baby.
The record for the lowest jump belongs to the Englishman Spencer. The man had to jump out of a plane shot down by the Germans in 1945 from a height of only 12 meters. Despite the unacceptable height for jumping, the military pilot was able to land safely on the ground.
Skydiver's Day is an unofficial holiday of Soviet and Russian skydiving professionals and amateurs celebrated annually on July 26. The holiday is also celebrated in some post-Soviet states.
The date of July 26 became a public holiday for a reason. On this day in 1930, a group of paratrooper pilots hovered in the blue sky for the first time under white parachute umbrellas. A series of jumps into the sky was the beginning of a mass passion for this sport on Russian territory.
history of the holiday
In 1929, the brigade commander of the Red Army Air Force Leonid Grigorievich Minov, as part of the Soviet trade organization Amtorg, visited the plant of the Irvin company, where he got acquainted with the rescue parachutes produced by the plant and made several jumps. After returning to the USSR, Minov was appointed to the post of parachute training instructor for the Red Army Air Force and by the summer of 1930 he had conducted theoretical training for 30 volunteers of the 11th Aviation Brigade of the Moscow Military District.
On July 26, 1930, near Voronezh, 5 Soviet pilots and mechanics (Moshkovsky, Egorov, Zakharov, Kovalenkov, Kukharenko, Mukhin, Povalyaev, Poidus, Filippov, Freiman, Cherkashin), led by Minov, made a series of training jumps from an airplane for the first time in the USSR. For the jumps, American parachutes of the Irwin company, purchased as a result of Minov's trip to the USA, were used. In total, during the training camp from June 29 to 29, 59 training and demonstration parachute jumps were performed.
The first experience gained in 1930 gave impetus to the further development of parachuting in the Soviet Union. By the end of 1931, Soviet paratroopers had completed about 600 training and demonstration jumps. The hobby was so popular that "parachute towers" were installed in city parks of culture and recreation, from which anyone could jump.
About parachutes
It is assumed that the first version of this device, more similar to the modern one, was designed by Leonardo da Vinci. Subsequently, many scientists, mechanics and simply inquisitive people tried to assemble a structure that could withstand the weight of a person and enable him to jump from a height without harming his health and life.
The first most successful is considered to be a parachute jump, which was made at the end of the 18th century by the Frenchman Garnerin from a balloon that rose to a height of 700 meters. His niece, who became interested in jumping, became the first woman skydiver. She stepped into the blue sky with an air dome more than 60 times.
Over the next century, the design of the device did not change, despite the fact that jumping itself was a very popular pastime. The development of aviation gave a powerful impetus to the further improvement of the parachute. Already at the beginning of the 20th century, a satchel was designed for folding an air dome with all the mechanisms necessary to open it. Gradually, the parachute began to take on a modern look and became an increasingly safe flying device. After the first jumps made by a group of Soviet pilot-athletes in the USSR, a real parachute era began. Young people, carried away by the sky, created their own circles and associations. Parachuting was supported by the Soviet government in every possible way.
Not only demonstrative jumps continued, but also test jumps, on the basis of which changes were made to increase its safety.
Today, parachutes are sporting and military paraphernalia. They are used in military operations, aviation and sports. Jumps made in a year number in the tens of thousands, and the number of their fans is growing every year.
The tradition of celebrating the Day of the Parachutist goes back to the distant July 26, 1930, when several Soviet paratrooper pilots, led by B. Mukhortov, made a series of parachute jumps from aircraft for the first time in the country. This day is considered to be the birthday of Soviet parachuting. Skydiver's Day was approved not only formally, but also widely known and actively celebrated by skydivers themselves to this day.
Professional parachuting, which originated at the dawn of industrialization, developed at a rapid pace, and by the end of 1931, Soviet paratroopers had already made more than 600 training and demonstration jumps. Soviet paratroopers quickly improved their skills and set up more and more successful experiments. Just a year and a half after the first group jump, the first jump into the water was made. At the beginning of 1932, they were already jumping in deep snow and at night. Subsequently, the first long jumps from high altitude which later became widespread.
Soviet women were also actively engaged in parachuting. July 14, 1931 - the date of the first parachute jump in the USSR, made by a woman. The first Russian parachutist was V. Kuleshova.
A safe landing after a jump from a great height became possible thanks to the ingenious invention of mankind, who since ancient times dreamed of conquering the airspace - a parachute. The inventor of the first domestic parachute was Gleb Kotelnikov, an enthusiast and self-taught engineer, who from his youth dreamed of finding a means to prevent tragic outcomes and prevent human casualties as a result of air crashes and falls from great heights. The first parachute was packed into a satchel and came out very light. Thus, the pilot could use it at any time when the aircraft went out of action and the inevitability of a disaster. Kotelnikov's parachute was successfully tested and, logically, should have been accepted into mass production. In 1911, the self-taught inventor Kotelnikov patented his successful invention "RK-1", which stands for "Russian, Kotelnikov's first" and applied to the military ministry. However, as is often the case in Russia, the bureaucrats failed to implement it, not paying any attention to its extreme importance, and the breakthrough invention of the left-hander Kotelnikov was rejected with the stupid wording "as unnecessary."
Realizing the prospects of his product and its imminent demand, Kotelnikov continued to work after 1917. In 1923, he created a new model of the RK-2 backpack parachute, and later the RK-3, which was patented on July 4, 1924. After that, the inventor designs the RK-4 cargo parachute, the dome of which was 12 meters in diameter. This huge parachute was designed to lower loads weighing up to 300 kilograms. In 1926, the rights to all Kotelnikov's inventions were transferred to the Soviet government. And at the end of 1929, parachute training became mandatory for aeronautics as well. Takova Short story the birth of domestic parachuting, which gave the country a lot of heroes and brought its defense to a qualitatively new level, creating the prerequisites for the formation of a new unique type of troops - the Airborne Forces.
