On duty: AP attended a modest dinner at a convent. What do monks eat in monasteries, what do they cook? Fasting people are allowed shrimp and chocolate

Recently, I began to notice that when talking about products, dishes “monastic ...”, or “like a monastery ...”, people mean: “high-quality”, “real”, “delicious”. Honey, bread, lunch...

Observing it on purpose, it struck me that this trend is not only expanding, but is already being used by various product manufacturers, conscientious and not so good. Then the question arose: what is modern monastic food, monastic products? What stands behind the recognition of the consumer - traditional respect for the religious way of life, which excludes deceit and laziness, or the absence of intelligible state quality guidelines, the same GOSTs, for example?

For answers to these questions, we turned to Father Micah, Hieromonk of the Holy Danilov Monastery. The path that led this remarkable man to the church was not easy.

Our interlocutor
Hieromonk Micah, in the world Alexander Petrovich Gulevsky, was born on 11/22/1964 in Rostov-on-Don. After leaving school in 1980. entered the Rostov College of Arts, specialization "Accordion", graduated in 1984. 1984-1986 - military service in the Airborne Forces.

From 1987 to 1988 Father Mikhey served as a sexton in the temple, and in 1988. He entered the seminary and graduated in 1991. In the same year he entered the Trinity-Sergius Lavra as a novice, and in 1992 he was transferred to the Danilov Monastery.

Obedience in the monastery: 2 years in the icon shop, for 10 years since 1994. construction of a skete and apiary in the Ryazan region, since 2004. - a cellarer in the Danilov Monastery, currently an obedience in a honey shop, in 2 monastery shops, as well as in the department for making posters of spiritual and patriotic content by modern and classical artists.

Let's start with the fact that Father Mikhey was a paratrooper and knows the concept of "hot spot" firsthand. Already, while in the monastery, Father Mikhei performed difficult obediences: setting up a skete in the Ryazan region, organizing a monastery apiary, acting as a cellarer in the St. Danilov Monastery itself, and many others that I don’t know about.

As a result, we managed to build a picture of how a Russian Orthodox monastery lives today from questions and answers: what it produces, what it eats, whom and how it feeds.

website:It is known that the vast majority of monasteries in Rus' were self-sufficient in the production, storage and distribution of products. The monasteries owned gardens, fields, orchards, ponds and apiaries. Also, since ancient times, the tradition of feeding monastic products not only to the brethren, but also to workers, pilgrims, students, and guests has been preserved. Is this tradition alive in St. Daniel's Monastery today?

O. Mikhey: From a century in Rus', monasteries were not only centers of spiritual life, but also economic ones. Not only did they feed themselves, but they also carried out selection work, grew new varieties of plants, searched for and found new ways to store and preserve food. For many hundreds of years, monasteries not only fed themselves, but also widely helped those in need. As in normal times, and especially in war years, during lean periods, during epidemics.

There is no other way in the monastery: today the economy of the St. Danilov Monastery feeds up to 900 people daily. We have a little more than 80 brethren, almost 400 laity workers. And also pilgrims, guests of the monastery, those in need - every day the monastery kitchen, with God's help, provides food for all these people.

Most of the products we have are our own production. This is flour, from the monastic fields in the Ryazan region, and vegetables, and fruits, and honey. For the time being, we mainly buy fish, but we want to dig ponds in the same place, on the lands of the skete, and start raising fish. We keep cows - for butter, cottage cheese, milk. They don't eat meat in the monastery.

website:How did the revival of the monastic economy begin?

O. Mikhey: The revival of the monastic economy began from the moment it was handed over to the Church in 1983. Over the next five years, the monastery as a whole was restored, and the economy providing it began to function along with it. However, up to a truly independent structure that produces, preserves and nourishes - we are still just going to this all.

Until 1917, the monastery had vast lands, arable land, apiaries, and ponds. There were many good products. The monastery sold a lot, incl. in their own shops and shops. People have always loved them - both Muscovites and pilgrims. Then everything was destroyed, literally - to the ground.

But over the past 17 years, of course, a lot has been done. If you look back today, you see how much we, with God's help, have achieved! And we ourselves grow wheat on the monastery lands, grind flour, bake our famous muffin. And we grow and preserve all the vegetables we need: we preserve, sour, salt.

And now the monastery has more than one apiary - in the suburbs on the monastery farm, near Ryazan, near Anapa and from Altai, honey is also supplied from the apiaries of the Church of the Archangel Michael. Near Ryazan is the largest apiary. Now we have about 300 hives here, and during the season we manage to get more than 10 varieties of honey in apiaries. This is sweet clover, and linden, and buckwheat, and forest and field forbs honeys. Every new season, before the departure of the bees, special prayers are performed to consecrate the apiary, and the beekeepers receive a blessing for the upcoming work.

Honey is such a product - God's blessing. He should be treated that way. After all, if you put an apiary, for example, near the road, then there is nothing coming out of the exhaust pipes: both lead and all kinds of heavy metals. And the bees also collect all this and transfer it to honey. We are responsible before God for the fact that we have apiaries in good, ecologically clean places, and now we offer pure honey to people.

We love our people and want people to be healthy and beautiful and that children are born healthy. Beekeeping is a traditional Russian craft. Back in the 16th century, they said: "Russia is a country where honey flows." Almost every house was engaged in honey. It was also supplied abroad with wax. All Russian people ate honey. It is a necessary product for every person.

It is now customary for us to eat honey only when we are sick. Only this is wrong. Honey should be eaten three times a day: a spoonful in the morning, afternoon and evening. Honey contains everything the body needs, including vitamins. After all, honey is a natural product that people have been eating for centuries to improve their health. Warriors of the past on campaigns always had honey with them. Tasting it, they increased their strength before the upcoming battle.

They began to revive the tradition of monastic bread. People come for our pastries from all over Moscow and even from the Moscow region. A variety of pies, which are prepared according to old monastic recipes, are very popular. Made with passion and people love it!

From a sermon
The Kiev prince Izyaslav came to the Monk Theodosius, and after the conversation the guest was offered a monastic meal. Having tasted it, the Grand Duke was amazed at how tasty the simple monastic food was, that he did not have such dishes in the Grand Duke's palace. To this, the Monk Theodosius replied: “This happens because the food in our monastery is prepared with the blessing of the rector. Therefore, despite the simplicity, with the blessing of God, received through the blessing of the rector, it turns out to be so nutritious, healthy and tasty.

Sermon of the Vicegerent of the New Jerusalem Monastery, Hegumen Theophylact on the 20th Sunday after Pentecost. Great catch of fish.

Our parishioners and guests of the monastery really appreciate the fact that we use recipes not only from our monastery, but also from other holy places: for example, we have yeast-free bread baked according to Athos recipes, we eat bread from sisters from the Serpukhov Convent.

website:And all this is managed by a small brethren of St. Danilov Monastery?

O. Mikhey: Of course not! Lay workers and volunteers help us. There are really few monks, especially those who know how to work on earth. Many came to the monastery from the cities, some are not able to do physical labor. But work in honey apiaries is called "sweet hard labor" ...

Not everyone knows how much work has to be done to get good products on the table and the monastery.

website:Please tell us about the monastic food system. What products and dishes make up the monastic table for the brethren?

O. Mikhey: We do not come to the monastery to eat delicious food - we come to reach the Kingdom of Heaven through labor, prayers and obedience. The highest virtue is fasting, prayer, rejection of worldly temptations and obedience.

By the way, according to the monastic charter, there are about 200 fasting days a year. Fasts are divided into multi-day (Great, Petrovsky, Assumption and Christmas) and one-day (Wednesday, Friday of each week). It was during the days of abstinence from fast food that thousands of original, simple, accessible to the population dishes were developed in the monastery refectories.

Lunch menu for the brethren of St. Danilov Monastery

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
No post 7 No post 8 Oil 9 No post 10 Firs 11 No post 12 No post 13
Vegetable salad

squid salad

Sliced ​​cheese
Beet salad with mayonnaise

Sliced ​​cheese

Salad of cucumbers, eggs and greens. Luke
Vegetable salad

Daikon with carrots
Vegetable salad

Sliced ​​cheese

Salad with shrimp
Vegetable salad

Cabbage salad with carrots
Beet salad with mayonnaise

Greek salad

Sliced ​​cheese
Fish cut

Squid salad with egg
Soup Rassolnik cabbage soup Mushroom soup Soup with meatballs Pea soup ear Borsch
Fried fish

Pasta

tomato sauce
Fish fried in egg and breadcrumbs

Puree

bechamel sauce
Broccoli with onions and carrots

Buckwheat
Fish fried in egg and breadcrumbs

Pasta

tomato sauce
Ratatouille

Rice

tomato sauce
Fried perch

Pasta

tomato sauce
Fried pike perch

Mashed potatoes
Compote

Milk

Sour cream
Compote

Milk

Sour cream
- Compote

Milk

Sour cream
- Compote

Milk

Sour cream
-
Tea

Cookie

Apples
Tea

Cookie

Apples
Compote

Tea

Cookie

Apples
Tea

Cookie

Apples
Compote

Tea

Cookie

Apples
Tea

Candies

Apples
Morse

Tea

Candies

Apples

Dinner menu for the brethren of St. Danilov Monastery

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
No post 7 No post 8 Oil 9 No post 10 Firs 11 No post 12 No post 13
Vegetable salad Vegetable salad

Egg with mayonnaise
Lobio

Squash caviar
Salad of crab sticks rustic salad

Vegetable salad
Herring with onions and green peas

Vegetable salad
Tomato salad with onions

Egg with mayonnaise
Zrazy

Millet porridge

Sauce
Marinated fish

Rice
Potato meatballs

Stewed cabbage
Stuffed cabbage in a leaf Potatoes with mushrooms and onions Meatballs with sauce

Fried potatoes
Fried fish

Rice with vegetables
Compote

Milk

Sour cream
Compote

Milk

Sour cream
- Omelette - Compote

Milk

Sour cream
Compote

Milk

Sour cream
Cottage cheese casserole Syrniki - - - - Casserole
Tea

Candies
Cocoa

Candies
Tea

Candies

Compote
Tea

Candies

Compote
Tea

Candies

Compote
Tea

Candies
Tea

Candies

The main difference between the monastic table and the worldly table is that we do not eat meat. In the monastery they eat vegetables, cereals, dairy products, pastries and fish, mushrooms. A lot of sauerkraut, cucumbers, tomatoes, mushrooms are always prepared in the storerooms of the monastery.

The cellar supervises this, and the monk brothers and the laity workers do it. And it goes to the table for everyone without exception. According to the charter, the monks eat only twice a day: at lunch and at dinner. The cellar of the monastery especially makes sure that the meals are both tasty and varied and supportive - after all, the interval before meals is long, and no one sits idly by, everyone has their own housework - obedience.

The everyday menu usually consists of fish soup, if allowed on that day, pickle, vegetable, mushroom or milk soup, and fish with a side dish. For dessert - tea, compote or jelly, pies, cookies. The Sunday menu consists of fish borscht, fried fish with a side dish of mashed potatoes or rice with vegetables, fresh vegetables, cold cuts of fish and products from the monastery courtyard - cheese, sour cream and milk. On the holidays of Christmas and Easter, a festive menu is served at the meal.

We have Father Hermogenes - he was the cellar of the monastery for more than 10 years, so he even wrote a book about the monastery meal, "The Kitchen of Father Hermogenes." At the moment, the cellar in the monastery of Fr. Theognost. I was a cellarer for several years, and before that I carried out obedience in the construction of the skete, the restoration of the Church of the Archangel Michael, the care of apiaries, the bakery ...

Now I have an obedience - I offer monastic products for Muscovites, in a honey shop and 2 monastic stores "Monastyrsky honey" and "Monastic grocery store", where you can buy our products: honey, beekeeping products, honey jam, an assortment of fish, cereals, monastery pastries, yeast-free bread, pies, health products: alcohol-free balms, sbitni, teas, herbs.

And also I have an obedience in the department of making posters of spiritual and patriotic content by modern and classical artists.

website:We thank you, father Micah for your attention and story. We wish you joy in your work!

PRAYERS BEFORE AND AFTER EATINGFOOD

BEFORE TASTING

Our Father, Who art in heaven! Hallowed be Thy name, Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done, as in heaven and on earth. Give us our daily bread today; and forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors; and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one. The eyes of all in Thee, O Lord, trust, and You give them food in good time, You open Your generous hand and fulfill every animal goodwill.

AFTER TASTING

We thank Thee, Christ our God, for Thou hast satisfied us with Thy earthly blessings; do not deprive us of Your Heavenly Kingdom, but as if in the midst of Your disciples, Thou hast come, Savior, give them peace, come to us and save us.

SECRET PRAYER BEFORE EATING FOOD FOR THE UNMODERN IN DIET (prayer for weight loss)

I also pray to You, Lord, deliver me from satiety, voluptuousness and grant me in the peace of my soul to reverently accept Your generous gifts, so that by eating them, I will receive strengthening of my spiritual and bodily strength to serve You, Lord, in the little rest of my life on Earth.

Editor's note

Dear readers!

On November 28, Orthodox Christians begin the Nativity Fast. This is one of the four multi-day fasts in Orthodoxy, which prepares believers for the bright holiday of the Nativity of Christ. This post is less strict than the Great and Assumption, but even here questions arise: what can and cannot be eaten, what Orthodox holidays every believer must know about at this time, who are allowed relief, is there any benefit to the soul if you observe only physical fasting? Micah. These days about. Micah. And then at the meeting you will receive exhaustive answers to them.

Everyday life of a Russian medieval monastery Romanenko Elena Vladimirovna

Chapter 9 The Monastic Meal

Monastery meal

The charter of deanery

Since ancient times, there has been a saying in Rus': “With your charter, you don’t go to someone else’s monastery.” The charters of different cenobitic monasteries really differed greatly from each other. But, despite all the differences, there were a number of common strict rules that formed the basis of order in any cenobia. These rules included a mandatory common meal: everyone from the abbot to the novice had to eat at the common meal and not even keep drinking water in their cells.

This rule greatly distinguished cinnamon from a special monastery, where everyone ate separately, according to their personal wealth, as well as from a suite, where the monks received food from the abbot, but cooked their own food each separately and ate in their cells, with the exception of major holidays.

The rules of conduct at a common meal were the same for all monks. The first and main thing is to always be satisfied with the proposed "nature": "whatever they put, don't grumble about it." Food and drink were supposed to be the same for everyone and in equal quantities. The monks began to eat only after the abbot "lays his hand on the brush or drink." Everyone sat silently and attentively listened to the reader, who, with the blessing of the rector, read the lives of the saints or the writings of the holy fathers. For laughter and conversations in the refectory in the Volokolamsk monastery, they were punished with a penance of 50 prostrations or one day of dry eating. Only the rector, the cellarer and the servants were allowed to speak at the meal, and even then only about the necessary.

At the table, everyone looked in front of him, and not to the sides, he did not take anything from the other brother and did not put his own in front of him, so as not to lead the neighbor into the sin of gluttony. Those who showed inappropriate curiosity or concern for another monk, according to the charter of the Volokolamsk monastery, were punished with one day of dry eating or penance of fifty prostrations. The monk had to know “his satisfaction” (his measure) and “not to ask”, and also “not to ask for comfort (consolation, some kind of delicacy. - E.R.) or prigarinok ”(what burned and was not served on the table). In the event that the trapeznik himself (serving at the meal) offered an additive or some additional dish, it was supposed to quietly and humbly answer: “God's will, sir, and yours!” If the monk did not want an addition, he would say: “From me, sir” (that is, enough from me, sir).

Even if the monk was sick and could not eat what all the brethren ate, he did not dare to ask, but waited for the servant himself to ask him what he wanted. Hearing the question, the sick monk answered: "Give, for God's sake, this or that." If he didn’t want anything at all, then he would say: “I don’t want anything, sir” ( RSL. Und. No. 52. L. 365).

The following situation could well have happened in the monastery: the serviceman, out of forgetfulness or wanting to test the patience of his brother, carried around the monk, that is, did not give him any food or drink. There are many such stories in ancient patericons; in a similar way, the elders tested the patience not only of novice monks, but also of experienced ascetics. The Monk John of the Ladder observed in the monastery of St. John Savvait how the abbot called to him at the beginning of the meal the eighty-year-old elder Lavrenty, white with gray hair. He approached and, having bowed to the ground to the hegumen, took the blessing. But when the elder got up, the abbot said nothing to him, and he remained standing where he was. Dinner lasted an hour or two, but Elder Lavrenty stood still without an answer or a greeting. The Monk John of the Ladder writes in his Ladder that he was even ashamed to look at the elder. When dinner was over and everyone got up, the abbot dismissed the elder ( Ladder. S. 30).

According to monastic rules, if a monk was surrounded at a meal, he had to humbly sit at the table and not ask for anything. And only in case of extreme hunger or thirst could he say to the employee: “They didn’t give me, master” ( RSL. Und. No. 52. L. 365v.). But this is only as a last resort.

Monks were forbidden to be late for a meal without a blessed reason. In the Volokolamsk Monastery, latecomers were punished with a day of dry eating or prostrations, 50 in number. If a monk did not have time for a meal for prayer for some worthy reason, then, upon entering, he silently stood and waited for the servants to put him. And if they didn’t, then he humbly chewed bread and salt and waited while all the brethren ate.

The most severe punishment was imposed on those who brought something of their own to the meal or, on the contrary, endured it, hiding it at lunch or dinner. The monk of the Volokolamsk monastery, who came to the meal with his "nature", received a penance of one hundred prostrations. If one of the monks took something at the meal without the blessing of the rector or the cellar and repented of it, then he did not dare to touch the shrine: to eat antidor, “bread of the Virgin”, prosphora, until he received forgiveness. If a monk was convicted of sin by other monks, he was punished with dry eating for five days. In the case of repeated repetition of such a sin, the monk was expelled from the monastery or imprisoned in iron fetters ( VMC. September. Stb. S. 12).

Except for lunch and dinner, the monk was not allowed to eat or drink anything, not even berries in the forest or vegetables in the garden. In case of thirst, the monk could, after asking for blessings from the elder, go to the refectory and drink water there. If, after lunch or dinner, a monk needed to visit another monk or elder in his cell, and he wanted to treat him to some “eating, or drinking, or vegetable,” then the monk had to refuse such consolation: “I don’t dare, sir, I don’t compel me, for God's sake." The elders taught the novice that such hospitality is not brotherly love, but an enemy (demonic) attempt to lead the monk into sin; true monastic brotherly love consists in loving everyone equally and moving away from everyone ( RSL. Und. No. 52. L. 368v.).

It would seem that a simple rule is to eat only at a common meal. But from the lives of the saints it is clear how much strength the abbot needed to keep this order inviolable. In the Volokolamsk monastery, those who were seen in such a sin were deprived of the shrine until they received forgiveness from the abbot. And having received forgiveness, the monk had to make a hundred prostrations in the cell in order to completely blot out the sin. If a monk did not repent, but was convicted by someone else, then the punishment increased three times: the monk received a penance of three hundred prostrations or “dry food” for three days. If this happened again, then he was expelled from the monastery.

However, there were cases when gluttons were healed of sin miraculously. And this punishment turned out to be the most effective. Two monks from the monastery of St. Paul of Obnorsk left the monastery at one time and labored for a long time in the monastery of the Special Order. Then they returned to their monastery, but they did not leave their old habits. One day the monks decided to cook their own food in their cell. One remained to cook brew in a pot, and the other went to the refectory to secretly get bread. When the second monk returned, he saw that the friend was lying on the floor, and foam was flowing from his mouth. The terrified monk in an instant realized his sin and mentally appealed to the Monk Paul of Obnorsk, asking him to forgive them. As proof of his repentance, he grabbed the ill-fated pot and, throwing it over the threshold, began to kick it with his feet with the words: “I will never do this again for the rest of my life” ( VMC. January. Stb. 547). Another monk of the same monastery was obedient in a kvass brewery and decided to make kvass for himself. Taking a bucket of wort, he carried it to his cell, but he had to go past the tomb of St. Paul of Obnorsk. Here his arms and legs suddenly weakened, he screamed out of fear and began to beg the reverend for forgiveness. He ran to the cell safe and sound, but already without a bucket, and in the morning he repented to the abbot.

These stories ended happily, but another monk of the Obnorsky Monastery, Mitrofan, remained crippled until the end of his life because he secretly ate and drank in his cell. Once, when Mitrofan was standing in the church in the service, suddenly his arms and legs became weak, and he fell. The brethren served for his health a prayer service to St. Paul and the Holy Trinity, after which the monk felt better and was able to repent. As a result, he could move, but one of his arms and legs was never healed for the edification of the rest of the brethren ( There. Stb. 540).

In order to prevent idle curiosity, discontent and not to bring the monks to the sin of secret eating, the monks were not allowed to enter the refectory during the day without work and blessing. At the refectory there were so-called shegnushi - pantries in which they kept kvass and all sorts of food. At the appointed time, the monks gathered on the porch of the shegnushi to drink kvass, but at the same time, long standing at the shegnushi or idle conversations were forbidden. In addition, it was also not allowed to enter the shegnush itself. Shegnusha communicated with the refectory through a service passage, which was intended only for servants. The monks entered the refectory either from the courtyard through the porch, or through the church doors, if the refectory was arranged at the church.

About meal times

The time of the meal probably varied in different monasteries. But you can imagine an approximate schedule for a meal at the Novospassky Monastery in Moscow. This routine was entirely determined by the service: the more significant the feast was, the earlier the meal began on that day. On Sundays and great holidays, lunch was arranged quite early - at the end of the third hour of the day (that is, about ten in the morning according to our calculation), since on these days, according to the charter, dinner was also allowed. On Saturdays, lunch began a little later - at the beginning of the fifth hour of the day (that is, at the beginning of twelve, if the sunrise that day was around seven in the morning). On major holidays, the meal was at six o'clock in the afternoon, that is, about one o'clock in the afternoon (according to our calculation). On small holidays or fast days, when one meal was supposed to be, it was arranged in the middle of the day - at nine o'clock, that is, about four in the evening (according to our calculation) or even later. At the same time - at nine o'clock in the afternoon - lunch began at Christmas Lent (in reality, this meant about five or six in the evening) and on Peter's Lent (about two o'clock in the afternoon, if you count from sunrise).

In the monasteries, they always arranged two meals at different times. For the first, the monks with the rector ate, for the second (last) they ate the cellar, the reader and all the servants who served the monks at the meal: a large bearer, “smaller bearers”, a cup (a monk who was in charge of drinks and a cellar), a collar (a kind of clerk; the one who “turned things around”), as well as monks who were late for a meal. Weak or sick monks ate in their cells or in the hospital during the first meal. They were brought food by large and smaller carriers, and specially assigned servants served them in hospitals. If a sick monk wanted to taste something else during the day, then, with the blessing of the hegumen and the cathedral elders, a large bearer served him: taking food from the under-kalarnik, and drink from the chalice, he brought it to the patient. Also, the bearer, with the permission of the abbot, carried food to those monks who, for some reason, did not have enough food at the common meal.

During the second meal, those servants who were responsible for cooking also had lunch and dinner: a podkelarnik (assistant cellarer), who was in charge of the warehouse of kitchen utensils and a tent from which food was given out for part of the brethren - apparently, the "second shift" and for guests; “cooking vytchiki” (howl - share, plot; vytchik - the one who is responsible for a certain section of the cooking process); shtevar (we can definitely say that he cooked jelly, maybe also cabbage soup?); podchashnik (assistant bowler); dining rooms. All these servants ate in the closet. Separately, the last meal was served for the laity, servants, monastic artisans, Cossacks, who were served by the trappers. In addition, in the monastery refectories, as a general rule of all monasteries, the poor were always fed. There was even such a thing as "recorded beggars", that is, those who were assigned and regularly fed at the monastery. In the 16th century, in the Volokolamsk monastery, from 20 to 50-60 “recorded beggars” or “as many as God sends” passers-by were fed daily.

Refectory interior

Refectory chambers in monasteries were liked to be arranged at temples. It was convenient: warm air from the basement of the refectory was supplied to the church and heated it. Such a church was called a warm, “winter” church, and all monastic services usually took place in it in the winter season. In the 16th century, stone one-pillar refectories were built in wealthy monasteries: cylindrical vaults rested on a large pillar in the center of the chamber. One of the first such refectories at the church was arranged in the Kirillo-Belozersky monastery in 1519. It was a rectangle, the eastern wall of which separated the church and the refectory. In this wall there was a door through which the monks could immediately go to dinner after the church service. An iconostasis was always arranged on the eastern wall, so that the refectory itself was, as it were, a church, and some divine services, as we saw above, were held in it. In the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery in the iconostasis of the refectory there was a deesis, to the left and right of the door - local icons, and above the door - a large cross "The Crucifixion of the Lord", on a pillar - the image of Hodegetria with saints and reverends (according to the inventory of 1601). A large copper chandelier hung in front of the deesis, and a set candle stood in front of the local icons. So poor was the illumination of the rather large ward. In the refectory there were tables decorated with tablecloths (for ordinary days and holidays, they relied on their own tablecloths), and benches. According to some researchers, six people sat at each table in the Kirillovskaya refectory, since some dishes were prepared and served for exactly six people: on Easter, “six eggs in brine”, they baked “bratskoy shesterovaya bread” ( Shablova. About the meal. S. 27).

The quality of the dishes used at the meal depended on the prosperity of the monastery. They liked to paint wooden utensils: plates, brothers, ladles, spoons, ladle handles were decorated with carvings. In the monastery inventories, spoons and ladles of various shapes are listed: spoons - onion (similar in shape to a turnip, resembled a flattened ball decorated with cuttings from a fish tooth, “undercut”; ladles - burl (made from burl - a growth on a birch), onion, elm ( elm - one of the most flexible trees, in addition to dishes, rims, skids, etc. were made from it), "shadra", "small Tver", "tin", copper, "what yeast draws", "skortsy" (skobkari) - ladles hollowed out from the rhizome of a tree and covered with drying oil.In the Kirillo-Belozersky monastery, the monks ate from birch plates, dishes; kvass was poured into ladles at stakes (stavets - a cup that looks like a glass, a cylindrical "vessel with a flat bottom" - see: Zabelin. S. 90) or brothers (brother - a large tub-shaped cup with a false lid). Feet were also used for drinking (large metal glasses without a handle, expanding upwards). Varivo was brought in “pickles” (a deep dish with a lid), “vessels”, “on a mise”; drinking - in "copper yandows" (yandowy - a copper vessel, tinned inside, with a handle and a stigma), bowls.

Favorite dishes

The invariable dish of the monastic diet was cabbage soup, which was eaten almost every day: both on fasting and non-fasting days (except for days of dry eating), on holidays. Shchi was cooked from fresh white cabbage, "borscht" (that is, with borscht - pickled beets), with sorrel (sorrel), seasoned with pepper, served with eggs on Easter and other holidays. Sometimes cabbage soup was replaced by tavranchug - a special stew made from fish or turnips or "ear" - ear.

If, according to the charter, two “brews” were allowed, then the second “boiled food” was usually porridge. The monastic table is aptly characterized by an old Russian proverb - "shchi and porridge are our food." Porridge could be replaced by other “foods”: “bat peas” or “chicken peas” (pea thick), cabbage, pea or sour noodles. The most varied was the meal on non-fasting and holidays.

The most important and favorite product was, of course, fish. The fish table of rich monasteries was very diverse. In the glaciers of the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery in 1601, barrels of “sudochin, hazel, pike”, salmon, black caviar were kept; here lay "long sturgeon" from the Volga and Shekhon (from the Sheksna River). In the dryers above the glaciers there was a supply of dried and dried fish: “plasti bream, yaz, pike, sturgeon”, salmon, many bunches of elm (red fish tendon), small and smelt, and “four pray Zaozersky”.

The bikhodnik of the Novospassky Monastery mentions salmon, white salmon, sturgeon, beluga, stellate sturgeon, pike, pike perch, susch, sterlet, black and red caviar - whitefish. The sterlet in this monastery was considered a "common fish", it was served mainly to the monastery servants and wanderers ( CHOYDR. 1890. Book. 2. C. 2).

Fish dishes were also very varied, but most of all they loved fresh fried fish, which was served in pans on great holidays. In addition, fish was baked on grills, boiled and served with boiled water, mustard and horseradish. Freshly salted fish was a rare treat and was served only a few times a year, even in such a rich monastery as Iosifo-Volotsky. The favorite fish dish of the monks of the Kirillo-Belozero monastery was “crumbs”. The cellarer's notes especially note the days when "the krushki live on the brethren." It is difficult to say what this dish was, but judging by the fact that the word “crunchy” in the old Russian language means brittle, crispy, apparently, it was thinly sliced ​​fish fried until crispy. When the “crumples” were fried, they were hung with canvas, apparently from splashes of boiling oil.

Among the fish dishes in the monastic everyday life there are also mentioned “sturgeon heads”, fried bream “with a body with a boil and pepper”, “ladozhina with vinegar”, pies with elm, “loaves” with fish, black caviar with onions and red with pepper. In the Novospassky Monastery, several varieties of porridge with fish were cooked: porridge with pieces of salmon, porridge with smelt, porridge “with vandysha” (small fish), porridge “with a head” (with heads and cartilaginous parts of fish), porridge “with navels”, “ porridge in the ear "( CHOYDR. 1890. Book. 2. p. 2).

Pies (with cheese, cabbage, carrots, peas, porridge, mushrooms), loaves (battered with carrots, turnips), kalachi, pancakes, fritters, and “brushwood” greatly diversified the monastic table of different varieties.

The favorite drink in the monasteries was traditionally kvass, on holidays they drank it at lunch and dinner and before Compline. In addition, in the Volokolamsk Monastery, starting from the Presentation and until the feast of the Intercession of the Mother of God (October 1), the brethren were allowed to drink kvass even at noon (except for the first and Holy weeks, as well as the fast days of Great Lent). On Candlemas, according to folk beliefs, the sun turns to summer, the day lengthens significantly, so the brethren received permission for an additional bowl of kvass. “And from Intercession to Sretenev, they don’t drink kvass at noon, ponezh (since. - E.R.) the day is small, ”the everyday life of the Volokolamsk monastery says ( Gorsky. S. 394).

Kvass was prepared in several varieties. In the Volokolamsky Monastery, barley and oat kvass was used as the most popular kvass, on more solemn days - “sychenoy” - from saty (sweet wort, which was prepared from flour and malt) and honey. There was also "molasses kvass", which was served on great holidays. Treacle kvass was prepared from pure, unmelted honey - gravity flowing from honeycombs. Monastic kvass was valued not only as tasty, but also as an extremely "energy" drink, necessary to maintain strength. So, on the days of extended services (on the Twelfth Feasts and days with an all-night vigil), priests, deacons, heads (kliros monks) and the usher received additional bowls of honey kvass “in the cellar”, and psalmists received “fake kvass”. The same kvass was relied upon by great servants and sick brethren in hospitals. The rest of the brethren received "like bowls." "Good" kvass was a consolation during the holidays. So, on the feasts of the Dormition, St. Cyril of Belozersky, the Introduction, on the days of the angels of the king and members of the royal family at dinner, an additional healthy bowl for a birthday with honey kvass was relied ( Shablova. About the meal. S. 31).

Honey kvass was fermented in two ways: 1) with hops and yeast; 2) a simple soft roll ( There. P. 41. Approx. 23). In the first case, intoxicated kvass was obtained, in the second - ordinary. In those monasteries where "drunk" drinking was forbidden, kvass was fermented with kalach. Domostroy tells recipes for making various kvass, including ordinary honey kvass: Yes, strain it cleanly with a sieve, and put it in a measuring cup (vessel. - E.R.), and ferment with a simple soft kalach, without yeast, and when it sours, pour it into barrels ”( There. P. 42. Approx. 23).

In 1550, the Stoglavy Cathedral forbade the preparation of intoxicated kvass in monasteries and keeping hot wine, but this rule was often violated. So, in the 17th century, some Solovetsky monks, contrary to the ancient charter of the monastery, used to take out sychyon kvass from the refectory and ferment it with yeast in their cells. Things got to the point that in 1637 Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich sent a special letter to the Solovki hegumen demanding that this pernicious custom be eradicated ( Dositheus. T. 3. S. 270). In those monasteries where intoxicating drinks were allowed (sometimes by special order of the bishop), intoxicated mead and beer were prepared. In the 17th century, Athanasius, Archbishop of Kholmogory and Vazhsky, allowed the Krasnogorsk monastery to brew five brews of beer a year for the brethren and "honor" visiting chiefs and noble people: the first - for the feast of the Nativity of Christ, the second - for the great spell, the third - for Easter, the fourth - on Trinity Day and on the fifth day - on the patronal feast of the Georgian Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos, it was not allowed to buy wine in the monastery, both before and in the future ( Description of the Krasnogorsk Monastery. S. 31).

According to the ancient charters of the Joseph-Volotsky, Kirillo-Belozersky, Nilo-Sorsky, Korniliev-Komelsky monasteries, in these monasteries "drinking, which have drunkenness, did not keep anyone." However, in the 16th century in the Kirillo-Belozersky monastery the covenant of its founder was no longer fulfilled, on the twelfth, great and great holidays, the brethren regularly received a cup of wine.

Special note

Russian monks never used meat. According to ancient charters, it was strictly forbidden to even bring meat to the territory of the monastery or cook it in the monastery kitchen. How strict this rule was is confirmed by a miracle from the Life of St. Paphnutius of Borovsky, which happened to the famous icon painter Dionysius. He was invited along with his retinue to paint a new stone church in the monastery. The icon painters lived in a village not far from the monastery. Since they were worldly people, the Monk Paphnutius ordered them not to bring any of their food to the monastery. Once the icon painters forgot about the commandment of the monk and, going to the monastery to work, they took with them a leg of lamb stuffed with eggs. In the evening they sat down to supper, and Dionysius ate first. It is not difficult to imagine his state when he saw worms instead of eggs in a leg of lamb. The leg was thrown outside the monastery to the dogs, but after this meal the artist fell seriously ill. His whole body was covered with scabs, so that he could not move. Realizing his sin, Dionysius repented before the monk. He, having taught the icon painter the edification not to violate the monastery rules in the future, ordered to hit the beater and call the brethren to the water-blessed prayer service. Dionysius wiped his whole body with consecrated water and, exhausted after the service, fell asleep. He woke up completely healthy Life of Pafnuty Borovsky. S. 125). Lay people who worked for the monastery, on non-fast days, when hard work happened, were fed with meat dishes. In the Cyril Monastery, they were given meat “for a hryvnia” (there were 51 days in a year when a meat-eater was allowed - see: Shablova. About the meal. S. 27). But if in the 16th century meat was cooked and eaten outside the monastery, then in the 17th century this prohibition was no longer in effect, and lay monastic people could eat meat at the second monastic meal.

Bread, cooks, kvass

The preparation of “nature” in large monasteries with numerous brethren and pilgrims was a laborious and difficult task. Therefore, hot food was prepared only once - for dinner. If dinner was supposed to be on that day, then the brew left after dinner was put in the oven on coals and served warm for dinner.

Many monks, novices, and all kinds of monastic servants worked in the cloister cookhouses and bakeries. Obedience here was considered the most difficult, and if a monk endured it patiently, without grumbling, then this work in the eyes of the abbot and brethren was worthy of the deepest respect. Before his death, the Monk Daniel of Pereyaslavsky called his disciple Cassian to him and, handing him two of his sackcloths, ordered them to be handed over to the monastery cooks - monk Eustratius and monk Irinarkh. Explaining his choice, the monk said: “You yourselves know the virtues of Eustratius. From the time he took the tonsure, he achieved perfect obedience, fasted and prayed without laziness, and went through all the monastic services without grumbling, and most of all, the cooking service. And then the abbot told how at one time he wanted to change obedience to Eustratius, but he fell at his feet and begged him not to change anything and not to deprive him of great spiritual benefit. The Monk Daniel was surprised at such zeal and left Eustratius in the kitchen. Now, before his death, he asked Cassian to convey to the new hegumen Hilarion his order not to transfer Eustratius to another service. Another monastic cook, Irinarkh, according to the hegumen, labored in the same industrious way, following the example of Eustratius. Giving them his sackcloths, the monk said: “I hope that they will pray to God for me, a sinner, and for their prayers, the merciful and philanthropic Christ Our God will forgive me many of my sins” ( Smirnov. pp. 70–71).

The refectory, together with the kitchens, bakeries, glaciers, barns, dryers and all sorts of tents adjoining it, formed a separate city on the territory of a large monastery. Under the refectory of the Kirillo-Belozersky monastery were the famous bread-baskets. Their dimensions were almost the same as those of the refectory itself: in length - seven fathoms with a half fathom, and across - seven fathoms with a quarter. Here they baked bread in two large ovens of three “kvashons”. 500 kilograms of flour were dissolved in each sourdough, the sourdough was covered with canvases sewn into four panels, and allowed to approach, then three sours were dissolved in the fourth ( Nikolsky. P. 191. Approx. 2). Fourteen linen scrolls, in which flour was sifted, and twelve pairs of mittens were kept in the breadboxes. Apparently, the same number of people were employed in the process of baking bread. All the necessary utensils were in the bakery: a copper cauldron in which water was heated, two “scratches, than they scrape kvass”, a scraper, a chisel, a spade, a mowing knife, with which they pinched a torch to kindle a fire in the furnace, copper washstands with tubs, a Kumgan (a copper washstand in the form of a jug, with a spout, a handle and a lid), an ice pick (with a pick they went to the lake for water; it was an iron pointed tool, at the top there was a tube that was mounted on the handle). The “bread elders” were in charge of the bread, they lived not far from the refectory, in three cells near the barns, where rye flour was stored ( Nikolsky. S. 195). One of the elders gave out scrolls and mittens to the workers. Shtevars were located in a separate room, they had at their disposal a cauldron, a copper frying pan in which jelly was cooked, and two kumgans. Not far from the bakery, near the monastery wall overlooking the lake, there was a small tent in which water was heated when it was necessary to put the sourdough. Next to the bakery, under the refectory, there was a tent where already baked bread was stored.

The large bakery of the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery was built along with the refectory in 1519, but very soon its capacity became insufficient, and then several more bakeries were set up in the lower tier of the Church of the Transfiguration, where they baked prosphora and kalachi, and at the same time cookies and pies. The Church of the Transfiguration was not chosen by chance for these purposes. It is located near the fortress wall overlooking the lake; “small gates” were arranged on the wall, through which water flowed through the gutters into the bakery.

The basement of the Church of the Transfiguration consisted of two rooms: in the first large tent they baked cookies, rolls and prosphora, in the second - pies. To that part of the room where the prosphora was made, a small tent was attached, where the prosphora were stored in winter. And another tent adjoined the church porch near the fortress wall, in which kalachi were kept. On its upper floor lived the elders who were in charge of the kalakh, and there was also a closet where they kept crackers. Against the wall stood a barn in which flour was sifted. In the bakeries there was a variety of kitchen utensils: sieves for sifting flour, “hooks” for removing pancakes from butter, long frying pans, “cloth nasovs in which they cook a circle of rolls” (nasovs - armlets worn during cooking; aprons, work clothes) , ladles-skobkari, aspen boxes.

Food was prepared in the kitchen, located next to the refectory. At the end of the 16th century, in the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, in addition to the main kitchen, there was also a living room, a shooting room, a princely room (food was prepared for guests in it), and others. Cooking elders who lived nearby were in charge of the kitchens. In the large kitchen of the Kirillo-Belozersky monastery, six hearths of boiler rooms and an oven were arranged. Cauldrons hung over the hearths on iron chains, in addition, large iron tagans (a hoop with legs) were placed on the hearths - bases for boilers. A large number of utensils were stored in the kitchen: "ladles", iron grates for baking fish, large boilers and "small pots", ladles, knives and service clothes. Food was cooked, apparently, in special "service cassocks". The functional variety of kitchen utensils is striking, there were several types of knives alone: ​​“onion mowers”, “cabbage axes”, “maples” for cutting fish (knives with a short and wide blade, slightly bent to the butt), “large knives, but they cut them noodles and fish."

More than a dozen knives, axes, copper frying pans, copper baking sheets with straps, several dozen “birch plates” and “rossimilar dishes”, “stavs”, “wooden dishes stands”, a washstand, a tub, a hand-held iron pepper mill, “dining vessels”, salt shakers, “tin pickles”, a copper milk pot. The main stock of cereals and fish necessary for the needs of the cookery was in the dryer: “a few quarters of hemp seed, peas, barley groats, buckwheat and millet groats, five “sagging” sturgeons, 250 layers of yazevy, one hundred bunches of vyaziga, dried mole loskovo (mol - small fish; sometimes also called dried smelts; the mentioned fish were caught in the area called Loza-Altushevo. E.R.) ten quarters, five quarters I pray Belozersky "( Nikolsky. S. 222. Approx. 1).

Kvass was prepared in a special room - a kvass brewery. The ancient kvass brewery of the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery has survived to this day: “In the middle of the cover ... a tent is square in plan and hollow inside, serving as a conductor for steam and smoke accumulating in the building from the kvass hearth. At the top, this tent ended with a quadrangular pipe in plan, and at the bottom it rested on a closed vault with two strippings along each wall ”( Nikolsky. S. 226).

In the middle of the kvass brewery stood a copper cauldron (it held 300 buckets) and three large vats: in one vat, 20 quarters of malt were mashed (grain that was allowed to germinate in warmth and dampness, which gave it a sweet taste), the other two contained wort, and three large troughs were placed under the vats. Behind the kvass cookery was a barn where the wort was chilled, there were five vats and six troughs. And near the kitchen there was a three-story building, the lower part of which was adapted for a kvass glacier, where they kept "kvass about the brother of wheat." In the Cyril Monastery there were five more stone glaciers, in which kvass was cooled in the summer, fish and various products were stored. Kvass was kept in one glacier: “medvenoy” (honey), molasses, sycheny, oatmeal, “polyyan kvass”. Various ladles, feet, yands, a copper ladle, “what yeast scoops up”, a copper cauldron for 12 buckets, “and they boil satiety in it” and a small copper “kettle, in which molasses is heated for pancakes”, were also stored here. In the other three glaciers they kept fish, above one of them there was a tent where they kept honey and molasses, and in the fifth cellar - sour cream, milk, eggs and cow's butter.

Cooking in monasteries, like any other business, was necessarily sanctified by prayer. Early in the morning, before matins, the cook and baker came to the church and bowed to the earth three times in front of the Royal Doors. After that, they asked the ecclesiarch for fire, he lit the "torch" from the lamp in the altar of the temple and passed it to the cook and baker. And already from this “honest fire” logs were lit in the ovens of the cookery and bread, so that everyone who eats food would receive Divine grace and sanctification along with it. It is no coincidence that the preparation of a meal was always a purely monastic obedience; worldly people in this matter could only be helpers.

Especially reverent in the monasteries were baking bread. This process is detailed in the Studio Charter. In Russian monasteries, everything was done, most likely, in exactly the same way. Since the prosphora should be baked already for the liturgy, and bread for dinner, they started baking bread very early. At the very beginning of Matins, after the Six Psalms, the kutnik, having bowed to the ground near the abbot, went to gather the brethren for obedience to the bakery. First, he approached the monks who stood on the right side of the church, then crossed to the other side. Everyone gathered in the center of the temple in front of the Royal Doors and went to be blessed by the abbot. Having made a bow to the earth, they said: “Bless, pray for us, holy father.” The abbot answered: “God will save,” and the monks went to the bakery. Here, while kneading the dough, they sang psalms, the canon, and other prayers that were supposed to be at matins. In addition, in Russian monasteries they also read a special prayer “always knead the dough for bread in the monastery” ( Prilutsky. S. 355). Having put the dough, the monks went to the church, where they continued to pray with the rest of the brethren, but the senior monk remained in the bakery to monitor how the dough fit. After the service, he went around the cells of the monks who kneaded the dough, and they again gathered in the bakery to now bake bread ( Pentkovsky. S. 387). Perhaps, thanks to these prayers, the bread baked in the monastery was especially tasty, and the monastery's kvass cured the most incredible diseases.

Meal order

When the brethren, singing the 144th psalm, entered the refectory, everything was already ready: the necessary utensils were on the tables, on a separate large table, also called the “meal”, there were warm bread, salt shakers with salt and drink. The abbot blessed the meal with the cross and read the prayer: “Christ God, bless the brew and drink of your servant now, and forever, and forever and ever.” After that, everyone sat down, and the priest, standing up, blessed the reading of the lives of the saints: "Blessed is our God always, and now, and forever, and forever and ever." The reader answered: "Amen" - and began to read. This custom has long existed in all monasteries so that the monks listen to what they read with much more pleasure than eat food and drink, so that “the mind is visible, not preoccupied with bodily pleasures, but rejoicing more with the words of the Lord” ( Basil the Great. S. 254).

Having received the blessing, the servants brought the brew and put it on the refectory table. The cellar and the chalice keeper approached the abbot and bowed before him in turn, asking for a blessing for the distribution of the brew. Then the cellar personally brought the abbot a brew in a vessel, and a cup of drink (honey or kvass). The rest of the servants were distributing the same brew to the brethren, and the cup-bearer was bringing drinks to everyone. After everything was distributed, the servant closest to the abbot handed him a spoon, and the cellarer said: “Lord bless”, the abbot hit the “candea” (a metal vessel like a small bowl on a leg with a pallet, used as a bell).

The monks got up, and the priest read the prayers set before the meal: “Our Father”, “Glory, and now”, “Lord have mercy” (twice), “Lord bless”. At the end of the prayers, the abbot blessed the food and drink: “Christ God, bless the food and drink of your servant now and forever and forever and ever.” Everyone sat down and began to eat, but only after the abbot had begun to eat. A separate blessing was required for each “brashno”, therefore, during the meal, the “candea” was usually struck “thrice”: the first time after the introduction of the variva, the second after the introduction of the second food - sochiva, the third time - at the end of the meal. After each call, everyone prayed, as before tasting the brew.

If there was a “consolation” at the meal - a bowl of intoxicating drink, then the cellarer would say before eating it: “Lord bless.” The monks stood up, holding bowls in front of them. The abbot blessed, and the monks, mentally reciting the Jesus Prayer, drank them. At the end of the meal, the cellarer said a prayer: “For the prayers of our saints, our fathers (the modern pronunciation of the prayer: “Through the prayers of our saints, our fathers ...”. - E.R.), Lord, Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on us. The abbot struck the "candea", the reader stopped reading, made three bows to the earth in front of the abbot and, having taken a blessing, left. The abbot, taking the “Bread of the Virgin”, handed it over to the deacon to perform the rite of the Panagia. After eating the “Bread”, the hegumen read thanksgiving prayers: “Blessed be God, merciful and nourishing us from His rich gifts, with His grace and philanthropy, always, and now, and forever, and forever and ever.” The brethren answered, "Amen." The abbot thanked the servants for the meal: "God will forgive and have mercy on those who served us." The brethren bowed to the ground before the abbot and dispersed to their cells, not stopping in the refectory.

Fasts and holidays

The monastic meal, as we have said above, is closely connected with worship. The number and composition of dishes, meals during the day - all this depended on what icon marked this day in the liturgical charter. If the great holiday happened on Wednesday or Friday, then it was allowed to eat fish, oil and wine (where intoxicating drinks were allowed). On an average holiday there was permission for wine, oil and noun. If a small holiday with doxology happened on a fast day, then they did not eat fish, but only food cooked with oil and wine. There were also such small holidays in which there was permission only for wine at the meal, and the food was cooked “without sweetness” - without oil. This is how this statute was actually embodied in the everyday life of the Kirillo-Belozersky monastery. On the twelfth holidays there was always a dinner with fish, even if this day fell on Wednesday or Friday. On a great holiday, for example, in memory of St. John the Theologian (September 26), fish and rolls were also relied on, but if it coincided with Wednesday or Friday, then dinner was canceled, although fish was left at dinner. On the holidays of St. Sergius of Radonezh, Savvatiy of Solovetsky, St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, St. Alexy of Moscow, the brethren ate fish on the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos. But, again, if the holiday fell on a fast day, then there was only lunch, and for dinner they served no longer fresh fish, but existing fish. In memory of St. Paul of Obnorsk, the charter of the meal was the same as on the feast of St. Savvatiy of Solovetsky, but on fasting days, caviar was served instead of susch (that is, the feast was rated an order of magnitude lower).

Most of the days of the Orthodox calendar are fast days: Wednesday, Friday (with the exception of continuous weeks - those weeks when fasting is canceled), and in monasteries it is still Monday, as well as four long fasts: Great (seven weeks before Easter), Christmas or Philippov ( from November 15 to December 24), Petrov or Apostolic (begins a week after the Trinity and ends on July 11) and Assumption (from August 1 to 14). In addition, the feasts of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, the Beheading of John the Baptist, and Epiphany Christmas Eve (Eve of Theophany) are also fast days. Each post has its charter, but in different monasteries it acquired its own characteristics.

Monastic food, according to the charter, was supposed to be simple and inexpensive. From the canteens of the monasteries, it can be seen that the food was quite varied and as useful as possible, such as to restore strength even in the most exhausting fast. Moreover, it was necessarily taken into account that not everyone can eat the same food, therefore, equivalent food was offered for exchange. For example, milk porridge or milk could be exchanged for eggs, turnips for cucumbers, etc. Duplication of dishes was not allowed at the meal: if loaves were served, then kalachi were canceled.

In the monasteries they ate once or twice a day. According to the general rule, on fast days - Monday, Wednesday and Friday - there was only lunch, supper was not supposed even on the fast days of Pentecost.

The usual Lenten lunch of a monk of the Volokolamsk Monastery consisted of half soft bread for a brother and two boiled dishes without butter: cabbage soup with white cabbage or borscht and porridge (instead of porridge, sometimes “bat peas” or “tsyzhenoy peas”, that is, pea thick) were served, or “porridge in the ear”, the second dish could be changed for cucumbers. Before Compline, the monks of the Volokolamsk Monastery gathered to drink kvass at the shegnush. However, according to the charter of the Monk Kornily Komelsky, the monks of his monastery were not allowed to drink kvass on fast days either after dinner or before mephimon; these days everyone except the sick drank only water. If on a fast day there was a big or small holiday with a doxology, then soup with butter was served: cabbage or noodles, or “chickpeas” and, in addition, a quarter of kalach as a festive dish (if fed with noodles, then kalachi was not served ).

On Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday there were two meals: lunch and dinner. The diet of dishes varied greatly depending on whose healthy or funeral food fell on that day (food was not satisfied on fasting days). In the Volokolamsk Monastery, the sterns were also divided into several ranks: the sovereign is large, medium, small. When they fed for the health or repose of the sovereign, the monks had fresh fried fish on the table, two brews with butter, two fish dishes with “broth” and mustard, white kalachi “too much” (that is, unlimited), pies of two types: some - with egg and pepper, others - with cheese - and two pancakes with honey per brother.

If the food was average (princely, boyar or great people), then the monks were supposed to have two brews with butter, three types of fish dishes (one serving for two), cheese pies, pancakes with honey, rolls in excess and honey kvass. If the food was less, then the brethren dined with one brew with butter (for example, cabbage soup), two fish dishes, pies and rolls in excess, and drank sychen kvass at such a dinner. In the books of the cellar of the Kirillo-Belozersky monastery, large and large sterns are mentioned. The large feed corresponded in importance to the Volokolamsk average, it was arranged on the days of memory of especially revered saints (for example, St. Sergius of Radonezh), for the repose of the boyars and princes, on special memorial Saturdays, and the large one with bowls was usually arranged on the twelfth holidays. So, on September 1, on the feast of St. Simeon the Stylite, in the monastery there was food for Prince Semyon Ivanovich Velsky. The brethren served kalachi, fish with an additive, a bowl of sycheny kvass and a bowl of barley kvass. On the memorial Dmitrov Saturday, a large meal consisted of kalachi, two types of pies, large fried fish, which was served in pans, and two types of kvass: honey and barley. On Sabbath meat-fare, in addition to the food of the brethren, alms were also given to the monastic workers who worked in numerous courtyards: people were given three bowls of kvass poluyan (probably barley kvass, mixed half with rye or oatmeal) and "overcooked" from honey. On the feast of the Nativity of the Theotokos, they arranged a large fodder with grains, on this day kvass was relied on better than on September 1: one bowl of honey kvass, the other - barley ( RNB. Cyrus. - Bel. No. 84/1322. L. 46–46 rev.).

At dinner on a non-fasting day, cabbage soup and milk were served at a fraternal meal; this dish could always be replaced with three eggs or porridge or kvass; drank barley kvass at dinner. On Sundays, the monastic table differed in variety and abundance of dishes from other non-fasting days. For lunch, they served a quarter of bread, cabbage soup with white cabbage or borscht, or sour soup with garlic or onions, two eggs or “beaten cows” (loaf - wheat bread with milk, butter and eggs) or lisni (perhaps puff pies) - one for four brothers, or loaves with fish - one for two brothers; the second brew for the Sunday meal was scrambled eggs (then eggs were canceled for cabbage soup) and milk porridge (if desired, the monk could change it for the same two eggs), instead of loaves and foxes, kalachi were sometimes served.

In the Orthodox calendar, there are two twelfth feasts when strict fasting is observed - the feasts of the Exaltation of the Cross and the Beheading of St. John the Baptist. At the Exaltation in the Volokolamsky Monastery, they served a quarter of bread, cabbage soup with fresh white cabbage, carrots or turnips with butter (they could be replaced with cucumbers), a quarter of kalach and honey kvass. If the holiday fell on Saturday or Sunday, then the charter allowed dinner and the food was somewhat more varied. At the Kirillo-Belozero monastery, at a festive dinner, the brethren ate kalachi, cabbage soup with pepper, noodles, caviar, and a bowl of honey kvass. On this day, dinner was served, at which the monks received kalachi or white bread, cabbage soup and honey kvass.

From the book Everyday Life in Europe in 1000 the author Ponyon Edmond

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I always thought monastic food was bread and water. But one day I found myself in the monastery refectory - and my opinion completely changed. I have never tasted more delicious meals in my life. What's the secret? The monks of the Holy Panteleimon Monastery, on Mount Athos, always welcome pilgrims cordially. The law of hospitality is strictly observed here - first feed, then ask questions. However, no one will bother you with questions even after dinner: everyone, they believe, has his own way to the temple.

We were not at all surprised by the modesty of the meal: bread, buckwheat porridge seasoned with stewed vegetables, pea soup with greens (which in worldly life you won’t even look at and certainly won’t look at), baked potatoes with sauerkraut, fresh cucumbers and kvass. There were also olives (by the way, as they explained to us, you can eat them with pits) and dry red wine (at the bottom of the mug). But the taste of these dishes… He amazed us!

The most appropriate word in this case is ‘unearthly’. I asked one of the monks about this. He silently raised his eyes to the sky and quietly, without the slightest hint of instructiveness and edification, answered: ‘It is important with what thoughts, not to mention words, a person starts preparing food and the meal itself. Here is what is written about this in the ‘Kiev-Pechersky Paterikon’: ‘It was given to one elder to see how the same food differed: those who blasphemed food ate sewage, those who praised honey. But you, when you eat or drink, praise God, because the one who blasphemes harms himself.

Sauerkraut was with carrots, beets and fragrant dill seeds. It was they who gave the usual for us, Russians, winter harvesting an amazing taste. And, as the monks said, such cabbage is very useful for the good functioning of the stomach. Above a mound of cabbage, laid out in simple aluminum bowls, rose a gleaming soaked apple. Several of these apples must be placed in each tub when sauerkraut is sauerkraut. They also give it a special flavor.

Meat delicacies and pastries are not for Athos monks. In their opinion, gluttony is a dangerous trait that entails diseases of the body and various mental ailments. Fatty foods ‘salt the soul’, and sauces and canned food ‘thinn the body’. For the monks of Athos, eating is a spiritual process, somewhat of a ritual act.

Prayer - during the preparation of this or that dish (in this case it will definitely succeed), a short prayer before sitting at the table, a prayer after eating food. And the very atmosphere of the spacious and bright refectory, the walls and ceiling of which are painted with paintings on biblical scenes, turns a modest monastic dinner into a festive feast and a feast of the soul. ‘Likewise, a layman’s kitchen,’ the monk told me, ‘should not be a place for family squabbles and political discussions, but only a refectory.’

Most recently, I happened to visit the Goritsky Resurrection Convent, which opened in 1999. In the monastery refectory, sisters Yulia and Nadezhda carried out their obedience. They were young, hardly more than twenty in appearance, but they handled the kitchen utensils confidently and without fuss. Novelties of technological progress, such as mixers and vegetable cutters, bypassed these holy places.

The nuns do everything themselves: and the dough is kneaded in large vats by hand, and the butter is churned with hand buttermilk. Yes, and the monastic meal is prepared not on gas in dishes with a non-stick coating, but on a wood-burning stove, in cast iron. Because, say the nuns, and it turns out more tasty, rich and fragrant.

I watched the younger Nadezhda shred the cabbage, and admired: the strips were thin, thin, one by one, as if each one was measured out. I salted it lightly, sprinkled it with vegetable oil, laid out a flower on top of thawed cranberry beads and dill sprigs - not a dish, but a picture, it’s even a pity to eat, and put it aside with the words; ‘Let the cabbage give juice, then you can put it on the table’.

I heard somewhere that monks shouldn't decorate their meals nicely, so I asked Sister Nadezhda about it. ‘Well, what are you,’ she replied, ‘God cannot be against the beautiful, as long as it comes from a pure heart, does not become an end in itself and does not lead to bitterness if something does not work out. I generally noticed,” she added, “that I have become very good at cooking here, although I have never studied it, and I have not yet accumulated much worldly culinary wisdom. It’s just that when there is peace in the soul and love for the world and those who live in it, everything you do turns out well.

As she said this, she was carving up a herring to prepare an aspic of salted herring minced with mushrooms. The nun soaked the dried white mushrooms in cold water beforehand and now put them on the fire. After they were cooked, they passed through a meat grinder and mixed with finely chopped herring fillet. I added black pepper, chopped onion to the minced meat and ... began to paint a new culinary still life.

She formed a herring from the minced meat, carefully attached the head and tail, put small, parsley, small water lilies of boiled carrots around and poured everything with mushroom broth mixed with swollen gelatin. It turned out a lake with an appetizing fish inside.

“You can,” she said, seeing my enthusiastic look, “decorate your dish as you like. Yes, and it is not necessary to cook it using dried mushrooms. It’s just that my sisters and I collected so many of them over the summer and autumn ... And you, if you don’t have dried ones, take ordinary champignons. Although, for me, not a single mushroom grown in ‘captivity’ can compare with forest ones.

Such a spirit comes from them! .. I must say that the dinner for which Sister Nadezhda prepared her 'culinary masterpieces' was not a festive one, and of the guests it was attended by only a few travelers like me, who were real then pilgrims can be called a stretch. But here they accept everyone and do not ask how strong your faith is: once you have come, it means that your soul asks.

In addition to aspic, Nadezhda prepared several more unusual mushroom dishes. For example, mushroom cheese, caviar and some unusually delicious cold appetizer. Dried mushrooms for her are soaked in water for an hour, and then boiled in salted water until tender. They, as the nuns said, can be replaced with fresh ones: champignons or oyster mushrooms.

In this case, it is enough to boil the mushrooms, finely chop, mix with chopped onions, add salt if necessary and pour over the sauce. It is prepared from grated horseradish diluted with a small amount of strong bread kvass and mushroom broth. The dish is not spicy, but only with a slight aftertaste of horseradish, which should not interrupt the taste of mushrooms.

Of the cold appetizers on the table, there was also boiled beetroot with a spicy sauce made from boiled egg yolks, grated horseradish and vegetable oil. This dish was very familiar to me, but I tried boiled beans fried in oil for the first time - very tasty. The dish, as the sisters told me, is prepared, albeit simply, but for quite a long time.

Beans must first be soaked in water for 6-10 hours, then boiled in salted water until tender, but not boiled, put in a colander, dry slightly in the fresh air and only then fry in vegetable oil until golden brown. A couple of minutes before readiness, add browned onions to the cauldron, salt, season with spices to taste and remove from heat. The beans are served cold.

While Nadezhda was conjuring (although such a word is not very suitable for a nun) over cold dishes, Julia was preparing the first and second. The first was the monastery borscht with beans and kalya (soup cooked in cucumber pickle) with fish. For the second - pilaf with vegetables and raisins, lean cabbage rolls, pumpkin repecha - something like a pumpkin casserole with rice: pumpkin and rice for this dish are pre-boiled separately from each other, then mixed, beaten whites and yolks are also added to the minced meat and spread everything in a greased form.

It turns out something between a pastry and a second course. For dessert, the sisters made an apple pie and poppy seed cakes with honey - poppy seeds. And although the dough was kneaded without the use of butter, it turned out lush, tender, and the filling ... Baking with poppy seeds is generally my weakness.

As you can see, the nuns ate and treated the pilgrims without meat at all. But believe me, we didn't even notice it. On the days of fasting, the number of dishes on the table, as the nuns said, decreases, fish, eggs, and dairy products disappear. But the meal at the same time does not become less tasty and, of course, remains just as satisfying.

Saying goodbye to the hospitable sisters, I asked if they had heard of ‘Angel Curls’ jam? They say that this recipe was given to the abbess of one of the Spanish monasteries by the Virgin Mary on the night before Christmas. Pumpkin fibers (in which the seeds are hidden) are boiled in sugar syrup along with pureed hazelnuts. ‘No,’ said the nuns, ‘we haven’t heard, but we also make jam from pumpkin fibers, which most housewives simply throw away. You just need to separate the fibers from the pulp and seeds, dry slightly (air-dry).

Prepare sugar syrup, pour it with fibers, leave for a day, and then cook like our jams - five minutes: 3-4 times for five to seven minutes, (It is important to completely cool the jam after each cooking and only then put it on fire again.) and cook monastic cuisine at home. Perhaps then the upcoming post will not seem so insipid and difficult.

The food of the monks gives us a good example of the diet we should follow in our lives. Monks don't eat meat. They eat a lot of legumes and in some cases eat fish. They eat twice a day at fixed times and consume small amounts.

During the summer months meals are two meals: one at 8 am for breakfast and one at 6 pm for dinner, with no lunch or meal in between.

During the winter months, the clocks change by one hour.

But why do you only get breakfast and dinner?

The hours of Mount Athos are solar, the monks call them "Byzantine time". Byzantine time is based on sunset. With the sunset, the day ended, and this moment coincides with all the monks who have finished their work.

In this way, they know exactly when they will eat, and therefore their body has adapted to a balanced diet and a certain schedule.

In addition, the measure satisfies the consumption of a certain amount of food. In particular, once the amount of food is finished, there is no possibility for supplementation.

The quality level of their products is very high, since all products are organic and grow in their beds.

The way of cooking is also very simple, the foods they choose help them in their mental activity and in their bodily strengthening.

Therefore, they successfully do their job.

Despite the absence of meat in their diet, they do not have health problems, on the contrary, they rarely get sick, and even if they do, they are usually already old.

It is worth noting that the monks do not smoke.

Let's summarize the diet on Athos and highlight the most important secrets:

Products without fat and spices,

Small portions of food at certain times;

Abstinence from meat

The use of only olive oil in food - butter, margarine, cream, and other related products in cooking are excluded;

Olives, vegetables, bread and pasta;

Cheese, eggs and pies (except fast days)

Consumption of shellfish (squid, octopus, cuttlefish),

fasting period,

Unlimited consumption of herbs, mushrooms and wild berries (strawberries, cranberries, blueberries, cranberries, chestnuts, etc.);

Wine, crayfish, coffee, tea and halva

Consuming plenty of vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins (A, C, E), folic acid, micronutrients, antioxidants and fiber.

Their diet is "poor" only in saturated animal fats. Legumes, in turn, are the "meat" of fasting. They contain complex carbohydrates and protein fat proteins.

When legumes are properly combined with cereals (rice, corn, bread), they give us protein equal to meat.

Bread is at the heart of the monastic nutritional pyramid and in addition to complex carbohydrates (the main source of energy for our body), it contains fiber and vitamins B and E.

A rich diet with nutritional value, like that of monks, forms a natural shield to protect the cardiovascular system and has the following benefits:

● Reduces blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels

● Helps regulate blood sugar and blood pressure

● Protects bones from osteoporosis and various types of cancer.

● Has anti-aging properties.

● Helps improve bowel function.

For monks, fasting is the basis of all virtues.

Fasting is the reduction and replacement of food with care and observance of the rules.

The law of fasting seems to apply to the body, and in particular to the stomach, but in fact it applies to the soul, and especially to the mind.

At the 7th Congress of the oncological clinic in Western Greece, held on December 10, 2011 in Patras, the monk Epiphanius of the Holy Mountain, the elder of St. Eustathius (Mylopotamos) spoke.

I deliberately quote this from his speech: “Today, about two thousand monks live on Mount Athos. They usually die of natural causes, living to a ripe old age. An important role in the physical health of monks is the inevitable fasting. Fasting is usually not a punishment. This is an offer of salvation. Monks follow the rules of fasting with pleasure because they experience the benefits. Fasting clears the mind. Reflects thinking. Fasting is as essential as breathing ».

CHARTER OF THE HOLY POKROVSK MEN'S MONASTERY
SOUTH SAKHALIN AND KURIL DIOCESE

CONTENT

Introduction

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

Chapter 14

Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

An Orthodox monastery is a Christian community that strictly lives according to the commandments of God, seeking spiritual perfection in the affairs of Christian life. The basis of the monastic spirit is the words of the Lord Jesus Christ Himself: "If you want to be perfect, go, sell your possessions, and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven, and come and follow Me" (Matthew 19:21).

St. Basil the Great in one of his conversations gives a detailed description of the monastic life. “A monk,” he says, “must, first of all, acquire a non-possessive life, bodily solitude, a decent life, have a moderate voice and a modest word, food and drink that does not cause rebellion, eat in silence, be silent before elders, listen to the wise, to equal to have love, to give love-filled advice to inferiors; move away worthless, carnal and vain people, think more and speak less, do not be impudent in words, do not allow excesses in conversation, avoid laughter, adorn yourself with shame, downcast your eyes down, and lift up your soul to grief, do not answer contradictions with contradictions, be submissive ; work with your own hands, always remember death, rejoice with hope, endure sorrow, pray without ceasing, give thanks for everything, be humble before everyone, hate arrogance, be sober and keep your heart from evil thoughts ..., take care of the suffering, cry with them to admonish the disorderly, to console the faint-hearted, to serve the sick..., to take care of brotherly love.”

A monk should more fully and completely strive in his life to embody one of the main commandments of Christ - the commandment of love: “Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind; ...and love your neighbor as yourself” (Matthew 22:37-39).

A monk creates love for God through unceasing prayers, talking with Him, confessing to Him his infirmities, sins, and glorifying His goodness and mercy to all. A monk accomplishes love for his neighbors in the patience of their shortcomings, in constant prayer in them, in various help and mercy towards them.

While the monks were only singles, the so-called anchorites, they were saved according to the rules given to them by their fathers and their mentors, but with the advent of monasteries and numerous brotherhoods, a Charter was required that could regulate monastic life in them and contribute to a better development of the monastic spirit.

The Monk Pachomius the Great, an ascetic of the 4th century, received such a cenobitic Rule from the Holy Angel, and it formed the basis of all the other monastic Rules: St. Anthony the Great, St. Basil the Great, St. Kiev-Pechersk Monastery and later became a model for all other Russian monasteries).

CHAPTER 1. DEVICE OF THE MONASTERY


1. The Intercession Monastery of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and Kuril diocese is a cenobitic monastery. He is completely subordinate to the ruling
the bishop, who is the Holy Archimandrite of the monastery.

2. The names of His Holiness the Patriarch and the ruling bishop, with their titles, are daily raised at all monastic services.

3. The ruling bishop appoints the Vicar of the monastery, whose candidacy is approved by His Holiness the Patriarch and the Holy Synod .

4. The ruling bishop, on the proposal of the Vicar of the monastery:

a) appoints the main officials of the monastery - assistant Viceroy,
confessor, treasurer, dean, housekeeper, sacristan and some others;

b) gives a blessing for initiation into the rank of hierodeacon and hieromonk
worthy persons from the brethren, as well as a blessing for monastic vows
ready for this novices;

c) bestow appropriate church awards on the most well-behaved
persons from among the monastics;

d) enrolls among the brethren those whom the Viceroy represents; dismisses persons
who grossly violate monastic discipline and maliciously go out of

obedience to commanding persons, not wanting to heed the voice of admonition.

5. The ruling bishop carries out general supervision of the monastery. With his
blessings The vicar leads the entire monastic life, including
economic.

6. A Spiritual Council should be formed to help the Viceroy.

7. The present Charter of the monastery provides for the linking of the way of spiritual
life not only with the achievement of their own goals - holiness and
the perfection of the monks, but also their bringing benefit to the people around them in the world, i.e.
spiritual and educational activities, charity and mercy.

CHAPTER 2. OFFICIALS OF THE MONASTERY

GORGEOUS

1. The viceroy carries out obedience in the monastery and conducts all monastic affairs
according to the blessing of his Rector, in connection with which he must know everything well
the needs of the monastery, in order to have constant care for everything.

2. The duty of the Viceroy is to maintain in every possible way high spiritual discipline and good order in the monastery; concern for the spiritual work and improvement of the monks; observation of the splendor and tiredness of divine services in monastic churches; taking care of the economy, the external condition of churches and other monastic buildings.

3. The vicar, as an official person and responsible for his monastery to the Rector-bishop, receives various visitors: pilgrims, foreign and domestic guests, employees of church and state institutions, guided by the good intentions and good judgment of the Church, which will serve for the good and benefit of his monastery .

4. The main concern of the Vicar is to take care of the spiritual state of his brethren, their diligence in prayer, in the worship of the monastery, their zeal in obedience and, especially, in striving for purity and holiness of life. The vicar constantly keeps in touch with the confessors of the monastery and monitors how often the brethren come to the Sacrament of Holy Confession and communion of the Holy Gifts of the Body and Blood of Christ.

5. The vicegerent, if health permits, leads all Sunday and festive monastic services, delivering teachings after them or entrusting them to other persons who are capable of this and have a holy order.

6. The vicegerent, cultivating the will of the monks, instilling humility in them, checks the fulfillment of the obediences assigned to each of the members of the monastery, and, if necessary, paternally makes comments, and even severe reprimands, up to penance, in order to admonish and correct the sinning brother , seeking in a prudent way from him recognition and repentance for the mistakes made.

7. In case of absence, illness or death of the Vicar, the Spiritual Council of the monastery, headed by the Father Assistant to the Vicar, enters into the temporary administration of his duties.

ASSISTANT GOVERNOR

1. The duty of the Assistant Viceroy is to provide comprehensive assistance to the Viceroy of the monastery in the conduct of monastic affairs, and in the absence of the Viceroy, the performance of his duties in accordance with the blessing.

2. The Viceroy's Assistant carries out the orders of the Viceroy to ensure the statutory life of the monastery and monitors the correct performance of their duties by officials.

3. All the officials of the monastery are subordinate to him. On serious violations of their duties, he reports to the Viceroy.

4. The Viceroy's Assistant has the right to keep in touch with government departments in matters related to the activities of the monastery, according to the Viceroy's blessing.

Confessor

1. The main duty of a confessor is the pastoral care of the brethren of the monastery, their spiritual condition. Performing the Sacrament of Repentance for them, he spiritually guides their lives, setting them on the path of soul salvation. The confessor, taking care of the brethren, in case of their illness or overload, may petition the Viceroy for a change or facilitation of obedience for individual monks.

2. The Confessor sees to it that all the inhabitants of the monastery regularly go to confession and partake of the Holy Mysteries of Christ. For the monks, private conversations of the confessor will also be very useful, which will help them to better understand their monastic affairs.

3. The confessor visits his brethren, gets acquainted with the habitation of the monks, and in case of illness, he consoles and protects someone. In the field of view of the spiritual father is every brother of the monastery involved in obedience, exercising himself in reading spiritual books, in work and prayer, avoiding idleness, as the mother of all vices. The confessor should pay great attention to the obediences of the brethren of the monastery, observing and ascertaining their spiritual attitude towards them.

4. If for some reason the confessor fails to provide for all his spiritual children, an assistant may be assigned to him. In the case of monks evading obedience or careless attitude towards them, the Confessor takes this behavior into account and admonishes him at a convenient time for him.

5. The confessor makes sure that each of the brethren of the monastery passes the Sacrament of Confession at least once a week, and if one of the brethren evades this, he informs the Viceroy about it.

6. The confessor is the closest mentor to the novice monks.

7. The fraternal confessor oversees the confession of the pilgrims of the monastery, directs their confessors.

8. The Confessor assists his children in assimilating the Charter of the monastery, inclines them to obedience and teaches humility before the elder brethren and especially before the Vicar, strengthening their authority in the monastery. In confession, he does not so much accept the complaints of the penitent monk against the brethren and the Vicar, but seeks to instruct him in patience and bearing his own cross of life.

The circle of questions and answers of the confessor and the brethren is purely spiritual, and it should not concern the outer and administrative side of the monastery, which belongs to the Vicar.

TREASURER

1. The duty of the treasurer is to closely monitor the receipt and expenditure of the monastic treasury and to maintain income and expenditure books, in compliance with the rules of accountability. These books are annually submitted by the Viceroy to higher spiritual authorities for review.

2. The treasurer also monitors the condition and movement of all other types of material assets of the monastery.

3. The treasurer maintains an archive of the most important monastic documents, both economic and financial.

4. The treasurer oversees the condition and storage of inventories of the monastery property and valuables coming to the monastery.

5. The Treasurer, with the blessing of the Assistant Viceroy, issues advance money to the steward and other persons sent for purchases, and requires a report from them.

6. On the last days of the month, or in case of need, the treasurer, in the presence of the Viceroy's assistant or the dean and the accountant, opens the church mugs, counts the money and enters the total amount into the cash book.

7. The keys to the monastery mugs are kept in the treasury. A candlemaker, a shopkeeper, a prosphora seller, a librarian and an accountant are accountable to the treasurer.

AUDIENCE

1. The duty of the dean is to supervise the brethren of the monastery, their discipline and attitude towards their obediences, both in the church and in the monastery.

2. The Dean makes sure that complete silence and strict order are observed in the church during the service. For this, he appoints monks who ensure discipline in the temple.

3. In case of violations of discipline by any of the brethren, the dean's father gives instruction, admonishing him with a fraternal word.

4. The Reverend has the right to enter the cells of the brethren in order to know their everyday needs, as well as to keep order and cleanliness in them.

5. In order to preserve monastic discipline, the dean must take care that there are no strangers in the cells of the monastery - even close relatives, a meeting with whom can only be allowed in a reception room specially designated for this purpose, and then with the permission of the dean.

6. The dean places the monastic guests in the living rooms and takes care of them. The Reverend also takes care of the parishioners of the monastery. Through the inner clergy, he satisfies their spiritual needs.

7. The Reverend blesses those who have arrived at the monastery for food in the fraternal and common meal.

8. Under the control of the dean are gatekeepers, janitors, church watchmen, sellers of candles and prosphora, bell ringers.

9. The Dean may have an assistant (with the blessing of the Vicar), who, in his absence, performs the same functions.

10. It is the responsibility of the dean to constantly monitor the correct reading of the Liturgy, prayers and panikhidas of the Synodists and the notes and commemorations submitted by the laity.

11. Serious violations of discipline among the brethren report to the Vicar.

SACRISTAN

1. The duties of the sacristan include the management of church utensils, vestments, and all temple property, as well as their careful storage and use for their intended purpose.

2. The sacristan keeps an inventory of all church property and all vestry items, especially those newly received, with the establishment of an inventory number, indicating the source of receipt, century, price. If possible, the history of especially valuable temple relics, icons, and relics is included in the inventory. Valuables should be stored in a safe place. Without the blessing of the higher monastic authorities, THE INVENTIONS SHOULD NOT BE ISSUED TO ANYONE. Periodically introduce them for acquaintance to the Viceroy of the monastery, assistant to the Viceroy or treasurer.

3. The sacristy's keys must be kept by the sacristy.

4. The sacristan issues vestments for the clergy and ensures that things that require repair or washing are corrected and washed in a timely manner, and church utensils are regularly cleaned and wiped.

5. According to custom, the sacristan recloths the throne, brings the holy Antimins, as well as vessels into the Altar in vestments (epitrachel, handrails).

6. Vestments that have become unusable, covers, covers, towels, etc., upon consideration by the Viceroy or treasurer, are destroyed, for which an act is drawn up.

7. The sacristan oversees the illumination of the Altars and temples, and, especially, the cleanliness and order in the Altar, starting with the Throne, the Altar and ending with the sacristan's place.

8. Sextons, monastery tailors are subordinate to the sacristan.

9. The sacristan may have at his disposal one or two assistants, if necessary (with the blessing of the Viceroy).
The sacristan, with the blessing of the Viceroy, can acquire utensils with a subsequent report to the treasurer.

ECONOMY

1. The duty of the steward is to manage and supervise the economic and construction part of the monastery

2. He takes special care of churches, chapels, as the first shrines of the monastery. The housekeeper's care extends to the fraternal buildings, as well as to all utility rooms.

3. At the disposal of the steward are both monks engaged in monastic economic work, and hired workers, whom the steward accepts and appoints at the right time to carry out various types of work, coordinating their work plans with the Viceroy, with his blessing.

4. The distribution of the time of the working brethren depends on the discretion of the Viceroy or assistant to the Viceroy, and the steward only ensures that everyone is conscientiously engaged in work at the appointed time.

5. The distribution of the time of hired workers depends on the discretion of the housekeeper himself, who assigns the necessary work, monitors the quality of their performance, and also pays their labor, coordinating it with the Viceroy.

6. Subordinate to the steward are: the cellar, the head of the workshops, the hotelier, all the monks working in the sector of the economy, drivers, electricians, masons, painters, carpenters and others.

7. If the steward finds it necessary and useful to carry out any improvements in the monastic economy, then he is given the right to present his considerations to the Viceroy, and after approval and blessing, he can begin to implement his plans.

The economy has a special monastic obedience - to carry out construction and household work at minimal cost, protecting the monastic treasury, carefully guarding and spending household materials.

8. The housekeeper, if desired and necessary, may have an assistant (with the blessing of the Viceroy).

9. The economy receives the right from the monastery to keep in touch with government departments in business matters, according to the blessing of the Viceroy.

10. Work in the monastic economy begins and ends according to the church - prayer.

CELLARER

1. The duties of the cellarer are to acquire the necessary food products, as well as to monitor their safety.

2. Under the supervision of the cellar is the monastery kitchen, food stores, prosphora and the refectory, in which cleanliness and tidiness must be observed.

5. The cellarer oversees that at the meal everything is always prepared according to the monastic Rule, so that the food left on the tables does not disappear.

4. Without a special blessing from the Viceroy, the cellarer should not release food to the monastic cells.

5. The cellarer takes care of the timely harvesting of vegetables and fruits for the winter period.

6. The following persons are subordinate to the cellar: refectory, cook, cellar and all kitchen workers.

7. In the absence of the cellarer, he is replaced in everything by his assistant - the refectory.

INSTALLER

1. The duties of the superintendent are to strictly observe the order of all church services, so that they are performed in accordance with the typicon and local monastic customs.

2. The setter monitors the daily readers, for the correct statutory administration of hours, troparia, kontakions, kathismas and other readings, which must be performed without errors, reverently, distinctly and artlessly.

3. The Ruler oversees the correct reading of the teachings in the temple and in the refectory and coordinates the book proposed for reading with the Viceroy.

4. The steward must draw up a schedule of church services a month in advance, which he must submit in advance to the Viceroy for approval.

5. Novice and little knowing readers should be taught the correct church reading by the usher.

6. The clerk must monitor the state of church liturgical books, and those that have become unusable must be restored in a timely manner or, with the blessing of the Viceroy, destroyed if they cannot be repaired.

7. In the obedience of the usher are: regent, canonarch, regular readers and singers.

8. The Ruler may have an assistant (with the blessing of the Viceroy), to whom he must transfer his knowledge and experience.

REGENT

1. The duties of the regent are to manage the monastery choir and to establish exemplary order in the kliros.

2. The choir should sing harmoniously and prayerfully, so that the singing touches, touches and brings spiritual benefit to all those who pray.

3. Neither the choir director nor the singers should allow jokes, laughter, quarrels, idle talk and noise on the kliros.

4. The regent instructs the canonarch to review the texts of the stichera in advance so that he can canon clearly and distinctly, making semantic stops between phrases.

5. The regent is obliged to systematically organize rehearsals of the choir, in which all singers must take part.

6. The regent submits to the steward and coordinates all divine services with him.

7. The list of chants is submitted to the Viceroy for approval.

SEXTON

1. The duties of a sexton require a very attentive attitude, since this obedience is associated with his presence in the Altar near the Holy See and the Altar, in which idle talk, laughter, jokes and everything obscene to this holy place are unacceptable. The sexton must come to the Altar in advance to prepare it for the service.

2. The sexton is obliged to attend the service, kindle lamps and a censer, prepare prosphora, wine, water, warmth and other things related to the service.

3. The sexton has the duty to look after the cleanliness in the Altar and the temple; clean the censer, candlesticks, remove dust and cobwebs from windows, icons, look after carpets, pour water from the washbasin into a specially designated and arranged place, ventilate and sweep the Altar.

4. The sexton obeys the sacristan.

5. At the end of the service, the sexton carefully checks the Altar for fire safety. Usually the side doors of the Altar are unlocked and locked by the sexton himself.

CLERK

1. The duty of the clerk is to manage the entire clerical office of the monastery.

2. All written records of the monastery, including archives, must always be in perfect order and be properly registered.

3. Correspondence of the monastery with various organizations and individuals should be carried out carefully and not be delayed.

4. The clerk accepts monastic correspondence and presents it to the head of the office. He also deals with the issues of postal orders, parcels and draws them up properly.

5. The clerk may have an assistant (with the blessing of the Vicar) who delivers and receives all monastic correspondence at the post office.

BELL RINGER

1. The bell-ringer, with the blessing of the dean, at the appointed time produces the evangelism for the service.

2. Blagovest or trezvon is made in accordance with the Charter. The nature of the bells should correspond to the established traditions of church sounds.

3. The bell ringer should not allow unauthorized persons to enter the bell tower without special instructions and need.

4. With the help of the housekeeper service, he monitors the condition of the entire belfry.

LIBRARIAN

1. The responsibility of the librarian lies in the management of the monastery library, the acquisition of the necessary books, as well as other publications, the compilation of a catalog and card index.

2. The librarian issues books to the inhabitants of the monastery against receipt.

3. The position of a librarian requires a person experienced in spiritual work, who would lend out books, in accordance with the development and spiritual preparation of everyone who wants to take a book.

4. The librarian gives damaged books for restoration in a timely manner.
Supervises the book depository, monitors the internal regime in it and, especially, fire safety.

5. The video and audio libraries are part of the library, so turning on and viewing the VCR and listening to the audio recorder is the responsibility of the librarian.

6. The librarian, through the Governor or his assistant, specifies the time and order of the library and agrees with him on the circle of persons who have the right to use the library.

PROSFORNIC

1. The prosphora maker is responsible for the quality and timeliness of the production of prosphora,
especially liturgical ones.

2. Prosphora is baked from pure, fresh wheat flour of the highest grade.

3. The samprosphorist should live in purity and reverence, being in prayer, and especially while working in the prosphora, where extraneous conversations, laughter, jokes are unacceptable, as bread is baked for the Sacrament of the Divine Eucharist.

4. During the baking of the prosphora, all who take part in the baking of the prosphora should take turns reading aloud the 50th psalm.

5. The prosforist obeys the steward, receives flour and everything he needs from the cellarer.

6. The prosphora room is kept in proper cleanliness and order. He reports to the steward of the monastery about the repair work in the prosphoron.

MEAL

1. The trapeznik oversees the timely and high-quality preparation of food for the brethren in the cook's room and looks after the order during the meal.

2. While eating in the refectory, the life of the saints, the prologue, or something from the writings of the holy fathers is usually read.

3. The refectory attendant ensures that the rooms, tables and dishes are always kept clean in the refectory.

4. Sets the tables for the set meals of the brethren and then clears the dishes.

HOSPITAL

1. The duties of a sick person are to care for and supervise those who are being treated in the isolation ward of the monastery.

2. The sick person must be gentle, patient, compassionate and caring for the sick.

3 The sick-list provides the sick with food, drink, and medicines at the right time.

SHOP MANAGER

1. The duty of the head of any workshop (icon painting, sewing, carpentry, etc.) is to supervise the work carried out in it, as well as the workers.

2. Violations in work or abuses must be reported to the housekeeper.

3. It is forbidden to drink tea in workshops.

OFFICE MANAGER

1. The main duty of the head of the office is the diligent conduct of the personal correspondence of the Viceroy.

2. He is obliged to timely submit to the Viceroy the personal letters that have come to him, and, with his blessing, answer them, and respond to the rest of the correspondence through the clerk.

3. He is entrusted with keeping the minutes of the meetings of the Spiritual Council, their correct execution and saving.

4. Ensure that the monastics and novices of the monastery correspond only with the circle of persons of people determined by the Vicar. In cases of detection of a violation of correspondence by him, promptly report this to the Viceroy.

5. Specify in advance the agenda of the Spiritual Council and systematize the issues proposed for consideration at it.

CHAPTER 3. CONDITIONS FOR ADMISSION TO A MONASTERY

1. Who for the sake of God renounces the world and enters into monasticism, he embarks on the path of spiritual life. The motivation for it in a Christian appears as a result of his faith and inner striving for spiritual perfection, which is based on the renunciation of evil and the passions of the world, as the first condition for the salvation of the soul.

2. No previous moral way of life in the world prevents a Christian from entering a monastery for the purpose of saving his soul, as stated in canon 43 of the VI Ecumenical Council.

3. The following cannot be admitted to the monastery:

- persons under the age of majority;

- a husband with a living wife and a wife with a living husband; as well as parents with young children required by their guardianship;

- Monks who have taken tonsure in another monastery or in the world;

Spouses, sealed by a church marriage, can enter a monastery, provided that they take a blessing from the bishop for a new way of life and at the same time each enter their own monastery.

4. An applicant to the monastery must present a passport, a certificate of marital status, a military ID (or a certificate of exemption from military service), write an autobiography and submit a petition addressed to the Viceroy for admission to the monastery. It is advisable to submit a recommendation from a clergyman.

5. After submitting a petition to the brethren, the newcomer gets acquainted with the present Charter and passes the test for three years, and if he proves worthy, according to the decision of the Spiritual Council, the Vicar, with the blessing of the ruling bishop, tonsures him into the monastic rank.

6. The period of probation can also be shortened depending on the moral stability and benevolence of the newcomer, and also if the person being tonsured was known for his pious life before entering the monastery: these include students of seminaries, students of theological academies, widowed priests and others.

CHAPTER 4

1. A novice, first of all, must carefully read and assimilate the monastic Rules, so that at the very first steps of his stay in the monastery he does not violate the order and discipline established in it.

2. The novice gives a signature that he undertakes to sacredly fulfill everything set forth in this Charter; in case of violation of the above Charter, he is subject to an appropriate penalty from the administration of the monastery for the purpose of admonishment and repentance, and in case of persistent disobedience, he can be removed from the monastery.

3. A novice must strive in every possible way for spiritual life, as the first goal of his calling, leaving secular habits, remembering the instruction of St. Basil the Great to beginner monks: “Have a modest gait, do not speak loudly, observe good manners in conversation, eat and drink reverently, remain silent in front of the elders, be attentive to the wise, obedient and in command, have unhypocritical love for equals and lesser ones, move away from evil speak little, carefully collect knowledge, do not talk too much, do not be quick to laugh, adorn yourself with modesty.

4. In relation to the Vicar and the inhabitants of the monastery, the novice must show humble respect.

5. A novice, when meeting with the Viceroy, as well as with brethren in holy orders, should take a blessing; greetings to other inhabitants can be expressed with a waist bow.

6. Entering someone else's cell should be with the Jesus Prayer and only when the answer is received: "Amen."

7. After the evening rule, all idle conversations and walks are prohibited, the brethren in silence disperse to their cells and get ready for bed, reading spiritual literature is allowed until 24.00, as well as needlework.

8. It is not allowed for the brethren to independently establish a cell rule for themselves, and also to create it at night.

9. It is fitting to unquestioningly obey the Vicar, the rulers of the monastery, remembering that Christ Himself said about Himself: “For I came down from Heaven not to do My will, but the will of the Father who sent Me” (John 6:38).

10. Diligent and diligent obedience for the beginners is a guarantee of their future spiritual growth and salvation.

11. Avoid self-will: do nothing without the blessing of superiors, even if it seems to be laudable, so as not to fall into temptation, pride and charm.

12. It is not customary for monastics to discuss or criticize the orders of the Vicar of the monastery, but, on the contrary, to fulfill them with prayer and humility.

13. If a brother does not agree with the orders of those in charge, he, with meekness and in private, may well express his opinion to the one who gave this order at his further discretion.

14. A novice and monastic should be in constant peace and love with all the brethren of the monastery, trying to be friendly and helpful with everyone.

15. No one should take to his cell any thing, even the most necessary, without the blessing of elders, remembering that any such acquisition without blessing is theft.

16. Monastics should not bring unnecessary things into the cell, fall into the sin of misbehavior. The best decoration of the monastic cell are the holy icons and books of Holy Scripture, as well as the creations of the holy fathers. A monk's cell contains the bare minimum of everything that cannot be dispensed with in it. The cell should be red not by things, but by the spirit of faith and prayer of the monk living in it. Secular and purely worldly things and belongings should not have a place in the cell.

17. Monks and novices are prohibited from drinking tea and eating in the cell, as well as bringing food products into the cell.

16. It is forbidden for the brethren to have tape recorders, cameras, refrigerators, musical instruments in their cells.

19. It is indecent for monastics or novices to speak loudly, laugh and behave freely.

20. Chastity or purity of soul consists not only in keeping oneself from vicious deeds and deeds, but also from impure thoughts as the first reasons for sin.

21. Everywhere and always it is proper for a monk to refrain from idle talk, remembering the words of the Lord: “I tell you that for every idle word that people say, they will give an answer on the Day of Judgment: for by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned” ( Matthew 12:36).

22. Smoking, drinking alcohol and foul language in the monastery should not even be named in it, that is, it is categorically forbidden, and violation of this ancient rule entails serious punishment, up to expulsion from the monastery.

CHAPTER 5. ABOUT SPIRITUAL GUIDANCE

1. Each monastic and novice should be under special spiritual guidance - a fraternal confessor, who should reveal his spiritual state - perplexity, doubt, difficulty, temptation and receive instructions and spiritual support from him.

2. Each of the brethren of the monastery should open his thoughts to the fraternal confessor as often as possible, but at least once a week.

3. For spiritual knowledge and growth, every monastic should, as a rule, read several chapters of Holy Scripture with great attention every day, and also diligently read the works of the Holy Fathers and other soul-beneficial literature, finding in it spiritual food and consolation.

4. A monastic without a spiritual father should not undertake anything in the spiritual work of salvation according to his own thought and will; for example, to impose a fast on oneself in excess of the prescribed by the Charter, or something else, so as not to fall into delusion and not damage one's salvation.

5. If any misunderstanding or quarrel occurs between the brothers, it is necessary to hasten to extinguish them by mutual forgiveness and humility, and immediately restore peace and love, remembering the covenant of Holy Scripture: “Let not the sun go down in your anger” (Eph. 4, 28 ).

6. A brother who violates monastic discipline may be subject to spiritual punishment through the imposition of penance, which should be viewed not as a punishing scourge, but as a necessary medicine that heals spiritual illnesses and infirmities.

7. If the sick consider doctors to be benefactors, although they give them bitter medicine, so the sinning monk should look at the penances that are given to him and accept them as good medicine and a sign of mercy for the salvation of the soul (St. Basil the Great, rule 52 ).

8. Every sinner is given penance according to his spiritual constitution and his infirmity. Just as it is impossible to treat bodily diseases with the same medicine, so spiritual forgiveness should be of a diverse nature: “Just as there is no one healing for bodily ailments, so there is no one for spiritual ones,” says St. Isaac the Syrian.

9. As a correction, the following measures can be used: removal from the fraternal meal for one or more days; fasting all week; transfer from one obedience to another, more difficult; bowing down; excommunication for a certain period from communion of the Holy Mysteries of Christ; removal of the hood and cassock; transfer from a cell to another, less convenient, as well as others that the Vicar deems necessary to apply.

CHAPTER 6. ABOUT CHURCH SERVICE

1. The most important moment of church life is the church service, the general prayerful vigil, and therefore participation in these should be the primary concern and aspiration of all those living in the monastery.

2. Evasion or careless attitude to temple prayer, to this most sacred matter, should be considered an important violation of the order of the spiritual life of the monastery.

3. The purpose of frequent long prayer is to acquire the grace of the Holy Spirit in your heart by acquiring the habit of unceasing and living remembrance of God.

4. For the purpose of the magnificent celebration of divine services in the monastery, the dean, together with the steward, draw up a schedule of church services for a month in advance, indicating the names of the clergy, readers, sextons, canonarchs who take part in them, notify them of this obedience. All schedules for the temple and the monastery are signed by the Viceroy. Unauthorized violation or change of the schedule of services is not allowed.

5. Half an hour before the start of the morning service, the wake-up caller goes around all the cells with a bell and raises the brethren to prayer.

6. Each of the monastics should try to come to church without delay, before the start of the service. No one should also leave the temple before the end of the service, unless there is an urgent matter of obedience. The Dean reports to the Viceroy about the most malicious violators.

7. Weekly hieromonks and deacons arrive at the service early, at least 15 minutes before the start, dress and prepare everything necessary for the celebration of the service.

8. Some of the monks, by virtue of their special obedience in the monastery, cannot attend divine services daily, for which they receive a blessing from the Vicar. Such obedience is imputed to them in the same way as prayer in the temple.

9. Clergymen who read and sing in church must do their work with unflagging attention, without haste, "with fear and trembling" and without violating the monastic Rule.

10. On the way to and from the church, one should not stop with outsiders and enter into conversations with them, and if anyone is asked about something, then one should limit oneself to a short answer.

11. In church, you can’t talk, look around, but be concentrated, listen to God, worship and yourself.

12. In view of the fact that monastic churches are visited not only by monastics, but also by pilgrims, special rites of worship and Sacraments can be performed for them - prayers, panikhidas, akathists, unctions, but weddings in the monastery should not be performed.

13. In special cases, with the blessing of the Vicar, it is possible to perform the rite of Baptism.

14. Priests, under no pretext, should take money for their needs, but give them to the monastic treasury.

15. On all days when the All-Night Vigil is performed, the brethren should be in the temple in the prescribed clothes: monastics - in cassocks, mantles and klobuks (cassocks can be removed in warm weather); monks - in cassocks and hoods; novices - in cassocks (if there is a blessing of the Viceroy for wearing it). Hoods are removed only at set times of the service.

16. Clothing should be clean and simple. The color of monastic clothes is always black and no other. For work, it can be gray, brown or otherwise, but not bright. Wearing clothes of a different color is allowed only to the Viceroy and the priestly monk with the rank of abbot with the blessing of the Viceroy.

17. If one of the brethren falls ill and cannot come to the service, he must warn about this in advance through someone or himself, the assistant to the Viceroy or the dean.

18. Priests are allowed to sit in the Altar only during the reading of the Apostle, Parimial icathism. In all other cases, it is necessary to ask for the blessings of the Viceroy. Deacons can sit in the Altar only if they feel unwell, with the permission of the Vicar.

CHAPTER 7

1. On simple days, the beginning of the morning meal at 12.00. Before this, 5 minutes before this, the refectory strikes the bell 12 times and the brethren gather in the refectory. The meal begins and ends with the established prayer. In the absence of the Vicar on it, the weekly hieromonk blesses the food.

2. On holidays, when the rite of "Panagia" is performed, the beginning of the fraternal meal immediately after the end of the service and the arrival of the brethren at the refectory, which also begins and ends with the established prayer. Food is blessed by the Viceroy, in his absence - by the assistant of the Viceroy or the weekly hieromonk.

3. The evening meal begins immediately after the end of the service and the arrival of the brethren in the refectory. In the absence of the Viceroy, the weekly hieromonk blesses the food. 5 minutes before the end of the service, the ringer strikes the bell 12 times.

4. On the days when the all-night vigil is performed, the brethren arrive at the refectory in the prescribed clothes: monks in cassocks and klobuks, monks in cassocks.

5. A weekly hieromonk and hierodeacon always arrives at the refectory in a cassock, mantle and hood.

6. The meal in the monastery is a continuation of the divine service and is of a sacred nature and requires the monk to have a sacred attitude towards it.

7. It is forbidden to talk and laugh at the meal. If someone is missing something on the table, let him call the trapper with a gesture.

If the Viceroy needs to clarify something, then the right brother should quietly come up and give an answer to the Viceroy.

8. Late entry into the refectory or exit from it before the end of the meal without the blessing of the Viceroy is recognized as a violation of discipline and is reprehensible.

9. No one should take food in the cell, except for those who are allowed by the Viceroy or the Dean, as they are unable to come to the common meal due to illness or for some good reason.

10. A monastic should humbly eat the food served and not say: “This is not tasty, this is harmful to me.” He can then express his wishes and sorrows on this occasion to the spiritual father or the steward, without spreading them further.

11. For a special, dietary meal, a monastic must take a blessing from the Viceroy or confessor.

12. The brethren of the monastery are forbidden to eat food in a common meal, as well as being in it, if this is not related to his obedience.

13. The abbot of the monastery has the right to have a separate meal and a separate kitchen. He can invite to his table whoever he wants from the brethren, as well as the guests who have arrived.

CHAPTER 8

1. The bell ringing in the monastery is performed at the time specified by the Charter
and moments of service and is assigned to the senior bell ringer, who makes the ringing
either by himself or through his assistants.

2. Bell ringing relies:

a) in the morning 15 minutes before the start of the service - 12 strokes of the small bell;

b) before the start of the refectory - 12 strokes on a small bell;

c) at the end of the morning meal on the eve of the all-night vigil, the bell is struck 12 times;

d) at the meeting of the Bishop - a festive ringing;

e) before the beginning of the liturgy and in all cases provided for by the Charter.

CHAPTER 9

1. The time remaining from church services and obedience should be spent by monastics in their cell very prudently and carefully, with the desire to acquire as much benefit as possible, and mainly spiritual, avoiding any indulgence of their passions,

2. Such useful cell activities can be:

a) cell rule according to the Charter and the blessing of the confessor;

b) reading spiritual books with an extract from them of the most lively and edifying places for monks;

c) exercise in spiritual reading, the study of the Church Slavonic language, the Church Charter and preparation for the church service;

d) needlework for the benefit of the monastery and for one's own needs with the blessing of the confessor;

e) cleaning the cell, cleaning and repairing clothes, shoes, etc.

3. The monk's favorite reference book should be the Holy Bible with interpretations on it.

4. The brethren's cell clothes should be clean, simple, without pretense of luxury.

“Vanity and bitterness come from luxurious clothes,” says Isaac Sirin.

5. In case of a serious illness, a monk can go to a doctor by leaving the monastery, having previously taken a blessing from his superiors. The monk uses the medical service of the monastery hospital in case of a sudden illness.

6. Prayer in the cell, reading the Psalter and especially the Holy Gospel - extinguish many passions of the soul and body.

7. Private contemplation elevates, sanctifies the mind and purifies the heart, brings peace to the soul.

8. The mind, according to the teachings of the holy fathers, should never be idle.

CHAPTER 10. ABOUT EXTERNAL VISITORS AND MUTUAL VISITS TO CELLS

1. Reception in the cells of external visitors is allowed only with the blessing of the monastic authorities, and during the daytime hours.

2. Female persons are not allowed in the cell under any circumstances. If a monastic needs to see close relatives, then they are received not in the cell, but in a specially appointed reception room of the monastery (monastic hotel) with a blessing.

3. Without the blessing of the Vicar, no one has the right to leave any of the outsiders in his cell for the night, and also none of the brethren has the right to spend the night in someone else's cell of his monastery.

4. Monastics and novices do not have the right to enter into communication with visitors to the monastery and relatives without receiving the blessing of the Viceroy, his assistant or dean.

5. The brethren, with the blessing of the confessor, may visit each other in their cells for spiritual conversation or to help the sick and the elderly, but not for empty talk and fun.

6. After the evening rule, the monk must remain in his cell, except for those special cases when he calls the spiritual authorities or needs to visit the sick, etc., having received the blessing of the assistant of the Viceroy or the dean for this.

CHAPTER 11 CONDITIONS OF ABSENCE FROM THE MONASTERY

1. Exit from the monastery can be twofold: out of obedience, out of official necessity, at the request of those who have a respectful personal need for it.

2. If any of the monastics needs to leave the monastery for a short time during the daytime hours (before the beginning of the evening service), then for this it is necessary to have the verbal permission of the Vicar, and in his absence, his assistant or dean. When traveling home, to other cities or villages, even for the most insignificant period, one must write a petition addressed to the Viceroy indicating the reason, the exact address of one's trip and the time of return.

3. Regular vacations do not correspond to the monastic way of life, therefore leaving the monastery for a long period is carried out only when absolutely necessary (for emergency treatment, illness or death of relatives and other cases), as well as for business trips. But in each individual case, the Viceroy has a special judgment on this, so that the time spent by the brother outside the walls of the monastery does not harm him spiritually.

4. Those sent in view of special need for obedience in the city or other places outside the walls of the monastery must immediately return to the monastery after the end of this obedience.

5. Monks in holy orders, released outside the walls of the monastery, do not have the right to serve as priests without the permission of the ruling bishop of the area where they are
arrived and where they wish to serve.

6. The brethren of the monastery are forbidden to visit the monastery hotel without the blessing of the Viceroy, his assistant or dean.

7. Monastics should by all means avoid leaving their monastery, even for the shortest time, remembering that the walls and the spirit of the monastery are the best defense against various temptations and temptations. Every monk, having been in the world, returns to his cell spiritually worse than he came out of it: this is what the holy ascetics teach.

8. Let us force ourselves, brethren, to acquire the good habit of patiently staying in a monastery, leaving it only when absolutely necessary. St. Anthony the Great once said about this: “Like fish, remaining on land, die, so monks, staying with worldly people, outside the monastery, lose their disposition towards silence. As a fish tends to the sea, so we must strive to our cells, so that, slowing down outside of it, we do not forget about internal storage ”(Alphabetic Paterik).

CHAPTER 12. SPIRITUAL CATHEDRAL

1. To help the Vicar, the Spiritual Council of the monastery should be formed,
which includes:

- Viceroy;

- Deputy Viceroy;

- confessor;

- treasurer;

- dean;

- economy;

- sacristan;

- cellar;

- head of the office;

as well as, if necessary, other persons of the monastery with the blessing of the Viceroy.

2. After listening to the opinion of the brethren, the Viceroy must discuss everything himself and do what he finds more useful.

3. The brethren should offer their opinions to them with all humble submission, not daring to defend with perseverance what they have thought up.

4. Decide the last decision is the will of the Viceroy, which he considers more salutary, and everyone must submit to him.

5. No one in the monastery should follow his own will or impudently enter into a dispute with the Viceroy regarding his orders for the monastery. Anyone who dares to do so must be subject to the prescribed measures of correction.

6. Let the Viceroy himself do everything with the fear of God and with the observance of the truth, remembering that he will certainly give an account of all his judgments to God, the Most Righteous Judge.

7. If it is necessary to do something insignificant in favor of the monastery, then the Vicar can only use the advice of the elder brothers, as it is written: “do nothing without advice, and when you do, do not repent” (Sir, 32, 21).

8. The head of the chancellery specifies the issues submitted for decision by the Spiritual Council in advance through the Viceroy and reads them in an orderly manner before the Council.

9. The Spiritual Council meets as needed, but at least 4 times a year, its decisions come into force after the approval of the minutes of the meeting by the Viceroy.

CHAPTER 13

1. Human infirmities are so great that the most beneficial institutions for others remain fruitless, or not always and not in everything fruitful. Either due to weakening of attention, now due to corruption, now due to enemy temptation, falls often occur in violation of not only monastic rules, but also the Divine commandments.

Therefore, it is necessary to use measures of correction and admonition, so that if it becomes necessary to expel someone, expel him in the confidence that there is no more hope for his correction.

2. The rules that apply to the correction of the fallen constitute the rules of punishment or penance.

3. The judge of all is the Abbot of the monastery, he alone has the right to punish any of the brethren.

4. The remaining officials, to whom the Charter prescribes the supervision of the brethren, must make corrections to the sinner up to 3 times, and if he does not correct himself, then report this to the Viceroy.

5. If such officials do not care about the correction of the brethren and do not report violations to the Viceroy, then they themselves must be punished.

CHAPTER 14. CONDITIONS FOR REMOVAL FROM THE MONASTERY

1. Monks who have betrayed their vows and begun to live shamefully, defaming the Holy Church and their monastery, after repeated exhortations and disciplinary sanctions, are removed from the monastery as unfit for monastic life and as bringing temptation to the environment of monastics.

2. A monk removed from a monastery leaves his monastic robes.

3. If any monk who was removed from the monastery or who voluntarily left it later, having known his fall, returns and asks to return to the monastery, such a one can, after considering his case, be accepted, but already in the category of newcomers.

4. From those who have been removed or arbitrarily left the monastery and again wished to return to it, a written promise should be required to continue to lead a life in accordance with the Gospel and the monastic Rule.

5. In the event of the death of a monk, all his property, according to the inventory, is transferred to the warehouse and is the common property of the monastery.

CONCLUSION

This monastic Rule, as a guide for monastic life, must be fulfilled with prayer and zeal, to the best of our ability, for the sake of salvation and spiritual growth.

BY THE PRAYERS OF OUR HOLY FATHERS, LORD JESUS ​​CHRIST, OUR GOD, HAVE PARTY ON US. AMEN.